Scientists, theologians, philosophers - everyone has been trying since ancient times to answer the question of where man came from on Earth. At the same time, theorists were divided into three camps: some believe in God's providence, others in Darwin, and others in alien intervention.

According to Darwin's theory, man descended from Neanderthal man, that is, he gradually evolved from a monkey to a humanoid creature. But how did Cro-Magnons, tall, slender and beautiful, appear instead of the bestial Neanderthals forty thousand years ago? After all, the study of the genetic code of a Neanderthal man showed a very big difference with the genetic code of a Cro-Magnon man, that is, a modern type of person.

Perhaps this mystery can be solved with the help of ancient legends, in which there are always references to certain gods who came from the sky, flying deities who descended to Earth and took the most beautiful girls as wives. “They began to go in to the daughters of men, and they began to give birth to them,” the ancient texts say.

Similar facts are described in many sources and even in the Bible. There is a version that these long-standing contacts led to the mixing of blood and the birth of healthy, beautiful people.

Mysterious aliens in ancient times intervened in many earthly events; they often reconciled warring tribes and stopped wars. The writings of the prophet Ezekiel narrating events that took place at the beginning of the sixth century BC, in particular, tell about the incident when he was on the Chebar River among the migrants.

At that moment, people were thinking about how to get to the other side of the river. Suddenly a phenomenon unusual for that time appeared: “...a large cloud, fire, and spreading glow appeared. The likeness of four animals flew out of the fire; they had an appearance similar to that of a human.

They had wings, and ordinary hands were visible under them. The wings touched each other, keeping them in the air. If the movement of the wings stopped, then they seemed to cover the bodies of these creatures.” One can only envy the accuracy and detail of the description of those events.

The Bible mentions the most ancient encounters between man and aliens, and describes in detail the “angels” who visited the city of Sodom. According to biblical texts, these “angels” needed food and shelter, and physiologically they were so similar to people that the local “men” almost “dishonored” them. The "Angels" had to flee the city. After this, Sodom was destroyed. Holy Scripture talks about angels as humanoid creatures.

However, it may very well be that everything is just the opposite - the Cro-Magnon man, that is, a modern type of man, who miraculously appeared on Earth overnight, is “angel-like.” This fantastic hypothesis is still waiting to be confirmed.

It is believed that humanity in a civilized form, that is, when it began to use writing, appeared about five thousand years ago. By the standards of the Universe, this is a very short period of time. Official science prefers to delicately sidestep the question of the existence of previously highly developed civilizations.

There is constant emphasis on the fact that the current generation of people is the only one on the planet that has reached the pinnacle of development in technical terms, although many indirect evidence suggests that this is not so.

In addition to Atlantis, described in their dialogues by Plato and Herodotus, and the legendary northern country of Hyperborea, there were also mainland states that reached unprecedented prosperity at the same time. Even with all the disdainful attitude of many historians towards such mythical peoples, some artifacts confirming their existence have been found, and many of them are on the territory of modern China. In contrast

from the island states that ceased to exist due to natural disasters and went under water, the territory of the ancient Chinese empire was preserved much better. Archaeologists have discovered pyramidal structures similar to those in Egypt and South America.

By the way, not so long ago, Novosibirsk scientists confirmed the existence in ancient times of a single Arctic continent - Arctida-Hyperborea. According to their research, published in the international journal Precambrian Research, Franz Josef Land, the Spitsbergen archipelago, the Kara Sea shelf and the New Siberian Islands used to be one continent.
At the same time, researchers were able to prove that the continent of Arctida existed twice, with a difference of 500 million years.

Before this, it was believed that after the collapse of the continent, the relief acquired its modern appearance. However, recent studies have shown that 250 million years ago, parts of the continent were reunited again, and only after the second disintegration were the coastline shapes that we can see now formed.

This discovery once again confirmed that the Indian and Slavic legends about the distant northern ancestral home are not a myth, but a description, albeit very ancient, but very real events of the past of humanity, in contrast to the official version of history.

The ancient Egyptians, Chinese, Atlanteans, Hyperboreans, peoples of the South American or African continents were united by the possession of technologies that were fantastic even for our time. Scientists still have not been able to find the answer to how they managed to lift giant blocks during the construction of the pyramids or install giant statues on Easter Island.

And there are many such examples. Take, for example, the mythical Tower of Babel, mentioned in biblical history. The described structure is reminiscent of modern skyscrapers, and accordingly, it is impossible to build it without accurate calculations of loads and analyzes of the rocks under the structure.

Made only of stone, without a metal frame, the building would not be able to support even its own weight or would tilt, as happened with the Leaning Tower of Pisa. It is possible that the structure in Babylon (like the pyramids) also had a completely different purpose in technical terms. There is no reliable evidence that the tower had a round base, so it is possible that the Babylonians also built a pyramid. Subsequently, as we know, the building was destroyed, and the city itself fell into decay.

The legends of all these peoples always mention certain gods who came from the sky... and then follows a description of some apparatus, identified by contemporaries with some fantastic creature.

Why does no one know exactly how and when man appeared on Earth? After all, knowledge about nature and the teachings of great philosophers came to us thousands of years later. But knowledge about how the pyramids were built has disappeared. Knowledge about the first man also disappeared. Maybe they were deliberately “erased” from people’s memory?

So where does the human race come from? With each subsequent discovery in genetics, there are fewer and fewer supporters of Darwinism, and there is more and more evidence of the impossibility of the independent origin of species.

The version of the intervention of extraterrestrial intelligence is the most relevant today, especially since it is quite organically linked with religious teachings, not only current ones, but also those that have long been artifacts.

The origin of the Korean language is still a subject of heated debate and heated debate among all linguists. This question was first raised in the 19th century. Western scientists when the first contacts between Korea and other countries began. Western. Then various theories appeared according to which the Korean language was related to the Ural-Altaic, Japanese, Tibetan, Tungus-Manchu and other languages. The most popular among linguists involved in comparative linguistics was the theory of genetic kinship between the Korean language and the Altaic family of languages ​​(this family includes the Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus-Manchu languages). Most likely, supporters of this theory were attracted by the fact that both Korean and Altaic languages ​​belong to agglutinative languages. With agglutination, derivative words and grammatical forms are formed by attaching affixes (prefixes, infixes, suffixes) to the root, which are conjugated with each other without undergoing significant sound changes. With agglutination, each affix has only one grammatical meaning, for example, number or case, as in Kazakh: at-horse, attar - horse, atta - on horse. The most important common features of the Korean and Altai languages ​​are further euphony of vowels, the absence of relative pronouns and conjunctions, the absence of alternation of consonants and vowels, restriction of consonantism at the beginning of a word (when certain consonants cannot appear at the beginning of a word, for example, initially there were no words in the Korean and Altai languages starting with “ r “, ” b” etc.

The theory of the common origin of the Korean and Japanese languages ​​arose at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. due to attempts to find out the genealogy of the latter. A set of common features between Korean and Altaic languages ​​is also valid for the Japanese language, with the exception of the feature of vowel euphony. The structural similarity of the Korean and Japanese languages ​​is more than obvious, which cannot be said in lexico-grammatical terms. Well-known researcher of the history of the Korean language, Lee Ki-moon, notes that linguists have counted only about 200 words and 15 endings that are very similar in both languages.

Thus, most modern linguists recognize a distant rather than a close relationship between the Korean and Altaic languages. In contrast, the theory of close connections between three language groups: Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic is very widespread among them. It can be assumed that they branched off from one common proto-language (Altai). Now it is still difficult to answer the question: what kind of connection existed between the language that preceded Korean (Puyeo - Khan's proto-language) and ancient Altai. It is possible that Puyo-Khan is a branch of the Altai proto-language or that they both go back to an older common language.

The ancient Korean language can be broadly divided into two groups: the northern “Buyeong” and the southern “Han”. The language of the first group was spoken by tribes living in Manchuria and North Korea, namely in the states of Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okcho and Ye, of which the leading role was occupied by the Goguryeo tribes. The Han language was spoken by the South Korean tribes who founded the three Han states: Chin Han, Mahan and Pyohang. Chhinhan, the most powerful of these three states, founded the kingdom of Silla, which, in alliance with Tang China, subjugated the state of Baekje in the southwest in 660 and in 668. Goguryeo in the north. The creation of a unified Silla state was a major event in Korean history. In the VII-VIII centuries. Silla became a powerful centralized state. It was headed by the van (king), who relied on the administrative apparatus, which included central departments in the capital and the country's bureaucratic network, divided into 9 regions and 400 districts. Agriculture, the basis of the economic system, as well as crafts and trade, successfully developed in Silla. Significant progress has been made in science, education and culture. Oral folk art became widespread, and classical fiction, especially lyric poetry, was born. As a result, the linguistic unity of the country was achieved based on the Silla language.

At the end of the 7th and beginning of the 9th centuries. The Silla state is gradually declining. The country is rocked by peasant uprisings and internecine strife. The new unification of the country was carried out by the famous commander Wang Gon, who proclaimed himself in 918. king of the state of Koryo, where the modern name of Korea comes from. The political and cultural center of the new state entity was moved to the city of Kaesong, located in the middle of the peninsula. Thus, the Kaesong dialect became the norm of the country's unified national language.

In 1392 the famous military leader and politician Lee Song-gye overthrew the last king of the state of Koryo and proclaimed himself the king of a new dynasty that ruled Korea until 1910. The capital of the Joseon state, named in memory of ancient Joseon, was moved to the small city of Hanseong, later renamed Seoul. Since the new capital was geographically located not far from Kaesong, the formation of the Korean language continued its further development.

The genesis of the Korean language cannot be understood without taking into account the long and sometimes powerful political and cultural influence of China, as clearly evidenced in both written and spoken Korean. Many researchers tend to believe that over 60% of Korean words are of Chinese origin. They also note that the 25-year colonial rule of Japan, the violent assimilation policy, which even went as far as repression for the use of the native language, did not leave a clearly tangible “Japanese trace” in the Korean language, although, of course, they significantly restrained the development of a single literary language .

The formation after the Second World War of two Korean states with different political regimes, the fratricidal bloody war and the split of the country inevitably led to different paths of language construction. Since vocabulary is the most variable in a language, today a significant difference has arisen in the vocabulary, especially with regard to neologisms, terms, and, above all, socio-political ones. It is not difficult to guess that the South Korean press and literature, and over time, the spoken language, included a lot of borrowings from the English language and Americanisms. In North Korea, it must be assumed, they also used not only Soviet material and financial assistance, but also the experience of socialist construction, which, naturally, required appropriate ideological terms - borrowings from the Russian language. The above fully applies to the German language in the former GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany, but in the separate German states there has always been (with only minor differences) a single spelling and writing system, which cannot be said about the states separated by the 38th parallel. While North Korea has completely abandoned the “reactionary, anti-people” character, in the South they continue to be widely used. To see the huge difference between the two Korean states, it is enough to look not only at store windows, but also at their signs, that is, what is written and how it is written.

Kim German Nikolaevich, professor, doctor of historical sciences, head. department Korean Studies, Faculty of Oriental Studies, Kazakh National University. al-Farabi, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty.

There are several hypotheses about the origin of the word “Rus”. They are different from each other, but each has its own rationale.

The Slavic hypothesis states that in the VIII-IX centuries. there was a tribe among the Eastern Slavs that populated the middle reaches of the Dnieper: from Kyiv and along the Rosi River to its tributary Rossava. At the mouth of the Ros there was the city of Rodnya. Yaropolk fled to this city from his brother Vladimir the Saint. When the Varangians came to these places, they began to call the land Russia.

According to the Sarmatian hypothesis, it was believed that the Rus were direct descendants of the Sarmatian tribes of the Roxolans and Rosomans. From these names, over time, the word Rus appeared. Mikhail Lomonosov also adhered to this theory.

The Swedish hypothesis proposes the theory that from the 6th to the 9th centuries, Northwestern Russia was inhabited by Finnish tribes. The Swedes, who visited these lands in Norman and Varangian guise, nicknamed the Finnish tribes Ruotsi, Roots, Rotsi.

There is also a military hypothesis, according to which, when the Old Russian state was just emerging, the military class was called “Rus”. Later, “Rus” began to be called the form of government, and then the entire people.

Origin of the word "Russia"

Konstantin Porphyrogenitus in his writings “On Ceremonies” first used the word “Russia”. The Byzantine Greeks pronounced Rus as Russia. The term “Russia” was used back in the time of Ivan III, but at that time it did not receive its official status.

First there was the Grand Duchy of Moscow, headed by Ivan III. On January 16, 1547, after Prince Ivan IV accepted the title of Tsar, the Russian Kingdom was proclaimed, and in the Byzantine style it was called the Russian Kingdom. Why exactly the name Russian Kingdom took root, and not Russian or Russia, is unknown; perhaps the change of name was influenced by the Ros River, or perhaps it was simply much easier for Russians to pronounce the word “Russia” due to the peculiarities of articulation.

"Russian Tsardom" was the official name of present-day Russia until 1721. In 1721, Peter I proclaimed the Russian Empire. During his reign, the term “Russia” was finally consolidated. The coins of Peter I were engraved with “Tsar Peter Alekseevich, Ruler of All Russia.”

Actually, at present, the name “Russia” does not go beyond the borders of Russia itself and other East Slavic countries, since Russia in Greek and Latin sounds like “Russia”, pronounced “Russia”. Theories about the origin of the name still continue to emerge.

Do you know the feeling when, at night, sitting in the kitchen with loved ones, you talk about such spatial things as the origin of man? Such intimate conversations are regulars at feasts. Traditionally, this rhetorical question is raised at lectures in universities during courses in anthropology, theology and related disciplines. Also, the vast majority of parents sooner or later received similar questions from their why girls.

In whatever situation you are faced with the question – where did a person come from – you will not give and will not receive an exact answer. It’s surprising, really, because it’s the 21st century!

Today we will talk about where man came from.

A RIDDLE THAT CAN'T BE SOLVED

It would seem that it could be simpler. If we (modern humanity represented by great minds) were able to replace manual labor with machine labor, send a person into space, invent the Internet, etc. - in a word, we have reached incredible heights in intellectual and technological development, why can’t we still find an answer to a completely logical question.

There are an endless number of theories about the origin of man (anthropogenesis), however, none of them is generally accepted. And if some assumptions seem quite well-reasoned, others are full of absurdity and “made up out of thin air.” Judge for yourself!

SCIENTIFIC VISION

The origin of man has worried the minds of scientists and ordinary people since time immemorial. In scientific circles, evolutionary theory occupies a key place.

DARWIN'S THEORY

Charles Darwin believed that there was some kind of connecting link between humans and modern apes. Both originate from this common ancestor.

It is believed that the path from the closest to the ancestral form of man (Australopithecus) to modern man took about 4 million years:

• Australopithecus (Australopithecus);
• Homo habilis (Homo habilis);
• Homo erectus;
• The oldest homo sapiens (Homo sapiens);
• Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis);
• New Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens sapiens).

In brief, Darwin's theory of evolution and Darwinism, which was formed on the basis of its postulates - the direction of supporters of evolutionary thought - can be presented as follows:

AQUATIC THEORY

In the 1920s, Alistair Hardy proposed an aquatic theory of human origins, based in part on the evolutionary one. The marine biologist subsequently enlisted the support of the respected German scientist Max Westenhoffer. They argued that the stimulating factor in the entry of great apes to a new stage of evolutionary development is water. Thus, the hypothetical ancestor of humans is Hydropithecus (more than 12 million years ago) - a monkey leading a predominantly aquatic lifestyle. This fact, according to Hardy and Westenhoffer, explains the lack of dense hair in modern humans, who in the course of evolution went through the stages from Hydropithecus to Homo erectus, and then to Homo sapiens.

RELIGIOUS VIEWS

Each culture tried to give its own interpretation of the events that took place. Their descendants interpreted the memories in a unique manner. Orally, and then in writing, they passed them on to new members of society - this is how myths were born, which formed the basis of religions. The myths that can be traced in all religions without exception are cosmogonic, telling about the origin of the world, and anthropogonic, about the origin of man.

Creationism is a religious concept according to which man was created by some higher being as a result of a supernatural creative act - God or several Gods/Deities.

• The theory of the creation of man by God out of nothing is based on the similarity of myths of different cultures. Orthodox theologians and followers of a number of religions believe that this version is the only correct one and does not need proof.
• Unlike them evolutionary theologians allow for the possibility of biological evolution. According to their views, animal species can change from one to another. The guiding force lies in God's will. They recognize that man could also have appeared from beings whose organization is at a lower level, however, the spirit has been unchanged since creation, and improvement is due to the will of the Creator.

Naturally, due to the peculiarities of the worldview of peoples, the details of myths vary. Let's briefly highlight some of them.

BIBLE THEORY

The origin of the world is described in the opening chapters of the Book of Genesis.

The first man - Adam - was created on the sixth day of the creation of the world in the image and likeness of God. As a mate for him, placed in Eden, God created Eve from Adam's rib. Violation of God's Commandment (eating the forbidden fruit) led to their expulsion from Paradise, after which they were forced to earn their own food, and from them the entire human race subsequently descended.

ISLAMIC FAITH

The creation of man, according to the Koran, took place in two stages:

1. The first stage is the creation of the common ancestor of all humanity (Adam) from clay. Allah gave him the appearance of a man, and then breathed spirit into him and endowed him with reason. From his lower left rib, Chavva (biblical Eve) was created - his wife. The first couple of people settled in Paradise, where they were allowed to eat any good things. The ban was imposed on a single tree. Shaitan seduced Adam and Havva, and they disobeyed by eating the fruits of that tree. They realized their sin and repented, for which they were forgiven by Allah. The Lord brought them down to Earth, where, together with their descendants, they must go through all the tests sent to them in order to return to Him.
2. The second stage is the multiplication of the human race and its settlement throughout the Earth. The human embryo is formed from the mixed drop of both parents. The further process is described in detail in the 23rd Sura, 13-14 verses.

SUMERIAN VARIATION

The Sumerian-Babylonian myths tell the story of the creation of man to serve the Gods. His mother Nammu, the primordial ocean, made this request to the God of wisdom and the depths of the sea, Enki. The creation of man comes from a certain “being” that already existed on Earth. Having sculpted the first man from a mixture of clay, God's blood and other ingredients, Adam was used as a genetic model to create male and female physiological copies.

REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

The myth about the origin of man in Ancient Egypt is considered one of the most beautiful. The Creator Nun (the huge endless ocean) remained motionless for many millennia. The appearance on its surface of the first God Atum, who with incredible efforts broke away from the waters of the ocean, marked the beginning of the creation of the world and the rest of the Gods. On the hill he created, Atum thought about replenishing the waters of the ocean, and for this purpose created the God of wind Shu and the Goddess of moisture Teftun - the first divine couple. Having lost his “children” in the darkness, he sent his eye to search for them. Not hoping for his return, Atum created another one for himself. After many years, the original eye returned along with Shu and Teftun, and was angry at the replacement. Then Atum invited him to take a place on his forehead. However, anger turned the eye into a cobra, and Atum placed it in this form on his face so that he could observe the world he had created. A snow-white lotus soon grew from the ocean, and from it, in turn, the sun god Ra appeared. Seeing Atum, Shu and Teftun, Ra began to cry, and his tears, falling to the ground, turned into people.

The motifs of the myth are reflected in the decoration of the crowns of the Egyptian pharaohs

HINDU VERSION

The ancient Hindus believed that they appeared thanks to the self-sacrifice of the proto-god Purusha. The creation of the Universe and man in particular is described in the Rig Veda:

• From the mouth of Pirusha, the Brahmins were created - the Varna class, recognized to protect the law among people;
• From the hands - kshatriyas - warriors and managers who were supposed to protect the divine order with the help of force and action;
• From the hips - Vaishyas - the foundation of society and world order: farmers, artisans, cattle breeders;
• From the feet - sudras - servants who do dirty work, hired workers.

INDIAN WORLDVIEW

The Indians of North and South America have many colorful myths that highlight the creation of the first people. More often than others, mud or clay is used as a material for the creation of man in Indian myths.

1. In the tribe Iroquois were of the opinion that Ioskeha - the personification of spring, the twin antagonist of the God of winter, darkness and cold (Taviskaron) blinded the first people from clay, observing his own reflection in the water surface.
2. Indian tribe Cahuilla people came from black mud, which a demiurge named Mukat took from his own heart.
3. The epic book Popol Vuh tells the story of the origins of civilization. Mayan, the creation of the world and people. The gods made several attempts. First, they created clay “people” who turned out ugly and soulless. The second time, it was decided to create people from trees, however, the idols turned out to be unreasonable and heartless. The third attempt to create people was the grinding of corn cobs, from which the Gods kneaded dough and made the first intelligent people.
4. Aztecs They believed that people were created by the wind god Quetzalcoatl, after the restoration of the destroyed world. To do this, he went down to the underworld to get the bones of the last race of people who turned into fish. There, a test awaited him from the God of Death, which ended in Quetzalcoatl’s death. Having resurrected, he collected the broken bones of human ancestors and brought them to the goddess Cihuacoatl. She ground the bones and put them in a special clay vessel. The Gods gathered around the container sprinkled the ground bones with drops of their blood, giving life to the modern human race.

BELIEFS OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS

According to the beliefs of the ancient Greeks, recorded in writing in Hesiod's Theogony, man was created by Prometheus. Titan sculpted people from earth and water, or, according to another version, from clay. Athena, the goddess of organized war and wisdom, gave them breath. Prometheus is credited with teaching people crafts, reading and writing. Next, he stole fire from Olympus for people, hiding the spark in a hollow reed stalk, for which he was subsequently severely punished.

SPACE THEORIES

Cosmic ideas that tell of extraterrestrial origins are especially popular. Man, according to the supporters of the theories described below, is a direct descendant of alien beings, or is the fruit of experiments by extraterrestrial intelligence. As evidence, they cite arguments such as the impossibility of creating such large-scale architectural structures in that period, the depiction of modern inventions in ancient caves, etc. According to most scientists, these ideas are the most exotic and least likely.

INTERVENTION THEORY

The cosmic version of the creation of man is based on the activities of foreign civilizations - people are considered the descendants of alien creatures that landed on our planet millions of years ago. There are several possible scenarios:

• Humans appeared as a result of the interbreeding of aliens with human ancestors.
• Higher forms of intelligence, using genetic engineering, bred Homo sapiens from the flask and their own DNA.
• The origin of humans is an erroneous result of experiments on animals.
• Alien intervention in the evolution of Homo sapiens.

In favor of the theory of intervention, like-minded people cite arguments in the form of numerous drawings, recordings and other evidence of the assistance of supernatural forces provided to ancient people. For example, there is an opinion that the Mayan Indians were enlightened by extraterrestrial creatures that had wings and cut through the sky in chariots.

Another proof is almost 10,000 stones, decorated with incredible designs that can be seen in Cabrera Museum (Peru, Ica). The prehistoric people depicted on them wear modern hats, clothes and shoes. The stones depict scenes reminiscent of the process of organ transplantation, caesarean section and blood transfusion. Some of them feature fights with dinosaurs.

Peruvian stone, engraved ca. 65 million years ago

It is noteworthy that the invention of the telescope is attributed to Galileo to Galilei(1609), which the above figure makes us immediately doubt.

There is also a theory that suggests that an alien intelligence laid out the program for humanity from the moment of the origin of man to the peak of his evolutionary development.

THEORY OF SPACES ANOMALIES

A lot of controversy has been generated by the fantastic theory of anthropogenesis, whose followers are convinced of the accidental appearance of man on Earth. People are the fruit of an anomaly of parallel spaces. Their progenitors are humanoid civilizations, personifying a mix of Matter, Energy and Aura.

According to this theory, there are millions of planets in the Universe with similar biospheres that were created by a single information substance. Favorable conditions lead to the emergence of life, that is, the humanoid mind.

ALTERNATIVE VERSIONS

By alternative we mean points of view that cannot be classified into any of the above categories of theories of human origins.

ANGELS AND GIANTS

Human ancestors could have been angels and/or giants. Allegedly, certain chiropteran creatures have inhabited the entire planet since time immemorial. Their appearance resembled a harpy - a combination of bird and human. Arguments in favor of the existence of such creatures are considered to be numerous rock carvings, as well as discovered humanoid skeletons of gigantic size. Angel is considered the progenitor of such giants. The giants disappeared when the Higher powers stopped descending to Earth, and the height of people gradually became much shorter.

ANOTHER RACE

Professor of Medicine Ernst Muldashev suggests that humans are not at all the first intelligent beings on Earth. He believes that at different times different intelligent races already lived on the planet, with one civilization replacing another. People, according to his theory, are already the fifth intelligent race, which “inherited” developed technologies. Followers note that this explains, for example, the possibility of building ancient structures at a time when the technologies necessary for this could not yet exist.

The doctor initiated and personally participated in several scientific expeditions, however, evidence of his idea was never discovered.

SUPERHEROES

People's desire to have supernatural powers and interest in them explain the popularity of films UniverseMARVEL and the like. In such film masterpieces, the transformation of ordinary people into superheroes is often associated with one kind of mutation or another, and often, on the contrary, they express the idea that people descended from previously existing creatures, distinguished by a set of unique capabilities.

And if some call them Deities, others - aliens, then still others insist on a heroic origin. To support their argument, they cite studies of the brain, which is still considered the most mysterious human organ. Scientists have proven that a person uses only a small part (5-10%) of the abilities inherent in nature.

Thus, little knowledge of the brain is fertile ground for the generation of all kinds of rumors, speculation and incredible hypotheses, including about the origin of man.

DARWIN – YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW

Currently, theories of origin are a powerful tool of influence. The benefit can range from banal deception to attracting gullible people to sects and radical groups. A particular danger is the simplicity with which, if desired, one can create a pseudo-argumentation base for any idea, even the most incredible one. Graphic editors and modern technologies provide the greatest assistance to such activists.

As for the theory of the origin of man from the ape, it was not at all generally accepted, contrary to popular belief. Already in the 19th century, this interpretation of the creation of people caused outrage. The idea was especially questioned by female representatives, who were shocked by such “kinship.”

In 1925-1926, the trial of school teacher John Scopes, better known as " Monkey process" Shortly before the events in the state of Tennessee, it was adopted Butler act- a law that prohibited the coverage of any theories of human origin, with the exception of the version of Divine Creation. The teacher was accused of violating the anti-Darwinian law.

In the 21st century, the majority of those who disagree with Darwin still appeal with arguments about the lack of reliable evidence of evolution, considering Darwin's theory to be nothing less than an insult to the feelings of believers.

In order not to be unfounded about how popular the evolutionary theory of human origin remains, we present to your attention official comparative data from sociological surveys conducted in 2006 and 2009 by VTsIOM. The survey involved 1,600 people from 140 settlements and 42 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The number of people convinced that modern science is not yet able to answer this question increased between 2006 and 2009, while the number of believers in God's creation decreased slightly. The version of cosmic intervention is losing popularity. More and more respondents doubt the origin of man from apes. This decline can be explained by a wave of highly publicized conflicts.

One of the most sensational is the lawsuit Maria Schreiber to the Ministry of Education. A schoolgirl from St. Petersburg in 2006 initiated a lawsuit against the imposition of Darwin's theory in secondary schools.

As for the current data in recent years, every now and then people dissatisfied with the theory of evolution appear in the media, arguing their disagreement with Darwin and his followers by the lack of evidence of the reincarnation of apes into humans.

For example, in August 2014, the Mayor of Kazan Ilsur Metshin raised the issue of teaching the theory of evolution in schools at the federal level. The official considers the inclusion of a “pseudo-scientific idea” in a biology course to be a deception, and calls for the exclusion of the hypothesis from the school curriculum, since it offends the feelings of believers and directly contradicts religious texts - the Bible, the Koran, etc.

A little earlier, the teaching of Darwin’s theory in educational institutions was criticized Vitaly Milonov. The notorious deputy from St. Petersburg called Darwin’s version of the origin of man from apes “the theory of the goose and the pig,” hinting at its unprovability.

To summarize, here is a table of arguments from both sides:

As a counter-argument, evolutionists give the example of a wolf and a dog - two species that exist simultaneously, although it is well known that dogs descended from wolves. Thus, the process of evolution is not linear, but bush-like. Several branches can descend from one ancestor at once, and some of them turn out to be dead-end, while others are progressive. In addition, a new species may not completely displace the previous one, but represent a new stage, which explains the dating of the lives of ancient species of people and their descendants, accepted in scientific circles, from which it is clear that some of them lived in parallel.

The theory of evolution really does not give an exact answer to the question of how our planet appeared and how life began in the Universe. Most scientists refer to the Big Bang Theory, but it does not allow us to put an end to this burning issue. After all, the way life began after the Big Bang is replaced by the next one - and what happened before it?!

Stephen Hawking put it succinctly:

But the creation of the world is a completely different story...

Over the centuries of its existence, the Russian language, like any other living and developing system, has been repeatedly enriched by borrowings from other languages. The earliest borrowings include “Balticisms” - borrowings from the Baltic languages. However, in this case, we are perhaps not talking about borrowings, but about vocabulary preserved from the time when the Slavic-Baltic community existed. “Balticisms” include words such as “ladle”, “tow”, “stack”, “amber”, “village”, etc. During the period of Christianization, “Grecisms” entered our language - “sugar”, “bench”. “lantern”, “notebook”, etc. Through contacts with European peoples, “Latinisms” - “doctor”, “medicine”, “rose” and “Arabisms” - “admiral”, “coffee”, “varnish”, “mattress”, etc. entered the Russian language . A large group of words entered our language from Turkic languages. These are words such as “hearth”, “tent”, “hero”, “cart”, etc. And finally, since the time of Peter I, the Russian language has absorbed words from European languages. Initially, this is a large layer of words from German, English and Dutch related to science, technology, maritime and military affairs: “ammunition”, “globe”, “assembly”, “optics”, “pilot”, “sailor”, “deserter” " Later, French, Italian and Spanish words related to household items and the field of art settled in the Russian language - “stained glass”, “veil”, “couch”, “boudoir”, “ballet”, “actor”, “poster”, “pasta” ", "serenade", etc. And finally, these days we are experiencing a new influx of borrowings, this time mainly from the English language.