Orthoepic norms in the USE 2018 are the correct placement of stress. This is an important task, which, as many teachers and students believe, can only count on luck. But this is fundamentally the wrong approach to studying task 4. Of course, the orthoepy of the Russian language is very inconsistent, Russian words do not have a fixed stress in all words, but, nevertheless, there are patterns and you need to know them in order to speak correctly and pass the exam with 100 points.

Some tricks to complete the task. Here we are considering patterns and words that are found in the exam and are on the official list. All patterns relate to words found in the exam.

1) Past tense verbs often have the stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive. But in the USE, in most cases, there are verbs in which the emphasis falls on LA: take, be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. (Example: took wasA, etc.) And there are also exceptions: steal, put, send, lay, send mouth to sneak)

Example: put, sent, posted, sent, stole, sent. You should pay attention to the verbs on YOU in the past tense: poured out, survived, etc.

2) Participles with Yo (included, solved, etc.) make up a significant part of all words. Look below and you will see that there are a lot of these words in the exam. The difficulty lies in the fact that the letter E is written in the wording of the task, and not Y.

3) Other parts of speech with Ё. If there is Ё in the word, then the stress will fall on Ё.

4) Most of the verbs ending in IT and IT are stressed on the last syllable (Schemit pinch). Except: fructose will put down kutit will force to vulgarize (slander, slander embittered, inquire about ...)

5) Participles in -yav, -yv - av (raised, accepted, etc.)

6) In most verbs there will be an accent on Irate. But there are cases where the emphasis falls on ovAt

7) In borrowed words from French, German, English, the stress falls on the last syllable: jalousie PARTER EXPERT dispensary defis quarter

8) In short feminine adjectives, the stress falls on the last syllable: true. dexterity, etc.

9) If the stress in the short form of the feminine falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on the suffix -her: strong - stronger, sick - sicker, alive - livelier, slim - slimmer, right - right; if the stress in the feminine is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, nasty - more nasty

10) In nouns ending in -log, the stress falls on the last syllable: catalog, dialogue, obituary, monologue, epilogue. BUT: analog.

11) In nouns ending in -vod - the stress falls on the last syllable: oil pipeline, gas pipeline, garbage pipeline.

Orthoepic dictionary compiled by FIPI

Nouns:

Airports, fixed stress on the 4th syllable

Bows, fixed stress on the 1st syllable

BOROD, V. p., only in this form of unit. h. stress on the 1st syllable

BukhgAlterov, R. p. pl. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable

Religion, from: confess the faith

Citizenship

Defis, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

Dispensary, the word came from English through French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Agreement

Document

Leisure

Blinds, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Significance, from adj. significant

Catalog, in the same row with the words: dialogue, monologue, obituary, etc.

QuarterAl, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

selfishness

Cranes, fixed stress on the 1st syllable

Lecturers, lecturers, stress on the 1st syllable, as in the word bow (s)

Localities, R. p. pl. h., on a par with word forms: honors, jaws ... but: news

Intention

Illness

NEWS, NEWS, BUT: LOCATIONS

Nail, nail, fixed stress in all forms of units. h.

Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager

Briefcase

handrails

Beet

Orphans, I. p. pl. hours, stress in all forms pl. h. only on the 2nd syllable

Means, I. p. pl. h.

Convocation

Customs

cakes, cakes

Chain

Scarves like bows

Chauffeur, on a par with the words: kioskёr, controller ...

Expert, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Adjectives:

VernA, short adj. and. R.

Significant

More beautiful, adjective and adverb in comparative degree

Beautiful, superlative adjective

Kitchen

Lovka, short adjective. R.

Mosaic

Wholesale

clairvoyant, short adjective. p., on a par with the words: cute, fussy, talkative ... but: gluttonous

Plum, derived from: plum

Verbs:

Take - took

Take - take

Take - took

Take - took

To join - joined

break in - burst in

perceive - perceived

Recreate - recreated

Hand over - hand over

Drive - drove

chasing - chasing

Dobrat - dobrala

get - got there

wait - waited

Get through - get through, get through

Wait - waited

live - lived

Stopper

Occupy - occupied, occupied, occupied, occupied

Lock - locked

Locked up - locked up (with a key, with a lock, etc.)

Call - called

Call - call, call, call

put - put

lie - lied

Pouring - lilA

Pour - poured

lie - lied

Endow - endow

Overstrained - overstrained

name - name

tilt - tilt

Pour - poured

Narvat - narwala

START - STARTED, STARTED, STARTED

call - call

lighten - make it easier

Poured - poured

hug - hugged

overtake - overtook

rip off - rip off

encourage

cheer up - cheer up

sharpen

Borrow - lend

zlbeat

paste over

surround - surround

Seal, in the same row with the words: form, normalize, sort ...

get to know - get to know

depart - departed

give away - gave away

Uncork - uncorked

Revoke - revoked

Respond - responded

Pour - poured

Fruit

Repeat - repeat

call - called

call - call - call

Pour - pourA

put - put

understand - understood

send - sent

arrive - arrived - arrived - arrived

accept - accepted - accepted

To tear - tore

Drill - drill - drill

Remove - removed

CREATE - created

pluck - plucked

REMOVE - REMOVED

deepen

Strengthen - strengthen

scoop

Pinch - pinch

Click

Participles:

Delivered

Folded

busy - busy

LOCKED - LOCKED

Inhabited - Inhabited

Endowed

Acquired

NalitA

started

STARTED

relegated - relegated

encouraged - encouraged - encouraged

aggravated

disabled

repeated

divided

understood

Accepted

Tamed

lived

Removed - removed

Bent

start

BEGINNING

having given

Raised

PonJav

Arrived

Adverbs:

In time

Dobela

TO the top

DonElzya

DOWN

DRY

AFTERdark

prettier, adj. and adv. in comp. Art.

TOP

Over a long time

Not long

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Adjectives

Verbs

take-took take-take take-took take-took turn on, turn on turn on, turn on join-merged break in-break in perceive-perceived recreate-recreated hand-hand over drive-driven chasing-chasing get-dobrala get-got wait-wait call - call get through dose wait-waited live-lived cork up occupied, occupied, occupied, occupied, occupied lock-locked call-called call, call, call, exhaust lay-lay sneak - sneaked lie-lie pour-lila pour-poured lie-lied endow-endowit overstrained-overstrained name-named bank-roll pour-poured narwhal-narwhala litter-litter start-started, started, started

call-call-call facilitate-facilitate drenched-drenched hug-hugged overtake-overtaken rip-off encourage cheer up - cheer up exacerbate borrow-borrow embitter surround-surround reward… vulgarize inquire - inquire depart-departed give-gave turn-off withdraw-revoked responded-responded call back - call back transfuse-transferred fruit repeat-repeat call-called call-call-call pour-watered put-put understand-understood send-sent force tear-torn drill-drill-drill take off-taken off create-created pluck-plucked litter-litter remove-remove speed up deepen strengthen-strengthen pinch-pinch, pinch Communions pampered delivered folded busy-busy locked-locked inhabited-inhabited spoiled, see spoiled feeding bleeding amassed acquired-acquired poured-poured hired started started encouraged-encouraged-encouraged aggravated disabled defined-defined disabled repeated divided understood accepted tamed lived removed-removed Participles indulging clogged starting raising Emphasis in adverbs in time utterly ahead of time, colloquial before dark ORPHEPIC NORMS (emphasis) are checked in task 4. Students are required to write out one of the four words in which the stress is incorrectly highlighted - the stressed vowel is indicated by a capital letter. The answer fits the word without changes, without highlighting in capital letters. Pay attention to the letter Y: if the misspelled word contained this letter, it must also be written in the answer. For example, four words: locked the first has an incorrect emphasis. We write out this word in response without change, with the letter Y. Please note that the question of the possible writing of E instead of Y is solved simply: in front of each examinee in the exam there will be a form in which ALL allowed letters and signs are indicated. At this point in time, the letter YO is in the sample forms. For training in developing the skill of setting stress, RESHUEGE offers both words from the FIPI Orthoepic Minimum (2016) and words that did not enter or exit from it. In tasks with an increased level of complexity, along with words with a clearly erroneous stress, words with two variants of stress are included. Spelling dictionary FIPI 2016 An important aspect of orthoepy is stress, that is, the sound emphasis of one of the syllables of a word. Stress in writing is usually not indicated, although in some cases (when teaching Russian to non-Russians) it is customary to put it. Distinctive features of Russian stress are its diversity and mobility. The diversity lies in the fact that stress in Russian can be on any syllable of a word (book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, orthoepy - on the third, etc. d.). In some words, the stress is fixed on a certain syllable and does not move during the formation of grammatical forms, in others it changes its place (compare: tons - tons and wall - wall - walls and walls). The last example demonstrates the mobility of Russian stress. This is the objective difficulty of mastering accent norms. “However, - as rightly noted by K.S. Gorbachevich, - if the heterogeneity and mobility of Russian stress create some difficulties in its assimilation, then these inconveniences are completely redeemed by the ability to distinguish the meaning of words using the place of stress (flour - flour, cowardly - cowardly, immersed on the platform - immersed in water) and even functional and stylistic fixation of accent options (bay leaf, but in botany: the laurel family). Particularly important in this regard is the role of stress as a way of expressing grammatical meanings and overcoming the homonymy of word forms. As established by scientists, most of the words of the Russian language (about 96%) are distinguished by a fixed stress. However, the remaining 4% are the most common words that make up the basic, frequency vocabulary of the language. Here are some rules of orthoepy in the area of ​​stress, which will help to prevent the corresponding errors. Nouns airports, fixed stress on the 4th syllable bows, fixed stress on the 1st syllable. beard, win.p., only in this form singular. stress on 1st syllable bukhgAlterov, genus p.pl., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable religion, from faith to confess citizenship cheapness dispensary, the word came from English. lang. through French, where the blow. always on the last syllable agreement document blinds, from French lang., where is the blow. always on the last syllable significance, from adj. significant X, im.p. pl., motionless stress catalog, in the same row with the words dialogue, monologue, obituary, etc. quarter, from it. lang., where the stress is on the 2nd syllable kilometer, in line with the words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter... cones, cones, motionless. stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in units. and many others. h. cranes, fixed stress on 1st syllable flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s) localities, genus p.pl., on a par with the word form of honors, jaws ... but news garbage chute, in the same row with the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline intention obituary, see catalog hatred news, news, but: see localities nail, nail, motionless. stress in all forms singular. Adolescence, from Adolescent parter, from French. lang., where is the blow. always on the last syllable briefcase dowry call, in the same row with the words call, recall (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication) orphans, im.p.pl., stress in all forms pl. only on the 2nd syllable funds, im.p.pl. convocation, see call carpenter, on a par with the words painter, doYar, shkolYar ... cakes, cakes scarves, see bows chauffeur, on a par with the words kioskёr, controller ... expert, from the French. lang., where the stress is always on the last syllable Adjectives In full forms of adjectives, only a fixed stress is possible on the basis or on the ending. The variability of these two types in the same word forms is explained, as a rule, by a pragmatic factor associated with the distinction between little-used or bookish adjectives and adjectives of frequency, stylistically neutral or even reduced. In fact, little-used and bookish words are more often stressed on the basis, and frequent, stylistically neutral or reduced words are stressed on the ending. The degree of mastery of the word is manifested in the variants of the place of stress: circle and circle, spare and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, clearing and clearing. Such words are not included in the USE assignments, since both options are considered correct. And yet, the choice of the place of stress causes difficulties most often in short forms of adjectives. Meanwhile, there is a fairly consistent norm, according to which the stressed syllable of the full form of a number of common adjectives remains stressed in the short form: beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc. The number of adjectives with mobile stress in Russian is small, but they are often used in speech, and therefore the stress norms in them need comments. The stress often falls on the stem in the plural form, as well as in the singular in the masculine and neuter gender and on the ending in the feminine form: right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray - gray - gray - gray; slender - slender - slender - slender - slender. Such adjectives, as a rule, have monosyllabic stems without suffixes or with the simplest suffixes (-k-, -n-). However, one way or another, it becomes necessary to refer to the orthoepic dictionary, since a number of words “knock out” of the specified norm. You can, for example, say: long and long, fresh and fresh, full and full, etc. It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in a comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the stress in the short form of the feminine falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on its suffix: strong - stronger, sick - sicker, alive - livelier, slim - slimmer, right - right; if the stress in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative extent it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, nasty - more nasty. The same applies to the superlative form. Verbs One of the most tense points of stress in common verbs is the past tense. The stress in the past tense usually falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive: sit - sat, moan - moaned, hide - hid, start - started. At the same time, the group of common verbs (about 300) obeys a different rule: the stress in the feminine form goes to the ending, and in other forms it remains on the stem. These are the verbs to take, be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; pour - lil - lilo - lili - lila. Derivative verbs are pronounced in the same way (live, pick up, drink up, spill, etc.). The exception is words with the prefix you-, which takes on the stress: survive - survived, pour out - poured out, call out - called out. For verbs to put, steal, send, send, the stress in the feminine form of the past tense remains on the basis: slala, sent, stlala. And one more pattern. Quite often, in reflexive verbs (in comparison with irrevocable ones), the stress in the form of the past tense passes to the ending: begin - began, began, began, began; accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted. About the pronunciation of the verb to call in conjugated form. Spelling dictionaries of recent times quite rightly continue to recommend stress on the ending: you call, call, call, call, call. This the tradition relies on classical literature (primarily poetry), the speech practice of authoritative native speakers. pamper, on a par with words indulge, spoil, spoil ... but: the minion of fate take-took take-take take-took take-took turn on, turn on turn on, turn on join-merged break in-break in perceive-perceived recreate-recreated hand-hand over drive-driven chasing-chasing get-dobrala get-got wait-wait call - call get through dose wait-waited live-lived cork up occupied, occupied, occupied, occupied, occupied lock-locked lock up-locked up (with a key, with a lock, etc.) call-called call, call, call, exhaust lay-lay sneak - sneaked lie-lie pour-lila pour-poured lie-lied endow-endowit overstrained-overstrained name-named bank-roll pour-poured narwhal-narwhala litter-litter start-started, started, started call-call-call facilitate-facilitate drenched-drenched hug-hugged overtake-overtaken rip-off encourage cheer up - cheer up exacerbate borrow-borrow embitter surround-surround seal, in the same row with the words form, normalize, sort, reward… vulgarize inquire - inquire depart-departed give-gave turn-off withdraw-revoked responded-responded call back - call back transfuse-transferred fruit repeat-repeat call-called call-call-call pour-watered put-put understand-understood send-sent arrive-arrived-arrived-arrived accept-accepted-accepted-accepted force tear-torn drill-drill-drill take off-taken off create-created pluck-plucked litter-litter remove-remove speed up deepen strengthen-strengthen pinch-pinch, pinch Stress in participles and participles The most frequent fluctuations of stress are recorded when pronouncing short passive participles. If the stress in full form is on the suffix -ЁНН-, then it remains on it only in the masculine form, in other forms it goes to the ending: conducted - conducted, conducted, conducted, conducted; imported - imported, imported, imported, imported. However, it is sometimes difficult for native speakers to choose the right place of stress in the full form. They say: “imported” instead of imported, “translated” instead of translated, etc. In such cases, it is worth referring to the dictionary more often, gradually practicing the correct pronunciation. A few remarks about the pronunciation of full participles with the suffix -T-. If the suffixes of the indefinite form o-, -nu- have an accent on themselves, then in participles it will go one syllable forward: weed - weeded, pricked - stab, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped. Passive participles from the verbs pour and drink (with the suffix -t-) are characterized by unstable stress. You can say: spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled, spilled (only!), spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled; drunk and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished. Communions pampered enabled-enabled, see relegated delivered folded busy-busy locked-locked inhabited-inhabited spoiled, see spoiled feeding bleeding amassed acquired-acquired poured-poured hired started started relegated-reduced, see included… encouraged-encouraged-encouraged aggravated disabled defined-defined disabled repeated divided understood accepted tamed lived removed-removed Participles The participles often have an accent on the same syllable as in the indefinite form of the corresponding verb: having put, having asked, having filled, having taken, having taken, having exhausted (DO NOT: have exhausted), having begun, having raised, having lived, watering, having put, having understood, having given, having undertaken, having arrived, having accepted, having sold, having cursed, having spilled, having penetrated, having drunk, having created. indulging clogged starting raising Emphasis in adverbs Stress in adverbs should mainly be studied by memorizing and referring to the orthoepic dictionary. in time utterly enviably, in the meaning of the predicate ahead of time, colloquial before dark prettier, adj. and adv. in comp.

The fourth task of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language tests the ability of graduates to correctly place stress in various words. For its correct implementation, you can get one primary point; To do this, you need to choose a word with the wrong accent. Stressing often causes difficulties even for adults and educated people - the orthoepic norm does not always coincide with the usual pronunciation for us.

In order to correctly complete this task, you need to make some efforts in preparation. The rules below will help.

Theory for task No. 4 USE in the Russian language

In verbs that end in "-it", the stress falls on the endings -ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at (-yat):

• turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on;
• call - call, call, call, call, call;
• ease - make it easier, make it easier, make it easier, make it easier, make it easier;
• strengthen - strengthen, strengthen, strengthen, strengthen, strengthen;
• lend - lend, lend, borrow, borrow, lend;
• hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over;
• tame - tame, tame, tame, tame, tame;
• pinch - pinch;
• roll over - roll over.

Exceptions in which the accent does not fall on the ending: vulgarize, inquire .

In feminine verbs in the past tense, the stress falls on the ending "a":

• took (took), removed (removed), understood, tore off, overtook, started, lied, left

Exceptions: past tense verbs with the prefix "you" - the stress in them goes to the prefix, as well as the following words: put, stole, sent, sent, sent .

In short passive feminine participles in the past tense, the stress also falls on the ending:

• occupied, created, withdrawn, populated

In verbs formed from adjectives, the stress falls on "-it":

• easy - lighten
• deep - deepen
• complex - complicate

Exception: Evil - embitter.

In real past participles that have the suffix "-vsh-", the stress falls on the vowel before this suffix; The same rule applies to adverbs:

• started, understood, completed, bored
• starting, understanding, completing, giving, arriving

Exception: exhausted.

In the following words, the stress falls on the prefix:

• bent, bent, bent

The stress does not fall on the root "-bal-", therefore:

• spoiled, spoiled, spoiled, spoiled, spoiled

AT In past participles formed with the suffix "-yonn-", the stress falls on this suffix in the short form of the masculine gender, and in the short form of the feminine and neuter gender it passes to the ending:

• disabled - disabled - disabled A - disabled
• repeated - repeated - repeated A - repeated
• tamed - tamed - tamedA - tamedO
• populated - populated - populatedA - populated
• enabled - enabled - enabledA - enabledO

In nouns of foreign (mainly French) origin, the stress falls on the last syllable:

• blinds, parter, bureau, jury, heretic, dispensary, quarter, obituary

In verbal nouns, the stress usually coincides with the stress in the original verb:

• provide - ensure
• BUT CARRIES GAS – GAS PIPELINE

However: lighten - relieve .

In the following words, the stress is fixed and in all cases remains on the root:

• airport - airports
• scarf - scarves
• cake - cakes
• crane - cranes
• bow - bows

The stress falls on the prefix "for-" in words such as:

• ahead of time, after dark, before dawn

It is important to remember that this rule does not apply to the word enviably.

The stress falls on the prefix "do-" in words such as:

top, bottom, dry.

It is important to remember that this rule does not apply to words red-hot, white-hot, utterly .

You also need to remember the stress of the following words:

• prettier, prettier, plum, kitchen

Task execution algorithm

• Read the assignment carefully.
• We mentally pronounce the words proposed in the answer options, putting stress on different syllables.
• Words in which the stress is correct are not taken into account.
• When in doubt, we recall the rules for placing stresses in the words of the Russian language and the exceptions to these rules.
• Write down the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options for task No. 4 USE in the Russian language

The fourth task of the 2018 demo

1. amassed
2. adolescence
3. living
4. correct
5. took

Execution algorithm:

• Acquired - the stress is set correctly, in the real participles of the past tense with the suffix -vsh- the stress falls on the vowel before this suffix; Adolescence - right, you need to remember; lived - right, in the verbs of the past tense, the emphasis is on the ending; true - the stress is set correctly, since in short adjectives the stress is placed on the ending.
• The last word raises doubts: did you take it or did you take it? We recall the rule: in verbs of the 3rd person of the feminine gender, the stress falls on the ending. So the accent is wrong.

Answer: got it.

The first version of the assignment

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

1. overtaken
2. busy
3. self-interest
4. will make it easier
5. joined

Execution algorithm:

• You need to find a word in which a mistake was made in the formulation of stress.
• According to the rule about feminine verbs of the past tense, the stress in the first two words is set correctly; the same applies to option number 5. The emphasis in the word "self-interest" is also correct, you just need to remember it.
• The above words are stressed correctly.
• Option 4 is wrong; this is also confirmed by the rule about verbs with the infinitive ending in "-it-" - the correct stress in this word is on the letter "and". So, the answer is - make it easier.

Answer: make it easier.

The second version of the task

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

1. ailment
2. encouraged
3. fruit
4. beet
5. poured

Execution algorithm:

• You need to find a word in which a mistake was made in the formulation of stress.
• The stress in word number 2 is correct, according to the rule about short participles of the past tense, formed from words with the suffix "yonn": encouraged - encouraged. In word number 5, everything is also correct: it is a passive past participle of the feminine gender, the stress in which falls on the ending. In word number 4, there is no error in stress: in words with the letter Y, the stress often falls on it. Then, in the word "bearing" the emphasis falls on "and", you just need to remember
• The above words are stressed correctly.
• The word ailment raises doubts. It must be remembered that the stress in it falls on the letter U. Therefore, this will be the correct answer.

Answer: illness.

The third version of the task

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

1. cakes
2. put
3. document
4. tamed
5. get to know

Execution algorithm:

• You need to find a word in which a mistake was made in the formulation of stress.
• Put - the stress is true, in verbs on -it the stress falls on And, the document - the word must be remembered, tamed - in the past participles with the suffix -yonn- the stress falls on this suffix, you will learn - the word must be remembered.
• The above words are stressed correctly.
• Doubt causes cakes. In fact, the correct emphasis in it is cakes. This must be remembered.

Answer: cakes.

It turns out that for confident knowledge of the rules for setting stresses in Russian, you need to periodically look into the spelling dictionary; we provide such a dictionary, which contains the words used to compile the variants of the exam.

The unified state exam in the Russian language is mandatory for school graduates. Many schoolchildren are sure that it will not be difficult to pass it, since Russian is their native language for the majority. Despite this, we still recommend that you show responsibility and devote several hours to studying the rules and repeating orthoepic norms.

The main stage of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will traditionally begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018.

From mid-March to mid-April, an early stage will be held. You can pass the exam in advance:

• graduated from high school in 2017;
• who received a certificate instead of a certificate of secondary education;
• graduates of schools with evening education;
• planning to continue their studies abroad;
• applicants in 2018 who completed the curriculum in advance;
• schoolchildren who, during the main stage of the Unified State Examination, must participate in events of national or international importance;
• 11th graders who require treatment or rehabilitation scheduled on the date of the main exam.

In early September, students who received a low score or missed the exam due to a good reason (documentary evidence is required) are allowed to take the exam.

The main stages of the exam

Each ticket includes 26 tasks, including questions in the form of tests and writing an essay on a given topic. Next year it is planned to add a task that will reveal knowledge of lexical norms. Since 2016, the Russian Academy of Education has been increasingly talking about the need to introduce the “Speaking” stage into the exam.

It is possible that in 2018, in addition to all of the above, schoolchildren will also be tested for their ability to verbally express their thoughts, draw conclusions and argue their position.

What words are included in the orthoepic minimum of the exam

One of the differences between the Russian language and others is that the stress in words can fall on a different syllable, and not like, for example, in French, only on the last one. Therefore, only a few can correctly place the stress in words. To successfully pass the orthoepic minimum in the Russian language, you will have to remember about 300 words.

A complete list of words that are included in the spelling minimum of the USE 2018 can be found on the FIPI website. We will list only those that cause difficulties for most schoolchildren: the alphabet, airports, bows, willow, religion, on time, old, dispensary, to the top, get through, to the bottom, blinds, enviably, spoiled, from ancient times, catalog, quarter, kilometer, more beautiful, garbage chute, lighten, seal, wholesale, adolescence, partner, rights, dowry, drills, orphans, plum, funds, carpenter, cakes, chain, scarves.

How to get the maximum score

The first part of the ticket consists of 25 tasks. Successful completion will allow you to get 34 points, which is 59% of the total USE result in the Russian language. Task number 26 is an essay, the maximum score for it is 24 points, i.e. the remaining 41%. Responsible preparation for the exam, concentration during it and confidence in your own abilities and knowledge will help you get the highest score.

Video lesson about stress in Russian:

Task Formulation:

4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

accepted

kitchen

dispensary

Answer: drill.

What do students need to know in order to complete the task correctly?

ORPHEPIC NORM OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.

Distinctive features of Russian stress are its heterogeneity and mobility. The diversity lies in the fact that the stress in Russian can be on any syllable of the word (book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, orthoepy - on the third, etc.). In some words, the stress is fixed on a certain syllable and does not move during the formation of grammatical forms, in others it changes from place (compare: ton - tons and wall - wall - walls and walls).

Stress in adjectives.

In full forms of adjectives, only a fixed stress is possible on the basis or on the ending. Little-used and bookish words often have an accent on the basis, and frequent, stylistically neutral or lowered ones - on the ending.

The degree of mastery of the word is manifested in the variants of the place of stress: circle and circle, spare and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, clearing and clearing. Such words are not included in the USE assignments, since both options are considered correct.!!!

1. The choice of the place of stress causes difficulties most often in short forms of adjectives. The stressed syllable of the full form of a number of common adjectives remains stressed in the short form: beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc.

2. Emphasis often falls on the stem in the form of masculine, neuter and many others. numbers and ending in the feminine form: right - right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray - gray - gray - gray; slender - slender - slender - slender - slender.

3. It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in a comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the stress in the short form of the feminine falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on the suffix -her: strong - stronger, sick - sicker, alive - livelier, slender - slenderer, right - right; if the stress in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative extent it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, nasty - more nasty. The same applies to the superlative form.

Stress in verbs.

1. The stress in the past tense usually falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive: sit - sat, moan - moaned. hide - hide, start - start.

2. The group of common verbs (about 300) obeys a different rule: the stress in the feminine form goes to the ending, and in other forms it remains on the stem. These are verbs to take. be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; pour - lil - lilo - lili-lila. Derivative verbs are pronounced in the same way (live, pick up, drink up, spill, etc.).

3. Verbs with the prefix you-, have an accent on the prefix: survive - survived, pour out - poured out, call out - called out.

4. For verbs to put, steal, send, send, the stress in the feminine form of the past tense remains on the basis: krala, slala, sent, stlala.

5. Quite often, in reflexive verbs (in comparison with irrevocable ones), the stress in the form of the past tense passes to the ending: begin - began I, began, began, began; accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.

6. About the pronunciation of the verb to call in conjugated form. Spelling dictionaries of recent times quite rightly continue to recommend stress on the ending: you call, call, call, call, call.

Emphasis in some participles and participles.

1. The most frequent fluctuations of stress are recorded when pronouncing short passive participles. If the stress in full form is on the suffix -yonn-, then it remains on it only in the masculine form, in other forms it goes to the ending: conducted - conducted, conducted, conducted; imported - imported, imported, imported, imported.

2. A few remarks about the pronunciation of full participles with the suffix -t-. If the suffixes of an indefinite form -o-, -nu- are stressed, then in participles it will go one syllable forward: weed - weeded, pricked - pricked, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped.

3. The participles often have an accent on the same syllable as in the indefinite form of the corresponding verb: putting, setting, baying, taking, drinking, exhausting (DO NOT: exhausted), starting, raising, living, watering, putting, understanding, preAv, undertaking, having arrived, having accepted, having sold, having cursed, having spilled, having penetrated, having drunk, having created.

Stress in adverbs should mainly be studied by memorizing and referring to the orthoepic dictionary.

I give a list of words that occur in task number 4 (you need to learn it).

Nouns

airports, fixed stress on the 4th syllable

bows, fixed stress on 1st syllable

beard, win.p., only in this form singular. stress on 1st syllable

accountants, rod.p.mn.ch., motionless. stress on 2nd syllable

religion, from faith to confess

water pipes

gas pipeline

citizenship

hyphen, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

cheapness

dispensary, the word came from English. lang. through French, where the blow. always on the last syllable

agreement

document

blinds, from French lang., where is the blow. always on the last syllable

significance, from adj. significant

X, im.p. pl., motionless stress

catalog, in the same row with the words dialogue, monologue, obituary, etc.

quarter, from it. lang., where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

kilometer, on a par with the words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter ...

cones, cones, motionless stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular and plural.

cranes, fixed stress on 1st syllable

flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire

lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s)

localities, genus p.pl., on a par with the word form of honors, jaws ... but news

garbage chute, in the same row with the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline

intention

obituary, see catalog

hatred

pipeline

news, news, but: see localities

nail, nail, motionless. stress in all forms singular.

SUPPORT

Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager

parter, from French. lang., where is the blow. always on the last syllable

briefcase

dowry, noun

call, in the same row with the words call, recall (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication)

orphans, im.p.pl., stress in all forms pl. only on the 2nd syllable

funds, im.p.pl.

carpenter, in the same poison with the words painter, doYar, shkolYar ...

convocation, see call

shorthand

dancer

cakes, cakes

fluorography

Christian

scarves, see bows

chauffeur, on a par with the words kioskёr, controller ...

expert, from the French. lang., where the stress is always on the last syllable

Adjectives

correct, short adj. zh.r.

pear

old

significant

most beautiful, excellent

kitchen

agility, short adj. zh.r.

salmon

mosaic

perspicacious, short adj. zh.r., on a par with the words cute, fussy, talkative ... but: gluttonous

plum, derived from plum

Verbs

spoil, on a par with the words spoil, spoil, spoil ..., but: the minion of fate

favor

take-took

take-take

take-took

take-took

turn on, turn on

turn on, turn on

join-merged

break in-break in

perceive-perceived

recreate-recreated

hand-hand over

drive-driven

chasing-chasing

get-dobrala

get-got

wait-wait

get through-get through

get through

dose

wait-waited

live-lived

cork up

occupied-occupied, occupied, occupied, occupied

lock up-locked up (with a key, with a lock, etc.)

call-called

call-call, call, call them

exclude-exclude

exhaust

lay-lay

sneak-stalked

bleed

lie-lie

pour-lila

pour-poured

lie-lied

endow-endowit

overstrained-overstrained

name-named

bank-roll

pour-poured

narwhal-narwhala

litter-litter

start-started, started, started

call-call-call

facilitate-facilitate

drenched-drenched

hug-hugged

overtake-overtaken

rip-off

encourage

cheer up - cheer up

exacerbate

borrow-borrow

embitter

surround-surround

seal, in the same row with the words form, normalize, sort ...

vulgarize - vulgarize

inquire - inquire

depart-departed

give-gave

turn-off

withdraw-revoked

responded-responded

call back-call back

transfuse-transferred

mold

fruit

repeat-repeat

call-called

call-call-call

pour-watered

put-put

understand-understood

send-sent

arrive-arrived-arrived-arrived

accept-accepted-accepted - accepted

force

tear-torn

drill-drill-drill

take off-taken off

create-created

pluck-plucked

litter-litter

remove-remove

speed up

deepen

strengthen-strengthen

move to hide

pinch-pinch

Communions

pampered

enabled-enabled, see relegated

delivered

folded

busy-busy

locked-locked

inhabited-inhabited

spoiled, see spoiled

feeding

bleeding

amassed

acquired-acquired

poured - poured

hired

started

relegated-reduced, see included…

encouraged-encouraged-encouraged

aggravated

defined-defined

disabled

repeated

divided

understood

accepted

tamed

lived

removed-removed

bent

Participles

clogged

starting

Adverbs

utterly

enviably, in the meaning of the predicate

ahead of time, colloquial

before dark

prettier, adj. and adv. in comp.