RULE A definition is a minor member of a sentence that denotes a sign, quality, property of an object and answers the questions what? which the? Circumstances answer the questions of adverbs: where? when? as? why? This article will consider such members of the sentence as definition, addition and circumstance.
The addition can refer to verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, for example: They believed (in what?) In these scribbles (In these scribbles - an addition). The addition, denoting the object to which the action is directly directed, is called direct.
He saw (who?) me and froze (me - addition). According to their meaning, circumstances are traditionally divided into circumstances of place, time, cause, purpose, condition, concession, image and degree of action. The predicate is the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting a sign (action, state, property) related to the carrier, which is expressed by the subject. Agreed definitions.
Does not match the member being defined in the form. They are expressed by nouns in indirect cases, the comparative degree of adjectives, adverbs, infinitives: Noisy birch leaves. We sang and danced. In a sentence, they are usually distinguished by brackets or a dash: On a hot summer morning (it was in early July), we went for berries.
Usually we say: circumstance with the meaning of the complement. If the question is asked from a noun (except for verbal ones), the word form cannot be a circumstance, but you can confuse the definition and addition.
Direct and indirect additions
In the village - only the definition. It cannot be an addition, it is not an object of action and does not explain another subject. The name for this village was chosen beautifully, then “For the village” will simultaneously define the word “name” and be the object of action. Hence, the complement with the value of the definition. An addition is an object to which an action applies, it "COMPLETES", extends the action (attribute) and is usually expressed in the case form.
Also: The road went uphill (direction, circumstance). It is also interesting to compare: the book of this author (whose, definition) and the author of this book (what, addition). An addition in the syntax of the Russian language is the second member of a sentence, embodied by a noun or a pronominal noun. Where? Where?, etc.) the dotted line-dot definition in the syntax of the Russian language is underlined - the second member of the sentence, denoting a symptom of the subject.
Complement and circumstance
The subject is the subject (the person, being, phenomenon referred to in the sentence, that is, the subject is the main character of the sentence.) The subject is usually underlined with one line. The definition denotes a sign of the subject, that is, we make the question of the definition from the noun. For comparison, the object most often receives the question from the verb, and the definition from the noun.
If this word is a noun, then we have a definition. From the definition of a girl, you can ask a question to one word of a girl (what?) young. Thus, one sentence includes all the words that are somehow related to the grammatical basis. This is especially important when placing punctuation marks in a complex sentence. To correctly punctuate this sentence, you must: a) highlight the grammatical foundations; b) establish which words are associated with these stems.
Therefore, the first sentence will look like: In the evening I was finally convinced of the need for separation. The words are connected with the second grammatical basis: they expected (whom?) Asya; expected (how?) silently. While it is a temporary union in a subordinate clause. So, punctuation marks in a complex sentence should be arranged as follows: In the evening, while we were silently waiting for Asya, I was finally convinced of the need for separation.
Each of the secondary members has its own system of questions. The addendum answers the questions of indirect cases. One and the same minor member can sometimes be asked several different questions. This happens especially often if the minor member is expressed by a noun or a noun pronoun.
But not always a noun or a pronoun will be an object. For example, in combination with a girl's face to a noun in the genitive case, you can ask a morphological question: the face (of whom?) of the girl. But the noun girl in the sentence will be a definition, not an object, because the syntactic question will be different: the face (whose?) of the girl.
Predicate questions What to do? Subject questions Who? What? parts of speech n. in I.p. places. in I.p. counts. I.p. n. f. g. (infinitive) indivisible phrase. Sometimes an object denotes the subject of an action or state.
Additions expressing the object of action are used with verbs, as well as with nouns formed from them: deliver goods - delivery of goods; work on the article - work on the article. The direct object can also be expressed by a genitive noun without a preposition.
How to distinguish an addition from a definition?
Unlike an application, an inconsistent definition expressed by a noun always expresses the attribute of an object by indicating its relationship with another object. They answer questions where? where? where? They answer the question under what condition? Due to their bookishness, the circumstances of the conditions are of little use. Do they answer questions no matter what? contrary to what? and denote phenomena that prevent or do not correspond to the actions or states reported in the grammatical basis of the sentence.
Chapter 25. Syntax. Secondary members of the sentence
In sentences with the circumstances of concession, it is said about phenomena that are observed despite the circumstances: Contrary to the prediction of my companion, the weather cleared up and promised us a quiet morning ... 2) a noun in the oblique case: On holidays, we slept until ten o'clock ...
Therefore, this is the circumstance. In this case, two questions can be posed from the verb-predicate to the object: the question of the indirect case and the question of the infinitive. If the question is asked from a verb, then this is an addition. RULE A circumstance is a minor member of a sentence that explains under what circumstances an action is performed, or indicates the method, measure, degree of manifestation of an action or sign. A circumstance is a minor member of a sentence that expresses a characteristic of an action, state, property and answers the questions how? how?
In the section on the question What questions do the addition, definition and circumstance answer? given by the author Ambassador the best answer is Addition (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
A minor member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate or other members of the sentence and answers the questions of indirect cases:
R. P Who? What?
D.P. Who? What?
V.P. Whom? What?
T.P. By whom? How?
P. P 0 com? About what?
They are divided into:
1. direct (from the transitive verb in V. P (Whom? What?) without a preposition)
2. indirect (R. P., D. P, T. P., P. P,)
Definition (wavy line)
A minor member of a sentence that denotes a sign of an object.
Answers the questions:
Which?
Which?
Which?
Which?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Definitions are divided into: 1. Agreed: are linked according to the method of agreement -
Bus route changed
2. Inconsistent: communicate by connection or control method - Give me a more interesting book
An inconsistent definition can be expressed by an indivisible phrase:
girl (what?) with blue eyes Circumstance (_._._._._._._._._)
The secondary member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate and answers the questions:
1. Where?
Where?
Where?
How?
What for?
Why?
2. Since when?
How long?
From what?
How?
For what purpose?
To what extent?
In what degree?
For what reason?
Against what?
3. Time
Places
mode of action
The reasons
Goals
terms
concessions
What is a "circumstance"? This concept is considered in the Russian language syntax section. This is a member of the proposal, which is classified as a minor member in terms of importance. All members of the proposal are in some kind of interdependence. The circumstance depends on the predicate. It is a sign of action.
There are eight groups in modern syntax.
What questions does the circumstance in groups answer?
Circumstances Cause - On what grounds? Why?
Circumstances of Time - Since when? When? How long? How long?
Purpose Circumstances - For what purpose? What for?
Circumstances of the course of action - How? How?
Assignment Circumstances - Contrary to what?
Circumstances of measure and degree - How much? In what degree?
Circumstances conditions - Under what condition? Circumstances of the place - Where from? Where? Where?
Secondary members play an important role in the sentence, enriching it, bringing clarity, explaining the subject and predicate. Among them stands out and addition. The error in isolating this minor member is that it is often confused with the subject, especially when it is in the accusative case. To avoid inaccuracies, you need to know what questions the add-on answers. We will talk about this in the article.
General information
The addendum answers the questions of indirect cases. They include everything except the nominative (the subject answers it).
Usually, a question is asked to the addition from the members of the sentence (secondary and main), which are expressed either by verbs or close in meaning to them (participles, gerunds).
Meaning
The values of the complement can be completely different. Let's analyze such relations with the predicate in the sentence and see how the object answers the questions. Examples below.
Olga makes (what?) an injection.
Olga gives an injection (to whom?) to her mother.
Olga makes an injection (with what?) With a syringe.
Sometimes there are additions that depend on verbal nouns and adjectives: conquering the top, moving to the end of the line, fish fried in a pan.
If you systematize the values, taking into account what the complement responds to, you get the following:
- This minor term defines an object that experiences an action: choose (what?) A profession, wash (what?) linen.
- The subject in whose interests the action is performed: write to your brother, go to your sister, come to your parents.
- A means of performing an action or an instrument of labor: write with a pen, swim with a breaststroke, draw with a brush and paints.
What is an addition?
The addition, like the subject, is expressed by the following parts of speech:
- A noun in the indirect case form or a noun pronoun in the same form. At the same time, the pretext is variable: she went (to whom?) To her mother; satisfied with (what?) work; I think (about whom?) about him; bring (who?) him.
- Any substantive part of speech (endowed with the function of a noun). Everyone was interested (by whom?) in the reader.
- Infinitive. The audience asked the troupe (about what?) to dance again.
- Numerical name. I'll multiply (what?) fifteen (by what?) by ten.
- Phraseologism. I ask my sister (about what?) not to hang up her nose.
What is the supplement?
Since the object answers the questions of indirect cases, it most often refers to the verb-predicate. In this way, it brings clarity to the main action reported in the sentence. We walk (with whom?) With my daughter through the store. In this case, the addition "with my daughter" extends the verb-predicate "walk".
However, this minor term can also apply to a noun that has some action in its meaning. For example, "He is the driver of (what?) a heavy vehicle." The complement "car" refers to the noun "driver".
Short adjectives are close in form and meaning to the verb-predicate, so this minor term can also apply to them: I am angry (at whom?) At my neighbor. The addition with the preposition "on the neighbor" refers to the short adjective "evil". Less commonly, it refers to the full adjective: Similar (to whom?) To the father.
Often, the addition explains the adverb or adjective in a comparative degree. For example: She looks younger than (what?) her age. Jasmine is more fragrant than (what?) roses.
direct
Depending on what questions the addition answers, it can be either direct or indirect. The first requires setting in the accusative case, and there can be no preposition with it.
Such an addition defines the object of the action. It refers to a transitive verb or adverb. For example: to hate the enemy is direct, it is in the accusative case, and the verb "to hate" is transitive. Another example: I'm sorry for your friend. The complement "friend" refers to the adverb "sorry", which plays the role of a predicate in this sentence.
What questions does a direct complement answer? Only genitive or accusative questions. Let's look at the options:
- The most common is the accusative form with a missing preposition: We decorated the Christmas tree with the whole family. Complement "Christmas tree" - direct, used in the form of the accusative case, there is no preposition.
- The genitive form when denoting a part of something whole: I poured tea leaves into a cup, and then diluted it with boiling water and put a lemon. The addition of "brewing" is direct, it is in the genitive case. Also, the genitive case can indicate any result of an action, combined with the value of quantity: I need to go buy flour and bread.
- In impersonal sentences, when the adverb acts as a predicate: What a pity for the years spent.
indirect
What questions does the indirect object answer? To all the rest: accusative with a preposition, dative, instrumental and prepositional. The last three can be used with or without a preposition.
- In our childhood dreams there were bright travels and carefree everyday life (indirect additions - dreams, everyday life).
- We pretended to be adults to ride this attraction (indirect addition - adults).
- Talking about the upcoming celebration occupied all the free time (indirect addition - about the celebration).
An addition is a minor member of a sentence that has the general meaning of an object and refers either to a separate member of the sentence, denoting an action or feature, or to the entire basis of the sentence.
The complement answers the questions of all cases except the nominative. These so-called Additions are in most cases expressed by nouns ( Grandma always asked(whom?) Nikita(about what?) about school performance.), as well as pronominal nouns ( He was very proud of him.), infinitive ( offer to return, ask to meet), substantiated adjectives ( have lunch in the cafeteria, deal with the underachievers), cardinal numbers ( add three).
The addition can be expressed by any part of speech that replaces a noun - subjective and objective infinitive, adverb, interjection, syntactically indecomposable phrases, phraseological turns. By examples, you can understand what question the supplement answers.
Vanka lies on the grass under a tree and dozes under the bird's "tweet-tweet".
I send you from Gorlenko big(what?) Hi.
filed(what?) supper.
He managed to find it(what?) Achilles heel.
What questions does the supplement answer and what types is it divided into
Distinguish indirect and Supplement, which is expressed in the form without a preposition and refers to that member of the sentence, which is expressed by a transitive verb, is called direct. It denotes the object to which the action is directly directed ( write an essay give advice).
The predicate can have direct objects in the form of the genitive case without a preposition:
a) if expressed by a transitive verb with negation ( not to notice mistakes, not to understand the question);
b) if the action that is expressed by the transitive verb has the meaning of a part of the whole ( drink some water);
c) when used with words of the category of state ( sorry, sorry - sorry for life, sorry for time).
The addition, which is expressed in the form of the accusative case with prepositions, as well as the forms of other (indirect) cases with and without prepositions, is called indirect ( talk(about what?) about the motherland, cluttered(how?) books, rattle(how?) spoons, spend the summer(who?) by Grandma).
What questions does the adjectival and verbal object answer?
When classifying according to the subordinate word, they differ: the addition of the verb ( listen to music, edit the manuscript) and a nominative object that depends on the noun ( caring for parents, choosing a profession) or adjective ( praiseworthy, ready to march).
What questions does the object answer with a noun and how is it expressed
Additions with a noun respond to cases and are expressed:
a) parent object: reading a book, defending the motherland;
b) parental relationship to the manufacturer: book author, plant manager;
c) parent content: verification of performance, the purpose of the study;
d) dative of the addressee: helping the needy, answer to the correspondent;
e) creative content: a briefcase with books, a jar of water, math classes;
e) creative collaboration: tea with sugar, magazine with applications.
What questions does an addition that combines two meanings answer?
Additions in which two meanings are combined are of a special nature:
1) attributive and object: dream of a trip(what dream? dream about what?), negotiation report, fire rumor, financial statement, memories of the past, dream of the future, fisherman case. Such constructions are called defining additions;
2) objective and circumstantial: fish breathe with gills(what?, how?); Spend the summer with family(who?, where?); The first leaves appeared on the trees(on what?, where?). Such constructions are called circumstantial complements.
