We wrote that lyrical texts are difficult for children to perceive. Of particular difficulty for primary school students is the work on the expressive means of the language, the so-called tropes.
It is often difficult for a younger student to catch and comprehend the figurative, allegorical meaning of a poetic word. However, it is with the help of tropes that the poetic language acquires a special semantic richness and musical expressiveness that fascinates the reader. Therefore, the teacher needs to teach young readers to feel the beauty, unusualness, expressiveness and ambiguity of these means of poetic language.
Let us consider how such work can be organized when studying the textbook work by S.A. Yesenin, which is included in all educational readers for elementary school.
The poems of S. Yesenin, familiar to us from childhood, have a deceptive simplicity. However, the poetic world of Yesenin's poetry is full of metaphors, comparisons, personifications, which are not easy to comprehend by a younger student.
How to work with the text so that the young reader is imbued with the beauty and depth of Yesenin's lines?
Let's read the poem and try to identify the artistic function of special expressive means in creating an emotionally figurative picture of the work.
Golden stars dozed off,
The mirror of the bay trembled.
Light shines on the river backwaters
And blushes the grid of the sky.
Sleepy birches smiled,
Tousled silk braids,
Rustling green earrings,
And silver dews are burning.
The wattle fence has an overgrown nettle
Dressed in bright mother-of-pearl
And, swaying, he whispers playfully:
"Good morning!"
The poetic world of Yesenin's poetry is full of metaphors, comparisons, personifications. In this poem there is, perhaps, not a single line without special expressive means. Natural images are depicted using:
- epithets (" gold stars", "With birches", « silk braids", « silver dew");
- personifications ("z adremal stars", « smiled ... birches ", « disheveled ... braids ", « the nettle dressed up", « whispers playfully");
- metaphors (" backwater mirror", « burning ... dew ", « sky grid").
All this creates a rich expressive-associative "field" that helps the reader to imagine and aesthetically evaluate this picture of life. The world of colorful, festive, shining (" ruddy", « gold", « silver") of nature is depicted by the author as a living world, waking up, filled with affectionate slumber, smiling comfort and freshness.
The gaze of the lyrical hero moves from the starry sky melting in the haze of dawn to earthly phenomena - a lake, birch trees, and then to objects that seem to be deliberately everyday, ordinary (wattle, nettles). But everywhere - from the boundless starry sky to minx nettles - the world is filled with quivering harmony and beauty. Metaphors, personifications, epithets help the author to paint and “breathe” a living soul into this festively mother-of-pearl and at the same time cozy world of nature, in which everything is valuable, everything evokes love and warm tenderness.
In many ways, it is the expressive means of poetic language that recreate in the reader's imagination the associative series "natural - human", in the context of which birches magically turn into red girls, and overgrown nettles playful coquette.
Sound writing also plays a special role in this poem, in particular alliterations (sound repetitions of consonant sounds [w] and [s]), which help to create a sound image of a light morning breeze. It is his barely audible flutter that makes the birch trees “disarranged”, and the playful nettles sway.
It is necessary to pay attention to such an element of poetic syntax as constantly repeating inversions (violation of the order of words in a sentence): each line of the first two stanzas begins with a verb (“ dozed off", « trembled", « dawns", « blush" etc.). Thanks to verbal inversions, a feeling of incessant movement, the awakening of life, is born in the mind of the reader.
However, the aesthetic meaning of these associations is wider than the meaning of those living pictures that are born in the reader's imagination. With the help of these specific images, the author embodies the main lyrical experience: a poetic glorification of the true beauty and sublimity of the spiritualized world of nature, merging in harmony with the soul of the lyrical hero awakening and open to this world.
Let us name a number of key questions that will help students to perceive and comprehend the functions of the figurative and expressive means of poetic language.
How does the poet's gaze move: what does he see in nature at the beginning and at the end of the poem?
1 stanza- the sky, golden sleeping stars (fading, faintly twinkling against the brightening sky); then the poet's gaze falls to the ground, he sees a river backwater with motionless water, in which the brilliance of the stars is reflected; morning dawn illuminating the world ruddy" light.
2 stanza- the poet's gaze is drawn to the birch trees standing nearby, which barely sway their branches in the light morning breeze; then the gaze falls under the feet, where in the light of the morning dawn " lit" dew silver.
3 stanza- near the feet, at the wattle fence, the poet sees nettles, which, due to dew, have become covered with mother-of-pearl sheen and sway in the morning breeze.
Conclusion: the poet embraces the whole world with his eyes - from the skies to the "overgrown nettles", which gets underfoot; he depicts a picture of awakening nature. It can be assumed from a number of signs (" the light shines", « green earrings», « overgrown nettle") that the author describes an early June morning, about five o'clock.
How does the poet depict nature? What words does he use to animate her?
Yesenin depicts the world alive, spiritualized, waking up. With the words " sleepy smiled birches", " disheveled silk braids", « whispers playfully" the poet managed to create an image of wildlife: birch trees look like girls smiling and disheveled from sleep, even ordinary nettles are portrayed by the poet as a coquettish beauty-minx. All this is achieved with the help of epithets and personifications.
How did the poet manage to portray the sounds of a light morning breeze?
Underlining alliterations in the words " w barely With tyat", " With here and ki", « w epchet", « w slyly". The underlined letters convey the sounds [w], [s], creating a sound image of a light, barely audible breeze.
What colors will you choose to illustrate this poem?
To answer this question, students should carefully reread the poem and find the following color epithets: golden", « blush", « green", « silver», « mother-of-pearl". Conclusion: bright, multi-colored, festive, shiny colors should be used in the illustration.
What music would you choose for this poem by Yesenin?
At first, a quiet, sleepy melody should sound, later turning into a louder and more joyful one. However, music should convey not stormy joy, but gentle, quiet. At the end, let the melody sound, conveying the poet's enthusiastic love for the world.
In conclusion, we summarize what are the main tasks of working with lyric poems in elementary school.
- To expand the literary horizons of schoolchildren through exemplary works of Russian classical poetry of the 19th century.
- To form primary ideas about the specifics of lyrical works, to teach to understand the main mood of the poem and its changes.
- To form the ability to understand the figurative and expressive means of the language (personification, epithet, comparison, sound writing, contrast) and their role in a work of art.
- Develop imaginative thinking and creative imagination of students.
- Improve reading comprehension.
The poet could easily and naturally write about nature, because he grew up close to the earth. He knew well the life and way of rural life, since only a few years had passed since he first left his small homeland.
The work "Good morning" has an optimistic orientation. The basis of the plot is conveyed in the form of a life statement. It should be noted that in the lines one can trace a special emotional state of the author, which was peculiar to him precisely from the 10s of the last century.
The first book created by Sergei Yesenin was called "Radunitsa". The title shows the joy of perception, as well as the fullness of feeling all the charms of the life path. It was these principles that were characteristic of the poems that were created in the pre-revolutionary period by a young author.
If the verse is read superficially, then immediately there is a feeling that the work is directly related to the lyrics of the landscape plan. Yesenin brought the image of a gradually awakening nature to the main plot plan. There are clearly expressed feelings of admiration for her beauty.
In order to most accurately analyze the poem, it will be necessary to consider the features of language levels. As practice shows, it is these features that make it possible to most accurately characterize the text itself, to come to the deepest understanding and perception of worldview forms in poetry.
Analysis of the poem "Good morning!"
After reading the first lines of the work, it immediately becomes clear that the poet focuses on the beauty of nature. It should be noted that the letter “z” abounds in the lines - this is a kind of highlighting of certain words and phrases in the text. Such a technique: "The golden stars dozed off, The mirror of the backwater trembled" - called alliteration, speaks of the professionalism of the author.
If an analysis of the phonetic plan is made, the reader will be able to establish that the plot line of the poem is highly instrumented. The entire rhythmic melody consists of two exclusive rows of sound accompaniment. The first is the use of voiced consonants - "z", "d", "b", as well as sonorant letters - "p", "l", "m", "n" when creating rhymes. They give charm and distinguish the poem from the variety of similar ones. The above consonants, to achieve greater effect, are supported by various assonances - "a", "e", "o".
The second row of sound accompaniment is distinguished by the use of deaf hissing sounds - “s”, “t”, “p”, “sh”. These letters are intended to create a kind of shading in the works, as well as to give the picture a pastel, nebula of images of nature, which has not yet fully awakened after a night's sleep.
It is worth noting that nature is shown here very elegantly. At the beginning of the poem, when the stars go to sleep, the rest of nature is completely sleepy, just beginning to wake up. She declares her existence and more and more diverse voices begin to appear in the poem. This is achieved by using various voiced letters when creating rhymes, as well as sonorous sounds, supplemented by repeated vowels.
The use of various mutually exclusive sounds in the text gives an exceptional feature to the poetic lines. The sound sequences in this case are not displayed, but create an exclusive melody of the poem itself, allowing the author of the work to convey to the reader all the inner thoughts created on the basis of the harmony of nature and human nature. The connection of closing sound rows in the first line of the poem is clearly expressed:
"…Good morning!..."
The special structure of poetic lines
The product includes a large number of various forms. These are various personifications, which are represented by constantly dormant stars, smiles and tousled braids of lovely birches, elegant nettles and a whisper of natural nature.The poem also contains exclusive epithets that give the work a distinctive piquancy. They are presented in the form of golden stars, sleepy birches, silk braids, silvery dew, bright mother-of-pearl nature, as well as the playful whisper of dawn.
In the creation of Sergei Yesenin, there are also metaphors that give the works a certain charm. They are presented in the form of a mirror backwater, nets of the sky, glowing dew, as well as mother-of-pearl dew drops in the form of pearls.
It should be noted that the author was able to write a poem as if nature in it acts as a living being. Even earrings on a birch are perceived not as seeds, but as a special decoration, a separate piece of jewelry. Its meaning is figurative, and refers to the femininity of the natural landscape itself.
The use of tropes in the poem gives color to the work, plastically moving the plot from beginning to end. Sergei Yesenin managed to convey to the reader the fullness of life that occurs during the formation of natural nature. Every detail in the lines acquires a lively, humanized character.
It is worth noting that the awakening nature is also expressed using a variety of stylistic figures. There are various inversions in the work. For example, golden stars, the glimmer of light. Such features allow you to reflect the unusual nature of the landscape, giving it freshness.
Present in the lines and end-to-end techniques that the author used as skillfully as possible. The most common technique is syntactic parallelism. In the main place here is a verb that carries thoughts about movement, imitating life as a form of existing matter.
Pay special attention to the first stanza. Here there is a verb, a subject, as well as a minor member of the sentence. The next stanza, which has slightly shifted accents, is also of the same type. In the first case, the key role is assigned to the verb, and in the second stanza, the three-term structure of the adjective itself. This is due to the fact that in the second line special attention is paid to the life of nature itself, and it is most manifested here. Nature has already woken up here and each of its manifestations, each individual particle is presented to the reader in its exquisite and natural form.
Features of the structure of poetic lines
If you look at the work from the point of view of structure, it is the last stanza that stands out the most. There is only one subject here, namely nettle. This image is alive and is accompanied by an addition in the form of four words-verbs. Each individual phrase contains a certain action, even the adverb - playfully - implies the verb "naughty" in its sense. It is thanks to this vitality that the author managed to convey the idea that is present in the title.
It should be noted that the line "Good morning!" deviates markedly from the general rhythm of the poem. It, when compared with other phrases, has the structure of a pentameter trochaic combined with a two-foot one. The "truncation" of this phrase adds additional energy to the entire poem.
The last lines stand out intonation, giving a special sound to the work. And this was created by the author not by chance. He tries to convey to the reader thoughts that move from kindness to strength and grace. This gives the work a special poetic quality.
The poem "Good morning!", created by Sergei Yesenin, is presented in the form of a ring composition. The main goal of this form is to reflect the integrity of the life path, as well as the harmony of nature and man, with elements indicating the eternity of its existence.
Sergei Yesenin poems
Anthology of Russian poetry
GOOD MORNING!
Golden stars dozed off,
The mirror of the backwater trembled,
Light shines on the river backwaters
And blushes the grid of the sky.
Sleepy birches smiled,
Tousled silk braids.
Rustling green earrings,
And silver dews are burning.
The wattle fence has an overgrown nettle
Dressed in bright mother-of-pearl
And, swaying, he whispers playfully:
"Good morning!"
Read by E. Korovina
Yesenin Sergey Alexandrovich (1895-1925)
Yesenin was born into a peasant family. From 1904 to 1912 he studied at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School and at the Spas-Klepikovskaya School. During this time, he wrote more than 30 poems, compiled a handwritten collection "Sick Thoughts" (1912), which he tried to publish in Ryazan. The Russian village, the nature of central Russia, oral folk art, and most importantly, Russian classical literature had a strong influence on the formation of the young poet, directed his natural talent. Yesenin himself at different times named different sources that fed his work: songs, ditties, fairy tales, spiritual poems, “The Tale of Igor's Campaign”, the poetry of Lermontov, Koltsov, Nikitin and Nadson. Later he was influenced by Blok, Klyuev, Bely, Gogol, Pushkin.
From Yesenin's letters of 1911-1913, the complicated life of the poet emerges. All this was reflected in the poetic world of his lyrics in 1910 - 1913, when he wrote more than 60 poems and poems. Yesenin's most significant works, which brought him fame as one of the best poets, were created in the 1920s.
Like any great poet, Yesenin is not a thoughtless singer of his feelings and experiences, but a poet - a philosopher. Like all poetry, his lyrics are philosophical. Philosophical lyrics are poems in which the poet speaks about the eternal problems of human existence, conducts a poetic dialogue with man, nature, earth, the universe. An example of the complete interpenetration of nature and man is the poem “Green Hairstyle” (1918). One develops in two plans: a birch is a girl. The reader will never know who this poem is about - about a birch tree or about a girl. Because a person here is likened to a tree - the beauty of the Russian forest, and she - to a person. Birch in Russian poetry is a symbol of beauty, harmony, youth; she is bright and chaste.
The poetry of nature, the mythology of the ancient Slavs, are imbued with such poems of 1918 as “Silver Road...”, “Songs, songs about what are you shouting about?”, “I left my dear home...”, “Golden foliage spun...” etc.
Yesenin's poetry of the last, most tragic years (1922 - 1925) is marked by a desire for a harmonious worldview. Most often, in the lyrics one feels a deep understanding of oneself and the Universe (“I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry ...”, “The golden grove dissuaded ...”, “Now we are leaving a little ...”, etc.)
The poem of values in Yesenin's poetry is one and indivisible; everything is interconnected in it, everything forms a single picture of the “beloved homeland” in all its diversity of shades. This is the highest ideal of the poet.
Having passed away at the age of 30, Yesenin left us a wonderful poetic legacy, and as long as the earth lives, Yesenin, the poet, is destined to live with us and “sing with his whole being in the poet the sixth part of the earth with the short name “Rus”.
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin
Golden stars dozed off,
The mirror of the backwater trembled,
Light shines on the river backwaters
And blushes the grid of the sky.
Sleepy birches smiled,
Tousled silk braids.
Rustling green earrings,
And silver dews are burning.
The wattle fence has an overgrown nettle
Dressed in bright mother-of-pearl
And, swaying, he whispers playfully:
"Good morning!"
Yesenin's work is inextricably linked with landscape lyrics, inspired by memories of childhood. The poet grew up in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province, which he left as a 17-year-old boy, setting off to conquer Moscow. However, the memory of the surprisingly bright and exciting Russian nature, changeable and many-sided, the poet kept in his heart for the rest of his life.
The poem "Good morning!", Written in 1914, allows us to fully judge Yesenin's poetic talent and his reverent attitude towards his homeland. A small poetic sketch, which tells about how the world awakens under the first rays of the gentle summer sun, is filled with lyricism and metaphors of amazing beauty.
So, in each stanza of the poem there is an imagery characteristic of Yesenin. The poet consciously endows inanimate objects with the qualities and abilities that are inherent in living people. The morning begins with the fact that “golden stars dozed off”, giving way to the daylight. After that, “the backwater mirror trembled”, on the surface of which the first rays of the sun fell. Yesenin associates daylight with a natural source of life, which gives warmth and “blushes” the sky. The author describes the sunrise as if this familiar natural phenomenon is a kind of miracle, under the influence of which the whole world around us is transformed beyond recognition.
A special place in the work of Sergei Yesenin is occupied by the image of the Russian birch., which appears in various guises. However, most often the poet ascribes to her the features of a young, fragile girl. In the poem "Good morning!" it is birch trees that are one of the key characters that "came to life" at the behest of the author. Under the influence of warm sunlight, they "smiled" and "disheveled their silk braids." That is, the poet deliberately forms an attractive female image for readers, complementing it with “green earrings” and dew drops sparkling like diamonds.
Possessing a bright poetic talent, Sergei Yesenin easily combines the magic of Russian nature and quite ordinary, everyday things in his works. For example, in the poem "Good morning!" against the backdrop of a revived backwater and a birch girl, the author describes an ordinary village wattle fence with thickets of nettles. However, even this thorny plant, which Yesenin also associates with a young lady, the poet endows with pristine beauty, noting that the nettle "dressed itself with bright mother of pearl." And this unusual outfit seemed to transform the burning beauty, turning her from an evil and grumpy fury and a secular coquette who wishes good morning to random passers-by.
As a result, this work, consisting of only three short quatrains, very accurately and fully reproduces the picture of the awakening of nature and creates an amazing atmosphere of joy and peace. Like a romantic artist, Yesenin endows each line with a wealth of colors that can convey not only color, but also smell, taste, and feelings. The author deliberately left many nuances “behind the scenes” and did not talk about what the coming day would be like and what exactly it would bring. Because such a narrative would certainly destroy the subtle charm of that moment that separates night from day and is called morning. But with all this, the poem looks like a completely full-fledged work, the logical conclusion of which is the wish “Good morning!”, Addressed to all those who at least once in their life met the dawn in the village, and can appreciate the moment of awakening of nature, exciting and magnificent.
