What is a chronological table in literature. Ecological bases of nature management

Kazan Khanate
1439 - Khan Ulug-Muhammed approached Moscow and laid siege to it, but retreated eleven days later, plundering Kolomna and several other Russian cities along the way.
1444 - Kazan Khan attacked the Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan principalities.
1445 - the khan's army defeated the Russian troops near Suzdal, the Grand Duke Vasily II was captured, tribute was imposed on the Moscow principality.
1467 - Russian troops marched on Kazan in order to install friendly Tsarevich Kasim on the Kazan throne. The trip was unsuccessful. Ibrahim Khan prepared in advance for the "meeting".
In the third quarter of the 15th century, there were pronounced contradictions between the states, expressed in the clash of interests of Moscow and Kazan in the lands of the Upper Volga region.
In the 80s. In the 15th century, the Moscow government actively intervened in the struggle for the Kazan throne and often sent troops to Kazan in order to put their protege on the Kazan throne.
1487 - the capture of Kazan by Moscow troops and the approval of Khan Mohammed-Emin, loyal to Moscow, on the Kazan throne. Khan, objectionable to the Moscow government, was overthrown.
1506 - Moscow's major campaign against Kazan, the defeat of the Russians near Kazan, Khan Mohammed-Emin, who was placed on the throne with the military and political support of Moscow, freed himself from Moscow dependence.

1545-1552 - a series of military campaigns of Ivan the Terrible against Kazan. The first two were unsuccessful, and in 1552 the Grand Duke laid siege to the capital of the Khanate for the third time. After the explosion of the city walls with gunpowder laid in secret mines, Kazan was taken by storm, a significant part of the population was killed, and the city itself burned down. The Kazan Khanate ceased to exist, and the Middle Volga region was largely annexed to Russia. In memory of the capture of Kazan and the victory over the Kazan Khanate, on the orders of Ivan the Terrible, St. Basil's Cathedral was built on Red Square in Moscow.
In total, the Kazan khans made about forty trips to Russian lands, mainly to areas near Nizhny Novgorod, Vyatka, Vladimir, Kostroma, Galich and Murom.

Crimean Khanate
1480 - the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III turned to the Crimean Khan Mengli I Gerai with a request to organize a campaign in the Polish lands "to the Kyiv places." Mengli Giray took Kyiv by storm, devastated and severely destroyed the city. From the rich booty, the Khan sent Ivan III in gratitude a golden chalice and diskos from the Kyiv St. Sophia Cathedral. In the same year, Ivan III entered into an alliance with Mengli Gerai.
The end of the XV century - constant raids on Rus' for the purpose of robbery.
1521 - the forces of the Kazan Khan Sahib Giray made a military campaign against the Nizhny Novgorod, Murom, Klin, Meshchera and Vladimir lands and united with the army of the Crimean Khan Mehmed Giray near Kolomna. After that, they besieged Moscow and forced Vasily III to sign a humiliating treaty.
1571 - despite the agreement with Moscow, at the head of an army of 40 thousand horsemen, the Crimean Khan Devlet Gerai raided Moscow, burned the towns, captured 50 thousand people. Ivan the Terrible was forced to give an obligation to pay tribute to the Crimea every year.
1572 - the Crimean army of Devlet Gerai, united with Turkish and Nogai detachments, suffered a crushing defeat from the Russian troops led by princes Mikhail Vorotynsky and Dmitry Khvorostinin in the battle of Molodi (50 miles south of Moscow).

859 First chronicle mention of Novgorod
860 Siege of Constantinople by Russian squads. The first annalistic mention of Kyiv
862 Formation of the Old Russian State
879-912 Reign of Oleg
882 Prince Oleg captures Kyiv
907 Oleg's campaign against Byzantium
912-945 Reign of Igor
913-914 Campaign of Russian squads on the western coast of the Caspian Sea
915 The arrival of the Pechenegs to Rus'
945 Rebellion of the Drevlyans, murder of Igor
945-957 Olga's reign in Kyiv
964-972 Svyatoslav Igorevich reigned in Kyiv
964-965 Campaigns of the squads of Prince Svyatoslav against the Khazars; defeat of the Khazar Khaganate
964-966 Svyatoslav's campaign and the conquest of the Vyatichi lands in the northeast of Kyiv
978-1015 Prince Vladimir I reigned in Kyiv
981 Vladimir's campaign against the Polish lands
988 Adoption of Christianity in Rus'
992 The defeat of the Pechenegs on the river. Sule
994-997 Campaigns of Vladimir in Volga Bulgaria
1015 The uprising of the townspeople against the Varangians in Novgorod
1015-1019 Svyatopolk reigned in Kyiv
1019-1054 Yaroslav Vladimirovich reigned in Kyiv
1024 Campaign of Prince Mstislav Tmutarakansky against the squads of Yaroslav the Wise
1024-1026 Revolt of smerds in the Suzdal land
1035 Yaroslav the Wise becomes sovereign prince of Kievan Rus
1068 Uprising in Kyiv against Prince Izyaslav
1071 Revolt of smerds in the Rostov land
1073-1076 Reigning in Kyiv of Svyatoslav, son of Yaroslav the Wise
1078-1093 Reigning in Kyiv Vsevolod, son of Yaroslav the Wise
1093-1113 Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich reigned in Kyiv
1097 Congress of Russian princes in Lyubech. Known in history as a milestone in the legal consolidation of the feudal fragmentation of the Old Russian state
1102 Refusal of the Novgorod nobility to accept the reign of the son of the Grand Duke of Kyiv Svyatopolk
1103-1111 The struggle of Russian squads against the raids of the Polovtsy
1113 Uprising in Kyiv
1113-1125 Reigning in Kyiv of Vladimir Monomakh
1125-1132 Reigning in Kyiv Mstislav
1125-1157 Reign of Yuri Dolgoruky in the Rostov-Suzdal land
1136 Revolt in Novgorod. Exile of Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich
1141 Unification of the Galician lands by Przemysl prince Vladimir Volodarevich
1147 The first annalistic mention of Moscow
1153-1187 Reign of Yaroslav Osmomysl in Galicia
1156 Bishop exiled in Novgorod
1157-1174 Reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky
1176-1212 Reign of Vsevolod the Big Nest in the Vladimir-Suzdal land
1180-1194 Reign of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich in Kyiv
1185 Campaign of Igor Svyatoslavich against the Polovtsy, which served as the basis for the creation of the "Tale of Igor's Campaign"
1199 Unification of Galicia and Volyn lands by the Volyn prince Roman Mstislavich into the Galicia-Volyn principality
1206 Campaign of Prince Vladimir of Polotsk to Riga
1206-1207 The reign of the Grand Duke Rurik II in Kyiv
1209 Capture by the Germans of Polotsk destinies in the lower reaches of the Western Dvina
1212 Campaign against the knights of the Order of the Sword, organized by the Novgorod prince Mstislav Udaly
1223 Capture of the Principality of Polotsk by the Principality of Smolensk
May 31, 1223 Battle of the Russian and Polovtsian squads with the Mongol-Tatars on the river. Kalka, which ended in the defeat of the Russians and Polovtsians
1229 Trade agreement between the Principality of Smolensk, Riga and Gotland
1237-1238 The invasion of Batu's troops in North-Eastern Rus'
1240 Batu campaign against Kyiv
July 15, 1240 Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish army on the river. Neva
1241 Capture of Koporye by the troops of Alexander Nevsky
1242 Tatars campaign in South Russian lands
April 5, 1242 Victory of the Russian army over the German knights on Lake Peipus (Battle on the Ice)
1243 Received from the Tatars a label for a great reign by Prince Yaroslav
1252-1263 Reign of Alexander Nevsky in Vladimir Principality
1259 New invasion of the South-Western Rus' of the Horde hordes
1269 Uprisings of the inhabitants of Vladimir, Suzdal, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Ustyug and other cities of North-Eastern Rus' against the tribute collectors
1301 Accession by the Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich of the city of Kolomna
1302 Accession by Moscow Prince Daniil Aleksandrovich of Pereyaslav Principality
1303 Accession to the Moscow Principality of Mozhaisk
1304-1305 Anti-feudal and anti-Horde uprisings in Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod
1323 Foundation of the Oreshek fortress in the north-east of Rus' (since 1611 - Petrokrepost)
1325-1340 Reign in Moscow of Ivan I Kalita, Grand Duke of Vladimir-Moscow from 1328
1327 Uprising in Tver against the Mongol-Tatars
1340-1353 Reign of Moscow Prince Simeon Ivanovich
1359-1389 Reign of Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Duke of Vladimir-Moscow from 1362
1368, 1370, 1372 Campaigns of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd against Moscow
August 11, 1378 Victory of the Moscow army over the Tatar-Mongols on the river. Vozhe September 8, 1380 Battle of Kulikovo. The victory of Russian troops under the leadership of Dmitry Donskoy over Khan Mamai
1382 The campaign of Khan Tokhtamysh to Rus' and the capture of Moscow by him. Resumption of tribute payment to the Horde by Dmitry Donskoy
1389-1425 Reign of Vasily I in Moscow
1404 The capture of Smolensk by the troops of the Lithuanian prince Vitovt
1406-1408 War of the Moscow principality with Lithuania
1408 Siege of Moscow by Tatar Khan Yedigei
1418 Uprising of the townspeople against the boyars in Novgorod
1421, 1446 Major anti-feudal actions of the urban poor and peasants in Novgorod
1425-1462 Reigning in Moscow of Vasily II the Dark
1440-1441 Uprising against Lithuanian feudal lords in Smolensk
1456 Campaign of Vasily II to Novgorod
1462-1505 The reign of Ivan III, during whose reign the unification of the lands around Moscow was completed
1469-1472 Athanasius Nikitin's journey to India ("traveling across the three seas")
1471 Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod
1478 Incorporation of the Novgorod land into the Russian state
1480 Great "standing on the Ugra"
1483-1485 Major unrest of smerds in Pskov
1485 Incorporation of the Tver Principality into the Russian state. Moscow is the only center of the Russian state
1487 Establishment of vassal dependence of the Kazan Khanate from the Russian state
1489 Ivan III's military campaign in the Vyatka lands and their annexation to Moscow
1494 Conclusion of peace between the Russian state and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The consent of Lithuania to return to Russia the lands in the upper reaches of the Oka and the city of Vyazma
1497 Sudebnik of Ivan III
1499-1500 Campaign of the Russian troops in the Trans-Urals
1500-1503 War of the Russian state with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, ending with the defeat of the latter
1503 Truce between the Russian state and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Inclusion in the Russian state of Chernigov, Novgorod-Seversky, Gomel, Bryansk and other cities
1505-1533 Reign of Vasily III in Moscow
1510 Accession of the Pskov land to Moscow
1514 Smolensk was liberated from Lithuanian rule and incorporated into the Russian state
1521 Campaign of the united Crimean-Kazan troops to Moscow
1533-1584 Reign of Ivan IV the Terrible
1535-1538 Monetary reform. Establishment of a unified monetary system
1547 Rise of townspeople in Moscow
1549 Convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor
1550 Reform of the army - the creation of a streltsy army. Adoption of the Sudebnik of Ivan IV
1551 "Stoglavy Cathedral" of the Russian Orthodox Church October 2, 1552 Capture of Kazan by Russian troops. Accession of the Kazan Khanate to the Russian state
1556 Conquest of the Astrakhan Khanate by the Russian state
1558-1584 Livonian War, as a result of which Russia lost Narva, Yam, Koporye, Ivangorod.
1564 The release of the first printed book "Apostle" by Ivan Fedorov - the beginning of Russian printing
1565 Introduction of the oprichnina
1571 Raid of the Crimean Khan Devlet Giray to Moscow. Burning of Moscow
1572 Abolition of the oprichnina
1581 Issuance of a decree prohibiting the departure of peasants from the feudal lords - the introduction of the so-called "reserved years"
1580s Campaign of the detachment under the command of Yermak in Western Siberia
1584-1598 The reign of Tsar Fedor Ivanovich
1590-1593 War between Russia and Sweden
1591 Death in Uglich of Tsarevich Dmitry, son of Ivan the Terrible
1595 Treaty of Tyavzin between Russia and Sweden
1597 Decree on a five-year period of investigation and return of fugitive peasants (“lesson summers”)
1598-1605 Reign of Tsar Boris Godunov
1600 Conclusion by Boris Godunov of the "truce years" with the Commonwealth
1601-1602 Decrees on Peasant Exit
1604 Revolt of peasants and serfs led by Khlopko Kosolap
April 13, 1605 Death of Boris Godunov and accession of his son Fyodor
June 7, 1605 Overthrow of the Godunov dynasty in Moscow
May 17, 1606 Uprising in Moscow and the assassination of False Dmitry I
1606-1610 Board in Moscow of the boyar tsar Vasily Shuisky
1606-1607 Anti-feudal uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov
1607 Beginning of hostilities by the new protege of the Polish interventionists, False Dmitry II
March 1607 Decrees of Vasily Shuisky on "voluntary serfs" and
15-year term for detecting peasants
1609 Beginning of Swedish and Polish military intervention in Russia
July 1610 The overthrow of Vasily Shuisky
1610 Siege of Smolensk by the troops of the Polish king Sigismund III
1610-1613 Seven Boyars - a government of seven boyars headed by Fyodor Mstislavsky
September 1610 Polish troops enter Moscow
January-July 1611 The first militia to fight the Polish invaders
September-October 1611 Creation of the second militia in Nizhny Novgorod under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky
October 26, 1612 Capture of the Moscow Kremlin by the second militia
January 1613 Convocation of the Zemsky Sobor
1613-1645 Reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
1617 Stolbovsky peace between Russia and Sweden. Sweden returned Novgorod, Glov, Staraya Russa, Porkhov, Ladoga
1618 Truce of Deulino between Russia and Poland
1632-1634 War between Russia and Poland (Smolensk War)
1634 Polyanovsky Peace of Russia with Poland
1643-1651 Campaigns of Vasily Poyarkov and Yerofey Khabarov on the Amur
1645-1676 Reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
1646-1647 Salt tax decree
1647 Edition of the military regulations "Teaching and cunning of the military structure of infantry people"
1648 Semyon Dezhnev and Fedot Alekseev (Popov) discover the sea strait between Asia and America. Journey of Semyon Dezhnev from the mouth of the Kolyma to the mouth of the Anadyr
1648-1654 War of the Ukrainian people under the leadership of Bogdan Khmelnytsky against Polish rule for reunification with Russia
May 6 and 16, 1648 Victory of Bohdan Khmelnitsky over the Polish troops near Zhovti Vody and near Korsun
June 1-10, 1648 Uprising in Moscow (Salt Riot)
June 8, 1648 The first appeal of Bohdan Khmelnitsky to Moscow with a request to accept Ukraine into Russian citizenship
June-July 1648 Popular uprisings in Kozlov, Solvychegorodsk, Voronezh, Kursk, Veliky Ustyug and other cities
1649 Cathedral Code
1649-1652 Erofey Khabarov's campaigns in the Daurian Land along the river. Amur
1650 Popular uprisings in Novgorod and Pskov
1651 Zemsky Sobor on the annexation of Ukraine
1653 Trade Charter. The introduction of a single ruble duty. Zemsky Sobor on the annexation of Ukraine
1654 Monetary reform
January 8, 1654 Pereyaslav Council. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia
1654-1667 War of the Russian state with Poland for Ukraine
1656-1658 War of the Russian state with Sweden
21 June 1661 Peace of Cardis
July 25, 1662 Uprising in Moscow (Copper Riot)
1662-1665 Popular uprisings in Bashkiria and Western Siberia
1663-1664 Popular uprisings against the Polish gentry in the Right-Bank Ukraine
1665-1676 Hetmanship of Petro Doroshenko in the Right-Bank Ukraine
1666 Performance of the Don Cossacks under the leadership of Vasily Us
1667-1676 Solovetsky uprising
1668-1669 Stepan Razin's campaign in Iran (Persia) ("campaign for sashes")
1670-1671 Peasant war led by Stepan Razin
June 1670 Capture by the army of Stepan Razin Tsaritsyn and Astrakhan
October 1670 Defeat of the troops of Stepan Razin near Simbirsk
1671 Execution of Stepan Razin in Moscow
November 1671 Capture of Astrakhan by the tsarist troops
1676-1681 War of the Russian state with Turkey and Crimea for the Right-Bank Ukraine
1676-1682 The reign of Fyodor Alekseevich
1678-1679 Household census
January 3, 1681 Bakhchisaray peace of Russia with Turkey and the Crimean Khanate
January 12, 1682 Abolition of parochialism
April 27, 1682 Death of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich and accession of Peter Alekseevich
May 1682 Streltsy uprising
1686 The conclusion of the "Eternal Peace" with the Commonwealth
1687 Founding in Moscow of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, the prototype of future higher educational institutions in Russia
1687, 1689 Two unsuccessful campaigns under the command of V.V. Golitsyn against the Crimean Khanate
1695 Peter's first campaign near Azov
1695-1697 Vladimir Atlasov's campaign against Kamchatka and the conquest of Kamchatka
1696 Peter's second campaign under Azov
1696-1725 Reign of Peter I
1697-1700 War with Turkey for access to the sea
1698 Streltsy riot
1699 Establishment in Moscow of the City Hall and Zemstvo huts by city
July 5, 1699 Conclusion of an alliance against Sweden between Denmark, Russia and Saxony
1699-1705 Reform of the army recruiting system
1700 Defeat of Russian troops at Narva
January 1, 1700 Introduction of a new chronology
July 13, 1700 Peace treaty between Russia and Turkey
1700-1721 Northern War
1701 Opening of the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences
January 2, 1703 Publication of the first Russian newspaper Vedomosti in Moscow
May 16, 1703 Foundation of St. Petersburg
1704 Capture of Derpt, Narva and Ivan-gorod by Russian troops
1705-1706 Popular uprising in Astrakhan
1705-1711 Unrest of the Bashkirs, Tatars and Mari
1707 Peasant uprising in Samogitia (Lithuania)
1707-1708 Rebellion on the Don led by Kondraty Bulavin
September 28, 1708 The defeat of the Swedish corps Levenhaupt in the battle of Lesnaya
1708-1709 Establishment of provinces
June 27, 1709 The defeat of the Swedish army of Charles XII by the Russian troops in the Battle of Poltava
1710 Capture of Vyborg, Riga and Revel by Russian troops
1711 Establishment of the Senate. Discovery of the Kuril Islands by Kamchatka Cossacks
July 9, 1711 Battle on the river. Prut of the Russian and Turkish armies
July 12, 1711 Peace of Prut. Signed between Russia and Turkey
1712-1714 Actions of Russian troops in Finland. Capture of the Vaza Fortress. Occupation of the Åland Islands
1712-1716 Actions of Russian troops in Pomerania and Denmark. Capture of Stettin
June 13, 1713 Signing of the Peace of Adrianople between Russia and Turkey for a period of 25 years
March 23, 1714 Decree of single inheritance
July 27, 1714 Victory of the Russian fleet at Gangut. The first major battle won by the Russian navy
1715 Founding of the Naval Academy
1716 "Military Charter" of Peter I
1718 Beginning of the first poll census
1718-1721 Establishment of colleges
1719 Regional reform
1720 Establishment of the Chief Magistrate
July 27, 1720 Victory of the Russian fleet at Grengam
1721 Abolition of the patriarchate and establishment of the Synod
August 30, 1721 Treaty of Nystadt
October 22, 1721 Presentation of the title of Emperor by the Senate to Peter
1722 Decree on the organization of craft workshops
January 24, 1722 Creation of the "Table of Ranks"
February 5, 1722 Decree of succession to the throne
1722-1723 War between Russia and Iran (Persia). Accession to Russia of the western and southern shores of the Caspian Sea
June 1724 Treaty of Constantinople between Russia and Turkey on the delimitation of possessions in the Caucasus
1725 Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg
1725-1727 Reign of Catherine I
1725-1730 The first Kamchatka expedition of V. Bering
1726 Establishment of the Supreme Privy Council - the highest deliberative state institution in the Russian Empire
1727-1730 Reign of Peter II
1727-1734 Temporary restoration of the hetmanship in Ukraine (hetman Daniel Apostol)
October 21, 1727 Treaty of Kyakhta between Russia and China
January 19, 1730 Enthronement by the Supreme Privy Council of Anna Ioannovna and development of restrictive "Conditions"
1730-1740 Reign of Anna Ioannovna
1730 Abolition of the Supreme Privy Council
December 9, 1730 Decree on the abolition of single inheritance
1731 Establishment of the gentry cadet corps
January 21, 1732 Treaty of Resht between Russia and Persia; cession to Persia of the Caspian territories conquered by Peter I
1733-1735 Russia's participation in the war for the Polish throne
1733-1743 The second Kamchatka expedition of V. Bering
1735-1739 Russian-Turkish war
1735-1740 Bashkir uprisings
1736 Establishment of the Orenburg Cossack Army
December 31, 1736 Manifesto on the reduction of the term of noble service to 25 years
1736-1738 Capture of Perekop by Russian troops and campaigns in the Crimea
August 1739 The victory of the Russian army at Stavuchany and the capture of the Khotyn fortress
September 18, 1739 Treaty of Belgrade between Russia and Turkey: the end of the Russian-Turkish war of 1735-1739. Azov returned to Russia
November 8, 1740 The overthrow of the regent Biron and the proclamation of the regent Anna Leopoldovna
1740-1741 Reign of Ivan VI
November 25, 1741 Palace coup in favor of Elizabeth Petrovna
1741-1761 The reign of Elizabeth Petrovna
1741-1743 Russo-Swedish War
August 7, 1743 Abo peace treaty
1746 Prohibition for merchants and commoners to buy peasants
1753 Decree on the abolition of internal customs duties
1754 Establishment of the Noble and Merchant Loan Banks
1755 Revolt of the Bashkir people led by Batyrsha
1756 Establishment of the Russian theater in St. Petersburg. The beginning of the publication of "Moskovskie Vedomosti"
1757 Official establishment of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg (started operating in 1764)
1757-1762 Russia's participation in the Seven Years' War
1759 Victory of Russian troops over the Prussians at Kunersdorf
September 28, 1760 Occupation of Berlin by Russian troops
Decree 13, 1760 Decree allowing landowners to exile peasants to settle in Siberia with their credit for recruits
1761-1762 Reign of Peter III
February 18, 1762 Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility
March 21, 1762 Decree on the secularization of church and monastery estates
April 24, 1762 Conclusion of peace and alliance with Peter III with Frederick II
June 28, 1762 Coup in favor of Catherine II
1762-1796 Reign of Catherine II
1764 Destruction of the Hetmanate and appointment of Count P.A. Rumyantsev "Little Russian" Governor-General
1765 Foundation of the Free Economic Society in St. Petersburg
1767-1768 Order of Catherine II and the activities of the Great Commission for the preparation of a new Code
1768-1774 Russian-Turkish war
1770 Victory of the Russian troops under the command of P.A. Rumyantsev at Largo and Cahul
1771 Capture of Perekop, breakthrough of Russian troops into the Crimea
1772 Cossack uprising on Yaik First partition of the Commonwealth between Russia, Prussia and Austria
1773-1775 Peasant war led by E.I. Pugacheva
July 10, 1774 Peace of Kyuchuk-Kainarji
August 25, 1774 The defeat of the army of Emelyan Pugachev at the Salnikov Plant
January 10, 1775 Execution of Emelyan Pugachev in Moscow
March 17, 1775 Manifesto for the Free Establishment of Industrial Enterprises
November 7, 1775 "Establishment for the administration of provinces"
February 28, 1780 Declaration of "armed neutrality"
April 8, 1783 Annexation of Crimea to Russia
May 3, 1783 Decree on the enslavement of peasants in Ukraine
1783-1784 Foundation of Sevastopol as a naval port and fortress
April 21, 1785 "Charter to the nobility" and "letter to the cities" of the Russian Empire
1786 Secularization of church and monastic properties in the Left-bank Ukraine. Charter of public schools and the beginning of school reform
October 1, 1787 Victory of Russian troops near Kinburn
1787-1791 Russian-Turkish war
1788 Establishment of the Black Sea Cossack Army
December 6, 1788 Capture of Ochakov by Russian troops
1788-1790 Russo-Swedish war
1789 Victory A.V. Suvorov at Focsani and Rymnik
December 11, 1790 The capture of A.V. Suvorov Turkish fortress Izmail
1791 Victory of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov under Babadag and Machin
December 29, 1791 Peace of Jassy between Russia and Turkey
1792 Severance of diplomatic relations with revolutionary France
1793 Second partition of the Commonwealth
1796-1797 War of Russia with Persia (Iran)
1796-1801 Reign of Paul I
March 12, 1801 Palace coup. Assassination of Paul I. Accession to the throne of Alexander I
1801-1825 Reign of Emperor Alexander I
1801 Manifesto on the annexation of Georgia to Russia
1802 Replacement of colleges by ministries
1803 Decree on free cultivators
1804-1813 Russo-Persian War
1805-1806 Accession to Russia of the khanates of Northern Azerbaijan
1805-1807 Russian wars in alliance with Austria, England and Sweden against Napoleonic France
1806-1812 Russian-Turkish war
February 8, 1807 Battle of the French with Russian and Prussian troops at Preussisch-Eylau
June 14, 1807 Defeat of the Russian and Prussian troops at Friedland
July 7, 1807 Treaty of Tilsit Russia, France and Prussia
1808-1809 Russo-Swedish war
1809 Peace of Friedrichsham between Russia and Sweden
May 16, 1812 Peace of Bucharest with Turkey
June 12, 1812 Napoleon's army invades Russia
August 26, 1812 Battle of Borodino
October 12, 1812 Battle of Russian troops with the French at Maloyaroslavets
October 12, 1813 Peace of Gulistan between Russia and Persia
October 16-19, 1813 Battle of Leipzig during the war of Russia, Prussia, Austria and Sweden against Napoleonic France ("Battle of the Nations")
1813-1814 Campaign of the Russian army in Western Europe
March 31, 1814 Allied troops enter Paris
1816 Founding in Russia of the first secret society "Union of Salvation"
1816-1819 Peasant reform in the Baltic provinces
1818-1820 Peasant uprisings in the Don and Ukraine
1818-1821 Formation of the "Union of Welfare" - a secret revolutionary society
1819-1821 Russian expedition of F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev to Antarctica
1820 Unrest in the Semyonovsky Guards Regiment in St. Petersburg
1821 Creation of the Northern and Southern secret societies of the Decembrists
1823 Organization of the secret Society of United Slavs
December 14, 1825 Decembrist uprising in St. Petersburg
December 29, 1825 -
January 3, 1826 The uprising of the Chernigov regiment in Ukraine
1825-1855 Reign of Nicholas I
July 13, 1826 Execution of five Decembrists: P.I. Pestel, S.I. Muravyov-Apostol, M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, K.F. Ryleeva, P.G. Kakhovsky
1826 Ackerman Convention between Russia and Turkey
1826-1828 Russo-Persian War
1827 London convention of Russia, England and France on aid to Greece
February 20, 1828 Turkmenchay peace of Russia with Persia
1828-1829 Russian-Turkish war
September 2, 1829 Treaty of Adrianople between Russia and Turkey
1830-1831 Rise of the mass anti-feudal movement. "Cholera Riots"
1833 Unkar-Iskelesi Treaty of a defensive alliance between Russia and Turkey
1837-1841 Reform of the management of state peasants in Russia (reform of P.D. Kiselev)
1839-1840 Khiva campaign of General V.A. Perovsky
1845-1849 Activities of M.V. Petrashevsky in St. Petersburg
1851 Opening of the Nikolaev railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow
October 4, 1853 Beginning of the Crimean War
November 18, 1853 The victory of the Russian fleet in the battle of Sinop
March 15-16, 1854 England and France declared war on Russia September 1854 - August 1855 Defense of Sevastopol
January 26, 1855 First Russo-Japanese treaty
November 16, 1855 Capture of Kars by Russian troops
1855-1881 Reign of Alexander II
March 18, 1856 Signing of the Paris Peace Treaty between Russia, France, Great Britain, Turkey, Sardinia, Austria and Prussia
1857-1867 Publication in London of the first Russian revolutionary newspaper "The Bell". Publishers - A.I. Herzen and P.N. Ogarev
1860 Establishment of the State Bank
1861 The fall of serfdom in Russia autumn 1861 The foundation of the secret society "Land and Freedom"
1861-1863 The rise of the peasant movement in connection with the reform.
1863 University reform. New university charter
1863-1864 Uprising in the Kingdom of Poland, Lithuania and Western Belarus
1863-1866 Activities of the revolutionary group N.A. Ishuina
1864 Founding of the St. Petersburg private commercial bank - the first joint-stock bank in Russia Zemstvo reform. Judicial reform in Russia
1865 Capture of Tashkent by Russian troops. The beginning of the accession of Central Asia to Russia
April 4, 1866 Assassination attempt on D.V. Karakozov on Alexander II
1867 Formation of the Turkestan Governor General. Treaty on the sale of Alaska to the United States of America
1869 Opening of the first women's courses in St. Petersburg
1869-1874 Activities of the revolutionary populist group "Chaikovites" in St. Petersburg and some other cities
1870 Founding of the Russian Section of the First International. Strike at the Neva paper spinning mill in St. Petersburg
1872-1873 The activities of the circle of A.V. Dolgushin in St. Petersburg and Moscow
1873 The conclusion of the "Union of the Three Emperors" - a set of agreements between Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary
1873-1875 Industrial crisis in Russia
1875 Activities of the "South Russian Union of Workers" in Odessa
1876 Foundation of the populist organization "land and freedom"
1877-1878 Russian-Turkish war January 1878 Assassination attempt on V.I. Zasulich on the St. Petersburg mayor D.F. Trepova
March 1878 Signing of the Treaty of San Stefano between Russia and Turkey
1879 Assassination attempt by A.K. Solovyov on Alexander II
1880 Explosion in the Winter Palace by S. Khalturin - assassination attempt on Alexander II
1881 Manifesto on the inviolability of autocracy. Regulations on measures for the protection of state security and public peace. Mandatory buyout laws and redemption reduction laws
March 1, 1881 Assassination of Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya
1882 Establishment of the Peasant Land Bank
1882-1883 The final defeat of the executive committee of the "Narodnaya Volya"
1883 Foundation of the first Russian Marxist organization abroad - the "Emancipation of Labor" group - headed by G.V. Plekhanov. The emergence in St. Petersburg of the social-democratic group of D. Blagoev
1885 Strike of workers at the factory of S.T. Morozov in Orekhovo-Zuev (Morozov strike). Establishment of the Noble Bank. Completion of the accession of Central Asia to Russia. Night Work Prohibition Act for Women and Teenagers
1885-1888 The activities of the P.V. Tochissky (Association of St. Petersburg Craftsmen) of the social-democratic direction
1886 Laws on peasant family divisions, on hiring for agricultural work, on the transfer of state peasants for redemption. Opening of the Transcaucasian Railway
March 1, 1887 Assassination attempt by A.I. Ulyanova, P.Ya. Shevyreva and others on Alexander III
1888-1889 Social Democratic circles N.Ye. Fedoseev in Kazan
1889 Zemstvo Chiefs Act
1889-1892 Activities of the social-democratic “M.I. Brusnev" in St. Petersburg
1890 Zemstvo counter-reform. New regulation on zemstvo institutions
1891 Protectionist customs tariff
April 15, 1891 Demonstration at the funeral of N.V. Shelgunov in St. Petersburg
May 5, 1891 The first Russian May Day in St. Petersburg
1891-1892 Famine in many provinces of European Russia
1891-1905 Construction of the Siberian railway
1892 City counter-reform
1893 Law on the restriction of the right to dispose of allotment lands
1894 Death of Alexander III, accession to the throne of Nicholas II
1895 Creation in St. Petersburg of the "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class" headed by V.I. Lenin
1896 Russian-Chinese agreement on the union and construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway
1897 January strike in St. Petersburg. Monetary reform in Russia. The first general population census in Russia. Working hours law
1897-1898 Formation of the "Unions of struggle for the liberation of the working class" in Moscow, Kyiv, Yekaterinoslav
March 1-3, 1898 First Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party (RSDLP) in Minsk
1899 Mass student riots in Russia
1900 Publication of the first issue of the Social Democratic newspaper Iskra abroad
1900-1903 Industrial crisis in Russia
1901 Strike at the Obukhov plant in St. Petersburg ("Obukhov defense")
1902 Formation of the Socialist-Revolutionary (Socialist-Revolutionary) Party
March 9, 1902 Mass political demonstration in Batumi
November 2-26, 1902 General strike in Rostov
July 1903 General strike in southern Russia
July 17 - August 10, 1903 Second Congress of the RSDLP (in Brussels, then in London)
1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War
July 17 - December 20, 1904 Defense of the fortress of Port Arthur
August 13-21, 1904 Liaoyang battle
December 13-31, 1904 General strike in Baku
January 9, 1905 "Bloody Sunday", the beginning of the first bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia
February 6-25, 1905 Battle of Mukden. Major defeat of the Russian army during the Russo-Japanese War
April 12-27, 1905 Third Congress of the RSDLP in London, convened by supporters of Lenin. Not recognized by the Mensheviks
May 12 - June 1, 1905 General strike in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Formation of the first Soviet of Workers' Deputies
May 14-15, 1905 Naval battle near the island of Tsushima. The defeat of the Russian squadron
June 1905 General strike in Łódź, which developed into an armed uprising
June 14-24, 1905 Uprising on the battleship "Prince Potemkin Tauride"
July 31 - August 1, 1905 First Congress of the All-Russian Peasants' Union in Moscow
August 6, 1905 Publication of the regulation on the convocation of a deliberative State Duma (named after the initiator
known as the Bulyginskaya Duma)
23 August 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth with Japan
October 7, 1905 Beginning of the All-Russian political strike
October 12-18, 1905 Founding Congress of the Constitutional Democratic (Cadet) Party in Moscow
October 13, 1905 The first meeting of the St. Petersburg Council
October 17, 1905 Manifesto "On the improvement
state order"
November 21, 1905 The first meeting of the Moscow Council
December 7, 1905 Beginning of the general political strike in
Moscow
December 9-19, 1905 Armed uprising in Moscow
April 10-25, 1906 IV (Unification) Congress of the RSDLP in
Stock-
holme
April 27 -
July 8, 1906 I State Duma
July 17-20, 1906 Uprising of soldiers and sailors in Sveaborg,
Kronstadt and Reval
November 9, 1906 Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community (beginning
Stolypin agrarian reform)
February 20 - June 2, 1907 II State Duma
April 30 -
May 19, 1907 Fifth (London) Congress of the RSDLP
June 3, 1907 Coup d'état: crackdown II
State Duma, the new electoral law. End
revolutions of 1905-1907
November 1, 1907 -
June 9, 1912 III State Duma
June 14, 1910 Law "On the amendment and addition of certain
regulations on peasant land ownership"
August 6, 1911 Potsdam agreement between Russia and
Germany
January 5-17, 1912 Sixth (Prague) All-Russian Conference
RSDLP
April 4, 1912 Lena massacre
May 5, 1912 Publication of the first issue of the Bolshevik legal
newspaper "Pravda"
15th of November
1912 -
October 6, 1917 IV State Duma
1912-1914 Polar expedition G.Ya. Sedov
July 1914 General strike and barricade battles in St. Petersburg
July 19, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia. Start
World War I
July 24, 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
August 4 -
September 2, 1914 East Prussian operation ended
military setbacks for Russia
October 20, 1914 Turkey's entry into the war with Russia
March-April 1915 Russian Agreement with England and France
about the Black Sea Straits
February 23, 1917 Demonstration of Petrograd workers against
famine, war and tsarism. The beginning of the February bourgeois
democratic revolution in Petrograd
February 25, 1917
Petro-
city in a general political strike
February 26
1917 The beginning of the transition of troops to the side of the revolutionaries
February 27, 1917 Second bourgeois-democratic revolution
in Russia: the overthrow of the autocracy, the formation of the Petrograd
Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, Provisional Committee
State Duma
March 2, 1917 Abdication of Nicholas II from the throne. Education
Provisional revolutionary government headed by Prince G.E.
Lvov
March 16, 1917 Recognition by the Provisional Government
independence of Poland
April 24-29, 1917 Seventh Conference of the RSDLP(b)
May 5, 1917 Formation of a coalition government
June 3-24, 1917 Support by the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets
government policy and the rejection of Bolshevik demands for
cessation of the war and transfer of power to the Soviets
July 3-5, 1917 Spontaneous performances of soldiers, sailors and
workers actively supported by the Bolsheviks
26 July -
August 3, 1917 VI Congress of the RSDLP (b)
12th of August
1917 Convocation of the State Conference in Moscow
August 25-30, 1917 The beginning of the movement of troops L.G. Kornilov
to Petrograd demanding the resignation of the Provisional Government
October 10, 1917 Meeting of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b), which adopted a resolution
about the armed uprising
October 12, 1917 Creation of the Military Revolutionary Committee under
Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
October 25, 1917 Appeal "To the citizens of Russia"
October 26, 1917 Approval of the Decree on Peace by the II Congress of Soviets
and the Land Decree. Formation of a new Russian government -
Council of People's Commissars (SNK) headed by V.I. Lenin
27th October -
November 2, 1917 Uprising in Moscow. Soviet victory
October 29, 1917 Decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the introduction of an 8-hour working day
November 2, 1917 Adoption of the SNK "Declaration of the rights of peoples
Russia"
November 8, 1917 Note of the Council of People's Commissars to the governments and peoples of the warring
countries with a proposal to conclude a truce and start negotiations on
November 10, 1917 Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the destruction of estates and civil
Danish ranks
November 14, 1917 The All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted the regulation on workers' control
November 15, 1917 Merger of the Provisional Executive Committee
Soviets of Peasants' Deputies with the All-Russian Central Executive Committee
Soviets
November 20, 1917 Beginning of negotiations in Brest-Litovsk between
the Soviet delegation and the delegations of the countries of the Austrian
German bloc for an armistice
November 22, 1917 Decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the organization of courts and the establishment
revolutionary tribunals
December 2, 1917 Decree on the organization of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars
December 7, 1917 Decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the creation of the Cheka
December 11-12, 1917 I All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets in
Kharkov. Proclamation of Ukraine by the Soviet Republic
December 14, 1917 Nationalization of banks
December 31, 1917 Recognition of independence by the Council of People's Commissars
Finland
January 5-6, 1918 Convocation and dissolution of the Constituent Assembly
January 10-18, 1918 III All-Russian Congress of Workers' Soviets,
soldiers' and peasants' deputies. Adoption of the Declaration of Rights
working and exploited people"
January 15, 1918 Decree on the creation of the Workers
Peasant Red Army (RKKA)
January 27, 1918 Recognition by Germany and Austria-Hungary
independence of Ukraine
January 29, 1918 Creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet
February 1 (14), 1918 Introduction to the RSFSR chronology according to
Gregorian calendar ("new style")
February 18, 1918 The offensive of the Austro-German troops
March 3, 1918 Signing of the peace treaty in Brest-Litovsk
with Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Tur-
March 9, 1918 Proclamation by the executive committee of the All-Belarusian Rada
Congress in Minsk, the creation of an independent state -
Belarusian People's Republic
March 12, 1918 The Soviet government moves to Moscow
March 14, 1918 The beginning of the intervention of the Entente countries in the north
Russia
April 23, 1918 Decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the introduction of a monopoly of foreign
trade
April 29, 1918 Beginning of the occupation of Ukraine by German
troops
May 25, 1918 The beginning of the rebellion of the Czechoslovak Corps
May 26, 1918 The collapse of the Transcaucasian Democratic
federal republic and the proclamation of the independence of Georgia,
Armenia and Azerbaijan (May 28)
May 29, 1918 Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on compulsory recruitment
workers in the Red Army
June 8, 1918 Formation of the Committee of members of the Constituent
meetings in Samara
June 11, 1918 Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the creation of committees of the poor
(kombedov)
June 13, 1918 Creation of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Eastern Front
July 4-10, 1918 V All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Adoption
Constitution of the RSFSR
July 6-7, 1918 Left SR rebellion in Moscow
July 16, 1918 The execution of the royal family in Yekaterinburg
July 28, 1918 Decree on nationalization adopted by the Council of People's Commissars
big industry
August 2, 1918 Anglo-American landing in
Arkhangelsk
August 14, 1918 English landing in Baku. The fall
Baku commune (the leaders of the commune - 26 Baku commissars - were shot on September 20
October 1918)
August 15-16, 1918 American landing in
Vladivostok
September 5, 1918 Announcement in the country of the "Red Terror"
29th of October -
November 4, 1918 I All-Russian Congress of the Komsomol
(Communist Youth League) in Moscow
November 13, 1918 Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the annulment
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in connection with the revolution in Germany
December 7, 1918 Recognition of the Estonian independence of the SNK
Soviet Republic
December 14, 1918 The fall of the pro-German government
Central Rada in Ukraine
December 22, 1918 Recognition of the Council of People's Commissars of the independence of the Soviet Republic
the public of Latvia and the Lithuanian Soviet Republic
January 1, 1919 Formation of the Belarusian Soviet
Socialist Republic (BSSR)
January 16, 1919 Declaration of war by the Central Rada of Ukraine
Soviet Russia
March 2-6, 1919 I Congress of the Communist International
March 18-23, 1919 VIII Congress of the RCP (b), which adopted a new program
party and changed its former name (RSDLP)
April 15, 1919 The beginning of the creation of corrective labor
Gulag camps
April 24, 1919 The overthrow of the Soviet government in Lithuania
May 1919 The defeat of the armies of Admiral A.V. Kolchak in the south of Russia
June 1, 1919 Adoption by an expanded meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee
Decree on the unification of the Soviet republics of Russia, Ukraine,
Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus to combat armed intervention
September 19, 1919 The evacuation of the military units of the Entente from
Arkhangelsk
September 25, 1919 Explosion in Leontievsky Lane in Moscow -
terrorist act in the building of the Moscow Committee of the RCP(b)
October 1919 The Entente countries declare an economic
blockade of Soviet power
October 11, 1919 The beginning of the counteroffensive of the Red Army against
armies A.I. Denikin
October-
November 1919 Campaign and defeat of the White Guard Corps
N.N. Yudenich near Petrograd. Liberation of Voronezh and Kursk from
armies A.I. Denikin
February 2, 1920 Signing of a peace treaty between the RSFSR
and Estonia
25th of April
1920 Beginning of the Soviet-Polish war
May 6, 1920 The beginning of the counteroffensive of the Red Army against
Polish troops
July 8, 1920 US announcement of an embargo on
trade with the RSFSR
July 12, 1920 Signing of an agreement between Lithuania and the RSFSR.
Recognition of Lithuanian independence
July 19, 1920 Establishment of the All-Russian Emergency
commissions for the eradication of illiteracy
August 11, 1920 Signing in Riga of an agreement between the RSFSR and
Latvia. Recognition of the independence of Latvia
August 16, 1920 The beginning of the counteroffensive of the Polish army under
Warsaw
August 26, 1920 The adoption of the decree on education by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars
Kirghiz ASSR
October 14, 1920 Signing in Tartu of an agreement between the RSFSR and
Finland
November 17, 1920 The liberation of the Crimea from the Whites.
End of the Civil War
December 22-29, 1920 VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets.
Adoption of the GOELRO plan
December 28, 1920
military, maritime, foreign affairs of Ukraine and the RSFSR
February 22, 1921 Formation of the State Planning Committee
February 24, 1921 Workers' strike in Petrograd
February 26 -
March 18, 1921 Kronstadt rebellion
March 8-16, 1921 X Congress of the RCP (b). The decision to move to a new
economic policy
March 18, 1921 Treaty of Riga between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR,
on the one hand, and Poland on the other
October 13, 1921 Treaty of Kars between the Armenian,
Azerbaijan and Georgian Soviet Republics and Turkey
with the participation of the RSFSR
April 3, 1922 Election by the plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) I.V. Stalin
General Secretary
April 10th -
May 19, 1922 Genoa conference with the participation of Great Britain,
Belgium, Italy, RSFSR, France and other countries
April 16, 1922 Signing of the Treaty of Rapallo between
RSFSR and Germany on the restoration of diplomatic relations
June 15 -
July 19, 1922 Participation of the RSFSR in the work of the Hague Conference
October 25, 1922 The liberation of Vladivostok from the Japanese
interventions
December 30, 1922 I Congress of Soviets of the USSR. Formation of the USSR
December 31, 1922 Accession of Azerbaijan to the USSR
April 17-25, 1923 XII Congress of the RCP (b)
July 6, 1923 Formation of the Labor and Defense Council (STO).
V.I. becomes the chairman of the STO. Lenin
October 15, 1923 "Letter 46". Document signed 46
leaders of the RCP(b) at various levels, with criticism
internal party position, economic and political course
Central Committee of the RCP(b)
January 21, 1924 Death of V.I. Lenin
January 26 -
February 2
1924 II Congress of Soviets of the USSR
January 31, 1924 Approval of the first Constitution of the USSR
February 2, 7, 15, 25, 1924 Establishment of diplomatic
relations between the USSR and England, Italy, Norway, Austria
March 8, 18, 1924 Establishment of diplomatic relations
between the USSR and Germany, Sweden
May 23-31, 1924 XIII Congress of the RCP (b)
May 31, 1924 Establishment of diplomatic relations
between the USSR and China
October 28, 1924 Establishment of diplomatic relations
between the USSR and France
January 21, 1925 Recognition of the USSR by Japan. Latest Japanese
troops left the Far East
December 18-31, 1925 XIV Congress of the RCP (b)
April 24, 1926 The conclusion of the Soviet-German agreement on
non-aggression and neutrality
27th October -
November 2, 1926 Adoption at the XV Party Conference
Stalin's thesis about "building socialism in one single
country"
December 1926 Reorganization of the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR: creation of branch
glavkov
May 27, 1927 Great Britain breaks trade and
diplomatic relations with the USSR
December 2-19, 1927 XV Congress of the CPSU (b)
January 1928 Start of emergency policy
in order to withdraw the "surplus" of bread in the village
January 18, 1929 Expulsion of L.D. Trotsky from the USSR
April 23-29, 1929 XVI conference of the CPSU (b). Adoption
first five year plan
January 5, 1930 Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On the pace
collectivization and measures of state assistance to the collective farm
construction"
March 14, 1930 Decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "On the fight against
curvature of the party line in the collective-farm movement"
June 26 -
July 13, 1930 XVI Congress of the CPSU (b)
July 25, 1930 Decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the introduction of universal
primary education
January 30 -
February 4, 1931 I All-Union Conference of Workers
industrial enterprises
August 2, 1931 Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On the pace of further
collectivization and the tasks of strengthening collective farms"
October 3, 1932 Formation of the Union of Soviet Composers
April 23, 1932 In accordance with the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b)
the dissolution of all writers' organizations. Creation of a single Union
Soviet writers
June 25, 1932 Non-aggression pact between the USSR and Poland
November 29, 1932 The signing of the Soviet-French pact on
non-aggression
December 1932 Introduction of the passport system in the USSR
January 7-12, 1933 Adoption by the plenum of the Central Committee and the Central
the control commission of the CPSU (b) of the decision on the results of the first
five-year plan and the national economic plan of 1933 - the first year
second five-year plan
February 15-19, 1933 I All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers -
drummers
July 28, 1933 Establishment of diplomatic relations
between the USSR and Spain
September 2, 1933 Signing of a treaty of friendship, non-aggression and
neutrality between the USSR and Italy
November 16, 1933 Establishment of diplomatic relations
between the USSR and the USA
January 26 -
February 10, 1934 XVII Congress of the CPSU (b)
August 17 -
September 1, 1934 I All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers
September 18, 1934 USSR joins the League of Nations
September 28, 1934 Commissioning of Novokramatorsk
machine-building plant
December 1
1934 Murder of S.M. Kirov
February 11-19, 1935 II All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers -
drummers
March 23, 1935 Agreement between the USSR and the Manchukuo regime
Guo on the sale of the Chinese Eastern Railway to China
May 2, 1935 Signing of the Soviet-French treaty on
mutual aid
May 16, 1935 Signing of the Soviet-Czechoslovak treaty on
mutual aid
July 7, 1935 Adoption of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of the resolution "On the issuance of
agricultural artels of state acts for an indefinite
(perpetual) use of land"
July 25 -
August 20, 1935 VII Congress of the Comintern
August 30-31, 1935 The beginning of the Stakhanov movement
September 22, 1935 Introduction to the Red Army officer ranks
June 12, 1936 Publication of the draft Constitution of the USSR for
nationwide discussion
August 19-24, 1936 Open trial in Moscow
against the so-called "Trotskyist-Zinovievist
terrorist center"
November 25 -
December 5, 1936 Extraordinary VIII All-Union Congress of Soviets.
Adoption of the new ("Stalinist") Constitution of the USSR. transformation
Kazakh and Kyrgyz Autonomous Republics to Union
republics
January 23-30, 1937 Open trial in Moscow
"Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center"
February 23 -
March 5, 1937
preparation of party organizations for elections to the Supreme Soviet
USSR under the new electoral system. The Plenum considered the issue of
“anti-party activities of N.I. Bukharin and A.I. Rykov" and
Decided to intensify the fight against "enemies of the people"
May 11, 1937 Beginning of the purge in the Red Army
June 11, 1937 Closed trial in Moscow for
accusing the country's top military leaders of treason
counterrevolutionary and espionage activities. Marshal M.N.
Tukhachevsky and a number of Red Army generals were sentenced to
execution
June 18-20, July 12-14, 1937 Non-stop flights of pilots
V.P. Chkalova
and M.M. Gromov to the USA via the North Pole
September 6, 1937 Protest note of the Soviet government
to the Italian government in connection with the sinking of Soviet ships in
mediterranean sea
December 12, 1937 The first elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
January 12, 1938 Opening of the 1st session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 1-
th convocation
March 2-13, 1938 Third open trial in Moscow
against a group of former leaders of the party and state -
"Anti-Soviet Right-Trotsky Bloc". All the accused were
shot
March 17, 1938 Statement of the People's Commissar of Foreign
cases M.M. Litvinov that the USSR is ready to provide assistance
Czechoslovakia in the event of aggression by Nazi Germany
June 9, 1938 Signing by the USSR, Poland and Romania
agreements on guarantees of state borders between them
July 29 -
August 11, 1938 The defeat of the Red Army near Lake Khasan
Japanese troops invading the territory of the USSR
February 2, 1939 Freezing of the USSR diplomatic
relations with Hungary in connection with its accession to
"Anti-Comintern Pact" led by Germany
March 10-21, 1939 XVIII Congress of the CPSU (b)
March 19, 1939 Publication of the note by the Soviet government
Germany with a declaration of non-recognition of the USSR
German occupation of part of the territory of Czechoslovakia
May 11 -
August 31, 1939 Japanese attack on the territory of the Mongolian
People's Republic in the area of the Khalkhin Gol river
August 23, 1939 Soviet-German non-aggression pact
for a period of 10 years
September 1, 1939 Adoption by the extraordinary IV session of the Supreme
Council of the USSR "Law on universal conscription"
September 15, 1939 The conclusion of an agreement between the USSR and Japan on
mutual recognition of the borders of the Mongolian People's Republic
September 17, 1939 In accordance with the secret articles of the Soviet
of the German non-aggression pact, the entry of Soviet troops into
territory of Poland
September 18, 1939 Exit of the USSR troops to the border of Poland,
determined in 1921
September 19, 1939 The entrance of the Red Army to Vilnius, the blockade
Soviet ships of the coast of Estonia
September 22, 1939 Joint parade of Soviet and German
troops in Brest-Litovsk, which marked the end of the operation
partition of Poland
September 28, 1939 The signing of the Soviet-German agreement on
friendship and border between the USSR and Germany
September 29, 1939 The signing of an agreement by the USSR and Estonia on
mutual cooperation
November 1-2, 1939 The entry of Western Ukraine and Western
Belarus to the USSR
November 30, 1939 Soviet troops crossing the border
Finland. The beginning of the Soviet-Finnish war
December 4, 1939 Not accepted by the Soviet government
Finnish proposals to start peace negotiations
December 11, 1939 Speech by the League of Nations with a proposal to
USSR to begin negotiations on the settlement of relations with
Finland. The USSR rejected this proposal
December 13, 1939 Declaration by the League of Nations of the USSR as a country
aggressor. December 13 USSR is expelled from the League of Nations
December 30, 1939 Military defeat of the Red Army in battle
near Lake Ladoga in Finland
February 11, 1940 The beginning of the offensive of the Red Army on the Finnish
defensive line - "Mannerheim Line"
February 12, 1940 Signing of the Soviet-German trade
agreements on the exchange of German equipment and metal for Soviet
food
March 12, 1940 Signing in Moscow of the Soviet-Finnish do-
dialect. The end of the Soviet-Finnish war
June 15-17, 1940 The introduction of Soviet troops into Lithuania; education
People's Government of Lithuania
June 20, 1940 The introduction of Soviet troops into Latvia;
formation of a people's democratic government
June 21, 1940 The overthrow of the Estonian government by
Soviet troops; formation of a people's government
June 26, 1940 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On
transition to an 8-hour work day, a 7-day work week and
on the prohibition of unauthorized departure of workers and employees from enterprises
and institutions"
June 28, 1940 Romania returns Bessarabia and Northern
Bukovina USSR
July 21, 1940 Restoration of Soviet power in the states
the Baltics; formation of the Latvian, Lithuanian
and the Estonian SSR
August 2, 1940 Formation of the Moldavian SSR
August 3-6, 1940 Adoption of the Lithuanian, Latvian
and the Estonian SSR
January 10, 1941 Conclusion between the USSR and Germany
agreements on the supply of grain from the USSR
February 15-20, 1941 XVIII conference of the CPSU (b)
March 25, 1941 Signing of the Soviet-Turkish Treaty on
mutual neutrality
April 12, 1941 Termination of diplomatic relations by the USSR
with Hungary, accusing her of aggression
April 13, 1941 Signing of the Soviet-Japanese Treaty on
mutual neutrality
May 9, 1941 Recognition of the Yugoslav, Belgian and
Norwegian Governments in Exile (London)
June 14, 1941 TASS dissemination of a statement that
information about the concentration of German troops on the borders of the USSR
is a provocation
June 22, 1941 Germany's perfidious attack on the USSR.
Appeal of the Soviet government to the people. Decree of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the mobilization of conscripts born
1905-1918
22nd of June -
July 20, 1941 Heroic defense of the Brest Fortress
June 30, 1941 Creation of the State Defense Committee
(GKO)
July 10 -
September 10, 1941 Battle of Smolensk
July 11 -
September 19, 1941 Heroic defense of Kyiv
July 16, 1941 The introduction of the institution of military commissars in
Red Army
5th of August -
October 16, 1941 Heroic defense of Odessa
August 8, 1941 Appointment of I.V. Stalin Supreme
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR
September 8, 1941 Beginning of the blockade of Leningrad by fascist troops
scam
September 29 - October 1
1941 Conference of representatives of the USSR, USA and Great Britain in
Moscow
September 30, 1941 Beginning of the Battle of Moscow
October 30, 1941 - July 4, 1942 Heroic defense of Sevastopol
November 22, 1941 Opening of the ice track across Lake Ladoga
to Leningrad ("road of life")
December 5-6, 1941 The defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow
January 1, 1942 Signing of Declaration 26 in Washington
states for a joint struggle against the states of the Triple
pact (Germany-Italy-Japan)
May 26, 1942 Signing in London of an agreement between the USSR and
Great Britain about an alliance in the war against Nazi Germany and its
accomplices in Europe and on cooperation and mutual assistance after
wars
May 30, 1942 Establishment of the Central Headquarters of the partisan
movements in the USSR
June 11, 1942 Signing of an agreement in Washington between
USSR and USA on the principles applicable to mutual assistance in
waging war against aggression
July 17, 1942 - February 2
1943 Battle of Stalingrad
July 28, 1942 Order No. 227 "Not a step back!"
October 9, 1942 The abolition of the institution of military commissars in
Red Army
January 12-30, 1943 Breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad
February 1943 Introduction by the Nazi authorities
labor service for the population of the occupied regions
Soviet Union
April 25, 1943 Rupture by the Soviet government
diplomatic relations with Polish emigrants
government
May 9, 1943 Beginning of formation at the initiative of the Union
Polish patriots in the USSR of the 1st Polish division. T. Kosciuszko
June 10, 1943 Dissolution by decision of the Presidium of the Executive Committee
Comintern of all organs of the Communist International
5'th of July -
August 27, 1943 Battle of Kursk
August 3rd -
November 1, 1943 "Rail war": a powerful blow to the Soviet
partisans on the enemy's railway communications
August 21, 1943 Decree of the Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) "On urgent
measures to restore the economy in areas freed from
German occupation"
October 19-30, 1943 Moscow Ministerial Conference
Foreign Affairs of the USSR, USA and Great Britain
November 28 -
December 1, 1943 Tehran Conference of Heads of Government
USSR, USA and UK
January 14 -
March 1, 1944 The defeat of the Nazi troops near Leningrad and
Novgorod
January 24 - February 27, 1944
Shevchenko's grouping of the enemy
March 26, 1944 The withdrawal of Soviet troops to the state
border of the USSR along the Prut River
June 23 -
August 29, 1944 Belarusian operation of the Red Army
August 20, 1944 Beginning of the Iasi-Kishinev Red Army operation
armies
August 23-24, 1944 Withdrawal of Romania from the war with the USSR and
September 4, 1944 Finland's exit from the war with the USSR, breaking it
relations with Germany
September 9-10, 1944 Withdrawal of Bulgaria from the war with the USSR and
her declaration of war on Nazi Germany
October 20, 1944 Liberation by Soviet troops and troops
People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia Belgrade
January 2-5, 1945 Recognition of the USSR Provisional Polish
government and the establishment of Soviet-Polish diplomatic
relations
January 12, 1945 Beginning of the Vistula-Oder operation of the Red
armies
February 4-11, 1945 Crimean Conference (in Yalta)
governments of the USSR, Great Britain and the USA
February 13, 1945 The defeat of the Red Army of Budapest
enemy groupings
April 5, 1945 Denunciation by the Soviet government of the pact on
neutrality with Japan
April 16 -
May 8, 1945 Berlin operation of the Red Army
April 25, 1945 Meeting of Soviet and American troops in
Torgau (on the river Elbe)
25th of April -
June 25, 1945 Participation of the USSR in the United Nations Conference in
San Francisco
May 8, 1945 Signing of the act of unconditional surrender
German armed forces
May 9, 1945 Victory Day over Nazi Germany
June 24, 1945 Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square
June 29, 1945 Treaty between the USSR and Czechoslovakia on
reunification of Transcarpathian Ukraine with the Ukrainian SSR
July 17th -
August 2, 1945 Berlin conference (in Potsdam)
leaders of the three allied powers - the USSR, Great Britain and
USA
August 9, 1945 The entry of the USSR, according to the allied
obligations, in the war with Japan
August 18, 1945 The landing of Soviet troops on the Kuril
islands
August 22, 1945 The landing of Soviet airborne troops in Port
Arthur (Lu-shun) and Far (Dalian)
September 2, 1945 Signing in Tokyo by representatives of Japan
the act of unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces
September 4, 1945 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on
the abolition of the State Defense Committee in connection with the end
the end of the war and the end of the state of emergency in the country
March 15, 1946 Adoption of the law on the transformation of the Council
People's Commissars of the USSR to the Council of Ministers of the USSR and Soviets
People's Commissars of the Union and Autonomous Republics to the Soviets
Ministers of the Union and Autonomous Republics
March 18, 1946 Adoption of the Law by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
"On the five-year plan for the restoration and development of the national economy
USSR for 1946-1950"
July 29 -
October 15, 1946 Participation of the USSR in the Paris peace
conferences
On August 14, 26, 1946, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks adopts resolutions “On
magazines Zvezda and Leningrad" and "On the repertoire of dramatic
theaters and measures to improve it”
December 14, 1947 Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee
All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "On the implementation of the monetary reform and the abolition of cards for
food and industrial goods"
January 26, 1948 Signing of the Soviet-Polish treaty for a period
for 5 years
February-
April 1948 Treaties of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance
between the USSR and Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Finland
May 1, 1948 Establishment of diplomatic relations between
Soviet Union and Pakistan
November 26, 1948 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on
"forever" resettlement of Germans, Kalmyks, Ingush, Chechens,
Balkars, Crimean Tatars and some other peoples to distant
regions of the USSR
January 25, 1949 Establishment of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
(CMEA), which included the USSR
April 5, 1949 Publication of a note by the Soviet government
to the governments of the USA, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Holland
and Luxembourg about changing the western borders of Germany
September 25, 1949 TASS report on the testing of nuclear weapons in the USSR
bombs
February 14, 1950 Signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Union and
mutual assistance between the USSR and the People's Republic of China,
agreements on the Chinese Changchun Railway, Port Arthur
and etc.
May 30, 1950 Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On the consolidation
small collective farms and the tasks of party organizations in this matter"
September 1950 Trial in the "Leningrad case",
the imposition of death sentences on N.A. Voznesensky, A.A. Kuznetsov,
M.I. Rodionov and others. Completion of the "conquest" of Western Ukraine
after collectivization, resettlement, deportation, exile
and arrests of about 300 thousand people
May-June 1952 Trial of the Jewish
anti-fascist committee
October 1952
cores - "five" consisting of: I.V. Stalin, G.M. Malenkov, L.P. Beria,
ON THE. Bulganin, N.S. Khrushchev. Creation of the first Soviet electronic
computer
October 5-14, 1952 XIX Congress of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, renaming of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks
in the CPSU. Adoption of directives for the fifth five-year development plan
national economy of the USSR for 1951-1955.
January 13, 1953 Official report on the case of the "Kremlin
doctors”, unreasonably accused of murdering top Soviet
leaders
March 5, 1953 Death of I.V. Stalin
March 14, 1953 Election of a new composition of the Secretariat of the Central Committee during
led by N.S. Khrushchev
March 27, 1953 Decree on amnesty for those convicted of criminal
crimes that did not affect those serving sentences for
"counter-revolutionary activities"
April 6, 1953 Official announcement of the termination of the "case
doctors." The beginning of the political "thaw"
April 10, 1953 Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On Violations
Soviet laws by the former ministries of state security of the USSR
and the Georgian SSR"
August 20, 1953 Report on the test of a hydrogen bomb in
USSR
September 1953 Liquidation of the Special Meeting at the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR
and other non-judicial bodies ("threes", "twos")
December 23, 1953
the presence of the Supreme Court of the USSR of the death sentence of L.P. Be-
rii and other former heads of the MGB-MVD accused of
treason, conspiracy and espionage, and execution
January 6, 1954 Publication in Pravda of the article “More
deploy criticism in creative organizations"
February 19, 1954 Approval by the Presidium of the Supreme Council
RSFSR and Ukrainian SSR decisions on the transfer of the Crimean region to the
Ukraine
March 2, 1954 Resolution of the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On
further increase in grain production in the country and on the development
virgin and fallow lands"
March 26, 1954 Publication of the statement of the government of the USSR on
recognition of the full sovereignty of the German Democratic
Republic
April 1954 Review of the "Leningrad case" and
rehabilitation of party and economic officers convicted under it
workers
June 27, 1954 Start-up in the USSR of the world's first industrial
nuclear power plant
November 13, 1954 Notes from the USSR to 23 European states and the USA
to convene a conference on collective security issues in
Europe
January 25, 1955 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
"On the termination of the state of war between the Soviet Union and
Germany"
May 14, 1955 Signing of the Warsaw Treaty of Friendship,
cooperation and mutual assistance of the countries of the socialist camp
May 15, 1955 Signing by the governments of the USSR, USA,
Great Britain and France treaty to end the occupation
Austria.
September 9-13, 1955 Negotiations between government
delegations of the USSR and the FRG in Moscow, the establishment of diplomatic
relations between the USSR and Germany
September 19, 1955 Signing of a protocol between the USSR and Finland
Landia on the extension of the 1948 Treaty of Friendship,
cooperation and mutual assistance and an agreement on the renunciation of the USSR from
rights to use the naval base of Porkkala Udd
September 20, 1955 Signing in Moscow of a treaty of friendship and
cooperation between the USSR and the GDR
November 22, 1955 Cancellation by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court
USSR sentence in 1952 against members of the Jewish
anti-fascist committee due to the lack of composition in their actions
crimes and dismissal
December 31, 1955 Formation of a commission for the study of materials
about mass repressions of members and candidate members of the Central Committee of the AUCP(b) and
other Soviet citizens in the period 1935-1940s
February 14-25, 1956 XX Congress of the CPSU. Adoption of Directives on
the sixth five-year plan for the development of the national economy (1956-1960). At a closed session of the congress with a report on the cult of personality
I.V. Stalin and its consequences were made by N.S. Khrushchev
March 2, 1956 Shooting in Tbilisi of a youth demonstration
March 8, 1956 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on
reduction of working hours during pre-election and
pre-holiday days until 6 o'clock
March 9, 1956 The entry of troops into Tbilisi and the suppression of speeches
with tanks and firearms
March 28, 1956 Publication in Pravda of the article “Why the cult
personality is alien to the spirit of Marxism-Leninism "- the first criticism
Stalin in print
April 28, 1956 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on
removal of the special settlement regime from the deported peoples
May 15-19, 1956 Visit of a government delegation to the USSR
France, led by Prime Minister Guy-Mollet
May 25, 1956 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on
establishing from July 1 a 6-hour working day for workers and
employees aged 16-18
June 30, 1956 Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On overcoming the cult
personality and its consequences
July 3, 1956 Consideration by the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU
"anti-party group" composed of V.M. Molotov, G.M. Ma-
Lenkova, L.M. Kaganovich and others.
July 14, 1956 Adoption by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the Law on
state pensions
October 19, 1956 Soviet-Japanese Declaration of Termination
state of war between the USSR and Japan, on the restoration
diplomatic and consular relations
November 4, 1956 The entry of Soviet tank units into
Budapest to put down an uprising against the communist
regime
November 14-16, 1956 Meeting in Moscow of communist and
workers' parties of the socialist countries
February 1957 Partial rehabilitation of the repressed
peoples: the restoration of the national autonomy of the Chechen,
Ingush, Kalmyk and Karachay peoples
April 1957 Termination of compulsory subscription to
government loans. Imposing a 20-year moratorium on payments
public debt
on loans
June 18, 1957 Adoption of the decision of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU on
offset N.S. Khrushchev as First Secretary
Central Committee of the CPSU
June 22-29, 1957 Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Fractional condemnation
("anti-party") group of V.M. Molotov,
G.M. Malenkova, L.M. Kaganovich and others.
July 28th -
August 11, 1957 VI World Festival of Youth and Students
in Moscow
August 31, 1957 TASS report on the successful holding of
USSR testing an intercontinental ballistic missile
October 4, 1957 Launch of the world's first artificial
earth satellite
March 27-31, 1958 The first session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the 5th
convocation. Appointment N.S. Khrushchev Chairman of the Council of Ministers
USSR and the Defense Council. Adoption of the Law “On further development
count
economic system and reorganization of machine and tractor stations "
December 24, 1958 Education reform: the introduction of universal
compulsory 8-year education and the creation of a single network
vocational schools with a term of study from one
up to three years
December 25, 1958 Adoption by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of new
"Fundamentals of criminal law"
1959 Reorganization of the banking system of the USSR
January 2, 1959 Launch of the first multi-stage space
rockets to the moon
January 27 -
February 5, 1959 Extraordinary XXI Congress of the CPSU in Moscow
June 16, 1959 Opening of the Exhibition of Achievements in Moscow
National Economy of the USSR (VDNKh), created on the basis of the All-Union
agricultural, industrial and construction exhibitions
September 18, 1959 Speech by N.S. Khrushchev at the session
General Assembly of the United Nations with the Declaration on the Complete and Universal
disarmament
January 14, 1960 Adoption by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the Law on
reduction of the Armed Forces of the USSR unilaterally by 1.2
million people
May 5-7, 1960 Session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Election
L.I. Brezhnev Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
September 23, 1960 Speech by N.S. Khrushchev at the meeting
United Nations General Assembly in the United States with a speech "Freedom and
independence for all colonial peoples"
October 1, 1960 Opening of the University of Friendship in Moscow
peoples
January 1, 1961 Implementation of the currency reform: denomination and
replacement of banknotes (1 new ruble was equated to 10 old ones)
April 12, 1961 The world's first flight around the globe,
perfected by the Soviet spacecraft "Vostok" with a pilot-
cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin on board
August 13, 1961 Construction of the Berlin Wall begins,
dividing the eastern and western parts of the city
August 31, 1961
American agreement on a moratorium on nuclear testing,
publication of the Soviet government's statement on
experimental nuclear explosions
October 17-31, 1961 XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption of a new
Programs of the CPSU
June 1-2, 1962 The uprising of the inhabitants of Novocherkassk, caused by
interruptions in the supply of food to the city, suppression of the uprising
troops
october 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis prompting deployment
Soviet missiles in Cuba
November 24, 1962 The transformation of the USSR State Economic Council into
Gosplan of the USSR, formation of the Council of the National Economy (SNKh) of the USSR
November 27, 1962 Formation of the Committee of the Party
state control of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR
June 16-19, 1963 Launch of a spacecraft manned by
the world's first female cosmonaut V.V. Tereshkova
July 1963 Expulsion of Chinese diplomats from Moscow for
"anti-Soviet propaganda" that followed after the exchange of notes
between the governments of China and the USSR
August 5, 1963 Signing in Moscow of the Treaty between the USSR,
United States, Great Britain on the prohibition of nuclear weapons tests in
atmosphere, outer space and underwater
August 29, 1964 Rehabilitation of the Volga Germans
October 12-13, 1964 Launch for the first time in the world into the Earth's orbit
triple spacecraft "Voskhod" (crew:
V.M. Komarov, K.P. Feoktistov and B.B. Egorov)
October 14, 1964 Release by the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU N.S. Khrushchev
from his party and state positions.
L.I. was elected the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Brezhnev
March 4, 1965 Adoption of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council
USSR on the punishment of persons guilty of crimes against peace and
humanity and war crimes, regardless of time
committing crimes
March 11, 1965 Cancellation of compulsory deliveries of agricultural products
to the state by individual peasant farms and
artisan farms
March 18, 1965 The world's first spacewalk,
implement-
stvenny A.A. Leonov
March 19, 1965 Adoption of the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council
Ministers of the USSR on the reduction of state retail prices for
certain types of industrial consumer goods
September 1965 Arrest of writers A. Sinyavsky and Y. Daniel for
publishing their works in the West
December 5, 1965
demonstrations: a rally on Pushkin Square demanding
free writers A. Sinyavsky and Y. Daniel
February 3, 1966 First automatic soft landing on the moon
station "Luna-9"
February 1966 First open political trial in
post-Stalin period - the trial of A. Sinyavsky and Y. Daniel,
accused of "agitation and propaganda with the aim of undermining the Soviet
authorities"
March 1, 1966 The automatic station "Venus-3" reached
after 3.5 months flight in outer space of the planet Venus
March 29 -
April 8, 1966 XXIII Congress of the CPSU. Approval of directives of the new
five year plan (1966-1970)
March 31, 1966 Launch of a space rocket with automatic
Luna-10 station, which on April 3, 1966 became the first in the world
artificial satellite of the moon
September 1966 Introduction to the Criminal Code of Articles 190-1, 190-
3, penalizing "systematic
orally spreading deliberately false fabrications,
discrediting the Soviet state and social system,
“active participation in group activities that grossly violate
public order"
October 8-18, 1966 Rallies of the Crimean Tatars in Andijan,
Fergana, Tashkent, Chirchik, Samarkand, Kokand, Yangikurgan,
Uchkuduk in connection with the 45th anniversary of the creation of the Crimean ASSR. Overclocking
participants by police and soldiers
January 27, 1967 Signing in Moscow, Washington and London
of the Treaty on the Principles of State Activities for Research and
use of outer space, including the Moon and other
celestial bodies for peaceful purposes
March 7, 1967 Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers
USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions on the transfer of workers and employees of enterprises,
institutions and organizations for a 5-day work week with two
weekends
April 13, 1967 Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers
USSR on the transfer of state farms and other agricultural
enterprises on full cost accounting
May 8, 1967 Lighting of the Eternal Flame in Moscow near the Kremlin wall
on the grave of the Unknown Soldier in memory of the heroes who died in the years
Great Patriotic War
September 5, 1967 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on
less of the decisions of 1944, “containing sweeping accusations against
citizens of Tatar nationality living in Crimea”,
instructed to provide assistance and assistance to areas with a Tatar
population
October 1967 Adoption of the Law on universal military
responsibilities
April 1968 Start of publication of the "samizdat" dissident
magazine "Chronicle of Current Events"
July 24-26, 1968 Rally of seven thousand Meskhetian Turks near the House
government in Tbilisi with a demand to return to their native places
August 20-21, 1968 The entry of Warsaw Pact troops into
Czechoslovakia to suppress the attempts of the Czechoslovak leadership
liberalize the socialist system
2nd of March,
June 10th,
August 13, 1969 Armed conflicts in the Soviet-Chinese
border at about Damansky on the Ussuri River, in the Tasty region (Kazakh SSR),
near the village of Zhanashkol, Semipalatinsk region
Kazakhstan
October 1970 Awarded to A.I. Solzhenitsyn Nobel
Literature Prizes
November 10, 1970 Launch of the Luna-17 automatic station. 17
November, the station made a soft landing on the surface of the moon. On the
Moon delivered and started scientific research
automatic "Lunokhod-1", controlled from the Earth
March 30 -
April 9, 1971 XXIV Congress of the CPSU. Approval of directives
ninth five-year plan (1971-1975)
June 6-30, 1971 Creation of an orbital manned station
Salyut - Soyuz
January 1972 Political trial of V. Bukovsky,
accused of "anti-Soviet agitation" for trying to achieve
international examination of the facts of sending political prisoners to
psychiatric hospitals
January 25-26, 1972 Meeting in Prague of the Political
Advisory Committee of the States Parties to the Warsaw
treaties of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance. Accepted
"Declaration on Peace and Security in Europe"
April 10, 1972 Signing in Moscow by representatives of three
depositary states - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain -
conventions prohibiting the development, production and stockpiling
stocks of bacteriological
biological (biological) and toxic weapons and their destruction
May 22-30, 1972 Signing in Moscow of the Soviet-American
before-
dialects "Fundamentals of relations between the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics and the United States of America,
"On the limitation of missile defense systems", "Temporary
agreement on certain measures in the field of limiting strategic
offensive weapons" (OSV-1)
April 10, 1973 Signing in Moscow of the first long-term
plan for cultural and scientific cooperation between the USSR and the GDR
June 11, 1973 The official start of the General
Consulate of the USSR in West Berlin
June 19-23, 1973 Signing in Washington between the USSR and the USA
“Basic Principles for Negotiations on Further Limitation
Strategic Offensive Arms, Agreements On
prevention of nuclear war, etc.
October 26, 1973 World Congress of Peace Forces in Moscow
February 13, 1974 Decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU on the expulsion
writer A.I. Solzhenitsyn from the USSR
July 3, 1974 Signing in Moscow of the Treaty between the USSR and
United States on limiting underground nuclear weapons testing and
other documents
February 17, 1975 Signing in Moscow of a number of Soviet-British
documents
March 24, 1975 Signing in Moscow of the Soviet-French
agreements on cooperation in the field of agriculture and protection
environment
July 17, 1975 Docking of the Soviet spacecraft
"Soyuz" and the American spacecraft "Apollo"
October 9, 1975 Awarded to Academician A.D. Sakharov
Nobel Prize
December 10, 1975 Signing in Kabul of the Protocol on the extension for
the next ten years of the duration of the Treaty of Neutrality and
mutual non-aggression between the USSR and Afghanistan of June 24
1931
24 February -
March 5, 1976 XXV Congress of the CPSU. Approved Main Directions
development of the national economy of the USSR for 1976-1980, as well as
adopted the Statement "Freedom to the Prisoners of Imperialism and Reaction!"
April 7, 1976 Signing of the Long-Term Agreement in Moscow
on trade between the USSR and Sweden
May 28, 1976 Signing of an agreement in Moscow and Washington
between the USSR and the USA on underground nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes
July 16, 1976 Signing in Moscow of an agreement between the USSR and
France for the prevention of accidental or unplanned
use of nuclear weapons
October 19, 1976 Signing in Moscow of documents on the Soviet
mon-
golsky cooperation. The conclusion of a border treaty between
USSR and the Mongolian People's Republic
January 14, 1977 World Forum of Peace Forces in Moscow
May 18, 1977 Signing in Moscow of a long-term program
development and deepening of trade, economic, industrial and
scientific and technical cooperation until 1990 between the USSR and
the Republic of Finland and Cooperation Agreements in
construction of the Kostomuksha Mining and Processing Plant
June 22, 1977 Signing in Paris of the Soviet-French
Declaration on International Affairs and Bilateral
relations between the USSR and France, as well as the Statements of the Soviet Union and France on detente of international tension and Soviet
French Declaration on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
August 17, 1977 Achievement by the nuclear icebreaker Arktika
geographical point of the North Pole
October 4-7, 1977 VII extraordinary session of the Supreme Council
USSR of the ninth convocation. Discussed the project and adopted a new
Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR
October 10, 1977 Signing in Moscow of the Agreement between
the government of the USSR and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland on the prevention of accidental occurrence
nuclear war
29th of November -
December 1, 1978 X session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ninth
convocation. Adopted the "Law on Citizenship of the USSR"
January 17, 1979 All-Union population census
June 15-18, 1979 Soviet-American meeting in Vienna on
highest level. The Treaty between the USSR and the USA on
limitation of strategic offensive arms (SALT-2)
October 4-9, 1979 Announcement of the unilateral withdrawal of the unit
contingent of Soviet troops from the territory of the GDR
December 27, 1979 The introduction of the USSR "limited military
contingent" to Afghanistan at the request of the Afghan leadership
July 19 -
August 3, 1980 XXII Olympic Games in Moscow. A number of delegations
boycotted the games in protest against the introduction of Soviet
troops in Afghanistan
August 1, 1980 Completion of the withdrawal of part of the contingent
Soviet troops from the territory of the GDR
February 23 -
March 3, 1981 XXVI Congress of the CPSU. Approval of the “Guidelines
economic and social development of the USSR for 1981-1985. and on
period up to 1990"
November 10, 1982 Death of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
L.I. Brezhnev
November 12, 1982 Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which elected the General
Secretary of the Central Committee Yu.V. Andropov
August 25, 1983 Signing between the USSR and the USA of a five-year
Grain Purchase Agreements
September 1, 1983 The fall of the South Korean passenger
liner "Boeing-747", shot down by a Soviet military fighter:
The Boeing crossed the Soviet border in the area where Soviet secret military bases were located near Sakhalin Island. As a result, all 269
passengers died
February 9, 1984 Death of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Yu.V. Andropov
February 13, 1984 Extraordinary Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, at which
K.U. was elected General Secretary. Chernenko
June 5, 1984 Restoration of V.M. Molotov in the ranks of the CPSU
July 28, 1984 Opening of the XXIII Olympic Games in Los Angeles
forest. The USSR delegation boycotted the games under the pretext of absence
ensuring proper security
dangers of athletes
August 18, 1984 Opening of the sports "Goodwill Games" in
Moscow, planned as an alternative to the XXIII Olim-
pian games
March 10, 1985 Death of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR K.U. Chernenko
March 11, 1985 Extraordinary Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Election
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU M.S. Hump-
cheva
May 7, 1985 Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU on measures to overcome
drunkenness and alcoholism, which opened a loud stone
campaign to eradicate alcoholic beverages
July 19-21, 1985 Meeting of M.S. Gorbachev in Geneva with the President
USA R. Reagan
November 14, 1985 Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers
USSR on the further improvement of management
agro-industrial complex. In accordance with
together with him, a reform was carried out in agriculture and a
Agroprom
December 24, 1985 Appointment of B.N. Yeltsin as first secretary
Moscow City Committee of the CPSU
25 February -
March 6, 1986 XXVII Congress of the CPSU. Approval of the new edition
Programs of the CPSU and the Main Directions of Economic and
social development of the USSR for 1986-1990. and up to the year 2000.
April 26, 1986 Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
stations
May 10, 1986 Adoption by the European Economic Community
decision to suspend the export of goods and food from
USSR and a number of Eastern European countries in connection with the Chernobyl
catastrophe
December 16, 1986 Appointment of G.V. Kolbin First Secretary
Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, which provoked demonstrations
nationalist youth in Alma-Ata
January 27-28, 1987 Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Project Presentation
Law of the USSR on the state enterprise (association) and report
M.S. Gorbachev "On perestroika and personnel policy of the party"
May 23, 1987 The USSR stopped jamming the American
radio station "Voice of America"
October 21, 1987 Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, at which with sharp criticism
guides M.S. B.N. acted as Gorbachev perestroika. Yeltsin. AT
by a special resolution, the plenum recognized the speech of B.N. Yeltsin
erroneous and actually sanctioned his removal from the post of the first
Secretary of the MGK CPSU
February 8, 1988 Announcement by M.S. Gorbachev that the USSR
ready to start withdrawing troops from Afghanistan from May 15, 1988
February 23, 1988 The beginning of the interethnic conflict in Nagorno-
Karabakh Autonomous Region (NKAO). Armenian population of NKAO
advocated joining the Armenian SSR
February 28, 1988 Ethnic riots in Sumgayit
(Azerbaijan SSR)
May 7-9, 1988 Creation in Moscow of the first opposition
Party "Democratic Union". Arrested members of the 9 May Party
1988 were expelled from Moscow
May 15, 1988 Beginning of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan
May 23, 1988 Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Problems considered
international relations. Decision to transfer many functions
center to national regions
May 27, 1988 Adoption by the Supreme Council of the Law on
cooperation
June 5, 1988 Series of Russian Orthodox events
churches as part of the celebration of the 1000th anniversary
introduction of Christianity in Rus'. The events received support from
side of the country's leadership
June 15, 1988 The Supreme Soviet of the Armenian SSR officially
demanded that the NKAR of the Azerbaijan SSR be included in
composition of Armenia
June 23, 1988 Demonstrations in Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius in
protest against the "annexation" of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in June
1940
June 28 -
July 1, 1988 XIX All-Union Party Conference of the CPSU.
The speech of B.N. Yeltsin,
who addressed the delegates with a request for his political
rehabilitation
August 17, 1988 Joint nuclear tests of the USSR and the USA
weapons at an American test site in Nevada
September 21, 1988 The decision of the Soviet government to send
troops to the capital of the NKAO Stepanakert and Yerevan in order to normalize
Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict
October 2, 1988 Election of M.S. Gorbachev Chairman
Supreme Soviet of the USSR
November 22, 1988 Beginning of mass anti-Armenian demonstrations in
the capital of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku
December 7, 1988 Speech at the session of the General Assembly
UN M.S. Gorbachev, in which he announced a unilateral
reduction of the Soviet armed forces. As a result of the earthquake
several cities were destroyed in Armenia. About 250 thousand died.
human
April 9, 1989 Massive anti-Soviet demonstrations in
Tbilisi under the slogans of Georgia's independence
May 25 -
June 9, 1989 First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Election
M.S. Gorbachev President of the USSR
June 3-15, 1989 Interethnic unrest in Fergana (Uzbe-
kistan)
June 30, 1989 About three hundred deputies at the Congress of Soviets of the USSR
announced the creation of an opposition bloc - the Interregional
deputy group (MDG)
July 10, 1989 Beginning of the miners' strike in Mezhdurechensk,
who put forward the demand for better living conditions,
salary increase
July 24, 1989 Demonstration in Tbilisi, which took
learning-
about 20 thousand people. was nationalist and
demanded an end to the imperial policy of the center
August 22, 1989 Special Commission of the Supreme Council
The Lithuanian SSR declared that "annexation" and "occupation" in 1940
the Baltic states - Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia - are illegal
September 12, 1989 Demonstration in Moscow of the National Front
"Memory" against the course of reforms M.S. Gorbachev
October 26, 1989 Announcement by M.S. Gorbachev about the new concept
foreign policy of the USSR and the rejection of the former policy
November 9, 1989 The fall of the Berlin Wall
December 12-24, 1989 Second Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
January 2, 1990 Direction by decision of the Soviet
leadership of military units to Azerbaijan to protect the Armenian
population
January 7, 1990 Sending units of the Soviet army for
prevention of conflict between Georgia and Ossetia
January 13-14, 1990 Ethnic riots in
the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku
January 15, 1990 Introduction to Nagorno-Karabakh and some
other regions of Azerbaijan state of emergency
January 20, 1990 Entrance of Soviet army units to Baku. According to
leadership of the USSR, the military action was supposed to warn
civil war in Azerbaijan
January 22, 1990 Resolution of the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan on
immediate withdrawal of troops from the republic
February 4, 1990 Demonstration and rally in Moscow,
organized by deputies of the MDG
February 12, 1990 The entry of troops into the capital of Tajikistan, Dushanbe
to prevent clashes on ethnic grounds
February 13, 1990 Adoption of a new democratic platform
CPSU, limiting the role of the party in the life of Soviet society
February 28, 1990 Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. The law was passed
allowing the creation of private peasant farms
March 6, 1990 Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, at which
at-
the law on property was adopted, recognizing the existence in the USSR
different forms of ownership
March 11, 1990 Lithuania declares its independence
from the USSR
May 29, 1990 Elected by the First Congress of People's Deputies
RSFSR Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR B.N. Yeltsin
June 1990 Declaration of State Sovereignty of Moldova
June 12, 1990 Adoption of the declaration by the I Congress of Soviets of the RSFSR
on the sovereignty of the Russian Federation. This day is getting late
celebrated as Independence Day of Russia
June 19-23, 1990 I Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian
Federation (KPRF) in Moscow
July 10, 1990 Election at the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU M.S. Gorbachev
again to the post of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
July 16, 1990 Declaration of State Sovereignty
Ukraine
July 27, 1990 Declaration of State Sovereignty
BSSR
August 1, 1990 Entry into force of the Press Law, which abolished
media censorship
August 1990 Proclamation by Tatarstan of the state
sovereignty
September 1990 Proclamation of the Transnistrian Moldavian
Soviet Socialist Republic within the USSR. Republic
not recognized by Moldova
October 1990 Proclamation of the Kazakh, Kyrgyz,
Bashkir, Kalmyk and Chuvash republics of their
sovereignty
November 1, 1990 The introduction of the commercial exchange rate of the ruble in the USSR
December 17-27, 1990 Fourth Congress of People's Deputies
USSR
January 13, 1991 Signing by the Chairman of the Supreme Council
RSFSR B.N. Yeltsin Mutual Security Agreements with
leaders of the Baltic republics
February 25, 1991 Meeting of representatives of the USSR and states -
members of the Warsaw Pact in Budapest; a decision was made to
abolition of the organization
March 9, 1991 Publication of the draft of the new Union
agreements
March 14, 1991 Registration of the republican, social
democratic, democratic parties of Russia
March 17, 1991 National referendum on the future
states. More than 70% of those who voted were in favor of continuing
reforms and preservation of the USSR
May 20, 1991 Decision to simplify the exit of Soviet
citizens abroad
May 23, 1991 Attack of the Riga OMON of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs on
customs posts in Latvia. The incident sparked a new outbreak
anti-Soviet sentiment in the Baltic republics
June 1991 Completion of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Hungary
June 12, 1991 Election of B.N. Yeltsin for President
RSFSR by majority vote (60%)
June 25, 1991 Signing by the USSR and Czechoslovakia of the Treaty on
the end of the occupation and the withdrawal of troops from Czechoslovakia. The troops were
released after 4 days
July 30-31, 1991 Agreement on the limitation of strategic
nuclear weapons signed between the US and the USSR
August 15, 1991 Publication of a new project of the Union
treaty - "Treaty on the Union of Sovereign States"
August 19, 1991 TASS report on the creation of the State
State of Emergency Committee (GKChP). Allegedly in connection with
illness of M.S. Gorbachev, the duties of the President of the USSR were assigned
on G.I. Yanaev. Beginning of the "August Putsch"
August 20, 1991 B.N. Yeltsin population to universal
strike in protest against the actions
GKChP. Estonia declares independence from the USSR
August 21, 1991 Arrest of members of the State Emergency Committee and the failure of the "coup"
August 23, 1991 Suspension of the publication of the newspaper Pravda
by decision of B.N. Yeltsin
August 24, 1991 Declaration of independence from the USSR
Ukraine
August 25, 1991 M.S. Gorbachev resigns
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
August 27, 1991 Declaration of Independence of Moldova.
Shortly thereafter, independence is proclaimed by Georgia,
Armenia, the republics of Central Asia
August 29
1991 Temporary suspension of the activities of the CPSU
August 30
1991 Depoliticization and reorganization of the KGB of the USSR
September 1991 Adoption of the declaration of independence by the Supreme
Council of Crimea
September 6, 1991 Recognition of the independence of the Baltic
states by the State Council of the USSR
November 6, 1991 Decision to ban activities
Communist Party in the RSFSR. It was later canceled as
unconstitutional
December 8, 1991 Signing of agreements establishing the Commonwealth
Independent States (CIS) ("Belovezhskaya Accords")
December 21, 1991 Signing in Alma-Ata by the leaders of 11 republics
publics of the USSR of the Protocol to the agreement on the CIS and the Declaration
December 25, 1991 Removal of M.S. Gorbachev resigned
President of the USSR. Termination of the Union Treaty.
US recognition of the sovereignty of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Georgia, Ukraine, republics of Central Asia, Moldova
January 20, 1992 Signing of an agreement on the basics of mutual
relations between the Russian Federation and Finland
January 23, 1992 The adoption by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation of a resolution
on the consideration of the issue of the constitutionality of the decisions of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1954 on the withdrawal of the Crimean region from
composition of the RSFSR
January 28-30, 1992 Moscow meeting of the heads
foreign ministries of Russia and the United States on the organization
multilateral negotiations on the Middle East
January 29, 1992 Statement of the President of the Russian Federation "On the policy of Russia in
areas of arms limitation and reduction”: confirmation
obligations under bilateral agreements signed by the USSR
and currently in force
January 30 -
February 1, 1992 Signing of a joint Russian-
American Declaration of the End of the Cold War
February 1-2, 1992 Declaration of state independence
Tatarstan outside the Russian Federation
February 5-7, 1992 Signing of the Russian-French treaty,
economic and cultural agreements and
tocols
February 7, 1992 Announcement of the closure of the last political
colony "Perm-35", amnesty of the last political prisoners
Decree of the President of Russia
February 14, 1992 Meeting of the CIS heads of state in Minsk:
adoption of the Declaration on the principles of cooperation, signing
agreements on the status of strategic forces, on the regulation
relations in the field of trade and economic cooperation,
on the return of cultural and historical values to states
their origin
February 17-18, 1992 Negotiations between B. Yeltsin and J.
Baker in Moscow on the reduction of strategic offensive
weapons
February 21, 1992 Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On urgent measures to
rehabilitation of Russian Germans"
February 27, 1992 Creation of the Russian Space Agency
March 5, 1992 Adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation on the regional, regional
Council of People's Deputies and the regional, regional administration
March 6, 1992 Decision of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on the allocation
for inclusion in the UN forces in Yugoslavia one infantry
Russian army battalion
March 21, 1992 Meeting of the heads of state - members of the CIS in Kyiv:
adoption of a decision on the Joint Armed Forces of the CIS
March 25, 1992 Decree of the President of Russia "On the sale of land
plots to citizens and legal entities during privatization
state and municipal enterprises"
March 31, 1992 Signing of the Federal Treaty between
federal government bodies of Russia and bodies
local authorities in all republics except Tatarstan and Chechnya
April 4, 1992 Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the fight against corruption in
public service system"
April 6, 1992 Meeting of Russian Foreign Ministers,
Ukraine, Moldova and Romania in Chisinau: adoption of a joint
declarations on ceasefire in Transnistria and disengagement
formations involved in the conflict
April 8, 1992 Adoption by the Sixth Congress of People's Deputies
Russia's resolutions on assistance in ensuring human rights in
Pridnestrovie and an appeal to the CIS member countries with an appeal
intervene in a conflict
April 27, 1992 Russia's admission to the International Monetary
fund
April 30, 1992 Completion of Russian-Ukrainian negotiations
on the Black Sea Fleet and the adoption of a communiqué on a moratorium on
unilateral action
May 7, 1992 Decree B.N. Yeltsin on the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and on
assuming the office of Supreme Commander
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
May 15, 1992 Meeting of the heads of states - members of the CIS in
Tashkent: signing of the Collective Security Treaty of Russia,
Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Tajikistan
June 2, 1992 Creation of a coalition of democratic forces in Russia
in support of reforms, the President and the government at the conference
Parliamentary Reform Coalition
June 6
1992 Formation of the Ingush Republic within the Russian Federation
June 11, 1992 Acceptance by the Supreme Soviet of Russia
State Program for the Privatization of State and
municipal enterprises of the Russian Federation for 1992
June 20-22, 1992 Signing of the Consent and
cooperation between Russia and Canada
June 27, 1992 Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On organizational measures
for land and agro-industrial reform in
Russian Federation"
July 2, 1992 Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on measures for social
support for citizens who have lost their jobs and earnings (income) and
duly recognized as unemployed
July 14, 1992 Beginning of the commissioning of joint peacekeeping
contingents of Russia, Georgia and Ossetia to separate
opposing sides in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict
July 21, 1992 Signing by the Presidents of Russia and Moldova
agreements on the settlement of the Transnistrian conflict
September 8, 1992 Signing by the Ministers of Defense of Russia and
Lithuanian agreements on the procedure for the withdrawal of Russian troops from the territory
Lithuania
September 16, 1992 Creation of the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly
member states of the CIS
September 30, 1992 Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation: "On the system of central
bodies of federal executive power,
"On the structure of the central bodies of the federal executive
authorities”, “On streamlining the composition of coordinating and
advisory bodies established by the President of the Russian Federation"
October 7, 1992 Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On measures to organize
securities market in the process of privatization of state and
municipal enterprises"
November 4, 1992 Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on
giving the border of Russia with Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania a legal
status of the state border
December 24, 1992 The adoption by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation of the Law "On
the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to receive private property and
sale of land for personal subsidiary and
dacha economy, gardening and individual housing
construction"
January 3, 1993 Signing in the Kremlin of the Treaty on the reduction
strategic offensive arms (START-2) between Russia and
USA
January 13, 1993 Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On measures to strengthen
control over the creation and activities of public associations”
January 22-23, 1993 Minsk meeting of the heads of 10 states -
members of the CIS: making decisions on the establishment of an interstate
bank, on the draft Charter of the CIS and on the interstate television and radio company "Ostankino"
February 22, 1993 Establishment of advisory bodies under
President of the Russian Federation: Presidential Council and Council of Heads of Administrations
March 10-13, 1993 VIII (extraordinary) Congress of People's Deputies
Russia
March 20, 1993 Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the protection of freedom of funds
mass media
March 26-29, 1993 IX (extraordinary) Congress of People's Deputies
July 12, 1993 Signing by the heads of governments of Russia,
Belarus and Ukraine statements on urgent measures to deepen
economic integration
September 21, 1993 Decree B.N. Yeltsin "On the phased
constitutional reform in the Russian Federation”, in accordance with
which dissolved the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet
RF
23 September-
October 4, 1993 X Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation
October 3-4, 1993 Armed clashes between
supporters of the President and the Supreme Council. Mass
riots in Moscow that led to human casualties
September 24, 1993 Signing of an agreement by the heads of the CIS states
about economic union. Ukraine and Turkmenistan have joined
agreement as associate members
October 11, 1993 Approval by Presidential Decree of the Regulations on
elections to the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
November 1, 1993 Creation of the Human Rights Commission under
President of the Russian Federation
November 10, 1993 Publication of the draft Constitution of Russia,
approved by the Constitutional Council and submitted
President of the Russian Federation for nationwide discussion
December 11, 1993 Approval of the Regulations on the state
flag and the national anthem of Russia
December 12, 1993 Elections to the Federation Council and
the State Duma of the Federal Assembly and a referendum on
Constitution of the Russian Federation
January 11, 1994 Beginning of the work of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
April 28, 1994 Signing of the "Agreement on public
consent” by the political and social forces of Russia
June 22, 1994 Russia signs the NATO program
"Partnership for Peace"
August 31, 1994 Completion of the withdrawal of Russian troops from
Germany and the Baltics
November 30, 1994 Signing by the President of the Russian Federation of the Decree "On
measures to restore constitutional legality and
law and order on the territory of the Chechen Republic"
December 10, 1994 The entry of troops of the Ministry of Defense and
Ministry of Internal Affairs to the territory of Chechnya. Start
large-scale hostilities
January 1, 1995 Storming of Grozny by federal troops
June 14-18, 1995 Chechen terrorists capture a large
groups of civilians in the city of Budennovsk, Stavropol Territory
July 5, 1995 Adoption of the Law “On the Fundamentals of the State
service in the Russian Federation.
December 5, 1995 Entry into force of the Federal Law "On
government support for the media and
book publishing of the Russian Federation"
December 17, 1995 Elections to the State Duma
January 15, 1996 Capture of the Dagestan village of Pervomaiskoye
Chechen fighters
January-
February 1996 Russia's admission to the Council of Europe
March 15, 1996 Denunciation of the Belovezhskaya Accords
State Duma of the Russian Federation
April 3, 1996 Signing of the Community Agreements
Russia and Belarus
May 27, 1996 Signing in Moscow of the Agreement between
B.N. Yeltsin and Z. Yandarbiev on the cessation of hostilities on
territory of Chechnya
July 4, 1996 Election of B.N. Yeltsin President of the Russian
Federation for a second term
August-
September 1996 Negotiations and signing of a peace agreement
settlement in Chechnya
January 9, 1997 Completion of the withdrawal of federal troops from
Chechnya
February 26, 1997 Government Decree on the program
social reforms in the Russian Federation in the period 1996-2000.
April 2, 1997 Treaty of Union between Russia and Belarus
May 12, 1997 Treaty on Peace and Principles of Relations
between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic
May 23, 1997 Signing of the Charter of the Union of Belarus and Russia
May 27, 1997 Signing of the founding act on
mutual relations, cooperation and security between the Russian Federation and
NATO
June 15, 1997 Decree B.N. Yeltsin "On military reform"
July 16, 1997 Publication of the government decree on
approval of the "Regulations on the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, sample form
and descriptions of the new passport”
March 23, 1998 Resignation of V.S. Chernomyrdin from office
Prime Minister of the Russian Federation
April 24, 1998 Appointment of S.V. Kiriyenko as chairman
Government of the Russian Federation
June 17, 1998 Burial of the remains of the family of the latter
Russian Emperor Nicholas II in St. Petersburg
July 10, 1998 Approval by the Government of the Russian Federation of the program for
stabilization of the economy and finance
August 1998 Beginning of the financial crisis in Russia
August 23, 1998 The resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation, headed by S.V.
Kiriyenko
September 11, 1998 Appointment of E.M. Primakov as chairman
Government of the Russian Federation
October 7, 1998 All-Russian protests against
social and economic policy of the government
May 12, 1999 Resignation of the Government headed by E.M.
Primakov
May 19, 1999 Appointment as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation
S.V. Stepashin
June 5-6, 1999 Celebrations dedicated to 200-
anniversary of A.S. Pushkin
August 9, 1999 The resignation of the government of S.V. Stepashin
August 16, 1999 Appointment as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation
V.V. Putin
December 8, 1999 Treaty establishing the Union of Belarus and Russia
December 28, 1999 Resignation of the first President of Russia B.N.
Yeltsin
March 25, 2000 Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian
Federations
April 3, 2000 Appointment as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation
MM. Kasyanov
August 12, 2000 The death of the crew of the nuclear submarine K-141
"Kursk"
November 30, 2000 Meeting of the Council of Heads of State - Members
CIS in Minsk. A decision was made to establish an Anti-Terrorist Center

Test

Ecological bases of nature management

Question #2.3

Make an approximate chronological table showing the forms of human impact on the environment in different periods of the development of civilization.

Any human activity is directly or indirectly, but inevitably connected with the exploitation of natural resources and is based, therefore, on interaction with the natural environment. However, the relationship between mankind and the natural environment developed unevenly.

Chronological table of human impact on the environment


Development periods	Interaction with the environment
7 thousand years ago	The emergence of real agriculture, the emergence of the first civilizations and the first anthropogenic biogeocenoses.
2 thousand years ago	A sharp increase in anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment, deforestation and soil depletion.
Early 17th - 19th centuries	The growth of consumption of fossil resources, severe air and water pollution, the appearance of huge masses of solid waste.
Late 19th - 20th centuries	Rapid depletion of non-renewable natural resources, destruction and pollution of potentially renewable resources - soil, forests, pastures and land and ocean waters.
2000	Post-industrial era, strict legislation in the field of natural resources protection.
End of the 21st century	The world's population will stabilize at the level of 8-12 billion people, and the growth rate of industrial production will slow down somewhat.

7 thousand years ago

Real agriculture appeared about 7 thousand years ago in the Indus Valley, in Mesopotamia (in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers) and in the Nile Valley. The first civilizations and the first anthropogenic biogeocenoses arose there, based on highly developed irrigation and irrigation systems. The civilizations of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt lasted longer than the rest of the written history of mankind, and this is largely due to their harmonious coexistence with the natural environment. An important factor that maintained this balance was the fact that the mythology and religious teachings of the ancient peoples did not oppose man to nature, but emphasized their unity.

2 thousand years ago

Gradually, population growth and the emergence of private ownership of land and water led to a sharp increase in the anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment. Deforestation and soil depletion led to the economic degradation of ancient civilizations. At the same time, in ancient Greece and Rome, philosophical teachings based on a rationalistic approach to the knowledge of nature begin to develop, and science in the true sense of the word arises. Nature ceases to be an object of deification, but becomes exclusively an object of property and often merciless exploitation.

Hence the desire to seize new territories, wars and the great migration of peoples. Almost simultaneously, the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Han Empire in China, and the Middle Eastern empires took place. For the first time, man opposed himself to nature, and as a result - a decrease in the population of the Earth and, in part, the loss of many technological methods and skills. The anthropogenic load on nature has decreased, and some of the destroyed ecosystems have gradually recovered.

Early 17th - 19th centuries

In the 17th century gave rise to the first industrial revolution, which paved the way for a radical change in technological culture and led to the transition in the XVII-XIX centuries from handicraft to large-scale industrial production. Steam engines appeared, and primitive, closely connected with agriculture, urban societies gradually turned into urbanized industrial systems. The use of steam engines led to a huge increase in the consumption of fossil resources, primarily coal and iron ore, and the amount of energy consumed. Industrial centers consumed more and more food and raw materials, which led to growing degradation of the natural environment. The urban environment in industrial centers also became less and less suitable for normal life due to severe air and water pollution, as well as huge masses of solid waste.

Late 19th - 20th centuries

This time was the beginning of the electrification of production and life, the creation of an internal combustion engine that radically changed transport, and the rapid development of the chemical and petrochemical industries. On this basis, after the First World War (1914-1918), the second industrial revolution began in the most developed countries. The developed industrial societies that arose as a result of it have the following characteristic features:

Huge and often unjustified production volumes that deplete non-renewable natural resources - reserves of oil, natural gas, coal and minerals;

The transition from the use of natural materials that can decompose under the influence of natural factors to synthetic ones, most of which practically do not decompose;

The sharp increase in food production as a result of the first and second green revolutions achieved through the rapid growth of energy consumption and the use of large volumes of chemical fertilizers and pesticides;

Some slowdown in population growth as a result of birth control while population aging due to increased life expectancy, especially in developed countries;

Significant increase in pollution of land waters and the oceans with toxic substances and oil products;

Global air pollution with heavy metals and highly hazardous chemicals;

Lack of understanding of the dangers of radioactive contamination;

Acid pollution of vast regions of the Northern Hemisphere, which led to damage to forests and biota in northern lakes;

Destruction of large tracts of tropical forests and desertification of vast areas in the equatorial latitudes;

Global impact on the climate due to the emission of huge masses of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere;

Depletion of the ozone layer.

This list shows that the growth of human prosperity during the industrial era of the 19th and 20th centuries was based on the rapid depletion of non-renewable natural resources and the destruction and pollution of potentially renewable resources - soil, forests, pastures and waters of land and ocean. At a new historical turn, mankind began to repeat the mistakes that led to the death of ancient civilizations two thousand years ago. But now these errors have become global and threaten the very existence of the biosphere.

By 2000, in a number of countries the achievements of the scientific and technological revolution had already been used to the full extent, and these countries had entered the post-industrial era. It is characterized not only by the level of material well-being and technological development, but also by very strict legislation in the field of natural resources protection and, which is very important, by the willingness of citizens to strictly comply with these laws.

The development of new resource-saving technologies and other measures to protect nature on a global scale inevitably require huge costs. The required annual investment in resource-saving technologies and environmental protection costs can amount to 5–10% of the annual world gross product. These costs have two important features. Firstly, very often they are associated not with the development of some sectors of the world economy or the development of new resources, but, on the contrary, with the rejection of such and the search for alternative solutions.

Secondly, in the most important cases they are transnational in nature. By agreeing to these costs, humanity makes the transition from the conquest of nature and the harmonization of relationships with it. At the same time, the prospect of long-term crisis-free development opens up for mankind.

End of the 21st century

By the end of the 21st century, the world's population will stabilize at the level of 8-12 billion people, and the growth rate of industrial production will slow down somewhat, and, most likely, production itself will greatly change its appearance. Agricultural production should significantly outstrip population growth, and the level of pollution and degradation of the natural environment will begin to decline around the middle of the 21st century, when the entire world community will enter the post-industrial era.

The chronological table of Nekrasov is one of the best ways to briefly get acquainted with the periods of the life of the great poet. It is in it that all the most important events that influenced the fate of the author are concentrated. These significant stages of his biography will help both schoolchildren and graduates to better understand the motives of the poet's activities and the features of his character.

In fact, you can trace the life and work of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov by date. This format is designed for those who want to get basic information and facts quickly and clearly. In addition to the standard data on the birth and death of the poet, the memo will acquaint you with the key periods of his creative activity. You will learn a lot about your favorite author and his works, you will be able to quickly remember important dates. Our website provides a detailed biography of Nekrasov in the table.

1821 November 28 (December 10)- N.A. was born. Nekrasov in Ukraine in the town
Nemirov of the Podolsk province in the noble family of retired lieutenant Alexei Sergeevich and Elena Andreevna Nekrasov.

1824-1832 – Life in the village of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province

1838 - Leaves the estate of his father Greshnevo in order to enter the St. Petersburg noble regiment at his will, but, contrary to his wishes, decides to enter St. Petersburg University;
father deprives him of his livelihood.

1840 - The first imitative collection of poems "Dreams and Sounds".

1843 – Acquaintance with V. G. Belinsky.

1845 - The poem "On the road";
enthusiastic review of VG Belinsky.

1845-1846 - Publisher of two collections of writers of the natural school - "Physiology of St. Petersburg" and "Petersburg Collection".

1847-1865 - Editor and publisher of the magazine "Contemporary".

1853 - Cycle "Last elegy".

1856 - The first collection of "Poems by N. Nekrasov".

1861 - Poem "Peddlers";
the release of the second edition of "Poems by N. Nekrasov".

1862 - The poem "Knight for an Hour", the poems "Green Noise", "In full swing the village suffering";
acquisition of the Karabikha estate near Yaroslavl.

1863-1864 - The poem "Frost, Red Nose", poems "Orina, a soldier's mother", "In memory of Dobrolyubov", "Railway".

1868 - The release of the first issue of the new magazine N.A. Nekrasov "Notes of the Fatherland" with the poem "Who should live well in Rus'."

1868-1877 - Together with M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, he edits the journal "Domestic Notes".

1870 - The poem "Grandfather".

1871-1872 - The poems "Princess Trubetskaya" and "Princess Volkonskaya".

1876 - Work on the fourth part of the poem "Who in Rus' live well."

1877 - The book "Last Songs" is out of print.

December 27, 1877 (January 8, 1878)- Nekrasov died in St. Petersburg. He was buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.

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chronological table of world and Russian history, II century- 13 115. The victorious war of Rome with Parthia. Formation of the provinces of Armenia, Assyria and Mesopotamia on the lands of the Parthian kingdom. 117 138. The reign of the Roman emperor Hadrian. 117. Forced refusal of Rome from the conquered territories of the Parthian ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

chronological table of world and Russian history, III century- Around 220. End of the Han Dynasty. The disintegration of China into 3 kingdoms of Wei, Han or Shu, Wu 220 265. The period of the "Three Kingdoms" in the history of China. 218 222. The reign of the Roman emperor Avita Bassan (Elagabalus). 222 235. The reign of the Roman emperor Alexander ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

chronological table of world and Russian history, IV century- 304 386. The period of political fragmentation in Northern China. 313. Milan edict of the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius on religious tolerance. 317 420. Board in China of the Eastern Jin dynasty. 320. Founding of the Gupta empire in India. 324 337.… … encyclopedic Dictionary

chronological table of world and Russian history, IX century- Beginning of the 9th century. Creation of early state associations of Eastern Slavs in the area of the Dnieper River and Lake Ilmen. Formation of the Tao Klardzhet kingdom in Georgia. 1st half of the 9th c. Formation of the Great Moravian Principality. 802 814. The Board of the Bulgarian ... encyclopedic Dictionary

chronological table of world and Russian history, V century- V c. Frankish conquest of northeastern Gaul. Japanese conquest of the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. V X centuries Spread of the civilization of the Teotihuacan Toltecs in the Valley of Mexico. 404. Moving the political center of the Western Roman Empire ... encyclopedic Dictionary

chronological table of world and Russian history, VI century- 506. Codification of Visigothic Law (King Alaric's Code). 507. The defeat of the Visigothic squads by the Frankish army of King Clovis. The end of Visigoth rule in Gaul. Formation of the Frankish kingdom. 511. Reims Church Synod. Endowment… … encyclopedic Dictionary

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Chronological table of the social movement (1750 - 1905), W. Sombart. Life edition. St. Petersburg, 1906. Printing house St. Petersburg. Partnerships "Trud". Typographic cover. The safety is good. In this "Chronological table" by Werner Sombart ... Buy for 3995 rubles
Chronological table of Muslim dynasties, I I Trofimov. Reproduced in the author's original spelling. AT…

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