Direction "Indifference and responsiveness."

Indifference is indifference to everything that surrounds us, lack of interest in the problems of society, in eternal human values, indifference to one's own fate and to the fate of other people, the absence of any emotions in relation to anything. A.P. Chekhov once said: “Indifference is a paralysis of the soul, premature death.” But why is such an attitude to life really so dangerous?

Anger, like love, like confusion, like fear and shame, shows a person’s interest in anything, emotions become an indicator of vital energy, and therefore a blush coming to the cheeks is always valued more than a lifeless, cold pallor and an indifferent, empty look. . Slightly noticeable at first glance, manifestations of indifference to what is happening invariably develop into apathy, and as a result, lead to the degradation of the individual. In the story of A.P. Chekhov "Ionych", the author, together with the reader, traces the path of a person, from which vital energy gradually flowed away and the spiritual principle evaporated. Describing each stage from the biography of the hero, A.P. Chekhov emphasizes with what swiftness indifference penetrated Startsev's life and left a definite mark on it. From an outstanding personality and a promising doctor, the hero slowly but surely turned into a screaming at his own patients, a gambling, greedy, stout man in the street, not noticing the passage of time. For the once energetic and lively hero, now only his money was of exceptional importance, he stopped noticing the suffering of people, looked at the world with dryness and selfishness, in other words, he became indifferent to everything, including himself, which led to inevitable degradation. .

We all live in a society and depend on each other - such is the nature of man. That is why the indifference of each individual leads to the indifference of the whole society. In other words, a whole system is formed, an organism that destroys itself. Such a society is described by F.M. Dostoevsky in the novel Crime and Punishment. The main character, Sonya Marmeladova, at the level of need, felt the importance of self-sacrifice and helping people. Looking at the indifference of those around her, she, on the contrary, tried to help everyone in need and do everything in her power. Perhaps if Sonya hadn’t helped Rodion Raskolnikov cope with her moral torments, if she hadn’t instilled faith in him, if she hadn’t saved her family from starvation, then the novel would have had an even more tragic ending. But the indifference of the heroine became a ray of light in the gloomy and damp Petersburg of Dostoevsky. It is terrible to imagine how the novel would have ended if it had not had such a pure and bright hero as Sonya Marmeladova.

It seems to me that if every person takes his eyes off his problems, starts looking around and doing good deeds, the whole world will shine with happiness. Indifference is dangerous because in any case it carries darkness with it, it is the antithesis of happiness, joy and goodness.

Indifference and indifference are the most terrible vices of today's life. Recently, we have been faced with this so often that for us such behavior of people, unfortunately, has become the norm. Almost every day you can see the indifference of people. Have you ever wondered where it comes from?

Reasons for indifference

Often, indifference is a way to protect a person, an attempt to hide from a cruel reality. For example, if a person was often humiliated or hurt by offensive phrases, he will try to avoid and will not make contact with others. That is why a person will unconsciously try to show an indifferent look so that he is not touched.

But over time, the following tendency may develop: a person will have the problem of human indifference, because indifference will become his internal state, not only in relation to himself, but also to others.

It is not hatred that kills us, but human indifference.

Indifference kills all living things in a person, this is the callousness of the heart and the lack of sincerity. At the same time, a person is not responsible for such behavior, and this is perhaps the worst thing.

Indifference is dangerous because it can gradually develop even into a mental illness. The reasons for indifferent behavior can be long-term use of psychotropic drugs, mental illness, drug and alcohol use. Also, a feeling of indifference can occur after severe stress or shock - for example, the loss of a loved one. In adolescents, cruelty and indifference can develop due to lack of attention from parents, from lack of love, due to violence from the family.

In psychology, the term is used - obsessive human behavior. Such people cannot understand their emotions, and they are indifferent to the feelings and experiences of other people. They do not know what pity and compassion are. Alexithymia can be both a congenital diagnosis and a consequence of psychological trauma. Scientists say that indifference is not treated.

There are many examples of indifference. From a conversation with a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Kuklin Innokenty Ivanovich: “I once walked through the center of Irkutsk. Suddenly, I suddenly felt bad, and I fell right in the middle of the street .. For a long time everyone bypassed me, throwing the phrase “here is the grandfather, he got drunk in the middle of the day ..”. But I fought for these people. Terrible time."

One can talk endlessly about indifference, and it especially hurts us when the questions concern our loved ones. Then the pain becomes incredibly sharp.

Indifference leads to the destruction of the personality, interferes with the harmonious existence of a person. Therefore, it is so important to properly educate your children, your younger brothers and sisters. It is necessary from childhood to teach kids responsiveness and kindness so that they can empathize and support others.

It is always important to remember that sometimes the life of another person can depend on your behavior, and it does not matter who you are - a doctor, a driver or just a person passing by.

FIPI commentary in the direction of "Indifference and responsiveness":
"The topics of this direction aim students at comprehending different types of a person's attitude to people and to the world (indifference to others, unwillingness to spend mental strength on someone else's life or sincere readiness to share his joys and troubles with his neighbor, to provide him with disinterested help). In literature, we meet , on the one hand, heroes with a warm heart, ready to respond to other people's joys and troubles, and on the other hand, characters embodying the opposite, selfish, personality type.

Recommendations for students:
The table contains works that reflect any concept related to the direction "Indifference and responsiveness". You DO NOT NEED to read all of the titles listed. You may have already read a lot. Your task is to revise your reading knowledge and, if there is a lack of arguments in one direction or another, fill in the gaps. In this case, you will need this information. Take it as a guide in the vast world of literary works. Please note: the table shows only a part of the works in which the problems we need are present. This does not mean at all that you cannot bring completely different arguments in your works. For convenience, each work is accompanied by small explanations (the third column of the table), which will help you navigate exactly how, through which characters, you will need to rely on literary material (the second mandatory criterion when evaluating a graduation essay)

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Indifference and responsiveness"

“Indifference and responsiveness” is one of the possible topics for the final essay on literature, which will be written by 2019 graduates. The developer of the methodological material - FIPI - assumed that in this work the students would consider different options for a person’s attitude to the world and to other people: both a sincere willingness to share troubles and joys with one’s neighbor, a desire to selflessly help him, and indifference to others, a lack of impulse to spend spiritual or physical forces on strangers. In an essay on this topic, references to literary works will be more appropriate than anywhere else, because in literature we meet heroes who are ready to respond to someone’s misfortune or joy, and characters, on the contrary, tough and selfish. You can also give examples from life or history.

The use of quotes in it will slightly increase the rating for the work. Indifference and responsiveness were spoken of both once upon a time (“Tolerance inevitably leads to indifference”, Denis Diderot, or “Indifference is a serious illness of the soul, Alexis de Tocqueville), and in our time. For example, the Japanese writer and translator Haruki Murakami said, “Don't feel sorry for yourself. Only primitive people do this.”

What exactly to write about in an essay on this topic? It is not at all necessary to talk about responsiveness and indifference towards people. You can describe these feelings in relation to nature or to the world of beauty and art. And you can consider these two qualities as two extremes of personality, raise the problem of hopeless egoism or, on the contrary, fanaticism, warn that a person inclined to help everyone and everyone often does not think about their own interests and, as a result, finds themselves in a position where they “sit down on their necks” asking.

Other directions of the final essay.

All arguments for the final essay in the direction of "Indifference and responsiveness".

Why is indifference dangerous? Can mindfulness save lives?

Indifference can hurt a person, indifference can even kill. The indifference of people caused the death of a little girl, the heroine of H.K. Andersen. Barefoot and hungry, she wandered the streets in the hope of selling matches and bringing money home, but it was New Year's Eve in the yard, and people had absolutely no time for buying matches, and even less for a beggar girl hanging around houses. No one asked her why she wandered alone in the cold, no one offered her food, a passer-by boy even stole her shoe, which was out of size and fell off her small foot. The girl dreamed only of a warm place where there is no fear and pain, of homemade food, the aromas of which came from every window. She was afraid to return home, and it was unlikely that the attic could be called home. In desperation, she began to burn the matches she was supposed to sell. Each burned match gave her wonderful images, she even saw her dead grandmother. The mirage was so clear that the girl believed in it, she asked her grandmother to take her with her. They ascended high into the heavens with joy on their faces. In the morning, people found a little dead girl with a smile on her lips and an almost empty box of matches in her hands. She was killed not by cold and poverty, but by human indifference to the troubles of the people around her.

Compassion can and should be learned. The protagonist of J. Boyne's The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, Bruno, is a prime example of my position. His father, a German military officer, hires a tutor for the children, who must teach them to understand modern history, to understand what is right and what is not. But Bruno is not at all interested in what the teacher says, he loves adventure and does not understand at all how some people differ from others. In search of friends, the boy goes to "explore" the area near his home and stumbles upon a concentration camp, where he meets his peer, the Jewish boy Shmuel. Bruno knows that he should not be friends with Shmuel, so he carefully hides the meetings. He brings food to the prisoner, plays with him and talks through the barbed wire. Neither propaganda nor his father can make him hate the prisoners of the camp. On the day of his departure, Bruno again goes to a new friend, he decides to help him find his father, puts on a striped robe and sneaks into the camp. The ending of this story is sad, the children are sent to the gas chamber, and only by the remnants of clothes, Bruno's parents understand what happened. This story teaches that compassion must be nurtured in oneself. Perhaps you need to learn to look at the world the way the main character does, then people will not repeat monstrous mistakes.

Indifferent (indifferent) attitude to nature

One of the main characters of the novel by B.L. Vasilyeva "Don't Shoot White Swans" Yegor Polushkin is a man who does not stay long at one job. The reason for this is the inability to work “without a heart”. He loves the forest very much, takes care of it. That is why he is appointed a forester, while firing the dishonest Buryanov. It was then that Yegor manifests himself as a real fighter for the protection of nature. He boldly enters into a fight with poachers who set fire to the forest and killed the swans. This man is an example of how to treat nature. Thanks to people like Yegor Polushkin, humanity has not yet destroyed everything that exists on this earth. Against Buryanov's cruelty, goodness must always come out in the person of the caring "polushkins".

"The Man Who Planted Trees" is an allegorical story. In the center of the story is the shepherd Elzéard Bouffier, who single-handedly decided to restore the ecosystem of the desert area. For four decades, Bouffier planted trees, which led to incredible results: the valley became like a Garden of Eden. The authorities took this as a natural phenomenon, and the forest received official state protection. After some time, about 10,000 people moved to this area. All these people owe their happiness to Buffier. Elzéard Bouffier is an example of how a person should relate to nature. This work awakens in readers a love for the world around them. Man can not only destroy, he is also able to create. Human resources are inexhaustible, purposefulness can create life where it does not exist. This story was translated into 13 languages, it had such a strong impact on society and authorities that hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest were restored after reading it.

Indifferent attitude towards nature.

The story "" touches upon the problem of attitude to nature. A positive example is the behavior of children. So, the girl Dasha discovers a flower that grows in terrible conditions and needs help. The next day, she brings a whole detachment of pioneers, they all fertilize the ground around the flower. A year later, we see the consequences of such indifference. The wasteland is impossible to recognize: it was “overgrown with herbs and flowers”, and “birds and butterflies flew over it”. Caring for nature does not always require titanic efforts from a person, but it always brings such important results. Having spent an hour of his time, each person can save or "give life" to a new flower. And every flower in this world counts.

Indifference to art.

The protagonist of the novel I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov is completely devoid of interest in art. He denies it, recognizing only "the art of making money." He considers a decent chemist more important than any poet, calls poetry "nonsense." The painter Raphael, in his opinion, "is not worth a penny." Even music for is a “frivolous” occupation. Eugene is proud of the "lack of artistic meaning" in his nature, although he himself is quite familiar with works of art. The denial of generally accepted values ​​is the most important thing for him. For the idea of ​​"necessity" should prevail in everything: if he does not see practical benefits in something, then it is not very important. His profession should be taken into account. He is a doctor, and therefore a zealous materialist. Everything that is subject to the mind is of interest to him, but that which is in the realm of the senses and has no rational justification is tantamount to danger for him. What he cannot understand scares him the most. And as we know, art is something that cannot be explained in terms, it can only be felt with the heart. That is why Bazarov shows a deliberate indifference to art, he simply does not understand it. Because if he understands, he will have to give up everything he believes in. It means to admit one's wrong, to "change the principles", to appear before all the followers of a person who says one thing and does another. Yes, and how could he abandon his ideas after he defended them, bringing the boiling point in the dispute to the maximum.
His profession also played an important role. It is difficult for a person who knows the anatomical structure of the body well to believe in the existence of the soul. It is difficult for a doctor who sees death, denies the miracle and believes in the power of medicine, that the soul also needs medicine - and this is art.

Another example illustrating indifference to art can be Dr. Dymov from the story "" by A.P. Chekhov. His wife Olga Ivanovna charges him with one shortcoming, namely, a lack of interest in art. To which Dymov replies that he does not deny art, but simply does not understand it, he studied medicine all his life, and he had no time. Osip argues that if some smart people devote their entire lives to art, while other smart people pay huge money for works, then they are needed. Partly the indifference to art is connected with his activities, partly with the fact that he had to work at several jobs so that Olga Ivanovna could afford to "live in the world of art" and revolve in the society of "exalted" people. It is possible that Dymov did not understand exactly the fake art, the love for which Olga tried so hard to instill in him. Pretense, flattery, snobbery were companions of people of art who attended Olga Ivanovna's receptions. It can be said that Dymov was indifferent not to genuine art, but to false art, because the sad motives that his friend played on the piano touched his heart.

What leads to indifference? Why is indifference dangerous?

For Onegin, indifference turned out to be a poison that destroyed him for many years. His inability to strong feelings played a cruel joke on him. When Tatyana confessed her love to Eugene, he turned out to be deaf to her impulses. At that stage of his life, he simply could not do otherwise. It took him years to develop the ability to feel. Unfortunately, fate did not give him a second chance. However, the recognition of Tatiana can be considered an important victory, the awakening of Eugene.
The attitude of a person towards parents, indifference towards relatives. What causes indifference to loved ones? Do you agree with Shaw’s statement: “The worst sin in relation to one’s neighbor is not hatred, but indifference, this is truly the pinnacle of inhumanity” Do you agree with the statement: An ungrateful son is worse than a stranger: this is a criminal, since the son has no right to be indifferent to his mother "

Indifferent attitude towards relatives.

Very often, children forget about their parents, plunging into their worries and affairs. So, for example, in the story of K.G. Paustovsky "" shows the attitude of the daughter to her aged mother. Katerina Petrovna lived alone in the village, while her daughter was busy with her career in Leningrad. The last time Nastya saw her mother was 3 years ago, she rarely wrote letters, she sent her 200 rubles every two or three months. This money worried Katerina Petrovna a little, she re-read a few lines that her daughter wrote along with the translation (that there is no time not only to come, but also to write a normal letter). Katerina Petrovna missed her daughter very much, listened to every rustle. When she became very ill, she asked her daughter to come to see her before her death, but Nastya did not have time. There were many cases, she did not take her mother's words seriously. This letter was followed by a telegram stating that her mother was dying. Only then did Nastya realize that "no one loved her as much as this decrepit, abandoned old woman." She realized too late that there had never been anyone dearer than her mother in her life and never would be. Nastya went to the village to see her mother for the last time in her life, to ask for forgiveness and say the most important words, but she did not have time. Katerina Petrovna is dead. Nastya did not even have time to say goodbye to her and left with the realization of "irreparable guilt and unbearable severity."

Why is indifference dangerous? How are the concepts of indifference and selfishness related? What kind of person can be called indifferent? How do you understand Suvorov's words: "How painful is indifference to oneself?"

Indifference is a feeling that can manifest itself not only in relation to other people, but also to life in general. , the central character of the "Hero of Our Time", is shown by M.Yu. Lermontov as a person who does not see the joys of life. He is bored all the time, he quickly loses interest in people and places, so the main goal of his life is the search for "adventure". His life is an endless attempt to feel at least something. According to the well-known literary critic Belinsky, Pechorin "is furiously chasing life, looking for it everywhere." His indifference reaches the point of absurdity, turning into indifference to himself. According to Pechorin himself, his life "is becoming emptier day by day." He sacrifices his life in vain, embarks on adventures that do no good to anyone. On the example of this hero, one can see that indifference spreads in the soul of a person, like a dangerous disease. It leads to sad consequences and broken destinies of both those around and the most indifferent person. An indifferent person cannot be happy, because his heart is not capable of loving people.

HERO OF OUR TIME ANALYSIS
Indifferent attitude to the profession.

The role of a teacher in human life is difficult to overestimate. A teacher is the one who is able to open a wonderful world, reveal the potential of a person, help determine the choice of a life path. The teacher is not only the one who transfers knowledge, it is, first of all, a moral guide. So, the main character of M. Gelprin's story "" Andrey Petrovich is a teacher with a capital letter. This is a man who remained true to his profession even in the most difficult times. In a world where spirituality has faded into the background, Andrey Petrovich continued to defend eternal values. He did not agree to betray his ideals despite the poor financial situation. The reason for this behavior lies in the fact that for him the meaning of life is to transfer knowledge and share it. Andrei Petrovich was ready to teach anyone who knocked on his door. Indifferent attitude to the profession is the key to happiness. Only such people can make the world a better place.

What kind of person can be called indifferent? Why is indifference dangerous? What leads to indifference? Can indifference hurt? How are the concepts of indifference and selfishness related? Can an indifferent person be called selfish?

What can indifference lead to?

In fiction, the theme of indifference is also reflected. So, E. Zamyatin in the novel "We" shows us a certain model of life, as well as the consequences of the tacit consent of both individual individuals and the whole society as a whole. Before the reader's eyes, a horrific picture arises: a totalitarian state in which people are deprived not only of their individuality, their own opinion, but also of morality. But if you try to understand the reasons for what is happening, then you come to the conclusion: each society gets the leader it deserves, and the inhabitants of the United State themselves allow the bloodthirsty dictator to rule them. They themselves join the "slender ranks" of robot-like ones, go on their own legs for an operation to "remove fantasy", which deprives themselves of the opportunity to fully live.
However, there were units who were able to say “no” to this system. For example, the main character of the novel I-33, who understands the absurdity of this world. She created a coalition of resistance, because she firmly knew that no one has the right to deprive a person of freedom. She could have lived immersed in comfortable hypocrisy, but she chose to protest. On her shoulders lay a great responsibility not only for herself, but also for many people who did not understand the horror that was happening in the state.
D-503 did the same. This hero was favored by the authorities, held a high position, lived in a calm, indifferent, mechanical state. But meeting I changed his life. He realized that the ban on feelings is immoral in nature. No one dares to take away from a person what life has given him. After he experienced love, he could no longer remain indifferent. His struggle did not bring results, since the state deprived him of his soul, destroying the ability to feel, but his "awakening" cannot be called in vain. Because the world is able to change for the better only thanks to the brave and caring.

What is the danger of indifference? Do you agree with the statement: "Fear the indifferent - they do not kill and do not betray, but it is with their tacit consent that betrayal and murder exist on earth"?

In "Cloud Atlas" David Mitchell we meet examples of indifferent attitude towards people. The action of the novel takes place in the dystopian state of Ni-So-Kopros, which developed on the territory of modern Korea. In this state, society is divided into two groups: purebloods (people born naturally) and fabricators (clone people artificially raised as slaves). Slaves are not considered human, they are destroyed like broken equipment. The author focuses on the heroine Sunmi-451, who, by chance, becomes involved in the struggle against the state. When she learns the terrible truth about how the world truly works, Sunmi can no longer remain silent and begins to fight for justice. This becomes possible only thanks to the caring "purebreds" who understand the injustice of such a division. In a fierce battle, her comrades and a loved one are killed, and Sunmi is sentenced to death, but before her death she manages to tell her story to the "archivist". This is the only person who heard her confession, but it was he who later changed the world. The moral of this part of the novel is that as long as there is at least one caring person, the hope for a just world will not fade away.

What kind of person can be called responsive? Are there people unworthy of sympathy?

A responsive person can be called someone who thinks about others more than about himself, is always ready to help those in need, and also takes other people's experiences to heart. The hero of the novel F.M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot" by Prince Lev Nikolaevich Myshkin. Prince Myshkin is a representative of a noble family, orphaned early, having spent 4 years abroad due to a nervous illness. To others, he seems a strange, but interesting person. He strikes people with the depth of his thoughts, but at the same time shocks with his straightforwardness. However, everyone notes in him openness and kindness.
Her responsiveness begins to show soon after meeting the main characters. He finds himself at the epicenter of a family scandal: Ganya Ivolgina's sister, in protest against his marriage, spits in his face. Prince Myshkin stands up for her, for which he receives a slap in the face from Ganya. Only instead of getting angry, he pities Ivolgin. Myshkin understands that Ghana will be very ashamed of her behavior.
Lev Nikolaevich also believes in the best in people, therefore he turns to Nastasya Filippovna, claiming that she is better than she tries to seem. The ability to compassion, like a magnet, attracts the surrounding people to Myshkin. Nastasya Filippovna falls in love with him and, later, Aglaya.
A distinctive feature of Myshkin is pity for people. He does not approve of their bad deeds, but he always empathizes, understands their pain. Having fallen in love with Aglaya, he cannot marry her, because he takes pity on Nastasya Flippovna and cannot leave her.
He feels sorry even for the robber Rogozhkin, who subsequently kills Nastasya.
The compassion of Lev Myshkin does not divide people into good and bad, worthy and unworthy. It is directed at all mankind, it is unconditional.

How do you understand Suvorov's words: "How painful is indifference to oneself"?

Indifference to oneself is a heavy burden that pulls a person to the very bottom of life. An example confirming the above can be the hero of the novel of the same name by I.A. Goncharova Ilya. His whole life is a geometric progression of indifference to himself. It starts small: with his appearance, to which Ilya Ilyich does not attach any importance. He wears an old worn dressing gown, slippers. These things lack individuality and beauty. Everything in his room is broken and dusty. In his financial affairs - the collapse. But most of all, the manifestation of indifference in oneself can be considered Oblomov's rejection of the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhappiness with Olga. He is so indifferent to himself that he deprives himself of the opportunity to fully live. This leads him to hook up with a woman he doesn't love, just because it's convenient.

(according to L.I. Likhodeev)

essay-reasoning

What does an indifferent attitude towards life lead to? It is this question that the author of the text, L.I. Likhodeev.

So, the author claims that the ability to be surprised, the ability to pay attention to the world around is very important for a person. On the one hand, L.I. Likhodeev cites the example of Archimedes and Newton, explaining their great achievements not only by great work, but also by the ability to be indifferent to life:

that is, they view life through the prism of satisfying their needs. Likhodeev says about them:

Opinion of L.I. Likhodeev on the problem is quite clear: life is an amazing thing, and people are also amazing, but not everyone notices this. You just need to learn to see, at least a little further than your nose, and then you can find happiness.

It is impossible not to agree with the author's point of view. Indeed, people's indifference to the world around them is an actual problem. People are too passionate about themselves and worldly affairs, forgetting about the most important thing - life is beautiful and extraordinary.

Vitality, the ability to be surprised is different

Her ability to admire the simplest things, delight simply from the fact that you exist, had a huge impact on Prince Andrei, made him take a fresh look at life, rethink his existence and accept the truth that one must live not for himself alone, but for people, so that everyone around you knows.

on the contrary, an indifferent attitude to life is shown. So, the main character, Dmitry Ionovich Startsev, a doctor who was nicknamed Ionych in the city, over the years becomes an absolutely indifferent person. He lost interest in the world around him, in everything except for credit notes, of which he already had a decent amount in the bank. He is indifferent to Kitty, whom he was passionate about, his life is boring and monotonous, it can rather be called existence. But not only Startsev leads such a life - it is the same for the Turkin family, the most "educated and interesting" family in the city, and for everyone else. Who is to blame? There is only one answer: of course, the people themselves. Chekhov convincingly proves to us that a life devoid of meaning - sincere service to people, filled only with selfish concerns, loses its meaning. Only a life illumined by a lofty goal can bring joy and satisfaction.