Much in the grammar of English and Russian is different, but the basic structure of the language and its components have some similarities. This also applies to the topic of cases of pronouns in English. Let's consider them in more detail.

Object case of English pronouns

There are 6 cases in Russian, according to which pronouns are declined. As for English, everything is simpler here, only 2 cases, which greatly simplifies learning.

First case – subjective, personal pronouns that in the nominative form indicate an object (I, we, you, he, she, it, they).

The second case – object, which answers the questions of all cases: whom \ what? to whom; to what? who/what? Consider the table of the object case of pronouns in English:

subjective case	Objective case	Transcription	Translation
I (I)	Me		me, me, me
We (we)	Us	[ʌs]	Us, us, us
You (you, you)	You		You/you, you/you, you/you
He (he)	Him		Him, him, them
She (she)	Her		Her, her, her
It (it)	It		His/her, him/her
They (they)	Them	[ꝺem]	Them, them, them

The table shows how the personal pronouns change, and only you and it remain unchanged. That is why you need to carefully monitor the correctness of their use in sentences, so as not to distort its meaning. Let's look at some examples:

Give me- Give me
take it- Take it
Follow him- Follow him
look at her- Look at her
Listen to them- listen to them

Can you help me? - Can you help me?
Could you meet her? - Can you meet her?
Would you stop them? - Will you stop them?
May I ask you something? – Can I ask you something?

We must give it back to her. We must give it to her.
They should be careful with him. “They should be careful with him.

Modal verbs in English

A separate topic in English grammar is modal verbs. They differ from other verbs in that they cannot indicate a specific action, but only express the possibility or necessity of performing this action. There are not many of them, but they have different meanings. Therefore, you need to collect all the meanings in the table of modal verbs in English.

Modal verb	Transcription	Meaning, translation	Examples
Can		I can do something	Can will you help me? - Could you help me? I can do it. - I can do it. He can ride a bike. - He can ride a bike.
May		Yes, permission	May I come in? - May I come in? You may come. - You can come. They may play here. - They can play here.
Must		Must	He must help us. He must help us. We must visit them. We must visit them. She must be in time. She must be on time.
Should	[ʃu:d]	Should, Recommended	You should be careful. - You should be more careful. They should be more polite. “They should be more polite.

Questions with modal verbs

As you probably already noticed from the table, when forming questions, modal verbs are placed before the subject. For example:

Can I help you? - Can I help you?
Should I do this? – Should I do this?
May he come to me? - Can he come to me?
Must we clean the room? Should we clean the room?

During the formation of special questions, interrogative words are placed before modal verbs:

What can I do for you? - What can I do for you?
When must he come? - When should he come?
Where should we go? – Where should we go?

Negation in sentences with modal verbs

To negate something, the particle not is placed after the modal verb. In this case, abbreviations characteristic of colloquial speech are formed:

cannot - can't,
should not - shouldn't,
must not - mustn't

I can't find it. - I can not find it;
You shouldn't go with them. You shouldn't go with them.

Object pronouns and modal verbs are among the necessary topics for studying, given their prevalence in speech. Therefore, this lesson should be given special attention.

Write about your impressions of the lesson in the comments. Tell us about how you succeeded or maybe have not yet managed to master modal verbs.

And numerals, which serve to connect words in a sentence. But their cases in English, which are variants of the same word (word form), nevertheless, exist. Fortunately, there are only 3 of them: object, subjective and possessive. Let's talk about each one of them. C "mon.

Subject and object cases in English

To understand the concept of the objective case, we will have to go back in time and recall a little the school course of the Russian language. We all remember that the subject is the word in the nominative case. As for the rest of the nouns and pronouns in the sentence, they will most often be objects. Everything in English follows the same principle. The pronoun or noun is either the subject ( subject), or complement ( object). Recall that the subject answers the question "who?" and what"? (Nominative case). It's easy to guess that subject will stand in subjective case, a additions- in objective case.

A man saw a dog near a building.

There are 3 nouns in this sentence: a man, a dog and a building.
At the first place, as always, is subject for which is used subjective case in English. It is followed by addition a dog, which, respectively, is in object case. As can be seen from the example, the form of the noun has not changed.

Object case for pronouns

With nouns, everything is simple - they do not change their form for both cases (subjective and objective). But pronouns have their own special form in case they are not in the place of the subject:

I saw him, and he saw me.

Possessive case in English

If everything is more or less clear with the subject and object cases, since they correspond to the case forms of the Russian language, then we do not have the possessive case. The questions of belonging (“whose?”, “Whose?”, “Whose?”, “Whose?”) are answered by an adjective. And in English this function is performed by the category of case of nouns and pronouns.

However, for nouns and pronouns, the implementation of the possessive function will be different.

"" is used to indicate ownership of nouns. s“Moreover, the ending is added to the noun to which something belongs.

This is my mother's bag
This is my mother's bag.

If a noun ends with hissing or " s", then just add apostrophe :

I"ll take my parents" car.
I'll take my parents' car.

Should be distinguished possessive «" s» from verb abbreviations « is» — «" s».

I like John's new blazer.

Whose new blazer? John, therefore John's — possessive noun John.

I think John's right.

What is John doing? is right, therefore John's — reduction from John is right.

Now consider some special cases of using the possessive ending "" s»:

• If the plural form of the noun ends not on « s”, then we use the full version of the possessive ending - apostrophe + « s': mouse - mice. The main character is mice's King.- The main character is the Mouse King.
• In English, there are compound nouns consisting of several words. As a rule, they are written with a hyphen. to such words "" s» is added after the very last word: We all waited for The-Boy-Who-Lived's speech. We were all waiting for the speech of the boy who survived.

The possessive case of inanimate nouns is formed by the preposition " of', not the endings '' s» (the headquarter of the company). But there are exceptions for:

• Planets - Jupiter's size.
• Newspapers and organizations - Times "s editor, UNESCO's operation.
• Distance and time - ten meter's height, a minute's business.
• Seasons and months - summer's sadness, July's hit.
• Cities and countries - Minsk's Main Square, Russian "s elite force.

Words like nature, ship, nation, country,car, water, city, boat, ocean and town - ship's crew, nation's pride, car's engine etc.

Ownership pronouns also have their own form:

My son is the smartest in his class.
My son is the smartest in his class.

As you can see from the example, the possessive pronoun must be followed by a noun. However, pronouns have an absolute form that allows them to be used without a noun or in a different position (not just in front).

He was a friend of mine.
He was my friend.

Where are your socks? -I don't know, but yours are there.
Where are your socks? - I don't know, but yours are there.

That's all absolute forms of possessives pronouns:

Che thought about it ... And to whom am I writing this? Still not enough to become a schizo. I'd better spin the slots and go ----------

Conclusion

Cases in English perform somewhat different functions than in Russian. This can cause difficulties when translating and trying to express your idea. But there are only three of them, and the way of education is easier than in Russian - you do not need to memorize the spelling of endings, based on such complex concepts as declension, gender and number.

To improve your skills in using English cases, as well as practice using them and clarify the remaining nuances, use the services of a tutor online. It's quick, easy, and doesn't even require you to leave your home. try it ;)

Big and friendly family EnglishDom

Apply

Your application is accepted

Our manager will contact you soon

close

An error occurred while sending

Send again

There are several types of pronouns in English. The most famous among them are: and, each of which plays a special role in the sentence. So, for example, personal pronouns in the nominative case in a sentence are the subject. That is why they are sometimes called subjective.

If questions rarely arise in the case of personal pronouns, then confusion often begins during acquaintance with object pronouns.

Features of object pronouns

The main distinguishing feature of object pronouns from subject pronouns is that the former will never be the subject in an English sentence. This type of pronoun plays the role of an object and never answers the questions “who?” and what?". object pronouns usually answer questions “to whom?”, “by whom?”, “about whom?” and "who?". It should be noted that the object pronoun "her" is different from the possessive pronoun, which is spelled and pronounced the same way. The latter answers the question "whose, whose, whose?" and is used together with a noun (Compare: "her book" - "her book" and "know her" - "to know her").

Place in the sentence of object pronouns

Usually, object pronouns follow behind a verb or preposition. They never come first in a sentence, because they cannot be subject, because they perform a completely different function. These pronouns complement the verb, and do not indicate the person who performs the action.

Examples of the use of object pronouns:

I don't know what to tell him. I don't know what to say to him. They saw Maria near the cinema three days ago. They saw Maria outside the cinema three days ago. Lucy loved him very much. Lucy loved him very much. They didn't want to listen to her. They didn't want to listen to him. Last Monday this man helped us with luggage when we arrived at the hotel. Last Monday this man helped us with our luggage when we arrived at the hotel. Where did you see them? Where did you see them? This book is exciting. I really enjoyed it. This book is exciting. I really enjoyed her. When I entered the room I saw her near the window. She looked at me and smiled. When I entered the room, I saw her near the window. She looked at me and smiled. Open the window, please. – Wait a minute. I'll write two lines more and then open it. Please open the window. - Wait a minute. I'll write two more lines and then I'll open it.

Multiple object pronouns in a sentence

Examples of the use of several object pronouns in sentences:

tell me about her. Tell me about her. It's my book. Give it to me, please. It is my book. Give it to me. Ask him a question about it. Ask him about it. Last time I saw them with her in the street. Last time I saw them with her on the street. He asked me to look at him and smile. He asked me to look at him and smile. Let's suggest them coming with us. Let's invite him to come with us.

Verbs with prepositions that require an object after themselves

to agree with smb to argue with smb to quarrel with someone to ask smb about smth to look after someone to look at smb/smth to look at someone either\something to listen to smb/smth listen to someone\something to look for smth/smb look for someone\something to rely on smb rely on someone to wait for smb wait for someone to write smth to smb write something to someone

Read more about personal pronouns in the subject and object cases in a new article on our blog.

Examples:

Look at him! He is so handsome today! Look at him! He is so handsome today! Wait for me at the restaurant on Monday evening. Meet me at the restaurant on Monday evening This teacher is very experienced. Listen to him very attentively This teacher is very experienced. Listen to him very carefully.

Watch the video on Objective Pronouns

The use of pronouns in speech avoids tautologies and replaces proper nouns. It is pronouns that are an integral part of any statement, since they replace names and (nominative case). As for object pronouns in English, they have a number of functions that need to be considered.

Case of personal pronouns in English

In English, there are only two subtypes of personal pronouns - subjective (nominative) and objective (objective). They have a number of differences and features in the language. The first answers the questions: who?, what? And the object case of personal pronouns in English will answer the questions of indirect cases of the Russian language, namely: whom? to whom? by whom? about whom? This makes learning English grammar a little easier compared to Russian.

It is necessary to clearly distinguish between both forms of pronouns in order to be able to use them correctly in sentences. Therefore, you need to consider them in comparison.

Objective case

As can be seen from the table, each object pronoun in English refers to the corresponding form of the subject. The pronoun me refers to the first person singular and is translated: me, me, me, about me. For example, tell me - tell me. In the plural, the pronoun we changes to us [ʌs] - us, us, us. For example, in the sentence: Let us come in - let us come in.

The pronoun of the second person you - you, you, does not lend itself to change, and acquires other meanings: you, you, you, you, you, you. For example, I will call you later - I will call you later.

Speaking of third parties, you need to use: him - him, him, them; her - her, her, her; it - his, her, him, her, them, her. For example, I am with him - I am with him; he loves her - he loves her; you have a paint, use it - you have paint, use it. At the same time, it should be noted that the possessive pronoun her - her, absolutely converges with the object pronoun, so you need to be careful about its use in speech. The pronoun them [ðəm] does not change either in pronunciation or in spelling: Let's go with them - let's go with them.

Place of object pronouns in a sentence

Only having mastered personal pronouns in the nominative case well, you can proceed to familiarize yourself with the objective case. In English, their use in sentences has a slightly different connotation, and it is not always clear how to correctly translate a phrase with such pronouns. That is why you need to clearly know their place in the proposal.

Unlike the first group, the second pronouns do not act as the subject, but are the complement of the predicate. Therefore, they usually come after the verb: they don't want to know us - they don't want to know us. But there are cases when object pronouns act as a predicate, for example: It "s me.

Often they appear in questions: Can you help me? - Can you help me? Comparisons also use object pronouns, for example: My brother is elder than me.

Several object pronouns in one sentence are not uncommon in English. This is typical of more complex expression constructions: he asked me to take her with us - he asked me to take her with us.

There are verbs after which it is necessary to use a preposition with an object. Such verbs include: to agree, to look, to listen, to wait, etc. For example, will you listen to me? - Will you listen to me? In such cases, prepositions are used before pronouns: at, with, to, for, of, etc.

The following video will help you better understand the use of certain prepositions before object pronouns. Those who are just starting to learn English should focus on their pronunciation.

Exercises

The use of pronouns must be learned at the level of automatism. To do this, you need to practice your skills with the help of different exercises. You should start with simple exercises for practicing object pronouns in English.

Exercise 1. Replace these nouns with pronouns in the objective case.

Mother, table, Sam, book, cat, boy, children, flower, snow, friend, I and my father.

Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with pronouns in the objective case.

1. Why are you looking at that poster? Do you like ___?
2. The girl is singing. Please, listen to ___!
3. Dan asked you on date? Will you go with ___?
4. Neighbors are having a party. Go and tell ___ to the music down.
5. We are going to the picnic on Saturday. Will you go with ___?
6. I'm very angry! Listen to ___!
7. You are mad. I'm not going anywhere with ___!

Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with object pronouns.

In order to clearly master the rules for using personal pronouns in English, they should be worked out in parallel in exercises. For example:

The correct and appropriate use of personal pronouns in speech indicates its rather high level, since they are part of such complex grammatical structures as: complex object and complex subject.

Starting to study pronouns, you should immediately put everything about object pronouns in English "on the shelves". In this case, further development of the language will proceed without significant difficulties.

object pronouns
Pronouns in the objective case

When some action is directed to personal pronouns or there is a preposition in front of it, then we can no longer use the nominative case: I, he, she, etc. In this case, they must be put in the so-called object case. For example, you cannot say She loves he or Do you see I? All we need to do is memorize the object pronouns and use them correctly in a sentence. Let's put them in the form of a table.

I-me you - you he - him she-her it - it we-us they - them

me, me you, you him, him her, her him, him, her, her, this us, us them, them

Examples:

Bring me the key - Bring me the key
Do you see him? - Do you see him?
It is for them - This is for them
Give it to her - Give it to her

Don't say: Do you see he? or It is for they.

Say it yourself in English:

This is for me?
They talk about us
Can you tell him that I'm waiting for him?
I can't live without her

As you can see, object pronouns are equivalent to Russian pronouns in different cases, except for the nominative. This topic is completely simple and does not require special deepening. However, there are special cases of using object pronouns. For example, when we need to use a pronoun in combination with the construction it´s ... .

It´s me - This is me
It´s him - This is him

Or if we want to use the pronoun not in a connected sentence, but separately. But this only applies to the pronoun me.

Who wants to ride a bicycle? - Who wants to ride a bike?
- Me - I

We like playing basketball - We love to play basketball
- Me too - Me too

However, if we want to use several pronouns at once that act as the subject, then these pronouns will only be in the nominative case.

You and I - You and I
He and she - He and she

Don't say: you and me (if it's the subject)

Exercises
Exercises

Exercise 1
Write the correct pronouns in the objective case

1. Do you want to go to Spain with ... (I)?
2. Where are you? I don't see ... (you);
3. She doesn't listen to ... (he);
4. Tell ... (I) the truth;
5. These dictionaries are very small. I don't need ...;
6. Your parents know where your bicycle is. ask ... ;
7. We don't know anything about ... (she);
8. Do you remember ... (we)?

Exercise 2
Answer the questions in the affirmative and then in the negative using object pronouns

1. Does she know you? - ... ;
2. Do you live with them? - ... ;
3. Does Pete read books about war? - ... ;
4. Do your friends call you and your brother? - ... ;
5. Does Jack love Mary? - ... ;
6. Will you write to Patrick? - ... ;
7. Is she looking for a new job? - ... ;
8. Do you remember your grandparents? - ... ;
9. Does Mr. Smith teach you English? - ... ;
10. Can you bring me the money, please? - ... .

Exercise 3
Translate the sentences into English

1. Do you believe me?
2. Look at her;
3. Now we are waiting for them;
4. I hate him;
5. Do you want to go with me?
6. I do this only for you;
7. Give me this book;
8. Are you going to call him?
9. I will never forget them;
10. Jason thinks about her.