Russian language AND m I With at sch e With T V And T e l b n O e 6th grade

"Noun - conductor of a grammar orchestra"

Questions to study:

Noun as part of speech

Proper and common nouns

Animate and inanimate nouns

Means of expressing gender values

Distribution of nouns by gender

Gender of indeclinable nouns

Kind of abbreviations. Fluctuations in gender of nouns

Common nouns

Spelling of the suffixes chik, shchik

Noun is an independent part of speech that denotes an object. Answers the questions: Who? or What?

Scientists have found that noun- the most numerous part of speech in terms of number of words. About 40% of all words in the Russian language are nouns.

The noun is used for

designations:

Specific objects of the surrounding reality: taiga, ocean, liner, iceberg, anchor

Living creatures: bird, bear, man, Lesha, passenger

Facts, events and phenomena: morning, vacation, vacation, performance, cloudy.

Qualities, properties, actions and states: courage, kindness, rest, reading, cleaning, threshing

own: Mendeleev, Volga, Ekaterinburg

common nouns: scientist, river, city

specific: girl, leopard, snowdrop

non-specific: courage, barley, foliage

animate: cranes, cat, schoolboy

inanimate: larch, division, stone

Animate nouns answer the question Who?

Inanimate nouns answer the question What?

Proper nouns include not only first names, patronymics, last names of people, geographical names, names of literary works, but also names of historical events, names of paintings, films, performances, names of enterprises, names of animals.

Proper names are written with a capital letter. Titles of books, names of magazines, newspapers, paintings, films, performances, plants, factories, ships, etc. are not only written with a capital letter, but also enclosed in quotation marks.

For example:

B aikal (proper)

TO Ulikovskaya battle (proper name)

Newspaper "AND news » (newspaper name)

In the Russian language, the following types of grammatical gender are distinguished:

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter gender

Common gender

Masculine

He is mine

potato

Feminine

She is mine

romance

Neuter gender

It's mine

Common gender

In the Russian language, a special place is occupied by the so-called common nouns .

There are three groups of common nouns:

1. Declined common nouns with the ending -а (-я), by meaning they are a qualitative characteristic of a person:

orphan, white-handed, smart, lazy, sweet-toothed, upstart, miserable, quiet, suck-up, capricious, roaring

2. Common nouns that call reduce unique names for boys and girls:

Sasha, Zhenya, Valya.

3. Indeclinable surnames of foreign language origin ending in a vowel:

Rabelais, Dumas, Donezetti, Verdi,

as well as surnames of Slavic origin ending in vowels and consonants:

Shevchenko, Durnovo, Chernykh.

Gender of indeclinable nouns can be defined semantically (meaning) or syntactically - forms of the agreed word.

The neuter gender includes

The masculine gender includes

1. Nouns naming male persons, as well as persons by profession, position, regardless of gender: monsieur, padre, maestro, bourgeois, attache, protégé, entertainer, couturier.

nouns that are names of inanimate objects: coat, depot, muffler, role, interview, cliche, show, mango, dragee, meringue, sake, Beaujolais, cabaret, coupe, relay, madrasah.

2. Most of the words are names of animals.

Gender of indeclinable nouns, denoting geographical names and names of press organs, is determined by the gender of the corresponding common noun: turbulent Mississippi (river) - w. river, full-flowing Ontario (lake) - cf. r., sunny Baku (city) - m. r., beautiful Tbilisi (city) - m. r., reported The Times (newspaper) - f. R.

flamingo, cockatoo, pony, kangaroo

3. Some inanimate nouns: coffee, sirocco, esperanto, hindi.

The feminine gender includes

1. Words denoting females: madam, mademoiselle, lady.

2. Some inanimate nouns.

kohlrabi

salami

Avenue

tsetse(excl., f.r., fly)

Type of abbreviations

The gender of indeclinable abbreviations usually corresponds to the gender of the main word of the phrase that forms the basis of the abbreviation:

MSU announced (university - m.r.)

Komsomol collapsed (union - m. r.)

VDNKh opened (exhibition - zh.r.)

Antidictant:

Among the proposed words, some are spelled correctly and some are misspelled. You need to find, correct errors and explain spellings.

Addition, no time, crooked, loader, to the station, polka dots, spread .

Check yourself!

Antidictant:

Examination

Addition, no time e neither, nor And To A I say, load h ik, at the station And , polka dots, races With telesh .

Write down only those words that are nouns.

Complete the task in your notebook and then test yourself!

Green, green, turn green. Stomp, stomp. Wash, wash, washing. Be friends, friends, friendship, friendly. Dark, darkness, darken.

Check yourself!

Examination

Greenery, stomping, washing, friends, friendship, darkness.

Write down nouns from the given words a) divergent b) inflexible c) common nouns

Complete the task in your notebook and then test yourself!

Fidget, name, aloe, way, coffee, arrogant, taxi, smart girl, time, coat, crown, cocoa, upstart

Check yourself!

Examination

a) heterodeclinable: name, time, path, crown b) inflexible: coffee, taxi, coat, aloe, cocoa c) common nouns: fidget, arrogant, smart, upstart

Read the words. In each group, find the fourth “extra” one and click on it to check. If you find the “extra” word correctly, it will disappear.

cocoa

coat

highway

coffee

sock

corn

dahlia

tomato

pigeon

sadness

wisdom

stupidity

cafe

cockatoo

muffler

movie

tulle

kangaroo

bunch

piano

Let's practice determining the genus

Determine the gender of indeclinable nouns. Choose the correct ending. If you find it correctly, it will fall into place; if it is incorrect, it will disappear.

Densely populated... San Francisco

Huge... Gobi

Full water Congo

Sunny… Tbilisi

Deep... Ontario

Syntax five minutes

Compose a new sentence, taking the necessary parts of the sentence from the sentences given to you.

Complete the task in your notebook and then test yourself!

1. Children play happily. (Circumstance) 2. The oak tree rustles its leaves. (Predicate) 3. The wind frolics in the sky. (Subject) 4. The birch tree is covered with leaves. (Addition)

Check yourself!

Examination

The breeze rustles the leaves merrily.

Syntax five minutes

Spelling of noun suffixes –CHIK- and –SHCHIK- Here is a funny but “insidious” story. Try to cope with the spelling of the suffixes –chik-, -schik-.

One day, an intelligence officer received a responsible task: to infiltrate a group of dangerous conspirators and find out about their secret plans. He had to spend a lot of effort, courage and time to complete the task: he visited concrete... ik, and stone... ik, and welding... ik, and an excavator... ik, and plumbing... ik, and parquet... ik, and electric weld... ik, and even roofers, when it turned out that the conspirators were just builders, and their secret plans included the construction of a new school.

Check yourself!

Examination

Once upon a time h ik received a responsible task: to infiltrate a group of dangerous plots sch iks and learn about their secret plans. He had to expend a lot of strength, courage and time to complete the task: he visited concrete sch hick and stone sch Icom and quarrel sch Icom and excavator sch Icom, and water supply h icom, and parquet h Icom and electric welder sch ik, and even roofs sch Icom when it became clear that the conspiracy sch They were just builders, and their secret plans included the construction of a new school.

http://www.goldrussian.ru/sushhestvitelnoe/ theory

http://vse.kz/uploads/monthly_05_2012/post-354951-0-48766000-1337833612.jpeg little pebble

http://boombob.ru/img/picture/Jun/21/430255cbd3e5a4a42eb5385459ba12b8/7.jpg cat

http://prostobridge.ru/assets/images/ktotam2.jpg little pebble

http://im0-tub-ru.yandex.net/i?id=71334ef2924a19d2e98cdb53c4f9328b&n=21 sailor skin

http://im0-tub-ru.yandex.net/i?id=e669f9c29da9c45c9c27114029f83f11&n=21 background

http://im1-tub-ru.yandex.net/i?id=25a49f8e9a793dc3ab8d4840b72ca879&n=21 background

The initial form is the nominative plural.
Morphological characteristics:
1. Constants: proper or common noun;
declination; gender (for singular nouns);
animate or inanimate.
2. Inconstant: case; number.
Syntactic role:
General grammatical meaning. Indicates
item.

Proper nouns –
first names, surnames, nicknames, animal names,
geographical and astronomical names,
names of newspapers, magazines, books, etc.
Common nouns
general
Name
names
For
nouns –
all homogeneous items
phenomena
And

Noun cases

There are six cases in Russian. Case is determined by
questions.
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Instrumental
Prepositional
- Who? What?
- whom? what?
- to whom? what?
- whom? What?
- by whom? how?
– about whom? about what?
All cases except the nominative are called indirect.
Words in indirect cases can be used with
prepositions.

Changing words by case is called declension. There are three declensions of nouns.

Declensions
1st class
J., m.r.
2nd class
M. r.
-and I
Earth
dad
3rd class
Wed. R.
J. b.
-o, -e
table
window
field
daughter

Indeclinable nouns do not change by case or number: coffee, aloe, pony.

Don't bow
Russian surnames starting with –ovo, -ago
Durnovo, Zhivago
On -y, -them
Gray, Long
Ukrainian surnames ending in –ko
Shevchenko, Kostenko
Foreign surnames,
ending in a vowel
Zola's novels
Russian and foreign surnames,
ending in a consonant
bow when denoting persons
male, and do not bow if
denote female persons
Tatyana Zhuk –
no Tatyana Zhuk,
no Ivan Zhuk

Indeclinable nouns – ten neuter nouns in -name: burden, time, udder, banner, name, flame, tribe, seed, stirrup, t

Indeclinable nouns –
-ten neuter nouns in -mya: burden,
time, udder, banner, name, flame, tribe, seed, stirrup, crown -
and a masculine noun way.
In genitive, dative and prepositional cases in
singular have endings -and, like
nouns of the 3rd declension, in the instrumental case
take the endings of nouns of the 2nd declension -em:
to the banner, about time, banner, time.
We must not forget about the substantivized (transferred to
nouns) adjectives and
participles. They are declined as adjectives;
characterizing them, we make sure to note this
peculiarity.

Gender of nouns
Male
Female
city
Street
Human
cat
Average
art
animal
General
Nouns,
denoting persons
female and
male
orphan
crybaby
Valya
Zhenya

Gender of compound nouns

Compound contractions
words composed
from the initial sounds
or letters
Gender is determined by
gender of the reference word
MSU - husband r., because
reference word university
Gender of compounds
is defined like this:
According to the word that expresses
broader concept
beautiful admiral butterfly
a van passed by
If the concepts are equivalent,
gender is determined by the first
word
new cafe-restaurant
If the first word is lost
inclination, gender
determined by the second word
Comfortable raincoat tent –
in a comfortable raincoat
In the interesting “Roman-newspaper”

Gender of indeclinable nouns

Noun foreign language
denoting
Inanimate.
items
Wed. genus
highway
Taxi
exceptions:
coffee (m.r.)
avenue (g.r.)
salami (female)
Animating
items
Husband. genus
gray cockatoo
little Pony
exceptions:
iwasi (female)
tsetse (female)
Noun,
Naming
persons
Noun,
naming persons
by profession
Gender depends
from real
gender
designated
faces
Husband. genus
English
dandy
real
lady
military attaché
experienced
entertainer
But: they can
call
and the faces of women. floor.
This
observed and
among
inclined
noun:
young doctor
Ivanova
Noun,
denoting
geographer.
names. Genus
determined
the origin of those natives.
noun,
with which these
titles
can be
replaced
Sukhumi-city (m.r.)
Mississippi River (r.)

Animate names
nouns serve
names of living
creatures and respond to
question is who?
Inanimate nouns
serve as names for nonliving things
objects and answer the question what?

Grammatically, the category of animateness of inanimateness is expressed in the fact that among animate
nouns accusative plural form
numbers coincide with the genitive case form
plural:
R. n. people, birds, animals
V. n. people, birds, animals
inanimate nouns have an accusative form
plural case coincides with the form
nominative plural:
And. n. forests, mountains, rivers
V. n. forests, mountains, rivers
In addition, for animate masculine nouns
II declension accusative case coincides with the genitive
also in the singular, for inanimate ones - with
nominative: I see a student, an elk, a crane, but a detachment, a forest,
regiment.

Attention!

Usually we talk about animateness and inanimateness when
characteristics of masculine and feminine nouns.
At the same time, our ideas about living and nonliving things are often not
coincide with the grammatical category. From nouns
of the neuter gender are animated by monster, bogeyman and those who have passed
from adjectives and participles animal, insect,
mammal, as well as child, creature, person (in the meaning
Human).
The following are animate from a grammatical point of view:
words denoting inanimate objects: dead, deceased, God,
devil, doll, queen. The names of plants (flower, tree) and
the word corpse is attributed to inanimate nouns.

Number of nouns

Nouns change according to numbers: edge - edges, number - numbers.
Some nouns are used only in the singular
or only in the plural.
Nouns that have only a singular form:
1. Names of many identical persons, objects (collective
nouns): youth, children, spruce forest.
2. Names of objects with real meaning: asphalt, honey,
rye, steel.
3. Names of quality or trait: anger, dexterity, whiteness.
4. Names of actions or states: mowing, running, excitement.
5. Some proper names: Moscow, Volga.
Nouns that have only a plural form:
1. Names of composite and paired items: trousers, scales, watches.
2. Names of materials: whitewash, perfume, cream, sawdust.
3. Names of periods of time, games: vacation, day, blind man's buff.
4. Names of actions and states of nature: chores, elections,
twilight.
5. Some geographical names: Carpathians, Fili.

Syntactic role
A noun can be anything
member of the sentence, but most often
subject or object.

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Russian language Hello guys! Today we will go on an exciting journey and get acquainted with the wonderful world of words.

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Our speech consists of words. All words in Russian are some part of speech

5 slide

Watermelon, think, cheerful, sun, play, big, bear, dog, run, good, draw, golden. Russian language What groups can these words be divided into? Why? Write them down in three columns

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Test yourself watermelon sun bear dog cheerful big good golden think play run draw Russian language What do the words of each group mean?

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All these items exist. They are. They are real. EXISTENCE is a noun, a grammatical word meaning an object, i.e. a person, thing or abstraction. -to be, to be, to remain, to be... V. Dahl

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Let's think! Words that answer the question what? are called …………………………….. Words that answer the question who? are called …………………………….

Slide 9

Add a word Natural phenomena: what? freezing, …. Events: what? holiday, …. Condition: what? resentment,... Russian language Write three more words for each group of nouns

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The words watermelon, traffic light, comb, scissors answer the question WHAT? and denote inanimate objects. These are INANIMATE NOUNS. The words butterfly, boy, pig, hedgehog answer the question WHO? and denote animate objects. These are ANIMATED NOUNS.

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Divide into groups Candle, jug, doctor, dove, sparrow, coat, pencil, meeting, swifts, girl, class, seagull. Russian language

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Check yourself, anyone? doctor pigeon sparrow swifts girl seagull what? candle jug coat pencil meeting class Russian language animate inanimate

Slide 13

Number of nouns Russian language How many objects can a noun denote?

Slide 14

Remember! Nouns are used in singular and plural. To denote one object, the noun is used in the singular (singular). To denote several objects, the noun is used in the plural (plural)

Slide 2

Noun.

Slide 3

A noun is an independent part of speech that denotes an object and answers the questions who? what? (whom? what? to whom? What? etc.) The general grammatical meaning of a noun is the meaning of the subject. A subject in grammar is everything that can be asked about: who is this or what is this?

Slide 4

By meaning, nouns are divided into groups: 1. concrete - name specific objects of living or inanimate nature: magazine, plane, brother, rook, fish, mosquito, etc. 2. material - name various substances air, oil, sugar, gasoline, nylon, etc. .3.abstract - name phenomena perceived mentally: teaching, reading, stubbornness, etc. 4.collective - name many identical objects as one whole: children, teaching, foliage, etc.

Slide 5

Nouns that name homogeneous objects are common nouns: student, country, river, forest, etc. In order to single out a particular object from the entire group of homogeneous objects, it is given a special name. Each person has his own first name, patronymic and last name, which serve to distinguish this person from the mass of people. Common and proper nouns.

Slide 6

Nouns that name single (individual) objects are proper names: Moscow, Volga, Maria Andrey, Kashtanka, etc. Proper nouns are given names, patronymics, last names of people, names of animals, names of cities, rivers, etc.

Slide 7

Animate nouns name objects of living nature, they are asked the question who? :grandfather, cat, pike, fly, worm, etc. Inanimate nouns name objects of inanimate nature, they are asked what?: city, soap, laughter, water, stone, building, etc. Animate and inanimate nouns.

Slide 8

Animate and inanimate nouns are distinguished not only by meaning, but also by the form of the accusative case: in animate nouns the form is wine. p.m. h. is the same with the form of gender.p.mn. h., and for inanimate nouns – with the form im.p. pl. h.

Slide 9

Nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. The gender of a noun can be determined by adding my (m. r.), my (f. r.), my (cf. r.) to the noun. In addition, for some nouns it is possible to determine the gender by the meaning of the word, since some words name male people and animals, while others call the feminine gender of the noun.

Slide 10

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Nouns have two numbers - singular and plural. Concrete nouns change according to numbers. Changes in numbers are conveyed using endings. Real, abstract, collective nouns and some others do not change in number. They have singular. and many more numbers. Number of the noun.

Slide 12

Only singular numbers have the following form: 1. real ones: milk, sour cream, etc. 2. abstract: love, friendship, etc. 3.collective: teaching, foliage, etc. 4. own: Caucasus, Urals, etc. Only plural numbers have: 1. real: ink, cleaning, etc. 2. distracted: holidays, name days, etc. 3. words denoting paired objects: glasses, sleigh, etc. 4. own: Alps, Carpathians, etc. For nouns that have only the plural form. h, the gender and type of declension are not determined.

Slide 13

There are six cases in Russian. Each case has its own name and answers a specific question. Case and declension of nouns.

Slide 14

All cases except the nominative are called indirect. Cases show the relationship of the noun to other words in the sentence. To determine the case of a noun you need to: 1. find the word on which the noun depends; 2. ask a case question from this word to the noun.

Slide 15

Singular nouns are divided into three types of declension. The first declension includes feminine nouns with the ending –а(-я), as well as a small number of masculine nouns with the ending –а(-я). The second declension includes masculine nouns with a zero ending, as well as neuter nouns with the ending –о(-е). The third declension includes feminine nouns with a zero ending. They have a soft sign at the end of the stem. Declension of nouns in the singular.

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Slide captions:

PART OF SPEECH - NOUN Concept of a noun Gender of nouns Number of nouns Animate and inanimate nouns Proper and common nouns Cases of nouns Three declensions of nouns

THE CONCEPT OF A NOUN A noun is a part of speech that answers the questions WHO? WHAT? , denoting an object: BOOK, TABLE, WINDOW.

Find nouns among the written words and underline them with one line: Robe, pink, hanging, crying, birch, beautiful, blue, sky, screaming, writing, hand, white, blue, walking, winter. EXAMINATION

GENDER OF NOUNS Masculine gender – HE, MY. Feminine – SHE, MY. Neuter gender – IT, MINE.

Distribute nouns by gender into three tables: Brother, earth, face, window, wall, flower, hat, scarf, coat, cat, cow, sun. Check M.r. Zh.r. Wed.

NUMBER OF NOUNS Nouns vary according to number: singular plural (singular) (plural) fish fish doctor doctors window windows

Distribute the nouns by number in two columns: Birch, watermelons, tables, chair, bag, boots, vases, door. Plural check Units

ANIMATE AND INANIMATE NOUNS Nouns that answer the question WHO? are called animate. Nouns that answer the question WHAT? are called inanimate. WHO? CAT WHAT? CHAIR WHAT?

Distribute nouns that answer the questions WHO?, WHAT? in two columns: Sofa, sparrow, birch, city, girl, hare, cow, shovel, car, dog. Who? What? Examination

PROPER AND COMMON NOUNS Nouns written with a capital letter are called PROPER NOUNS. Nouns written with a lowercase letter are called common nouns. For example: from both Zhuchka

1. A goat and a Christmas tree are grazing in the meadow. The tree carries nuts into the hollow. 2. The dog __arik is running in the yard. The girl holds an arik in her hand. Insert missing letters into words: Check B b Sh w

CASES OF NOUNS Name of case Auxiliary words Case questions Prepositions Nominative case is who? What? Genitive no one? what? without, near, to, from, about, from, near, with, at Give the dative case to whom? what? k, by accusative case I see who? What? under, for, about, through, in, on the Instrumental case, happy with whom? how? for, between, above, under, with Prepositional case I'm talking about whom? about what? in, about, about, on, at

Change words by case: Name of case Case questions fox umbrella sea nominative case who? What? fox umbrella mor genitive case whom? what? fox umbrella mor dative case to whom? what? fox umbrella mor accusative case of whom? What? fox umbrella mor instrumental case by whom? how? fox umbrella mor prepositional case about whom? about what? about fox about umbrella about more Checking

THREE DECLINATIONS OF NOUNS First declension Masculine -a, -ya young man uncle ya birds a Feminine -a, -ya earth Second declension Masculine _ father day Neutral gender -o, -e grain o happiness e Third declension Feminine - daughter, give birth

Determine the declension in nouns: Doll, field, oven, doctor, heron, mouse, grandfather, daughter, stump, thing, log, uncle. Check 1 2 3 2 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 1

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