At the Eternal Flame...
At the Eternal Flame...
Eternal flame - a symbol of memory for the fallen,
The unquenchable light of love and kindness.
You give new life to the will that has died out,
Penetrating deep into a particle of heat.
Throwing my head back, I inhale
The sky is boundless quiet peace.
Let it burn with eternal fire without burning,
Faith in the immortality of human hope.
A bit of history...
Eternal flame - a constantly burning fire, symbolizing the eternal memory of something or someone. Continuous combustion is achieved by supplying gas to a certain place where a spark occurs. Usually included in the memorial complex. The oldest eternal flame is considered to be the fire in the memorial of the unknown soldier in the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It has been burning since 1921 and commemorates the fallen soldiers of the First World War.
Eternal Flame at the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
The first Eternal Flame in the Soviet Union was lit on the Field of Mars in Leningrad in 1956 in memory of those killed during the February Revolution.
In December 1966, on the days of the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow, the ashes of the Unknown Soldier were transferred to the Alexander Garden from the 41st kilometer of the Leningradskoye Highway - the place of bloody battles - and on December 3, the ashes of the Unknown Soldier were solemnly buried.
On May 8, 1967, the memorial architectural ensemble "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" was opened. The Eternal Flame of Glory was lit on the grave, which erupts from the middle of a bronze star placed in the center of a mirror-polished black square of labrador, framed by a platform of red granite. The torch was delivered from Leningrad, where it was lit from the Eternal Flame on the Field of Mars. “Your name is unknown, your deed is immortal,” is inscribed on the granite slab of the tombstone. To the left of the tombstone is a wall of crimson quartzite with the inscription: “To those who fell for the Motherland. 1941-1945". On the right, on a low granite pedestal along the Kremlin wall, blocks of dark red porphyry are placed in a row, under them the sacred land of the hero cities - Leningrad, Kyiv, Minsk, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Murmansk, Brest Fortress, Tula and Smolensk. On each block there is the name of the city and a chased image of the Gold Star medal.
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Svetlana Medvedeva
On this day we are silent and remember
That we will never see!
What we know only from grandfather's medals.
And the letters of the father who did not come.
And you come every year less ...
And her hair is white with gray...
You, who fought as boys near Smolensk,
And those who stormed Berlin in the spring!
You come to us, remind
So that the cities no longer groan ....
About those who did not return in forty-five
And which of you has already gone there ...
We young people do not know about bomb explosions,
You have saved us such a flourishing world...
And on this day, in the spring, in early May
We thank you for your great achievement!
You believe us, we will not forget glory,
And we will sacredly preserve the honor of the country ....
As long as we are alive, Victory Day will be!
And let's give this memory to the children!
The eternal flame symbolizes the courage and bravery of warriors who gave their lives for a brave cause. When the Nazi invaders violated the non-aggression pact and treacherously invaded the territory of the Soviet Union, everyone, young and old, did their best to contribute to the Great Victory. Most of the boys and girls volunteered to go to the front to beat the enemy, those who did not go to the front stood behind the machines, making shells and tanks for the Soviet army, mostly these workers were children.
The first days and months of the war were very difficult and tense. With incredible courage and courage, the Soviet people defended their great Motherland. Volunteer partisan detachments were organized in the Belarusian forests, which, by their actions, tried to thwart Adolf Hitler's lightning-fast plan to seize the Soviet Union.
Opening of the first Eternal Flame of Glory
One of the first monuments to fallen soldiers was opened in 1921. The memorial complex was built under the Arc de Triomphe in the French capital - Paris.
In the collapsed Soviet Union, in Moscow, in honor of the celebration of the Great Victory in 1955, the Eternal Flame was solemnly lit at the monument. However, it is difficult to call it "eternal", since it was lit periodically, only a few times a year:
- for the celebration of Victory Day;
- on the Day of the Armed Forces and the Navy, later, since 2013, on Defender of the Fatherland Day;
- on the Day of the Liberation of Shchekino.
A truly Eternal Flame is the fire in St. Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), which was lit on November 6, 1957 on the Field of Mars.
To date, there are only three such memorial complexes in the capital. The first Eternal Flame was lit on February 9, 1961. Over time, the gas pipeline supplying gas wore out, and, starting in 2004, it was temporarily turned off for the duration of the repair work, and by 2010 it was lit again.
Monuments and memorial complexes, built in the 50-60s of the twentieth century, have pretty worn out by our time. The gas pipelines leading to the fire are especially affected. Therefore, the government annually allocates funds to reconstruct and replace pipes at many monuments of the country as quickly as possible.
Photos of the memorial complex
The photo below shows the Eternal Flame near the Kremlin Wall, which was lit on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in 1967. The opening ceremony was personally led by Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. In 2009, the fire was moved to Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill. In 2010, it was returned to the Kremlin wall again.
A proposal to open a memorial on Poklonnaya Hill was made by representatives of the Moscow Veterans Society. The public warmly supported this initiative, because such monuments symbolize the eternal memory of the fallen soldiers and teach today's youth not to forget the terrible pages of the history of their country.
Remarkable and brave citizens were awarded to light the Eternal Flame:
- Participant in the hostilities during the defense of Moscow, honorary citizen, chairman of the council of war and labor veterans Vladimir Dolgikh.
- Hero of Russia Colonel Vyacheslav Sivko.
- Representative of the public organization Nikolai Zimogorodov.
After the opening of the memorial complex, this place became the most visited in the Russian capital. Not only residents of Moscow come here, but also numerous tourists who want to see the sights of the hero city.
Do you need an Eternal Flame?
Modern youth is less and less interested in history and those distant anxious days of the Great Patriotic War. There are fewer and fewer people who have passed through the fiery walls of hell of those years. But nevertheless, we should never forget about the feat that our fathers and grandfathers accomplished in the name of the world of future generations. One of these reminders are monuments and memorials with eternal and unquenchable fire, reminiscent of the heroic deeds of soldiers on the battlefields.
When designing and restoring monuments, experts are thinking about how to make the Eternal Flame, but there are people and officials who are against this. They argue this by saying that extra material costs are needed for supplying and maintaining gas pipes and burners. But it is very good that there are only a few such people, because the Eternal Flame symbolizes the eternal memory of the feat that people have accomplished in the name of peace.
Where Veterans Meet
In many cities of the vast expanses of Russia, monuments and memorials with the Eternal Flame have been opened. These places have long become sights and visiting cards of cities; they attract many people of different ages, guests and tourists. For veterans, they serve as a meeting place and memory of distant war days and fallen comrades.
On the day of the celebration of the Great Victory over the Nazi invaders, May 9, fresh flowers are brought to monuments and memorials and wreaths are laid. Here, too, a field kitchen for veterans is very often deployed with the obligatory front-line one hundred grams.
Eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
During the bloody battles, a huge number of soldiers and officers went missing. Until now, the remains of the dead soldiers are found in the former places of hostilities. During the defense of Moscow back in 1941, a huge number of workers and soldiers were killed, in their honor in 1967 the monument "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" was built. At its foot, pointed flames burst out of a bronze five-pointed star, symbolizing the unforgettable deeds of the heroes.
The Eternal Flame monument serves as a meeting place, because every day people bring fresh flowers to it, thereby honoring the memory of the soldiers who gave their lives for a brighter future. It serves as a meeting place for students of Moscow (and not only) schools with war veterans. Each child then captures what they see by creating a drawing. The eternal flame flares up with a bright flame in young hearts.
Create a drawing
How to draw an Eternal Flame? Before proceeding with the sketches, it is necessary to look at it live at least once. It is best to make a sketch without leaving the memorial, so you can choose the most suitable angle. The monument should be photographed in order to complete the drawing at home.
On a piece of paper you need to sketch out the outline of the memorial. It is important to remember when creating a drawing: The eternal flame should not reach the edges of the sheet, you should leave indents of two to three centimeters. In this case, the image will turn out beautiful and voluminous. The sketch and the drawing itself should be done with a sharp simple pencil, applying light lines.
Shutdown
The next step is to draw clearer outlines. Parents can give their children their advice on how to draw the Eternal Flame, but it is better to do it in the form of a five-pointed star in the form of rays with the completion of all sides of the figure.
To give volume from each vertex of the star, we raise (lower) perpendicular lines relative to the entire pattern and connect them with parallel lines. The final moment will be the connection of the center of the star with its tops. After that, you should go directly to drawing the flame. It is better not to paint the tongues of fire in a catchy bright red color, but to make it orange-red.
Finally, erase all auxiliary lines with an eraser and color the picture using colored pencils or watercolors.
Hero cities
The inscription on the granite slab of the "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" memorial reads "Your name is unknown, your deed is immortal." In continuation of the historical ensemble, urns with earth taken from hero cities: Minsk and Leningrad, Sevastopol and Kyiv, Kerch and Volgograd, Brest and Smolensk, Tula and Murmansk were installed parallel to the Kremlin wall.
As you can see in the photo, "Eternal Flame" is a monument that always has a lot of people. The flame burns constantly, and the top of the memorial ensemble is decorated with a soldier's helmet cast in bronze, a laurel branch and a battle banner. Thousands of people come to look at the Eternal Flame on May 9, Victory Day, as well as veterans who, with a moment of silence, honor the memory of the fallen soldiers who showed extraordinary courage and fortitude in the struggle for freedom during the Great Patriotic War.
Craft for Victory Day
The craft "Eternal Flame", made with your own hands, will be the most beautiful and expensive gift that a schoolboy can give to grandparents who fought. On the eve of the holiday at school and at home, adults should talk with children about the heroic deeds of Soviet soldiers on the battlefields against the Nazi invaders.
The craft is made from paper or other improvised materials. It should not be difficult, so as not to discourage children from doing it. To make the Eternal Flame out of paper, the child will need perseverance, attentiveness, the ability to use scissors and glue. Such crafts are best done by middle school students, students of the fifth or sixth grades. To make a gift, you will need scissors, colored paper, glue, a simple pencil and a ruler. First you need to draw a star on the back of the colored paper, cut it out and glue the three-dimensional figure. You also need to do with the image of fire.
You can make an Eternal Flame with your own hands in an easier way. This will require the following components: half a glass of flour, water and one tablespoon of vegetable oil. Ask the elders or try to knead the dough yourself. From it, as from plasticine, make a cake and press it down with something flat, such as a saucer or plate. From the resulting cake, a five-pointed star should be cut with a knife. In the middle, make five small holes for the fire. To make flames, you need red colored paper. On the reverse side, draw a fire, then cut it out. There should be five flames. After cutting out of paper, they must be inserted into the holes made in the dough. The craft is ready, and you can give it to your grandmother or grandfather!
The fire of eternal glory burns
Many representatives of the younger generation do not even know that once their grandfathers and great-grandfathers fought for the freedom of the Motherland. The primary task of teachers and parents is to work with children so that they do not lose the thin thread that connects the history of past glory and the realities of present life. Almost no one can answer the question of when the first Eternal Flame was lit, few will be able to tell why it burns and what it symbolizes. War stories are an integral part of the upbringing and development of the child.
The eternal flame in Moscow and many cities of the vast expanses of the Motherland burns at the foot of memorial ensembles and monuments.
Memory is imperishable
In Cherkessk, on the celebration of Victory Day in 1967, a fire was solemnly lit at the memorial to the fallen soldiers-liberators who gave their lives for the independence and freedom of Russia. From a conversation with the director of the local history center, S. Tverdokhlebov, it was possible to find out that he collected bit by bit information about the soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War, defending the city of Cherkessk. Based on this material, a book was published and the memory of the heroes was immortalized in the form of a memorial complex with an Eternal Flame.
It is very important that the present generation never forget about the terrible crimes against all mankind committed by the Nazi invaders, so that the horror of the war that our grandfathers experienced will never be repeated, especially since every year there are fewer and fewer witnesses of those terrible and busy days.
The eternal flame on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Alexander Garden has been burning for fifty years: it was lit on May 8, 1967. Why does it never turn off? The answer is known to the person who participated in the development of the inextinguishable burner.
“As for“ never ”, I can’t say, - smiles the inventor of the Eternal Flame burner, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Honored Inventor of Russia Kirill Rider,- but the resource will last for a long time!
Half a century ago, a group of young employees of the research department of Mosgazproekt received a responsible task from the Moscow Council: in 2.5 months to come up with and design a device that would become one of the symbols of the Victory.
“We were “children of the war,” recalls Kirill Fedorovich, “so this work was of particular importance for us. We survived the war too young and, due to our age, did not have time to do anything for the Victory. Therefore, our contribution to it was to be the Eternal Flame, which, with our help, will perpetuate the memory of the heroes in the very center of Moscow. We had to come up with a burner that would work in all weather conditions, including rain, snow, strong wind loads. A number of samples were prepared, we compared, selected the best ones, calculated for a long time, experimented, argued. We were young, but well-trained and well-trained, and besides, hardworking: we arrived at work early in the morning, left with the last tram. My mother called me "lodger" because I only came home to sleep. There was a lot to do, but I always liked this way of life. He has not changed over time. My wife is not offended: she has long been accustomed to the fact that I am constantly at work ... "
Kirill Rider and Gasan Gasangadzhiev, General Director of Mosgaz, during the preventive maintenance of the Eternal Flame burner in the Alexander Garden. Photo: RIA Novosti / Ilya Pitalev
How it works
Fifty years ago, the conditions were difficult, the order was not easy, but the young scientists coped, and now the fire can withstand winds up to 18 meters per second. The secret of the “eternity” of fire lies not only in the burner itself, but also in the careful care of the device. Once a month, late in the evening, when the flow of tourists and walkers dries up in the Alexander Garden, a team of MOSGAZ employees comes to the Eternal Flame. They bring with them a temporary burner (a device the size of a household gas stove), to which they transfer the fire from its main place with a special torch, and then cut off the gas supply to the main burner. The eternal flame continues to burn, simply having moved to another place, this does not harm it at all. Meanwhile, the main burner is inspected, thoroughly cleaned and all necessary technical manipulations are carried out. The whole procedure takes no more than 40 minutes, after which the gas supply is resumed, and the flame is transferred to a permanent “eternal” place using the same torch.
“Such a responsible attitude allows you to operate the burner without any unpleasant consequences,” says Rieder. - We sometimes get calls from other cities: they say, help, what to do, the fire goes out at the memorial, but it hasn't even been 10 years! We, of course, help with advice, consult. But the main thing here is proper care. That is what is often lacking."
Rieder invented and developed another Eternal Flame known in Moscow: the one that burns today on Poklonnaya Hill. Wind loads there are much more serious, but the burner is ready to withstand gusts even up to 58 m / s (this is already a hurricane wind). So there is no doubt that the fire dedicated to the warriors of the holy war will never go out.
Guard of honor at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 1982. Photo: RIA Novosti / Runov
The future of thermal engineering
The invention of the burner of the Eternal Flame is, of course, a very serious milestone in the career path of Kirill Fedorovich, but not the only one. He begins to remember everything that he invented and developed in his life (boiler rooms located on the roofs of multi-storey buildings, burners for burning biogas at aeration stations, devices for burning combinations of natural gas and fuel oil), and considers each invention important and interesting. A person who has worked for many years at MosgazNIIproekt and is trying to make human life warmer in the literal sense, is now doing the same thing: he is trying to economically and safely heat as many people as possible. Rider is the general director of the Ekoteplogaz enterprise. There are only two entries in his workbook.
An interesting fact: at his dacha, he installed a heating boiler of domestic production. “My neighbor comes to me and marvels: why does his foreign boiler worth 30 thousand dollars go out every now and then, and mine, which costs 9 thousand rubles, burns regularly! Kirill Fedorovich laughs. “But the fact is that imported units cannot withstand gas pressure drops in networks, while ours tolerate them well. Drops occur during a sharp cold snap, when gas analysis increases significantly. Nothing can be done about this fact, these are the features of our climate. Russian developers of heating equipment know this and provide for such a nuance in their products.
According to Rieder, the future of heat engineering is in hydrogen fuel. Scientists have been working on the problem of burning hydrogen for many years, and sooner or later they will solve it. Reeder is not going to retire yet. His work experience has already been 55 years, but there is no question of rest in the foreseeable future. “No, I won’t retire, it’s boring! he says. - I get up in the morning in a good mood, I always go to work, which I love very much, and make plans for the day along the way. I'm generally happy with a lot."
This is the "perpetual motion machine" of the inventor of the Eternal Flame.
Eternal flame
Jarg. they say Shuttle. Lighter. Yuganov, 43.
Big dictionary of Russian sayings. - M: Olma Media Group. V. M. Mokienko, T. G. Nikitina. 2007 .
See what the "Eternal Flame" is in other dictionaries:
Constantly maintained flame in special burners at monuments, memorial complexes, cemeteries, graves; a symbol of memory of fallen heroes, their exploits, victims of fascism, etc. For the first time, the Eternal Flame was lit in 1920 at the grave of the Unknown ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Moscow. Alexander Garden. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Eternal Flame A constantly burning fire. Continuous combustion is achieved by supplying gas to a certain place where a spark occurs. Usually included in the memorial complex. The oldest ... ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Eternal fire (meanings). The eternal flame in Paris is the first of its kind ... Wikipedia
Constantly maintained flame in special burners at monuments, memorial complexes, cemeteries, graves; a symbol of memory of fallen heroes, their exploits, victims of fascism, etc. For the first time, the Eternal Flame was lit in 1920 at the grave of the Unknown ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Eternal flame- 1. Lighter.2. A burner that is not turned off when there are no matches in the house, a lighter ... Dictionary of Russian Argo
Eternal flame- a symbol of memory of fallen heroes, exploits, victims of fascism, etc. In memory of the soldiers who fell during the Great Patriotic War, V. o. lit on the grave of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow near the Kremlin Steia and in many other settlements of the country, and ... ... Dictionary of military terms
Eternal flame- In eternal fire (at the monument, grave) ... Russian spelling dictionary
Eternal flame- (at the monument, grave) ... Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language
Eternal flame- A constantly burning torch at the burial place of heroes, the grave of the Unknown Soldier, in memorial complexes, etc ... Dictionary of many expressions
Eternal flame in Russia and in the world: the history of tradition- The tradition of maintaining an eternal flame in special burners at monuments, memorial complexes, cemeteries, graves goes back to the ancient cult of Vesta. Every year on March 1, the great priest lit a sacred fire in her temple at the main Roman Forum, ... ... Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Books
- Eternal flame, Vyacheslav Bondarenko. "Eternal Flame" is a book about people whose fates are determined by the words "Honor" and "Duty". The action of the novel begins in 1913 and continues to this day. The heroes of the work are representatives of the family ...
- Eternal flame, G. N. Kholostyakov. The first chapters of the memoirs of G. N. Kholostyakov date back to the time when the foundations of the sea power of our Motherland were laid. The author tells about the origin of submarine forces in the Pacific Ocean, where ...
For the first time in the modern history of the world, the Eternal Flame was lit on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Paris, near the Arc de Triomphe. The fire appeared in the memorial two years after its inauguration, after which the French sculptor Gregoire Calvet proposed placing it in a special gas burner. With the help of this device, the flame really became Eternal - now it illuminated the tomb not only during the day, but also at night.
Since 1923, the Eternal Flame at the French memorial has been lit daily and with the participation of World War II veterans.
The tradition of lighting the Eternal Flame was adopted by many states that created city and national monuments - in memory of those who died in the First World War. So, in the 1930-1940s, the Eternal Flame caught fire in the Czech Republic, Romania, Portugal, Canada, the USA and Belgium. Then it was lit by Poland, thus perpetuating the memory of the fallen heroes of the Second World War, and in Berlin they went even further and installed a glass prism with a burning fire inside over the remains of an unknown German soldier and an unknown victim of concentration camps.
Eternal flame in Russia
In Russia, the Eternal Flame first lit up in Leningrad in 1957 - it was lit at the monument to the "Fighters of the Revolution", which is located on the Field of Mars. It was this flame that became the source from which military memorials began to be lit throughout Russia, in all Soviet hero cities and cities of military glory. Then the grand opening of the Eternal Flame took place on May 8, 1967 - it was lit on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier near the Kremlin wall
Today, many Russian cities light the Eternal Flame only on memorial days and military holidays.
At present, the ignition of the Eternal Flame in Russia is gradually fading away, because in the conditions of the need for urgent financing of many industries, paying for its maintenance seems to be burning money. In addition, the Eternal Flame is a complex engineering structure that requires a constant supply of gas and security, and also depends on temperature differences. An additional nail in the situation is the lack of a legislative framework for securing the status of the Eternal Flame and technical regulations for its maintenance. All these factors allow Russian gas companies to charge a lot of money from city authorities for gas supply and maintenance of the gas burner itself.
