We spoke with experts to weigh the pros and cons of this form of education.

Against: child socialization

The first argument of opponents of home schooling is the lack of conditions for socialization in children. Now children almost do not spend time on the street on their own: residents of megacities cannot be called supporters of unaccompanied children walking. At the same time, and perhaps just because of this, the children's entertainment industry, despite the crisis, is experiencing a rapid flowering. The lack of socialization can be partially leveled by trips to clubs, development centers, regular walks in well-equipped playgrounds.

Nevertheless, a comfortable family environment and even a sports section are not really enough for a child to master the skills of working in a team.

By singling out a child from the general mass, organizing an individual space for him to gain knowledge, parents also take a certain risk, notes Elena Sheripova, founder and head of the modeling agency and aesthetic development school Queen Models Studio Kids. “According to recent research, homeschooled children are much more likely to suffer from a fear of public speaking. If parents decide to homeschool their child, they must fill in the gaps in his communication with society.”

In addition, according to experts, a child may not develop a skill, and, accordingly, an incentive to defend his opinion in front of his peers.

It is important not only to solve the issue of the comprehensive development of the child, enrolling him in circles, sports sections, for additional creative classes in children's centers. At least one of the areas of additional education outside the home should provide for teamwork.

For: psychological comfort

On the other side of the scale of forced socialization is the psychological calmness of the child: the absence of unnecessary stress, conflicts with teachers, peers or older students. Conflicts unresolved in time, in the worst case, psychological “harassment” within the walls of the school can be haunted from year to year.

“The main achievement of family education is the ability to get enough sleep in the morning. All learning at home is based on the rhythm of each child's life. It is easy for someone to study in the morning, for someone in the evening. Proper distribution of the load improves the assimilation of the material, increases the motivation to study. The ability to take subjects in free mode helps to build learning in a way that is convenient. The presence of free time allows you to concentrate on the child's hobbies, on his interests. And it gives you more opportunity to spend time with your parents or friends,” says Aleksey Semenychev, an expert on family and alternative education.

Against: self-organization

The second most common question after socialization, which causes concern for parents studying the issue of transition to family education, is whether the child will “shirk” from classes outside the strict schedule and mandatory attendance in a situation of abundance of free time.

The main principle of family education is to follow the child and his interests. The concept of an academic year acquires individuality: the learning process can both be extended and accelerated when a child completes the program of several classes in one year.

As experts assure, unobtrusive parental control and curriculum are needed in any case. In addition, a serious role is played by joint daily activities of parents with a child. An adult should be included in the process as a colleague, a guide, without demonstrating a desire to teach, instruct or control. This position will allow you to unobtrusively track progress in learning. Shared activities in the case of homeschooling are not homework help in the traditional sense, but rather. mentorship. Learning is happening everywhere. These can be thematic walks in the forest or park, joint viewing of educational or feature films on a topic of interest, joint theatrical performances, as well as everyday and creative activities - soap making, rolling cans, picking mushrooms, drawing and anything.

“A child studying at home will feel better, get enough sleep and study for as long as it takes - from one hour a day to a normal school day of many hours. On the other hand, the child’s home regime will limit the personal freedom of parents, since someone will have to devote all their time to compiling an interesting training program, cultural trips and other educational events,” says Kirill Bigai, co-founder and CEO of the Preply online platform for finding tutors.

“The freedom of education is often put in the first place, that is, the child can choose what, when and for how long to study. The question is - on the basis of what, the child should make such a choice? The personality of the child, his interests and values ​​have not yet been formed, they should be formed in relation to the boundaries that adults set for the child, including during education. It is necessary to remember about one more component of training - motivation; it, unfortunately, is far from always stable in a child,” emphasizes the director of the Parenthood Center family complex, perinatal psychologist Victoria Timofeeva.

And yet, as experts say, a well-rested child who masters new information at a comfortable pace, with sincere interest, and not “under pressure” is not at all the one who escaped for the holidays and does not want to hear about additional classes or reading.

For/against: intra-family ties

The house is originally a place of comfort, tranquility and joy. Creating conditions conducive to maximum concentration in a place where a person tends to relax is not an easy task. The creation of a learning environment that opens up additional opportunities for self-development and choosing a business to your liking will help level this complexity: the availability of free access to encyclopedias, books, kits for creativity, musical instruments, sports equipment, designers, devices for studying the environment (microscope, spyglass, telescope etc.).

A parent, of course, cannot equally replace 12-15 professional teachers, but every loving mother can study child psychology and pedagogical techniques more deeply. Children are easily "ignited", seeing the sincere interest of an adult. A creative approach and joint attempts to figure it out encourage the child to further master complex material and compensate for the lack of knowledge on the subject of an adult, and even more so the lack of pedagogical education. In a subject that causes difficulties when studying within the family, tutors or thematic circles, schools will help to understand.

“Canadian parents, according to Dr. Brian D. Ray of the American National Institute for Home Education Research, believe that by not attending school, the child learns family traditions and values ​​better and lives a fuller life. They are probably right, given the rapidly growing percentage of families who have refused to attend schools, - Kirill Bigai comments. - But do not forget: sooner or later, every person has to learn to be in society, and it is easier to do this at a young age. If now the child has enough communication with parents and close relatives, then as he grows up, he will increasingly need the attention of his peers. In addition, there may be a problem of non-acceptance of the "unformatted" person by the children's society.

For/against: the quality of education

If at school classes are organized in accordance with clear instructions, plans and requirements with selected textbooks, then at home parents and children are free to use any source of information, as well as study subjects of interest in depth at a comfortable pace. Experts are sure that this is favorably reflected in the quality of the education received.

“Schools are mostly focused on the average student. A "strong" child has nothing to learn there, and a "weak" child does not even reach the "average" level. Much depends on the teacher. In addition, now in schools, a colossal burden is imposed on students. Parents complain that their children are introduced to the subject superficially, and the rest of the material the children have to master at home with their parents. Then the question arises for the latter: is it worth going to school at all? And they transfer children to full home schooling,” emphasizes Elena Sheripova.

“Children who study at home not because of forced circumstances or for health reasons can already compete in terms of knowledge with their peers who attend schools,” says Kirill Bigai. “Dr. Brian Ray, back in 2012, stated that all existing reliable research boils down to one conclusion: both academically and socially, the results of home schooling are at least as good, and often better, than at school.”

Experts note that the principle “The main thing is not to know, but to know where to find out” is relevant in the system of family education. For any question, you can find a specialist who is ready to share information. Free forms of education, depriving the child of the principle of obtaining information "received chewed - digested", stimulate him to search for and more in-depth study of the material that aroused interest.

Home education is not a magic pill. It may not be ideal for most children, much less everyone. There are those whose need for close cohesion with the team and a wide range of communication is exceptionally high, and the home environment is not able to fully satisfy this demand. The role is also played by the readiness of the parent, who, in addition to high erudition, the availability of free time, will also need a thirst for his own development and improvement.

Every parent wants to give his child the best, to provide the most favorable conditions for his development - both intellectual and personal. How to organize the upbringing and education of the child, to whom to entrust the formation of his personality and development of abilities? Do it yourself, ask for help babysitting, rely on individual tutoring of professionals or take advantage of the opportunities of private or public public education?

Family education - what is it?

The choice in this situation is ambiguous, since each option has its pros and cons.

For many parents, family education seems to be more natural, especially for a preschooler - the child grows up in familiar home conditions, in compliance with the physiological regimen, without unnecessary stress and overload. Not a single, even the most wonderful educator, can immediately provide all the children with a "home" quality of care. The younger the child, the more important the everyday little things that surround him - did they change his pants on time, did they help him wash and clean his nose, did they give him enough time to cope with dinner, did they pay attention that the baby was tired, etc. Often, parents also have a well-founded desire to protect the child from communicating with not the most pleasant environment - both children and adults in a children's institution. Probably, many who have gone through the preschool education system have their own negative memories of him. And getting rid of such impressions is not so easy. In this sense, long-term home education gives parents more opportunities to instill in the child good manners and influence the formation of his personality. If there is a desire and opportunity, parents can work with the baby on their own or hire tutors who will complement the "educational" environment of the child.

In general, the education of the child begins in the family, family education is the basis of the cognitive abilities of the baby. The first teachers of the crumbs are his parents. And their influence persists for a very long time, despite the fact that the older the child becomes, the greater the role begins to play learning outside the family. The influence of close adults is expressed in the expansion of the child's horizons, in the fact that it is parents and grandparents who instill in him an interest in various fields of knowledge and creativity. The conditions created for the development of the baby in the family determine how he will learn, whether he will strive to acquire new knowledge or limit himself to the minimum that guarantees him a peaceful existence at school.

But, having settled on the option of an exclusively family upbringing, parents are faced with difficulties both of a technical and quite substantive nature. Firstly, the question arises of ensuring the cognitive development of the child - the choice of educational programs, the selection of home teachers, "pulling up" the knowledge and skills of the child to the requirements of the standard school curriculum (exclusively family education in our country is still rare, as a rule, sooner or later the child leaves into the public school system). A child brought up at home is deprived of the most valuable thing that gives children learning in a group - this is the ability to concentrate on the teacher's explanation and the ability to compare their successes with the achievements of their peers, it is this comparison that allows you to realize the quality of your knowledge, without which full-fledged learning is impossible.

Secondly, for a child who does not regularly attend children's educational institutions, communication outside the family is significantly limited. He does not get the rich experience of communication and interaction with children and adults available to his peers in kindergartens, development groups and children's clubs.

Visiting short-stay groups, aesthetic studios, kindergarten, gymnasium or school, offers the child ample opportunities to communicate and learn together with other children. The child learns to independently build relationships with different people. With adults - educators and teachers, the child learns to obey the general discipline (which is necessary for adaptation to the requirements of the school), learns to overcome his shyness and doubts, ask questions and ask for help. The child also learns to establish relationships at a "social distance" - benevolent, but not close, learns to protect his psychological space, demand respect from others, defend his opinion in socially acceptable forms.

Many parents fear that in a large children's team the child will get lost, feel uncomfortable. At first this is true, but over time, a diverse children's environment becomes a clear advantage. The child gets the opportunity to communicate, interact, compete, quarrel and negotiate with different children - both noisy, and stubborn, and aggressive, and timid. There is an opportunity to choose your friends, establish the first close relationships with peers, the child begins to learn the code of equality and camaraderie. Intensive communication with children, without constant supervision and support from adults, teaches the child the flexibility of behavior, the ability not to act on the first impulse, but to assess the situation, take into account the opinions of other children. Only in communication with equals, decentration is possible - an understanding that the same situation can be seen differently, that others have their own interests that must be taken into account in order to continue to communicate and play together.

The choice between exclusively family and public education is not easy. Probably the best way out of this situation is an individual approach to the education of the child, which is applicable to both options for organizing the educational environment - both to family education and to education in public institutions.

Individual approach to learning

Individual training, tutoring and psychological support for that and individual, so that it can be used in doses in different situations and for different children. And here it is worth clearly distinguishing between an individual approach to learning, which is necessary when teaching with any child, regardless of his personal characteristics, and individual learning itself, which assumes that the child is engaged only one-on-one with the teacher.

An individual approach to teaching a child assumes that both the originality of the child himself and the upbringing and educational goals of his parents are taken into account.

For one parent, mental, cognitive development is more important. Another may be more focused on the development of the creative abilities of the baby. The third sees the goal of education in expanding the child's ability to independently seek a solution to the problem, to strive to achieve the intended goals.

It is useful for the parents of any child from time to time to turn to the help of a competent teacher, psychologist, speech therapist to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the development of the baby, to build an individual trajectory of his development. The specialist will help determine what the child’s capabilities are at the moment, assess his inclinations and interests, and most importantly, build a forecast for his development in the near future, with detailed recommendations on how, in what form, how intensively it is necessary to conduct developmental work.

The timing of seeking advice primarily depends on the needs of the child and parents, but is also largely tied to the requirements of the education system. Now we can say that it is useful to show the child to specialists in learning and mental development (psychologist, speech therapist, teacher of early development or a preschool teacher 1) at the age of:
1 These specialists can be contacted at early development centers, psychological centers or medical institutions.

• near two years, when it is already possible to draw conclusions about the correspondence of the development of the child to the age norm, to identify the originality of the speech and cognitive development of the baby, the range of his skills, the ability to communicate outside the family environment.
• near three years when there are global changes in the child's personal development that greatly affect his willingness to learn, learn new things, act actively or wait for the first steps from adults. In addition, at this age, many children begin to regularly attend preschool educational institutions, which often becomes a stressful situation for the family, requiring competent psychological support.
• near five years when it makes sense to think about preparing for school, to see which aspects of the child's development need more careful attention from adults so that there are no difficulties on the eve of school. Also, this age is favorable for identifying the child's private abilities in various areas of creativity.
• before going to school- to check how ready the child is for systematic learning, to identify aspects of his development that need immediate correction and ways to neutralize the sources of possible difficulties in schooling. Much attention should be paid to the choice of options for schooling, taking into account the child's ability to cope with high loads, the individual pace of intellectual activity, the development of attention, etc.

Such consultations will help parents and educators working with the child to adapt the curriculum to the needs of the child, to draw up an individual plan for his development, which can also be implemented within the framework of public group education. In most cases, it is enough to place some accents, highlight the aspects of the child's development that need special attention (additional classes according to a standard or alternative program, tutoring or special correction with the participation of specialists: speech pathologists, doctors or psychologists). At the same time, all the advantages of public education are complemented by concern for the development of a particular child without leveling his personal originality.

Actually, individual training in form is very useful in those areas where we can talk about the development of a child's special abilities, giftedness - in music, painting, dancing, sports, etc. Working with such a child one on one, the teacher will be able to give him much more than in a group, and the child, without being distracted by other children, better focuses on what he is being taught.

Another area of ​​application of individual learning is work with the so-called "difficult", "special" children. If a child has serious health problems, a clear lag behind peers or behavioral problems, of course, it is better to deal with teachers individually, and communicate with peers not in class, but in the yard, on the playground, in a social group or kids club.

By the way, often individual learning becomes the only possible way not only for children with a developmental delay, but also for those who are significantly ahead of their peers in their knowledge, skills, range of interests, and the pace of working capacity. A gifted child, despite all his high achievements, needs increased attention from parents and teachers, since his psyche is under greater stress than that of "average" children of the same age. An advance in intellectual development is often not accompanied by an advance in personal development. Therefore, starting early in a preschool gymnasium or school, jumping through the class, the child may find himself in a difficult situation. He drops out of communication with children of his own age, but cannot enter the company of his older classmates, against their background he looks infantile. In this case, it is useful to teach the child individually, supplementing the training with classes with children of the same age in those areas where the child's abilities are close to the average.

But at the same time, exclusively individual learning has a number of negative consequences for the development of the child. Firstly, communication only with a tutor or tutor limits the child's ability to communicate with peers, which does not have the best effect on his ability to interact with others, the ability to feel confident in society. Secondly, when studying in a group, the child always has the opportunity to compare his achievements with the successes of his peers, which positively affects the formation of the child's self-esteem, the ability to be critical of his successes and efforts. Therefore, one should not strive unnecessarily for individual training. Communicating with the teacher personally, being under constant supervision and in the center of attention, the child quickly learns the program material, but masters self-learning skills worse. And for success in adulthood, it is not so much knowledge that is needed as the ability to independently obtain them.

Everything has its time

So what to choose - tutors, a kindergarten or a boarding house? How to combine the possibilities of different forms of education and upbringing?

Probably, every parent has a clear idea of ​​how to teach a child, what mistakes should be avoided. At the same time, we are based primarily on negative or positive experiences, recalling our school years. Much depends on the financial possibilities of the family to give the child a decent education. But ceteris paribus, it is possible to single out general age-related features of the organization of a child's education, which make their own adjustments to the construction of an individual plan for the development of the child.

At different ages, a child needs different forms of communication and learning, and this must be taken into account when organizing a developing environment. The best results are obtained by a flexible and harmonious combination of the developing possibilities of the family and the efforts of professional teachers.

Education, like education, begins with the birth of a child. From the first days, communicating with close adults, the baby learns to look and see, listen and listen, be attentive, ask for help and act on his own. In infancy, not only the style of relationships with others is formed, but also the style of the child's intellectual activity, which directly affects the child's subsequent success in learning. baby The most important thing is a close relationship with your mother. It is his mother, communication with her becomes for him a source of new impressions, new interests and strength to explore this world. Generally speaking, at this age, any games, any interaction with the child can be considered as a real developmental activity. Actually, education at this age is realized through the organization of a developing environment and communication with adults. At the same time, the participation of a professional teacher may be limited to advising on the creation of a gaming development environment, the selection of toys and the organization of the child's daily routine.

The child grows up, every day his possibilities expand, and an attentive parent sees how quickly the baby grasps everything new that appears in his environment. Such a rapid pace of development is often simply mesmerizing. Little children amaze the imagination of adults with their abilities - about a year and a half it becomes clear that the child has a lot of inclinations. Many mothers and fathers want to seize the moment, start systematic education of the child. Moreover, due to a number of factors, the age from 1.5 to 2.5 years is very favorable for mastering various skills - children easily master colloquial speech in foreign languages, learn to perceive subtle shades of color, the sounds of music, and are able to express themselves without any timidity in movement to music.

But developing work with kids is not an easy task. Unlike a schoolchild, and even more so an adult, a child does not have the desire to learn, to do the right thing, better than he usually does. Until the age of three, most children do not want to learn from an adult, but simply strive to act - not to speak correctly, but to talk, not to memorize the names of geometric shapes, but to build a house out of them, not to look at pictures, but to turn pages, not to draw neatly, but to play with paints, etc. Limitation of activity, the requirement of accuracy, attentive attitude to what an adult is doing, often causes a storm of indignation in a child - after all, an adult prevents him from acting as he wants! In general, when working with young children, you should always remember that the intellectual potential of the baby, as a rule, is far ahead of his ability to control his behavior, so the "lack of assembly" of two-year-olds should be taken for granted.

Learning at this age is possible only through playing with the child, while it is useful to follow the baby’s plan and very correctly offer a new vision of the situation, new ways of action that are not yet familiar to the baby. The child develops, learns the world around him, its laws through his own research actions and adults can help him in this, providing the opportunity to jointly explore the possibilities of objects in the activities available to the baby - in drawing - with paints (brush or fingers), pencils, felt-tip pens, crayons, in modeling, in appliqué, in games with water, sand, sticks and stones, cereals, dough, flour, etc.. Every mother knows the restlessness of a young researcher, how persistently he demands new games and how quickly he moves from one activity to another . Perseverance, concentration of attention are not the strongest sides of a child under three years old. Of course, it is necessary to develop the ability to do one thing for a long time, but it is impossible to force the baby - he quickly gets tired, can be irritated, or completely loses interest in the imposed activities. On the other hand, regularity is very important for developmental activities at this age. A child qualitatively masters new skills gradually, only if similar situations are constantly created in which again and again what interested him last time is repeated.

In addition, do not forget about the personal immaturity of the baby. Despite all his talents, he is not yet ready to communicate independently with teachers outside the family. Placing a child in the most wonderful nursery, with excellent teachers and a wonderful developing environment, a long separation from the mother, often becomes so severe stress that its consequences continue to affect for many years, preventing the child not only from harmoniously building his relationships with others, but also study successfully. Therefore, raising and educating a baby at this age outside the family environment can hardly be considered a favorable option.

It is possible to organize systematic classes with a child at home, but it is difficult.

Firstly, because a mother has a lot of other responsibilities and interests, and even with a great desire and readiness to deal with her baby herself, it is not easy to do this regularly - you also just need to walk on the street, play and communicate with the child and without developing goals.

Secondly, in general, the position of a mother or nanny and the position of a tutor are different. From close adults, the child expects unconditional acceptance, understanding and support, appreciates in them the ability to rejoice at his ideas, to be involved in his experiences. Therefore, a child can regard any strict requirements and restrictions in research activities as an unfriendly step on the part of "his" adult, which will not be slow to affect relationships. A tutor, an educator is interesting to a child precisely because he is a new person, a stranger to him. And in order to maintain contact with an interesting person, the child is ready to act according to the rules that are offered to him: “You want to draw with me, then put on an apron and sit down at the table, otherwise I can’t give you brushes”, “You are already tired, but come on Let's glue this house, we need it to play a new game with you." Accordingly, the effect for the development of the child from such activities is usually higher. In general, communication with a benevolent outside adult gives the child a very important life experience of conditional acceptance. In an absolutely comfortable and psychologically safe environment, the baby begins to understand that there are requirements that must be met in order to be accepted into the game, the team, society.

Thirdly, since the ability to keep attention on one subject in a small child is limited, during classes it is very important to highlight the essential that should be conveyed to the baby. It is important that the amount of information or the complexity of the skill that is formed in the child does not exceed his energy capabilities. Therefore, in addition to a good training program, a professional approach to classes is also important. An early development specialist is a specialist in order to understand the causes of the child’s difficulties and competently help him - not to do for him, and not to force him to redo everything himself, but to quickly find what hinders correct execution and correct mistakes together.

For a young child from one to three years The ideal option for developing classes is to attend classes in development groups several times a week, where the professionalism of teachers is combined with the possibility of an individual approach to each child (since there are no more than six or eight children in a group) and the advantages of the child's communication with peers. The presence of other children, their participation in classes not only gives the child the opportunity to improve in communication skills, but also makes him take great interest in learning, broadens his horizons. And the presence of an accompanying adult - a mother or a nanny, allows the baby to feel confident and protected. At the same time, it is very important that classes with kids are interspersed with joint games, communication, and not turn into routine "cognitive" work. More opportunities for the development of the child are provided not by classes of the "circle" type - 30-45 minutes each, but by longer programs of short stay, which provide for the full-fledged work of a group of children both in the direction of obtaining new knowledge and improving communication skills.

After four years most children benefit from continuing their education in a preschool or regularly attending long classes in developmental groups. This is due to the fact that the curriculum at school, and even at preschool age, is gradually becoming more complicated, you need to do a lot and with high quality. In addition, after four years, the role of regular communication with other children significantly increases - both for the formation of social skills, and for the intellectual development and general mental activation of the child, which greatly affects his mental development. But at the same time, one should not forget about the role of the family environment. It is communication with parents, grandparents, older brothers and sisters that expands the horizons of the child, not only provides him with confidence, but also actively influences the development of his intellectual interests, the desire to learn and achieve his goals in life.

03/12/2007 22:24:55, Daria

Thanks for the interesting, useful, necessary and timely article - I got interesting information, it just fits our situation - the child is far ahead of his peers in development. Let's go to a psychologist for a consultation on an individual program!
Thanks again!

03.10.2006 23:47:17, Nadia

03.10.2006 23:43:23, Nadia

I don't understand why you wrote this?
the article is quite adequate

Individual approach, family education .. And as a result, mimosa, greenhouse creatures, sissy-daughters, navels of the Earth. Previously, there was no individual approach, there was a goal, and that's it. as you know. And everyone grew up as normal people, most of them. There were always scum.

03.10.2006 19:15:27, 111

By law, you can choose the form of education for your child. It should be noted that there are a lot of discussions about the feasibility and usefulness of homeschooling and experts - doctors, psychologists and, of course, teachers have not yet come to a consensus on how effective homeschooling is.

Download the checklist "How to prepare your child for school on your own" and let September 1 be a real holiday in your family.

The positive side of homeschooling

In modern society, many parents are trying to transfer their children to home schooling.

• But experts recommend using this form of education if, for example, your child has some kind of talent and you decide to purposefully develop it. In this case, the ability to do homework at a convenient time will be the most successful solution.
• In case of any health problems, parents may also be advised to transfer their child to home schooling. In this case, partial homeschooling is also possible, when the child attends one or two lessons per week.

• If the baby is an “owl”, it is also possible to study at home, in which parents can choose the best mode for the child. Children with "owl" biorhythms are not able to get up early and perceive information in the morning, in the classroom.

If you decide that education at school will not be truly high-quality and complete, you can give your child a home education, but you will need to pass external exams at the school to which the child will be attached. After passing all the required exams, the child receives a regular certificate.

The most important advantage of home schooling is the individual approach.

In this case, you, on your own or with the help of a hired tutor, will be able to highlight the strengths of your child and maximize his talents. The kid can learn new topics at his own pace.

With home schooling, it is impossible for a child to be humiliated by peers or a teacher. This is especially important if the child's mental development prevails over the physical or your child is an introvert. Homeschooling will help avoid serious psychological trauma.

You will not need to spend time on the road and money - on school "ammunition". But be prepared to spend on a good tutor.

You set the schedule of classes for the child yourself. And this means that you will be able to set aside time for proper rest between classes.

Your child will be less likely to get colds and SARS, because infections are often prevented at home and there are not a lot of strangers. This is especially important during serious epidemics.

Homeschooling will help make a real leader out of a child and master the general education program much faster than in 10 years.

Study the course "" (free at)

Negative aspects of home education

Homeschooling is a rather expensive “pleasure”. If parents can still cope with the elementary school program on their own, then more serious subjects may already require additional knowledge and self-improvement. It is easier, but more expensive, to hire a teacher.

The child needs society and the ability to communicate with peers, as well as the ability to interact with the team. Home schooling cannot give a child the skills to fully communicate. You should take into account that the child will still have to communicate with peers, learn to find a common language with people of different ages, solve problems and conflicts.

Being under the total control of parents, the child may not grow up independent, and unable to make serious decisions.

Individual homeschooling adjusts the process to the student - your child. This can teach him to think about his own exclusivity and the expectation that all other people will adapt only to his needs. In this case, there is a high probability of getting a very big egoist, a narcissist.

When homeschooling is difficult to accustom a child to discipline and work out the optimal time for the lesson. If the child is not interested, he can leave the home "class" after 15 minutes, and if vice versa, the lesson may drag on for several hours, which will violate the regime and may lead to some "skew" in learning.

The absence of a spirit of competition and healthy competition may further affect the child and his attitude to life. Looking at peers at school, the child will strive to complete the task no worse, and possibly better than classmates. With homeschooling, you need to seriously motivate the baby to study.

While being homeschooled, you can return to regular schooling at any time. Ask your child for advice, especially if he has already started attending a regular school. Perhaps he does not want to part with classmates and his beloved teacher. The decision on the form of education must be taken by the whole family.

What form of education have you chosen for your child?

Download the checklist "How to prepare your child for school on your own"

All parents want their child to go to school smoothly. For this, children are sent to various developmental courses or to kindergartens. But you can prepare the baby for school on your own. Find out how by downloading our checklist.

There are many reasons for this. Let's consider the main ones.

"About half of Russian students do not want to go to school," Alexander Kuznetsov, president of the Association of Child Psychologists and Psychiatrists of Russia, said on the eve of the Children's Day, which we celebrated on November 20. “Schools in Russia lack an individual approach to each student. The school is focused on the average student, so there can be no talk of any individuality. It has been proven that strong students descend to the level of average students after two or three classes,” Kuznetsov said.

What is the level of the average student? This is when a strong child is "both bored and sad" at school, while a weak child is difficult and uncomfortable, especially when they are called to the blackboard in front of the whole class, and complexes grow in him like a snowball. So many parents try to protect their child - some from boredom, so as not to kill the need and desire to develop in him, and some from building up negative experience.

In addition, child psychologists are sure that the first teacher plays a key role in the child's attitude to school. And how many kids were lucky with the first teacher?

I was once lucky, but my daughter is quite the opposite. The first teacher yelled at the children in a bad voice, called names in every way, and the parents' trips to the headmaster ended with a painting in his helplessness: "I will fire her, and your children will not have any teacher at all - there will be no one to work." One fine day, when my daughter asked me why she didn’t sit down to do her homework, she told me: “Why? . Sense something to teach ". She was then 8 years old, and it cost me some trouble to convince her that she needed to study for herself, and not for the teacher. True, they still had to transfer her to another school, where the new “first” teacher immediately asked: “What is better for the girl: give her a little criticism to arouse the desire to prove her abilities, or praise more so that she wants to be even better? " I do not presume to judge the pedagogical nature of this approach, but my daughter quickly began to study with pleasure at the new school.

Another reason for dissatisfaction with school education is the unmotivated overload of students. As many modern teachers admit, in schools children are only introduced to the subject, and children have to study it at home with their parents. And those have a reasonable question: "Is it worth it for a child to spend 4-5 stressful hours at school, if then the same amount will need to be spent at home in order to still learn something?" Here are some parents who decide not to complicate their children's life and switch to full home schooling.

However, it is not only psychological problems or the level of a child's ability to learn that affect whether a little man will go to school or not. Unfortunately, a large number of children cannot attend school for health reasons. According to the Ministry of Health of Russia, there are more than 620,000 disabled children under the age of 18 in our country. Most of them cannot receive secondary education in an educational institution. For such children, home schooling is the only way to get a matriculation certificate.

Forms of home (home) education

Unschooling(English - without school) - refusal of school and the school curriculum in general. Adherents of unschooling believe that they know better what and how to teach their children, they doubt the need for secondary education, the Unified State Examination, etc. The fatal consequence of unschooling is that by the age of 16-17, the child will no longer be able to master the knowledge necessary for entering a university and acquiring some difficult profession. In Russia, unschooling is formally prohibited.

Actually home schooling- individual lessons with school teachers at home, passing tests, exams, etc. Made for medical reasons.

Partial home schooling- attending several lessons per day or per week. Part of inclusive education for children with special needs. Made for medical reasons.

Family Learning- Parents can independently educate their children, choose learning materials and create a learning schedule. Each year, students are required to take an intermediate assessment at the school to which they are assigned. In addition, the GIA and the Unified State Examination are mandatory. Upon graduation, graduates receive the same matriculation certificate as children who choose traditional schooling.

external student- self-study at home with passing exams and tests, without attending school. It is made in agreement with the school administration.

Remote education- learning via the Internet, contact with teachers on Skype or on forums, doing homework and tests online. It is made in agreement with the school administration.

The mass school is not called “mass” for nothing, it is designed for the average majority of children, while home education involves an individual approach. What is best for your child is up to you!

Homeschooling Forms for Children with Disabilities

There are two options for homeschooling for children with disabilities: under the auxiliary or under the general program.

Children who are learning under the general program, take the same subjects, write the same tests and take the same exams as their peers studying at school. But the schedule of lessons for home-based learning is individual. It all depends on the health of the child. As a rule, home-based education according to the general program looks like this:

for grades 1-4 - 8 lessons per week;

for grades 5-8 - 10 lessons per week;

for 9 classes - 11 lessons per week;

for grades 10-11 - 12 lessons per week.

At the end of the general program, the child is issued a general school leaving certificate, the same as his classmates who study at school.

Auxiliary program is developed individually, based on the state of health of the child. When studying under an auxiliary program, a child is issued a certificate of a special form upon graduation from school, indicating the program in which the child was trained.

Pros and cons of homeschooling

Pros of homeschooling

1. Children learn when they want and how they want.

2. Excluded violence from teachers and peers.

3. There is no need to follow unnecessary rules and rituals.

4. The ability to control the moral, ethical and religious views of the child.

5. Ability to live according to the natural biological clock.

6. Opportunity to study special subjects - rare languages, art, architecture, etc. since childhood.

7. Training takes place in a gentle home environment, the risk of school injuries, posture and vision problems is reduced.

8. An individual program helps to educate a personality.

9. Close contact between parents and children is maintained, extraneous influence is excluded.

10. Ability to master the school curriculum in less than 10 years.

Cons of homeschooling

1. The child does not receive socialization, the experience of interacting with a "typical" team.

2. Constant control of parents over the learning process is necessary.

3. There is no strict discipline, the need for constant work "from call to call."

4. The experience of conflicts with peers and "senior in rank" is not gained.

5. Parents are not always able to teach their child exact subjects or arts, systemic thinking.

6. Parental overprotection can lead to infantilism or egocentrism in a child.

7. Worldly inexperience will become an obstacle at the beginning of an independent life.

8. The imposition of non-traditional views, life and religious values ​​limits the child.

9. The child gets used to the image of the "white crow", "not like everyone else."

Governmental support

If you are inclined, for one reason or another, to choose any form of home education, be aware that you are taking on a huge responsibility. You will be obliged to provide the child with quality education, to properly organize the process of mastering knowledge, skills and abilities. You take full responsibility for the development of the child's abilities, the acquisition of experience in applying knowledge in everyday life and the formation of his motivation to receive education throughout his life.

However, one should not think that the state, giving permission for home schooling, completely "washes its hands". In the explanatory letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation "On the organization of education in a family form", among other things, it also says what kind of support the state is obliged to provide you:

- "... it is possible to provide these students with textbooks and teaching aids not only from the funds of the library of the organization carrying out educational activities, in which the student passes intermediate and (or) state final certification, but also through the creation of a specialized library fund of the subject of the Russian Federation (municipal education)";

- "According to Article 9 of the Federal Law, for students experiencing difficulties in mastering basic general education programs, their development and social adaptation, the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation organize the provision of psychological, pedagogical, medical and social assistance. The specified assistance, including assistance to students in compiling an individual curriculum, if necessary, students in a family form can be provided by psychologists, educational psychologists of organizations engaged in educational activities in which such children are assessed, or in centers of psychological and pedagogical, medical and social assistance ";

- "In order to realize the right of every person to education, federal state bodies, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments provide full or partial financial support for the maintenance of persons in need of social support in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, during the period of their education ( Article 5 of the Federal Law).

How to switch to homeschooling

If a? after weighing all the pros and cons, you have decided that homeschooling is the only and best option for your child to receive a secondary education, then you will have to go through the following steps.

1. First of all, clearly define for yourself which of the above forms of education is suitable for both the child and you.

2. If the reason for transferring a child to homeschooling is a disability, medical certificates must be collected that confirm the need for such education.

3. After receiving the decision of the commission, contact the nearest school, write an application addressed to the director, attach the results of the medical examination.

4. Work with teachers to develop a curriculum. By order of the director of the school, teachers will be appointed who will teach the child at home. Parents will be issued a log of the material covered, grades received and the results of periodic certification.

5. The home education program is selected individually, taking into account the abilities and capabilities of the student. It specifies the number of subject hours per week and the duration of one lesson. At the end of the training, the child is issued a certificate of secondary education, like other graduates.

6. You can study at home without medical indications. For this, the decision of the parents or guardians of the child is sufficient. In this case, a student in family education is still required to appear periodically at school for final checks of the acquired knowledge. Such a system is ideal for children who are seriously involved in sports or music, or whose parents, due to circumstances and profession, are forced to constantly move around the country.

7. Write an application addressed to the principal of the school, which will be considered by a commission with the participation of teachers and specialists from the Department of Education. Please note that a child may also be invited to a meeting of the commission in order to find out his opinion and attitude towards the idea of ​​family education. Based on the results of the commission meeting, the child will be attached to a general education institution by a school order with the appointment of mandatory certification dates.

8. Remember that a child who is in family education at any time has the right to return and continue his education at school. To do this, it is enough to pass a six-month certification.

Learning at home is the most ancient form of learning, which originated long before the appearance of the first comprehensive schools. For centuries, homeschooling was the only way to gain knowledge. This was available only to wealthy, wealthy families who were able to pay for the services of a private teacher or parents who had free time and the appropriate knowledge and skills to teach a child at home.

History and stereotypes

In the era of the USSR, schooling at home was possible only for children with disabilities. Children who could not move freely or suffered from any psychological illness were visited daily by school teachers and given individual lessons.

The rest of the schoolchildren went to school to receive secondary education on a general basis. But since 1992, every schoolchild has the right to study without leaving home.

And if earlier homeschooling (or as it is also called, homeschooling) was a forced measure, now education at home has become a fashionable trend - more and more often parents choose this particular way of getting an education for their children.

The reasons why parents transfer their offspring to home education are varied:

• unwillingness to entrust the upbringing of the child to strangers;
• protecting the baby from physical and moral pressure at school;
• the desire to give knowledge to a son or daughter on their own, as they see fit;
• dissatisfaction with the quality and level of school upbringing and education.

Let's figure out what types, pros and cons home schooling has.

What are the forms of homeschooling?

There are several types of homeschooling:

• Home training. Every day, school teachers come to the child's house and individually read the subjects. This form of education is possible with medical advice;
• External study. The student studies disciplines at a pace and mode convenient for him with the help of his parents or on his own, after which he takes exams at school. You can, for example, complete 2 years of the program in one;
• Non-schooling. At the same time, parents do not interfere in the learning process, but only at his request help in certain matters, the child independently receives knowledge in a special style chosen by him.

With any form of homeschooling, the student is required to come to school twice a year and take exams - only in this case he will be able to receive a certificate of completed secondary education.

Before deciding to homeschool their precious child, parents need to carefully weigh all the pros and cons and decide whether this model of education will really benefit their son or daughter.

Pros of home education

• More effective development of the program. The teacher or parent in the course of training understands what the child “floats” in, and what material he has mastered flawlessly. As a result, the student is distinguished by higher academic performance and the quality of knowledge;
• The individual program also allows you to save precious time, as a result of which there is more time for visiting museums, theaters, exhibitions, etc. A ten-year program can be mastered in a shorter time;
• The opportunity to study subjects that are not read at school, but necessary, according to parents - for example, rare or ancient languages, architecture, art;
• The ability to organize an individual schedule in accordance with the student's biological clock, which avoids unnecessary stress, as a result of which such children get sick less often;
• The absence of conflicts with teachers, peers, older schoolmates (this, as you know, negatively affects the psyche of children);
• A home-schooled child is deprived of the bad influence of peers in unwanted companies;
• The development of an individual way of thinking, without other people's stereotypical influences, the absence of the characteristic of many teams " herd instinct»;
• Education takes place in the traditions familiar to the family, which is especially important if it belongs to any religious community or ethnic minority;
• Extraneous influence on religious views and beliefs, as well as their criticism and ridicule, is excluded;
• Closer contact with parents, close trusting relationship with them.

Cons of homeschooling

• Lack of communication with peers. Many may object: but the baby is not completely removed from society, does not sit within four walls, but communicates with friends, neighbors, goes to shops, visits sports clubs, and other public places. This is true, but in such situations, he chooses only people who are pleasant and attractive to him for communication, without gaining precious experience in resolving conflict situations (which, of course, are inevitable in adulthood);
• Constant parental control and overprotection can lead to infantilism and selfishness;
• A parent who controls a son or daughter must be a very organized and firm person, because he is responsible for his education, upbringing and development. Not every adult is able to competently, professionally and effectively organize the education of children outside of school;
• Unfortunately, parents are not always able to professionally educate, answer all the questions of their son or daughter. This is possible only if the adult has a brilliant knowledge of the school curriculum (and this, you see, is a rare phenomenon), a broad outlook and amazing erudition;
• What 12-15 school teachers can give a child is not able to give one parent, no matter what knowledge, wisdom and experience he may have;
• The child understands that he not like everyone else”, as a result of which, deep down, he feels like a black sheep;
• The lack of experience of communication with peers and teachers is reflected in communication in adulthood. In his own family, he gets used to increased attention, love, feels himself a necessary, important and irreplaceable person, and when he gets to a higher educational institution, to work or to the army, he faces a harsh reality in which he is completely indifferent to others;
• High cost. Teaching aids, textbooks, paying for the services of private teachers (and they are likely to be needed) will cost parents dearly;
• Inability to learn from other people's mistakes. Being 5-6 hours at school, in a team, the student observes other children, analyzes their behavior, divides actions into “white and black”, learns to recognize lies, insincerity, hypocrisy. Adults who oppose homeschooling argue that it is impossible to explain it on the “fingers” at home.

Whether to transfer a son or daughter to home education, of course, is up to the parents to decide. You can, for example, organize a “home school" Not during the school year, but in the last month of the summer holidays and evaluate your own strengths and observe the reaction of the child.