Lermontov's work "Mtsyri" was written in 1839. It was based on a real story, heard by Lermontov from one monk.

The main character - Mtsyri - lives in a monastery. He wants to escape from it. He wants freedom, to see the world. The monastery in this work is an image of bondage, "prison", and nature is an image of freedom. When Mtsyri escapes, a storm rages, dark clouds swirl, lightning flashes, there is not a single star in the sky, not even the moon: “I was glad to hug the storm! / I followed the clouds with my eyes / I caught lightning with my hand ... /.

"Then the storm subsides, the night passes quickly and a beautiful morning comes. Nature reflects the feelings of Mtsyra. Even the storm and the night do not frighten him, he is happy to wake up at liberty. But he is still "gnawed" by fears," gnawed "doubts," tormented "questions , such as "What if there is a chase?" "What will happen if they find me?", etc. But doubts quickly leave him. This is also reflected in the time of day - a beautiful dawn comes. The main character understands that his long-awaited escape was a success , he is finally free, which he longed for so long.

Mtsyri is in God's garden. There are many beautiful plants and birds that sing with wonderful voices.

Nature reflects the happiness and freedom experienced by the fugitive. The author conveys this using various epithets in his poem: "rainbow-colored plants", "curls of vines", "transparent green leaves", "magic voices", "solemn hour of praise".

Then Mtsyri leaves God's garden and hears a song sung by a Georgian woman. He falls asleep, lulled by her voice. She dreams of him. Her image evokes Mtsyri's thoughts and memories of her home. When Mtsyri wakes up again, the night has already come, the full moon is in the sky, illuminating everything with its light. In the distance, he sees the Caucasus Mountains and decides to go to them. He decides to go through a dense and dark forest, but unfortunately he gets lost in it. The night and the dark forest personify the doubts that torment the protagonist, his hidden fears and frightening thoughts. "And I woke up / The moon was already shining. / I lost sight of the mountain / And then I began to go astray /."

Mtsyri found himself in a forest glade, where a leopard later noticed him. Glade - the arena of the fight between the protagonist and the leopard. The world seemed to freeze, watching their struggle for life. The leopard is a nocturnal predator, the image of the most hidden and terrible fear. But Mtsyri defeated the leopard, conquered his fear.

Mtsyri came out of the forest and saw the fog. It seems to him that he hears voices coming from the village, but he disappears and a monastery appears in its place, spreading the ringing of bells. Disappointment flooded over Mtsyri that he had returned to his "prison" again, that he would never be able to visit his native land, to see his family.

Further, the mtsyri tells the elder about the flower with which he personifies himself and his life. The main character becomes ill, he is tormented by thirst, he sees mirages and loses consciousness. In this state, the monks find him and take him to the monastery.

Before dying, he asks the elder to bury him not within the walls of the monastery, but in freedom. In the garden, where wonderful white acacias bloom, soft bright green grass grows, fresh and clean air, from where you can see the high Caucasus mountains.

Nature plays an important role in Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri". It is through her and her changes that the author conveys inner feelings, fears, experiences, hopes and dreams of the protagonist Mtsyri.

Updated: 2018-10-27

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LANDSCAPE IN THE POEM OF M. YU. LERMONTOV. M. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" was completed in 1839. Its appearance was preceded by the interest shown by the writer to the fate of a man who, having an ardent soul, is forced to languish in captivity. This work, according to some critics, is the best creation of Lermontov, but "remained unsurpassed."

The theme of the motherland, and next to it the themes of liberty and nature, are the main ones in the poem. They develop in parallel and are inseparable from each other. Already the first stanza contains a hint of how firmly the world of man and nature is intertwined in the poem: ... merged, noise,

Embracing like two sisters of the Jets of Aragva and Kura…

The scene of the poem is Georgia. Here we meet magnificent and very natural pictures of the nature of this region, which play an important role in the work, since the grandeur and beauty of nature outside the walls of the monastery is the only thing that reminds the hero of his homeland, that does not bear captivity. So the idea of ​​​​freedom and homeland merges in the mind of Mtsyri into a romantic and vivid picture: mountains, rocks, swift streams ... The hero himself is close to the wild nature of the Caucasus:

Like a chamois of the mountains, shy and wild,

And weak and flexible, like a reed.

Years passed. The boy learned to hide his feelings and dreams. “A torn sheet by a thunderstorm,” he not only reached out with all his heart to a half-forgotten homeland - he swore to himself to return there. The world that Mtsyri observed only from a high corner tower - the sun, fields, rocks - made me yearn for freedom even more strongly. The thunderstorm sounded in sync with the storm of feelings in the soul of the young man and a powerful surge of strength. To himself, he seems to be a giant:

Oh I'm like a brother

I would be happy to embrace the storm!

With the eyes of the clouds I followed

I caught lightning with my hand.

He feels himself not just a passive contemplator, but also an active participant in the processes that nature is going through. Every corner of it is full of secret meaning for a young man: Hills, covered with a crown of Trees that have grown all around,

Noisy fresh crowd,

Like brothers in a circular dance.

Mtsyri understand "all the nature of the voice." Crouching to the ground, he listens to the magical whisper of the bushes. It is given to him from above to guess the secret thoughts of the surrounding forests and rocks and to observe the free and light clouds that "cloud after cloud" are sent to where the young man's homeland is, to where the "gray-haired unshakable Caucasus" is visible.

Mtsyri's subjective perception of nature is quite natural. The heights of the mountain ranges seem to him like altars smoking in the sky at the hour of dawn. According to him, the vault of heaven “that morning was so clear that an angel’s flight could have been followed by a diligent gaze ...” earth" and where all the "magic voices" unite in a solemn hymn. Fleeing from "stuffy cells and prayers", Mtsyri, engulfed in new impressions that flooded over him, admires the surrounding nature. In it, as in a temple, the young man found something that the monks and church hymns could not give him.

But nature is not uniform in its effect on the hero. There comes a moment - the second night after the escape, when the native mountains seem infinitely distant, and the natural world - full of hostility and obstacles: "The whole forest was, the eternal forest is all around, scarier and thicker every hour ..." And here is the real danger: a fight with a leopard is ahead . Mtsyri is full of military courage, thirst for struggle ... The battle is over. The young man, “gathering the rest of his strength, wandered” through the forest, but the fresh and promising murmur of the oak forests was deceptive: the walls of the hated monastery appeared nearby. “A flower brought up in prison”, the young man could not realize his dream of homeland and freedom. In these last moments, spent by Mtsyri in the wild, nature treats the downtrodden cruelly:

...scorched me

The fire of a merciless day.

Everything around was full of indifference to the young highlander:

The world of God slept in a deaf stupor

Despair heavy sleep.

The dying Mtsyri, through fragments of impressions and memories, in his deathbed delirium, turns to the monk, a witness to his confession, with the last request:

You led me to move

In our garden, in the place where they bloomed

Acacia two bushes ...

From there you can see the Caucasus.

In the dying man, there is a glimmer of hope that the motherland, along with a cool breeze, will send him farewell greetings.

It is impossible to talk about the hero of Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" without touching on his relationship with nature, which acts in the work as the only "partner" of the hero. The feeling of one's kinship with the surrounding world, with the elemental forces of nature, combined with an ardent love for the motherland, a thirst for life and struggle - these are the most characteristic features of Mtsyra, harmoniously combined in his powerful personality.

The poem "Mtsyri", written by Lermontov in 1839, is one of the most perfect examples of Russian romanticism. Its text includes all the significant components of romantic poems, such as an unusual hero in unusual circumstances, a conflict caused by the collision of the real world and the ideal world, and, of course, a romantic landscape. The landscape in the poem "Mtsyri" has a special role, since, on the one hand, it helps to penetrate deeper into the soul of the hero and understand him. On the other hand, he himself acts in the work as an active character.

The action of the poem takes place near the Caucasian mountain range, and Lermontov even accurately indicates the place of events: the Mtsyri monastery is located near the confluence of two rivers, the Aragva and the Kura. Interestingly, the poet described a real-life monastery that has survived to this day and is now a place of pilgrimage, especially for admirers of Lermontov's work. Tourists who come there can enjoy stunning mountain landscapes: the monastery stands on a small hill and immediately behind it you can see

the chain of the Caucasus mountains going into the sky.
Something wild and primordial emanates from these places, and it is easy to believe that such a proud and rebellious nature as Mtsyri could grow up here. The landscapes of the Caucasus deeply touched the soul of Lermontov himself, and it was thanks to them that the idea of ​​the poem finally crystallized. It is known that initially the poet did not know where to place his hero. He wrote two small sketch poems, "Confession" and "Boyarin Orsha", but only after visiting the Caucasus, he was able to start creating the final version. This landscape ideally met all the author's intentions and fully corresponded to the concept of a romantic landscape: unusual and contrasting. In addition, for a contemporary reader of Lermontov, the very concept of the Caucasus served as a synonym for freedom and free-thinking, since everyone objectionable to the regime was exiled there (this is how the author himself ended up there). The Caucasus was a kind of password, after reading which the reader tuned in the right way - and did not remain deceived.

The landscape in the poem is presented from two points of view: the way the author sees it, and the way Mtsyri sees it. These two views sometimes merge into one, and deeply poetic, inspired descriptions of the nature he saw sound from the lips of the character. At such moments, it seems that Lermontov himself speaks for his hero, that he shares his pain and his passion for freedom with the reader ...

How the heart beat faster

At the sight of the sun and fields ...

The first landscape that appears before the reader is a dull and sad monastic landscape. Describing it, as opposed to subsequent images of wildlife, sparingly and dryly, Lermontov immediately outlines a romantic conflict between two worlds: the world of freedom and unfreedom. Note that nowhere in the poem is it mentioned in detail how badly Mtsyri lived in the monastery.
But this can be easily guessed from his enthusiastic account of what he saw during the short three days of his escape. Sunlight, a light breeze, flowering plants and singing birds - that's all the charm of life that Mtsyri, locked in stone walls, was deprived of. Thus, through the landscape, the problem of freedom and lack of freedom, the problem of life taken away from Mtsyra, is introduced into the poem. "I'm young, young!" - Mtsyri exclaims with pain, fascinated by the beauty of the vast world that opened before him. In this exclamation, there is a passionate desire to get to know life more deeply, to enjoy all its manifestations - and all these desires are awakened in Mtsyri by the landscape. And thanks to the views of the mountains that opened before him, the main character remembers his family. The vague memories taken from him by the monastery form into a clear picture. So Mtsyri comes to realize what is most important for him in life, so the dream of getting home is born in his soul.

Throughout the story, the landscape reflects changes in the mood of Mtsyri, it changes along with him. At the very beginning of Mtsyri's wanderings, everything is depicted in a major note, the colors of nature are bright and lively: “blue sky”, “white caravan”, “transparent greenery” and “golden east”. The space feels huge and free: “lush fields”, “overgrown trees”. But then Mtsyri realizes that his dream is impossible, and the world around him is changing. Now he has a dark forest in front of him, leading the hero astray, scorching heat, "thorns tangled with ivy." The space narrows, pushing Mtsyri back into his cell-prison. It can be seen here that the role of the landscape in the poem "Mtsyri" is not limited to one background against which the story unfolds. On the contrary, in some places the landscape, as it were, itself forms further events, leading the hero to a completely natural ending.

In the second part of the poem, Lermontov uses the method of personifying nature. His poetic mastery is especially evident in the culminating episode with the leopard: the night forest freezes, watching the terrible battle, and itself reminds the reader of a living and unkind creature:

impenetrable wall

Surrounded, in front of me

There was a field. Suddenly in her

A shadow flashed, and two lights

Sparks flew...

The leopard himself is also perceived as a rational being with his own bad will - he, like the thicket, blocks Mtsyri's way to his homeland. In this episode, Lermontov's innovation is shown, because he uses a romantic landscape, usually used exclusively to express the feelings of the protagonist, for completely different purposes. The landscape acquires human features and becomes the antagonist of Mtsyra. Even nature rebels against the hero, and we see what the role of the landscape is in Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" - it consists in creating a motif of absolute loneliness. The tragedy of Mtsyra is that none of the two worlds, neither the monastic nor the natural, turned out to be truly native to him, he was expelled from everywhere. Yes, nature gave him a sense of freedom, but she also destroyed him, and therefore:

As soon as dawn came

A scorching ray burned her

A flower bred in prison...

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1. I consider his poem “Mtsyri” to be one of the best works. This work most strongly reflects the writer's and life searches of the author, his difficult thoughts, philosophical questions,...

The poem "Mtsyri", one of the most famous poems of Lermontov, has many undeniable artistic merits. One of them is conciseness. Only two heroes participate in the whole work, and this is enough for the full disclosure of the idea. But, speaking of the heroes in Mtsyri, one should not forget about another important character: nature. The description of the relationship between Mtsyra and nature in this case is necessary not only for the background. This is the most important aspect of revealing the inner world of the hero.

The poem begins with a detailed description of the monastery, which stands in a picturesque place at the confluence of two rivers. From the first lines it really breathes with peace: even the stormy rivers of the Caucasus here embrace like sisters. This creates a contrast with further events.

A young novice who has run away from a monastery disappears on an autumn night. This time was chosen for a reason, because in the romantic tradition, to which the poem belongs, autumn is a symbol of loneliness, loss. That is how lonely Mtsyri himself is, deprived of his relatives. Describing autumn as a time for escape, Lermontov, as it were, predicts the future fate of the fugitive. They are looking for him, and the landscape immediately changes dramatically: "Dark forest / Stretched around the mountains." There are notes of anxiety. At the same time, the description “stretched around the mountains” conveys a sense of freedom, a huge expanse to which Mtsyri runs away. This space seems dangerous to the monks, but the fugitive perceives it in a completely different way. This is how Mtsyri himself speaks about this, having made the desired escape “from stuffy cells and prayers / To that wonderful world of worries and battles, / Where rocks hide in the clouds, / Where people are free like eagles” ...

So, with the help of a picture of nature in the poem "Mtsyri", from the very first lines, the opposition "nature - monastery" is set. It is understood differently by the monks and the protagonist, and therefore a conflict is created by a simple description of the landscape.

The introduction to the poem is very short, while the subsequent lines are devoted to the three days that Mtsyri lived in the wild. Everything that Mtsyri saw is essentially his life, its most vivid impressions. The pictures of nature that he draws attention to, and the image of nature that he conveys in his confession, are very important for understanding his character. Let us follow after Mtsyri the landscapes that opened before him.

At first, the picture of the world stretched before the hero is beautiful and cloudless. These are “lush fields”, trees that have come together in a clearing like brothers in a dance, mountain ranges “fancy as dreams”. Lermontov through the eyes of Mtsyri describes the picturesque nature of the Caucasus, which is hard not to fall in love with at least once seeing it. "Mtsyri" refers to romantic poems and, since they are characterized by the development of the plot against the backdrop of an unusual landscape, this choice of the author is fully justified. But nature here is not only a background, it conveys all the changes in the inner world of the hero. The Caucasus was called the land of freedom, and, indeed, the view of its mountains and vast forests gives an amazing feeling of freedom. Mtsyri also sees all this, he is delighted and intoxicated with his feelings: “And it was easy for my heart / I don’t know why” ... The beauty of the world around him gives him priceless memories of his family, which he would be deprived of in a monastery.

But the Caucasus is not only beautiful, it is a wild and original land. The landscape is changing. Now a thunderstorm is raging before Mtsyri's eyes. She will certainly scare the obedient monks, who are afraid of God's wrath, while Mtsyri wants to fraternize with the wind and lightning: "Oh, I'm like a brother / I would be glad to embrace the storm!" Through this description of the storm, Lermontov shows that his hero is endowed with a "stormy" heart. Here he appears before us as a child of nature, who is not afraid of the night mountains, snakes, jackals. Yes, they all pose a danger, but nevertheless it is among people, and not in nature, that Mtsyri feels like an outcast. And here the role of nature in "Mtsyri" becomes especially important, as it helps to convey the romantic conflict of the poem. Through the unity of the hero with nature, his alienation from people is fully revealed.
Until now, we have been talking about the landscape in the poem exclusively as a romantic landscape. At the same time, along with romantic descriptions of the surrounding reality, a completely realistic view of the world is given in the work. This is the view of Mtsyra himself. He perceives nature not enthusiastically, but as it is, in integrity. Both calm and disturbing pictures, and the serenity of the morning and the roar of the stream, and the absolute darkness of the night, and the incredible heat of the day - all this seems natural to the hero. Mtsyri sees nature in all its harmony, without choosing one thing from it, and this testifies to the breadth of his inner world.

And yet Mtsyri is a romantic. That is why figurative descriptions appear in the poem, given as if on behalf of Mtsyri himself. Everything that the hero does not look at is transformed under the influence of his emotions and is described figuratively, vividly. The “conversation” of stones, flowers and the stream is what, according to him, becomes clear to him, this is what he remembers. In this way, nature is personified, enters into a dialogue with the hero: "And the darkness watched the night with a million black eyes." Note that the personification in the work is a very common technique and creates a feeling of wildlife participating in the action of the poem along with the hero. The culmination of this action is reached in the episode of the battle with the leopard. Mtsyri, until now only an observer, comes face to face with nature.

The battle scene is undoubtedly the most colorful in the poem. To create the necessary atmosphere, Lermontov uses all sorts of artistic means here: epithets (to describe the strength of the beast and hero), metaphors, comparisons (like a pair of snakes; as if I myself were born in a family of leopards and wolves), antitheses. Personification is also used, and not only the leopard, but also everything around is endowed with anthropomorphic features: the night shadow, the forest in which the event takes place and the moon watching it. All nature comes to life and attacks Mtsyri, but he defeats her.

In this episode, the role of describing nature in Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" acquires special significance, because through the confrontation with it, the hero reveals himself as a strong and courageous person, like who he could become. An interesting technique is the mutual transformation of the fighters into each other. The leopard groans "like a man", and Mtsyri "squeals" like a beast. This once again emphasizes the unity of the hero and nature.

The image of a mountain stream, a thunderstorm, a leopard - they all play a huge role in the work, adding more and more new strokes to the portrait of the hero. Watching a seething stream, Mtsyri sees "an incessant murmur, an eternal argument / With a stubborn pile of stones." In the same way, he himself tirelessly struggles with his fate. However, just as it is useless for a stream to argue with a stone channel, so Mtsyri, exhausted, returns to the monastery. Here he bitterly admits: although he considered himself a true son of nature, the prison changed him, severed his connection with the outside world. The hero dies, and the landscape above him is again replaced by a serene one. The acacia blossoms, the sun plays in the garden, the blue day shines. This, on the one hand, sets off the inner storm in Mtsyri's soul, and on the other hand, completes the poem. The hero dies reconciled with this world, and his last glance rests on the distant Caucasus.

Answering the question of what role nature plays in the poem "Mtsyri", we highlight the following points:
a) creation and disclosure of a romantic image of the hero through a romantic landscape;
b) the image of the exotic nature of the Caucasus to comply with the laws of the romantic genre;
c) the formation of the conflict of the poem by opposing free nature to the oppression of society (monastery).

In descriptions of nature, Lermontov reveals all the richness of his poetic language. Often he uses epithets and comparisons already familiar to romantic literature (sparkle like a diamond; slender like a poplar). But at the same time, the author creates his own, highly artistic descriptions. After reading them, one can confidently answer Mtsyri’s question “is the earth beautiful”, since Lermontov’s poem serves as a hymn to this earth.

The materials presented in this article will be useful for 8th grade students when preparing essays on the topics "Nature in the understanding of Mtsyri" or "Man and nature in Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri"".

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The poem "Mtsyri" was written in 1839, shortly before Lermontov's death. This is one of his last works, a kind of result of the entire creative path. The poem embodied late, mature Lermontov's romanticism - a direction that the poet followed to one degree or another throughout his life.

All the ideas of the poet's late lyrics were reflected in this work. By the end of his life, the theme of loneliness became the leading theme in Lermontov's work. But, in comparison with the early lyrics, now the loneliness of the lyrical hero is perceived as his freedom, that is, he considered for himself the principle of romantic dualism in a new way (the traditional principle of the Romantics, built on the difference for the poet of the world “here” and the world “there”, opposition ideal and real). Thus, the poet came to a new perception of the relationship between the hero and the outside world.

Of great importance in revealing the image of the lonely, suffering and free Mtsyri is the romantic landscape. In general, it is one of the most meaningful compositional components of a work of art. It does not carry independent value, it is almost never just an objectively real image of nature, especially in a romantic work, where it is sharply subjective, symbolic and obeys the principle of psychological parallelism - that is, likening the internal state of a person to living nature. In other words, for romantics, nature is a peculiar way of seeing and depicting the world.

"Mtsyri" is a typical romantic poem. It is built on the idea of ​​duality and contrast. A distinctive feature of Lermontov-romantics is precisely that in his poems one can find a wide variety of conflicts. One of the main ones is the contrast between the world of the monastery, a prison for Mtsyra, and the world of nature, the embodiment of freedom, which Lermontov resorted to more than once in his early lyrics. The conflict between the two opposite worlds of the monastery contrasts sharply with the vivid description of the forest, the river, the storm and the leopard. Throughout the poem, the landscape is the background of the action, which not only adds color to the flaring confrontation, but also helps to understand the nature of the conflict.

The landscape of the world, which is located outside the walls of the monastery, mainly forms the image of Mtsyri himself. The hero is identified with nature, by depicting its various states, the poet artistically conveys the various states of the soul of a young man - from a storm that can destroy everything in its path, to a quiet dawn, striking with its harmony.

Nature for Lermontov is a living being. Human suffering is not alien to him; with the help of the landscape, the author manages to describe the inner world of the hero with unusual accuracy.

From extremely stingy sketches of the landscape of the monastery, Lermontov moves on to the embodiment of freedom - the nature of the forest, he describes an unusual, demonic riot of sounds and colors.

One of the climaxes of the poem is the meeting of the hero with the leopard. In it, the author shows the complete unity of Mtsyri with nature. The description of the battle is in perfect harmony with the landscape, the world seemed to freeze under the moon, watching the battle; a fairy-tale glade in the forest is an arena for a fight between a romantic hero and a beast, the embodiment of nature itself.

In the scene of the battle with the leopard, along with the antithesis, personification is used. The author departed from the description of the general image of nature. He endows the leopard, the moon and the forest with human qualities. This organically complements the classic romantic landscape. One feels a kind of tension in the air, which cannot leave the reader indifferent. In this scene, all the riot of nature, described during the escape of Mtsyra, is now reflected in the soul of the reader; By this the author emphasizes the importance of the episode.

But other descriptions are no less interesting. At the very beginning of the poem, the author, through the mouth of Mtsyra, makes unusually accurate sketches of landscapes that the unfortunate young man managed to enjoy during his three short days in the wild. And here the method of personification is widely used: the trees, embracing like brothers, are dancing in a circular dance, two cliffs above the river dream of uniting with each other, their desire is so clear to the former recluse: they also yearn for freedom, as he yearned, languishing in his prison, to unite with nature. Here the thought appears that Mtsyri's dream will also not come true to the end.

The view of the mountain landscape reminded the fugitive of his childhood, his native village. And now a vision is already before my eyes - moonlit evenings, the brilliance of weapons, my father on a horse. He remembers the sounds of songs and speeches of his sisters, and the stories of the old people.

One of the most striking and important images is the image of a mountain stream:

…Although without words

I understood that conversation

Silent murmur, eternal dispute

With a stubborn pile of stones.

Mtsyri understands the flow because it is his soul; also strengthened by a thunderstorm, it rose up and broke the old channel. But it is useless to argue with heavy stones, the hero laments.

With an abundance of various images and combinations of landscapes, Lermontov achieves the full disclosure of the image of the protagonist. As in any romantic work, in this poem the landscapes form the image of the hero, forcing him to play with all possible shades of feelings. In general, we can say that the landscape in "Mtsyra" is a typical example of a romantic landscape, with all its functions, features and characteristics, which, of course, testifies to the purity of the style of the work.