Doctor Gaspard. As a sign of the “begging” that had become fashionable, anti-Spanish nobles began at one time (and this was the 16th century) to wear a beggar’s leather bag and a wooden bowl for collecting alms.
The emblem of the gyoze is a bag, a begging bowl and other “beggarly” attributes.
By the way, the rich church decoration aroused particular hatred of the common people during the times of the Guez: when the rebels broke into churches, they held a punk prayer there with sticks, stones, hammers, smashed and broke icons, statues, altars, the floor was strewn with gold, silver and jewelry, and the crowd trampled them with hatred.
Then, during the French Revolution, the same story repeated itself with the word “sans-culottes”.
The word comes from the expression sans culotte, that is, “without culottes”: in the 18th century, male nobles wore culottes, also known as breeches - short, tight-fitting velvet pants just below the knees, trimmed with lace. Culottes were worn with stockings, and the male half of the common people wore long trousers made of simple material - like those that everyone wears now.
Initially, at the dawn of the revolution, the word “sans-culotte” was a contemptuous nickname that the aristocrats gave in mockery to the leaders of the “rabble.” Then the word was rethought and began to be used with pride, as a designation of the rebellious common people. 
Two images of sans-culottes from the French Revolution
Sans-culotte and culotte wearer
Counter-revolutionary caricature - an aristocrat (wearer of culottes) on trial before the sans-culottes in September 1792
And now the same thing seems to have happened with the word “vatniki”, also contemptuously (and imprudently!) launched as an offensive nickname for the common people in contrast to the famous “f...ty fur coats” named after Ksenia Sobchak and Bozhena Rynski.
As one of the Doctor’s commentators rightly noted, “the meme has turned upside down: citizens are already enrolling in quilted jackets with all their might.”
So that no one reproaches the author of these lines for inconsistency, I had to write about the need to supplant “fucking fur coats” with quilted jackets two years ago:
“The “fucking fur coat” revolution, the need for which the Sobchak people have been talking about for so long, seems to have ended before it really began. What's behind it? Behind it begins a revolution of padded jackets and quilted jackets - and, adjusted for the time of year, T-shirts, jeans and other simple clothes that you can’t wear to a high-society event. However, has it really happened differently in other REAL revolutions? The French Revolution was started by “culottes” - that is, decent gentlemen in short court trousers reaching to the knees, and ended by sans-culottes, that is, wearers of (now generally accepted throughout the world) common trousers. Pantaloons were eliminated as a class. The Russian Revolution of 1905 began with a “banquet campaign,” when decent gentlemen in tuxedos and monocles, gathered in expensive restaurants and holding crystal glasses with exquisite wine in front of them, made pompous speeches. It was completed with blue blouses and work caps of strikers and barricade workers of the end of 1905, who had no glasses in their hands - only cobblestones from the pavement. And monocles, tuxedos and top hats soon went to the scraps of history...”
However, the under-revolution of 2012, alas, never reached the stage of “vatniks” (maybe that’s why it remained “under”); on the way to it, the left side of the protest was dealt a blow, and it was the representatives of the left who found themselves in the dock of all “ swamp" processes.
And then the liberals, the same ones who proudly called, as they branded, the swamp under-revolution “the revolution of f...f fur coats,” pejoratively called their opponents “vatniks.” Although the people from the Forbes list and the Ozero cooperative, who rallied to protect their capital around the Kremlin, resembled the “vatniks” as little as the author of these lines resembled a Bolshoi Theater ballerina. Well, the fact that liberals defined their enemy in this way is understandable, although they could also be ashamed, because they once raised the natural quilted jacket man Ivan Denisovich to a pedestal, defining themselves in a well-known Novomir article as “friends of Ivan Denisovich” (and their opponents - as his “enemies”). One well-known liberal dissident composed an entire ode, a real panegyric to the padded jacket, that is, the quilted jacket, and proposed erecting a monument to her in one of the city squares. And where did all this evaporate?..
But it is especially sad that some leftists, or those who consider themselves such, picked up this “fashionable fad” and began to use the nickname “vatnik” in a derogatory sense. It turned out that the “fucking fur coat” automatically ended up among the allies if the main enemy was identified as a “quilted jacket.” But when the left, or those who portray themselves as such, see their main enemy not in the “bourgeoisie”, not in the proud wearer of the “f... that fur coat”, but in the “quilted jacket”, that is, in the common people - this is already a complete paragraph, to put it mildly . 
And now it looks like the meme is turning around. Which is good news.
I was asked to talk about the sans-culottes costume.
Sans-culottes (from the French sans - without and culotte - short pants) - a term from the time of the Great French Revolution. Aristocrats called representatives of the urban poor sans-culottes, who, unlike the nobles, wore long pants rather than short ones. Soon, from a contemptuous nickname, this word turned into a self-name for revolutionary-minded people from the “lower classes.” Sometimes “sans-culottes” are translated as “sans-culottes,” which, of course, is incorrect, although in English cartoons of that time, sans-culottes are often depicted without pants at all.
The sansculotte costume is depicted in many images of the time. For example, the well-known painting by Louis-Léopold Boilly (Boilly), depicting a standard bearer at the Feast of the Federation in 1792.
The men's suit consisted of a short jacket - "carmagnole" (carmagnole), widespread among sailors (the fashion for such jackets appeared with the "La Marseillaise", which was sung by a detachment of volunteers from Marseille upon entering Paris in 1792), long sailor trousers ( matelots), a red Phrygian cap with a national cockade, a shirt without a frill, and a loosely tied scarf tie. A short vest was worn under the carmagnola. In cold weather, a long-skirted frock coat or a cloak made of thick brown or gray cloth was worn on top.
The costume was complemented by a red sash, woolen stockings, shoes or folk wooden shoes - clogs. The spread of long trousers led to the appearance of suspender straps instead of a belt, which from that time became part of the European costume.
Red "Phrygian cap".
A similar headdress was known in ancient times. In particular, it was worn in Phrygia (Asia Minor), Persia, etc. The Iranian god Mithras was depicted wearing a red Phrygian cap. In the Roman Empire, it was worn by slaves who were freed. In pre-revolutionary France, a similar headdress was worn by sailors and convicts on galleys, and during the years of the revolution it became a symbol of the liberation of the people. 
A man dressed as a sans-culotte tries on a red cap. A discarded wig and a triangular hat lie nearby.
During the years of the Jacobin dictatorship and the Terror, many bourgeois and former “aristocrats” wore the clothes of sans-culottes so as not to particularly stand out from the revolutionary crowd. (Approximately the same thing happened after 1917, when hats, etc., disappeared from everyday life. The hat could be lost along with the head.)
Triumph of Marat. From a painting by Boilly, 1794
Speaker on the podium. 
Planting the "Freedom Tree". 
The women's suit consisted of an undershirt and an upper short double-breasted jacket without a corset or jacket, an apron, a cloth skirt up to mid-calf length, straight and free-form; At the waist there is a belt-scarf. On top they wore a kanzu (French canezou - short blouse) - a large scarf made of light fabric or lace, crossing the ends on the chest and tying them at the waist. A cap-shaped headdress. 
March of women to Versailles October 5, 1789 (Colorized engraving of the time) 
The sans-culotte costume was practical, simple and comfortable. And the men's suit, borrowed from sailor clothing, was already very reminiscent of a modern one.
Pantaloons, skirts and vests made of striped fabric were in fashion.
Political symbolism played an important role in the costume. This was expressed in the mandatory wearing of a national cockade and the predominance of “national colors” in the decoration of the costume - red, white and blue.
Based on the clothing of sans-culottes, a number of official or semi-official forms of costume for officials and public persons, such as members of revolutionary committees, municipal police, prison guards, etc. arose. 
The creation of mass armies and the lack of uniforms led to the fact that revolutionary soldiers (especially volunteers) had a very motley appearance. The uniform was combined with elements of civilian clothing. Soldiers and officers dressed in rags, whenever possible, decorated themselves with blue-white-red plumes, scarves, etc., presenting a rather picturesque sight.
Army of the Rhine. 1796
This drawing by a German artist dates back to the time of the Directory. The soldiers and officers of Bonaparte's Italian Army looked about the same.
Let us now take a look at the great French sansculottism, at this miracle of the revolution - is it moving, is it growing? After all, this alone still contains hope for France. Since from the Mountain emanate decree after decree, like creative fiats, then, according to the nature of things, the miracle of the revolution is rapidly growing in these days, developing one member after another and taking on terrible proportions. In March 1792, we saw how all of France, seized with blind horror, ran to lock the city outposts and boiled tar for the robbers. This March we are happier because we can look horror straight in the face, since we have a creative Mountain that can say fiat. The recruitment of recruits is carried out with fierce speed, but our volunteers hesitate to act until treason is punished at home: they do not strive for borders, but rush back and forth with demands and denunciations. The mountain is forced to say new fiat and new fiats.
And doesn't she do that? Let us take for the first example the so-called Comites revolutionnaires for the arrest of suspicious persons. Revolutionary committees, consisting of 12 elected patriots, sit in every city hall in France, interrogate suspects, search for weapons, carry out house searches and arrests - in short, make sure that no harm is done to the Republic. Their members, elected by universal suffrage, each in his own section, represent a kind of quintessence of Jacobinism; about 44 thousand such persons are vigilantly vigilant over France! In Paris and all other cities the door of every house must be clearly marked with the names of the tenants "at a height not exceeding five feet from the ground"; each citizen must present his Carte de civisme, signed by the chairman of the section; everyone must be prepared to give an account of his beliefs. Truly, suspicious persons had better flee from this soil of Freedom! But it is also unsafe to leave: all emigrants are declared traitors; their property becomes national property, they are outside the law, “dead in law,” of course, with the exception that for our needs they will be “alive before the law for another fifty years,” and the inheritance that falls to their share during this time is also recognized as national property! The mad vital energy of Jacobinism, with its 44 thousand centers of activity, circulates through all the veins of France.
The Tribunal Extraordinaire20 decreed by the Mountain is also very noteworthy; Moreover, some Girondins opposed this measure, since such a trial undoubtedly contradicts all forms, while others from their party agreed, even contributed to its adoption, because ... oh, people of Paris, don’t we all equally hate traitors? The “Tribunal of the Seventeenth,” established last fall, acted quickly, but this one will act even faster. Five judges, permanent jurors, who are appointed from Paris and the surrounding area in order to avoid loss of time for elections; this court is not subject to appeal, excludes almost all procedural forms, but must be “convinced” as soon as possible and, for greater fidelity, is obliged to “vote loudly” for the Parisian public. Such is the Tribunal Extraordinaire, which, after a few months of the busiest activity, will be renamed the Tribunal Revolutionnaire, as it called itself from the very beginning. With Herman or Dumas as president, with Fouquier-Tinville as attorney general, and with a jury consisting of people like Citizen Leroy, who gave himself the nickname Dix Aout (Leroy Tenth of August), this trial will become a miracle of the world. In his person, the sans-culottes created for themselves a sharp sword, a magical weapon dipped in the hellish waters of the Styx, for the blade of which any shield, any defense, by force or cunning, would be too weak; he will mow down lives and break cast-iron gates, his swing will fill the hearts of people with horror.
But, speaking of the formation of amorphous sans-culottism, should we not first of all determine how the formless received a head? It will not be a metaphor if we say that the existing revolutionary government continues to be in a very anarchic state. There is an executive council of ministers, consisting of six members, but they, especially after the departure of Roland, hardly knew themselves whether they were ministers or not. The highest authority over them is the committees of the Convention, all equal in importance; committees of twenty-one, defense, public safety are appointed simultaneously or one after the other for special purposes. The Convention alone is omnipotent, especially if the Commune is at one with it; but it is too numerous for the administrative corps. Therefore, at the end of March, in view of the dangerous situation of the Republic, which is in rapid rotation, a small Comite de Salut Public21 is created, apparently for various random matters requiring urgent solutions, but in reality, it turns out, for a kind of general supervision and general enslavement. The members of this new committee must report weekly on their actions, but deliberate in secret. There are nine of them in number, and they are all staunch patriots, one of them is Danton; The composition of the committee should be renewed every month, but why not re-elect them if they are successful? The essence of the matter is that there are only nine of them and they meet in secret. At first glance, this committee seems to be a secondary body, but it has the makings of development! He is favored by the happiness and inner energy of the Jacobins, he will force all the committees and the Convention itself to silent obedience, turn six ministers into six diligent scribes and will for some time carry out his will on earth and under heaven. Before this Committee the world still trembles and cries out.
If we called this Revolutionary Tribunal a sword that the sans-culottes forged for themselves, then the “maximum law” can be called a food bag or knapsack, in which, after all, you can still find a portion of bread. True, this overturns political economy, the Girondin free trade and all the laws of supply and demand, but what to do? Patriots need to live, but greedy farmers apparently have no heart. Therefore, the “maximum law”, which sets maximum prices for grain and was approved after endless efforts22, will gradually spread to all types of food, but one can imagine after what fights and confusion! What to do, for example, if a peasant does not want to sell his goods? Then he must be forced to do it. He must give exact information to the established authorities about his stock of grain, and let him not exaggerate, because in this case his income, tax and indemnities will correspondingly increase; but let him not underestimate it, because by the appointed day, let’s say in April, less than one-third of the announced quantity should remain in his barns, and more than two-thirds should be threshed and sold. They could report him and charge him a fine.
It is with this intricate upheaval of all trade relations that the sans-culottes want to maintain their existence, since this is impossible in any other way. In general, things have taken such a turn that, as Camille Desmoulins once said, “while the sans-culottes fight, the gentlemen must pay.” Then there are Impots progressifs (progressive taxes), with rapidly increasing gluttony absorbing the “surplus income” of people: those who earn over 50 louis a year are no longer exempt from taxation; if the income is in the hundreds, then thorough bloodletting is done, and if in the thousands and tens of thousands, then the blood flows in streams. Then requisitions appear, a “forced loan of a billion,” which, of course, everyone who has anything must subscribe to. An unprecedented phenomenon: France has reached the point where it has become a country not for the rich, but for the poor! And then if someone decides to run away, what is the use? Death before the law or life for another 50 years for their damn needs! Thus, with the singing of "Ca ira" everything goes topsy-turvy; at the same time, there is an endless sale of national property to emigrants, and Cambon is pouring out banknotes as if from a cornucopia. Trade and finance of sans-culottes and their galvanic existence with established maximum prices and queues at bakeries, with greed, hunger, denunciations and paper money; their beginning and end remain the most interesting chapter of political economy yet to be written.
In 1787, the activities of scientific and literary clubs were banned in France: the king considered that it was harmful for his subjects to think. However, already in 1789, with the beginning of the revolution, purely political clubs began to form: progressive minds were going to speculate on the topic “how can we organize France.” What kind of clubs were these? And who ultimately became the main driving force behind the Great Revolution?
Girondins
The club arose from a circle of lawyers from the Gironde, a department in southwestern France. Hence the name.
Admirers of Rousseau, the Girondins fiercely advocated the overthrow of the monarchy and even dreamed of “fanning a world fire”, liberating all of Europe from the oppressors. However, they feared the trial of the king, believing that terror would follow.
Among the Girondins there were plenty of eloquent speakers (lawyers, after all), but there was a lack of talented organizers. In 1793-94, most of them had to get acquainted with the “corrupt girl of the revolution” - the guillotine.
As one of the Girondins, Pierre Vergniaud, said, going to the scaffold, “The revolution, like Saturn, devours its children.”
Cordilleras
They called themselves the Society of Friends of Human and Civil Rights. But since these “friends” gathered in the monastery of the Franciscan Cordeliers, this monastic name soon stuck to them.
They cursed the enemies of the republic and defended the rights of the common people. At the meetings of the club there were also naked sans-culottes, and - which was an unheard-of innovation at that time - even women. The leaders among the Cordeliers were the magnificent orator Georges Danton and the journalist Camille Desmoulins.
After the king's attempt to emigrate, the Cordeliers led the republican movement; After the overthrow of the monarchy, they fought to the death with the Girondins - and soon merged with the Jacobins.
Jacobins
This club also bears a monastic name: the meeting point for the Jacobins was the Dominican monastery of St. James. They called themselves friends of freedom and equality. At meetings of the Convention, Jacobin deputies sat on the highest benches, under the very ceiling, or, as they said then, “on the Mountain” (la Montagne); hence another name for them - Montagnards, that is, mountaineers.
The club was quite heterogeneous: its right wing was led by Danton, the left by Marat, and the center by Robespierre. However, the club’s program was the same: the development of the revolution and the defense of its gains.
Having come to power in 1793, the Jacobins immediately established a revolutionary democratic dictatorship.
Feuillants
At one time they spun off from the Breton Club, that is, actually from the future Jacobins. The reason for the isolation of the Feuillants was their dissatisfaction with the radical views of comrades like Robespierre.
The leaders of the Feuillants - Lafayette, Barnave, the Lamet brothers - stood for a constitutional monarchy; their blue dream was a compromise between the big bourgeoisie and liberal-minded aristocrats. They called to finally stop the revolution and live in peace; It was on this basis that the Jacobins, after the overthrow of the king, closed down the Feuillants club, declaring them traitors and evil counters.
Swamp, aka Plain, aka Belly
Actually, it was not a club at all, but simply the overwhelming majority of the deputies of the Convention, who leaned either to the left or to the right, supported first one or the other, depending on the situation. Accordingly, the speakers had the task of winning over the Swamp so that it would vote properly.
Sans-culottes
This was the name given to the workhorses of the revolution - all radical representatives of the third estate. It was through their efforts that the Bastille and the Tuileries were stormed, and the monarchy was overthrown by their hands.
Unlike aristocrats, who sported short trousers or culottes, commoners wore comfortable long trousers; hence the name - sans-culottes.
After 1792, all radical revolutionaries began to be called this way - although, for example, Robespierre wore real culottes.
Chouans
Peasants speaking out for the king - sounds wild, doesn’t it? However, the Shuans were formed precisely from such people.
Why would peasants from the north-west of France come out in defense of royalty and the Catholic Church? Everything is very simple: some did not like the Jacobin requisitions, others had heard enough of the propaganda of the sweet-voiced royalists, and others simply did not want to join the army and fight.
The Chouans behaved like real robbers, living by raiding - even after the Jacobins lost power. Only in 1803 were they finally defeated.
Sans-culottes(fr. sans-culottes) - the name of the revolutionary-minded poor people in Paris during the French Revolution. The word comes from the expression sans culotte, that is, “without culottes”; in the 18th century, men from the rich classes wore culottes (aka breeches, that is, short, tight pants just below the knees) with stockings, while the poor and artisans wore long trousers.
On July 14, 1789, Parisian sans-culottes broke into the armory of the royal soldiers and stole 30,000 muskets there. Then, having distributed their weapons, the Parisians marched on the Bastille. A fierce battle broke out, after which the prison garrison capitulated. The uprising spread throughout France.
With the outbreak of the revolutionary wars in April 1792, the sans-culottes played a predominant role in the National Guard, and in August they stormed the Tuileries Palace and overthrew the monarchy. And then they dominated the bodies of local revolutionary self-government.
In June 1793 they helped the Jacobins come to power, and in September they forced the Convention to unleash terror. With its beginning, many civil servants began to dress “a la sans-culotte”. The sans-culottes themselves demanded greater control over prices and incomes, accusing the government of excessive liberalism.
In 1792-1795 Any radical revolutionaries began to be figuratively called sans-culottes.
The sans-culottes supported the most radical revolutionary politicians - Hébert, then Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety.
After the fall of Robespierre, the sans-culottes lost political influence.
Literature
Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910-1911)
Source: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sans-culottes
The Great French Revolution of 1789-1794
Abstract >> HistoryTo the Convention building. Together with sans-culottes(« Sans-culottes"(“sans-culottes”) were then called democratic..., the Jacobins met the demands sans-culottes. On September 5, it was accepted ... armies "consisting of the Parisian sans-culottes. In order to streamline supply...
French Revolution (5)
Abstract >> HistoryThe influence and pressure of the masses ( sans-culottes) and in some cases were... and then Spain. 8. Jacobin dictatorship Sansculotte(Louis-Léopold Boilly) In March 1793... . L., 1989. Revunenkov V. G. Parisian sans-culottes era of the Great French Revolution. L., 1971 ...
September murders
Abstract >> HistoryContributed to the September massacres. Among sans-culottes Paris, victorious on August 10, ... the signal to march. Therefore among sans-culottes the idea of reprisal against the prisoners prevailed... so he was saved by those who recognized him sans-culottes. After...
