Ivanovo- this is the "chintz edge", Ivanovo- this is the "city of brides", Ivanovo is the textile capital of our country. Ivanovo is located 290 km northeast of Moscow on the banks of the Uvod River. The city is almost equidistant from the nearest neighbors of Vladimir, Kostroma and Yaroslavl by about 100 km. The Ivanovo region borders on the Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma, Yaroslavl and Vladimir regions.

The exact date of the founding of the city is unknown, and despite the lack of documentary evidence, it is officially accepted that this is 1561. It is reliably known that in 1630 there were 123 households in Ivanovo and the village belonged to the Shuisky family, and after 37 years the number of houses doubled.

It is interesting that modern Ivanovo until 1932 was called Ivanovo-Voznesensk and was formed only in 1871 at the merger of Voznesensky Posad and the village of Ivanovo.

Now Ivanovo is one of the largest centers of the textile industry in our country. This traditional craft dates back to the 17th century, and in the 19th century it reached its apogee. Despite the fact that in recent years there has been a significant decline in textile production, and the number of weaving enterprises has decreased slightly, the city has managed to weather the crisis and find new distribution channels for its weaving products.

Climate Ivanovo

Ivanovo is located in the temperate continental climate zone. The weather changes quite often in the city, the reason for this is cyclones that regularly visit these parts. They bring with them coolness in the summer months and bitter cold with arctic air in the winter.

In summer, real heat sometimes reigns in Ivanovo, which brings with it hot dry air masses that originated in the expanses of the Kazakhstan steppes.

Winter in the city comes into its own in December and lasts until early March. Spring is quite warm, and summer comes at the end of May and ends at the end of August. The weather is largely influenced by the air masses of the Atlantic, the Arctic and Siberia.

Thus, Ivanovo is characterized by rather hot summers and cold winters with rather large snow cover. The average annual temperature is 3.6 degrees. The coldest time in the city is in January, the average temperature of which is at the level of 11-12 degrees below zero. The warmest is in July, the average temperature in this month is at the level of 17-19 degrees Celsius.

Ecology Ivanovo

Ivanovo is a fairly developed industrial center, and therefore it cannot be said that the ecological situation here is good. The air in the city is subject to regular pollution from industrial and clothing industries, as well as a large number of both freight and public transport, as well as personal transport of citizens. Ivanovo and its ecology are noticeably affected by transit passenger and freight traffic, because the road to Moscow passes through the city.

However, it cannot be unequivocally stated that the city is going through a period of ecological disaster, and the ecology is at a critical level, by no means, ecologists give it a satisfactory assessment. So Ivanovo takes only 19th place among 82 cities in Russia, which are recognized as safe for the life and health of residents. This was facilitated by the fact that in the 90s of the last century a number of industries were closed, most of them textile. But Ivanovo is not included.

One of the main problems of Ivanovo is the problem of providing citizens with clean drinking water. The thing is that city rivers and reservoirs are significantly polluted, including household waste. Water is supplied to the houses of Ivanovo residents from the Uvodskoye reservoir, which is the favorite place for recreation for the residents of the city. Not surprisingly, its condition is of great concern to environmental services.

Not so long ago, in order to protect the Uvod River, its tributaries, as well as the reservoir, an environmental forum was organized.

Population of Ivanovo

According to the latest data, 409,223 people live in Ivanovo. The absolute maximum of the city's population was recorded in 1992, when this figure was 480,400 people. Then, for 12 years, there was a steady demographic decline, the death rate significantly exceeded the birth rate, and during this period the city lost about 75,400 people.

In recent years, extras have noted a certain increase in the number of Ivanovo residents, but by no means due to the fact that there are more births and fewer deaths. Unfortunately, no, the growth is associated with the migration of the population and, above all, the population of neighboring countries.

People from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Armenia and other countries come to Ivanovo to live and work. Here they stay, receive citizenship, and their children go to school on a par with the children of ordinary Ivanovo residents.

The city is not only experiencing a natural decline in the indigenous population, but also the process of natural aging. Every year the proportion of people of working age decreases and the number of pensioners increases. The average age of Ivanovo residents is 41 years, and the average family composition is 2.3 people.

Ivanovo justifies the glory of the city of brides, there are more women and girls here than men, and among students there are more girls on average by 15%.

The standard of living of the city cannot be called high, despite the fact that according to statistics, the average salary is at the level of 29 thousand rubles, in real life the salaries of public sector workers are in the range of 5-12 thousand. Pensioners, on average, receive 8 thousand per month.

Famous people

Many talented and well-known figures in the field of culture, fashion, art and politics were born, lived, studied in Ivanovo.

In 1938, the world-famous fashion designer Vyacheslav Zaitsev was born here. In Ivanovo, he studied, graduated from the Chemical Technology College. Director Andrey Tarkovsky was born in the Ivanovo industrial region in the village of Zavrazhye (now the Kostroma region, Kadysky district).

The Ivanovo region became the homeland for the artist M. S. Ageev, the ballerina M. S. Bogolyubskaya, the artist O. K. Ptitsin, the soloists of the Disco Crash group and many others.

Ivanovo was the birthplace of such politicians as A. S. Bubnov, I. E. Lyubimov, P. P. Postyshev, as well as activists of the revolution - O. A. Varentsova, S. G. Nechaev, M. V. Frunze.

Ivanovo is known for such patrons as: N.P. Sheremetiev (owner of the village of Ivanovo), D.G. Burylin, P.N. Derbenev, Ya.P. Garelin (founder of manufactory production).

Economy

Historically, Ivanovo was formed and developed as an industrial center with a predominance of textile production, which first appeared here in the 17th century. Ivanovo flourished as a textile center in the 19th century, and in the late 20s, here, as well as throughout the country, there was a significant decline. Now Ivanovo is a city with a subsidized economy.

Despite the fact that there has been a significant reduction in textile production in recent times, a significant number of large and small tailoring enterprises still operate in the city.

Developed in Ivanovo and mechanical engineering. The city has such enterprises as Ivenergomash (production of drilling machines, cell communication towers, loaders), Truck crane, KRANEKS (earth-moving equipment), IZTS (machine tool building).

There are also several chemical industries in the city. Recently, food production enterprises have been actively developing.

As well as throughout Russia, the service sector and trade are rapidly gaining momentum. Every day, a huge number of shop tourists from nearby regions and cities are brought to the city as part of the shop tourism program.

Investments

Currently, the Ivanovo region occupies only 57th place in the rating of investment attractiveness and 47th place in the rating of regions with investment risks. It should be noted that over the past years, the region has risen in the ranking of regions with risks for investments from 60th position. A total of 83 regions were included in the assessment by the Expert RA agency.

The undoubted advantage of the region is its geographical position - in the central part of Russia. Ivanovo is slightly removed from Moscow and the main transport routes pass through it, which connect the capital and the western regions of our country with the eastern ones.

Ivanovo airport can receive aircraft of all types, which contributes to the establishment of cargo flows.

The administrative authorities are doing their best to attract new investors by reducing administrative barriers and tax burdens. Among the main directions for further development of the region are the following:

• development of mechanical engineering and textile production;
• development of interaction with neighboring regions, organization of joint ventures;
• development of the tourism industry and increasing tourist attractiveness through the creation of recreational facilities;
• support for the development of agriculture, meat and dairy industries;
• providing comprehensive support to small and medium-sized businesses.

Enterprises

Not so long ago, almost all the inhabitants of our country knew such Ivanovo giants as the March 8 factory, Worsted and Melange Combines, BIM. They have now ceased to exist.

Textile industries include:

• textile company;
• Russian house;

Among the enterprises of the machine-building industry, the largest are:

• KRANEKS (equipment for land works);
• Truck crane:
• IZTS (machine tool building);
• Ivenergomash (drilling machines, cranes, loaders, etc.);
• plant for the production of carding machines and others.

Food industry enterprises are represented by:

• IVMOLPRODUCT;
• bakery;
• Ivanovo broiler;
• Ivanovo bread and others.

One cannot ignore IVKHIMPROM, which produces a wide range of chemical products.

There are many shopping centers in Ivanovo, many of them are located in the workshops of former textile enterprises:

• Textile-Profi;

• Silver City;
• Poplar;
• Real and others.

Construction in the city

Modern Ivanovo was formed by the merger of the village of Ivanovo and Voznesensky Posad. This fact greatly influenced the planning and development of the city. At the beginning of the last century, Ivanovo included about twenty merchant mansions and many private houses.

With the development of textile production, there was an increase in the population of the city, which led to the emergence of a housing problem. To solve it, the construction of workers' settlements began, which were often formed in the immediate vicinity of industrial enterprises.

Ivanovo acquired its modern look in the middle of the 20th century. The city is characterized by the lack of integrity of the central part. There seems to be no center at all.

Active development of the city continues to this day.

Housing cost

The cost of housing in Ivanovo depends on several factors. First of all, the district has an influence, the closer it is to the center, the more expensive it is. The price per square meter also depends on the availability of a developed infrastructure, on the type of heating, on the developer company, on what material (brick, panels) the house is built from.

The average cost of apartments is as follows:

• 1 room apartment costs about 1,789.3 thousand rubles;
• 2-room apartment - 2,501.2 thousand;
• 3-room apartment - 3,444.5 thousand;
• 4-room apartment - 4,601.9 thousand.

The average price per square meter depends on how many rooms are in the apartment:

• for one-room apartments - 52.9 thousand per square meter;
• for two-room apartments - 50.0 thousand per square meter;
• for three-room apartments - 46.1 thousand per square meter;
• for four-room apartments - 46.8 thousand per square meter.

The most expensive apartments are in the Leninsky district of the city, the average price per square meter here is:

• for one-room apartments - 55.9 thousand per square meter;
• for two-room apartments - 52.1 thousand per square meter;
• for three-room apartments - 49.8 thousand per square meter;
• for four-room apartments - 47.6 thousand per square meter.

The cheapest apartments are in the Sovietsky district of the city, the average price per square meter here is:

• for one-room apartments - 51.7 thousand per square meter;
• for two-room apartments - 49.3 thousand per square meter;
• for three-room apartments - 45.6 thousand per square meter;
• for four-room apartments - 41.6 thousand per square meter.

Districts of the city

Ivanovo is divided into four districts:

• Frunzensky;
• Leninist;
• Soviet;
• October.

The most densely populated area is Leninsky, 36.5% of the total population of the city lives here, the smallest number of Ivanovo residents live in the Sovietsky area - 15.5%. 21% live in the Oktyabrsky district, and 27% live in the Frunzensky district.

Districts differ from each other not only in location, population, but also in infrastructure development, as well as reputation among citizens. The Sovietsky district is considered to be the poorest and most undeveloped; worn-out housing stock prevails here.

Each of the four districts is in turn subdivided into neighborhoods. Some of them are small villages attached to the city, for example, Bukharovo, Avdotyino, Mineevo.

Buildings, structures, sights

Ivanovo is the city of the Golden Ring, but you should not look for the same abundance of cultural and historical monuments here as in Vladimir, Suzdal, Kostroma and Yaroslavl. Ivanovo is a relatively young city and it developed primarily as a center of textile production.

But, nevertheless, the tourist has something to see in Ivanovo.

Art Museum. Here the tourist will be able to see an exhibition dedicated to the culture of the Ancient World, including Rome, Greece, Egypt. In addition, get acquainted with the works of ancient icon painters, as well as with the arts and crafts of the region.

Kazan Church - the church was built in 1905 and was originally called Troitskaya and was part of the Trinity Monastery complex. In 1817, it was moved to the Assumption Cemetery and consecrated as the Assumption.

The estate of Grachev. The manor was built in the 18th century by a wealthy peasant who owned and operated a calico-printing and weaving factory. Later, the estate passed into the possession of Garelin. The house is a monument of the era of early classicism.

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Holy Dormition Monastery. The temple was built between 1834 and 1843. The church was located in a cemetery that was destroyed during the Soviet era. Only in 1955 the looted church was returned to the Orthodox Church.

Shudrovskaya tent. Here are the monuments of the ancient village of Ivanovo. Initially, it was the administrative center of the entire village.

It will also be interesting to visit the local history museum, the chintz museum, the museum of art and industry. In the museum of the First Council, you can see exhibits dedicated to the first meeting of the Council of Deputies in 1905. In the house of the Bubnovs, you can see the atmosphere in which the People's Commissar Bubnov lived. And in the memorial museum there is an office of the revolutionary Frunze.

There is also a zoo in Ivanovo where you can look at monkeys, birds, ungulates and predators.

Fans of club entertainment can look into "Bomb", "A113", "Iceberg", "Taganka".

Lovers of delicious food - in the restaurants "Baku Dvorik", "Golden Fleece", "Amsterdam", "Sheremetiev", "Shesh-Besh" and others.

Fans of rollerblading and skating will be able to spend their free time at Olympia. Theatres, philharmonics, cinemas are waiting for those who love cultural programs.

Relief

Ivanovo region is located in the center of the European part of Russia.

Included in the Central Federal District. Square of the Ivanovo region

is 21.4 thousand square meters. km, population -1066.5 thousand people. (2010). AT

The region includes 21 administrative districts, 17 cities, 31

urban village. 403.1 people live in the regional center of Ivanovo

thousand people The largest cities of the Ivanovo region are Kineshma

(91.7 thousand people), Shuya (58.1 thousand people). The urban population is

80.7%, rural 19.3%.

Ivanovo region is located in the central part

East European Plain, between the Volga and Klyazma rivers

occupies a gently undulating plain with a uniform network of small rivers and

ravines. In the northwest there is a ridge of moraine hills

(heights up to 196 m) - the watershed of the Volga and Klyazma, in the southeast and

in the east (left bank of the Klyazma) is the Balakhinskaya lowland and

Lukhskoye woodland, on the left bank of the Volga - Unzhinskaya lowland, on

in the west - the northern part of the Vladimir Opole.

The surface of the region is a low, slightly hilly plain, raised above sea level by 130-150 meters. Small elevations are found in the southwest where the remains of the Moscow Upland manifest themselves, and in the north there is a section of the Galich Upland, here the cities of Furmanov, Privolzhsk and Ples are located on high areas. The highest point of the region - 196 meters above sea level is located on a ridge in the Zavolzhsky district.

The central and southeastern parts of the region are low-lying, on the banks of the Klyazma there is the lowest mark of 75 meters. On a flat sandy plain, you can see many small lakes and peat bogs. A whole cluster of karst funnels is found in the Savinsky district. There are also moraine remnants in the region, the ridge in the vicinity of Shuya is widely known, with the Aspen Mountain forest located on it.

Climate

The climate of the region is temperate continental. It is characterized by relatively warm summers and moderately frosty winters with stable snow cover. The coldest month of the year is traditionally January with an average monthly temperature of -11.5 °C ÷ -12 °C, and the warmest month of the summer is July with an average monthly temperature of +17.5 °C ÷ +18 °C. Precipitation is about 550-600 mm per year. The prevailing wind direction is southwest. Freezing on the rivers begins in the last days of November, on the Gorky reservoir in mid-December. The maximum height of snow cover during the winter falls on the first decade of February and is about 30-50 cm. The soil freezes to a depth of 25 to 45 cm. Fluctuations in the water regime of rivers do not have a noticeable effect on economic activity.

Hydrography

There are about 1700 rivers and streams and more than 150 lakes in the region. The largest river is the Volga, with the Gorky reservoir located on it and the tributaries of the Shacha, Mer, Elnat, Kineshma. The main part of the flow belongs to the Klyazma basin, among them: the Nerl (with the Ukhtoma tributary), the Uvod (with the Ukhtokhma and Vyazma tributaries), the Teza (with the Parsha and Lyulekh tributaries) and the Lukh (with the Landekh tributary). The main part of the lakes is located in the center and in the south of the region, these are Podozerskoye, Yuritsinskoye, Gusevskoye, Serkovskoye in the Komsomolsky district, the oxbow lakes Orekhovoe, Dolgoe and Sorokino in the Klyazminsky reserve, lakes Shadrino, Lamskoye, Svyatoye, Ponyhar, Zaborye and the deepest in the Kleshchinskoye region (35 meters) are located in the Yuzhsky district. A significant part of the small lakes become swampy, and many lakes have formed on depleted peat bogs. The largest and most easily accessible lake Rubskoe (mirror area - 2.97 km²) is located in the Teikovsky district along the Kostroma-Vladimir road. In addition to Gorky, there are several reservoirs in the region, among them Uvodskoye (supplemented by the Volga-Uvod canal) and Morkushskoye. Land areas under surface water bodies, including swamps, amounted to 115.7 thousand hectares (5.4%). Of these, under rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, ponds - 65.0 thousand hectares, under swamps - 50.7 thousand hectares.

The high purity of the lakes, especially in the Yuzhsky region, creates excellent conditions for recreational, ecological,

sports tourism and health-improving recreation

Vegetation, soil

The region is located at the junction of two zones: European taiga and mixed forests. In total, forests occupy 48% of the territory of the region, and meadows about 10%. Soils are soddy-podzolic, swampy in places, alluvial in river valleys.

The basis of the forest fund is pine, spruce and birch (about 90%). Natural landscapes are picturesque and diverse:

pine forests and dense spruce forests, oak and birch groves, water

meadows and swamps, fields and copses, sand dunes and beaches, steep

river banks and ravines. An abundance of mushrooms, wild berries, cranberries and blueberries on

swamps, a fairly good development in the region of horticulture and

Ivanovo region covers an area of ​​21.85 thousand square meters. km, is located in the center of the European part of Russia and borders on the Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod regions. The region is located within 56°N. and 39° E The coordinates of the city of Ivanov are 57°N. 41° E The length of the territory from north to south is 158 km, and from west to east - 230 km.

The total population of the region is about 1.2 million people.

Administratively, the region includes 21 municipal districts. The regional center is the city of Ivanovo with a population of 406.5 thousand people; Upper Landeh. The rural population is 207.3 thousand people, or 19.2% of the total.

The climate of the region is temperate continental. It is characterized by relatively warm summers and moderately frosty winters with stable snow cover. The coldest month of the year is January with an average monthly temperature of -11.5ºВ¦-12ºС, the warmest month of summer is July with an average monthly temperature of +17.5ºВ¦+18ºС. Precipitation is about 550 - 800 mm per year.

By the nature of the relief, the territory of the region is a plain with absolute elevations on average 100 - 130 m above sea level, evenly and shallowly dissected by river valleys, ravines and numerous wide hollows. The greatest contrast in the relief is observed between the elevated northwestern part, where the Galich-Plesskaya moraine ridge passes, and the southeastern - the outskirts of the Balakhna lowland. The extreme southeast of the region captures the northwestern part of the Balakhna lowland with elevations of 75-85 m, which is a flat sandy plain with a large number of small lakes, peat bogs and largely covered with forest. In the southern regions of the region, karst phenomena take place, presented in the form of funnels, dips and depressions of karst lakes.

The river network belongs to the basin of the Volga River and its right tributary - the Klyazma River. In the north of the region, forests of the southern taiga type, in the south - mixed. Bogs are widespread in the northwestern and southern parts of the region.

The surface of the region was formed mainly under the influence of glaciers and is a low, slightly hilly plain, elevated above sea level by 100 - 150 meters or more. Only in the northern and northwestern parts of the region there is a slight elevation of the relief. The highest point of the region - 196 meters above sea level - is located in the Zavolzhsky district.

The southern part of the region is low-lying, dissected by the valleys of the rivers Teza, Klyazma, Vyazma, Lukha and their tributaries. On a flat sandy plain there are many small lakes, peat bogs of glacial and karst origin.

The region is located at the junction of two zones: European taiga and mixed forests. Forests occupy 50.9% of the region's territory, meadows - 10%.

Ivanovskaya Oblast is located in the central part of the Russian platform, within the Moscow syneclise. Two structural levels are distinguished on its territory: the crystalline basement and the sedimentary cover. The basement surface within the region plunges to the north and northeast from 2200 to 3000 m.

The geological structure of the sedimentary cover - to the maximum depth of technogenic impact within the area - is represented by deposits of the Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Neogene (locally) and Quaternary systems.

Ivanovo region is not rich in a variety of minerals. Nevertheless, more than 600 deposits of non-metallic minerals have been explored on its territory - mainly sand-gravel and peat. In addition, 74 fresh underground water deposits and 12 mineral underground water deposits have been explored in the region.

The soils of the Ivanovo region were formed mainly from sands and clays. The soil type is soddy-podzolic with a small amount of humus. Such soils are not suitable for growing crops. On the fields of the region, mainly such grain crops as rye, barley, oats are grown, from vegetables - potatoes, carrots, cabbage.

There are about 1700 rivers and streams and more than 150 lakes on the territory of the region. The largest river is the Volga with the Gorky reservoir located in its water area.

The river network belongs to the basin of the Volga and Klyazma rivers. In the north of the region, forests of the southern taiga type, in the south - mixed. Bogs are widespread in the northwestern and southern parts of the region.

The favorable geographical position of the region promotes the development of internal and external economic and cultural ties. Important highways, railways and waterways pass through it, connecting the eastern regions of the country.

Due to the low level of production, the region has a fairly high environmental rating, which is very important in modern conditions. It is one of the most environmentally friendly regions of Russia and has the richest recreational opportunities, which include water, forest resources, landscapes and healing springs.

The region is an integral part of the Golden Ring of Russia; many monuments of history and culture are concentrated on its territory. The most significant of them are the small ancient city of Ples on the Volga and the village of Palekh - the birthplace of the world-famous Russian lacquer miniature.

The nature of the Ivanovo region is peculiar and unique in its own way, which is facilitated by its geographical location - the central part of European Russia. No wonder these lands have been attracting tourists for many decades. The region is rich in its water resources - there are more than a hundred lakes here, with an amazing inimitable relief and flora and fauna. Dense mixed forests, fast full-flowing rivers and rich clean air - all this contributes to the development of tourism infrastructure. Especially attractive is the turbulent river Lukh - a tributary of the Klyazma - a favorite place for tourists - kayakers.

The flora of the Ivanovo region

The nature of these places is surprisingly diverse. The plant world is represented by different groups of representatives of the flora. On the way in the forest you can meet dense spruce forests growing side by side with birch groves, oak plantations are replaced by pine forests. As well as endless meadows in floodplains. The richness of medicinal plants is especially impressive - there are more than 600 species of them. In swampy areas of the forest, cranberries grow in abundance. Closer to autumn, whole glades of mushrooms are found throughout the forest.

Numerous shrubs and small trees fit perfectly into the general landscape of nature, complementing it. These are raspberry, mountain ash, black and gray alder, hazel, bird cherry, shadberry, honeysuckle, wild rosemary, viburnum. About 10 species of willow grow in the forests of the Ivanovo region, oak, linden, three species of birch, aspen and poplar are found in large numbers. A lot of plants listed in the Red Book are lily of the valley, skirt, hawthorn, crow's eye, the entire bellflower family, carnation, white and yellow water lilies. .

Fauna of the Ivanovo region

The Klyazmensky reserve, which has federal status, is one of the most significant environmental objects in the Ivanovo region. It stretched across the territory of the Savinsky and Yuzhsky districts - with a total area of ​​21,000 km. Here you can often meet a fox, a hare, a squirrel, a marten, a mink, a river otter.

Many animals have been inhabited, these include wild boar, elk, beaver and muskrat. The world of birds is especially rich - more than 100 species. These are sparrows, jackdaws, crows, pigeons - sisari, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, tits, jays, owls. Nesting birds are represented by common cranes, cuckoos, swifts, swallows, nightingales, ducks. Their flying birds - ducks, geese, swans.

A favorable environment contributes to the development of the species of reptiles and amphibians. Here you can often see a lizard, a frog, a toad, snakes and various snakes. The water world is inhabited by more than a dozen species of fish, which contributes to successful fishing. Protected species of butterflies are ubiquitous throughout the region. These are Apollos and Swallowtails. A large number of bumblebees and bees, which favorably affects the pollination of plants and the expansion of their population. A total of 192 animal species of this region are listed in the Red Book and protected to the fullest extent of the law.

Climate in the Ivanovo region

The Ivanovo region is located in the temperate continental climate zone, which determined its climate features. It has relatively warm summers, and winters are distinguished by their persistent moderate frosts and snow cover. The coldest month is considered to be January, and the hottest - July. The average monthly temperature in winter ranges from -11 to -12 degrees, and in summer - then + 17.5 to + 18 degrees. The annual rainfall is approaching 550-600 mm. The dominant wind direction is southwest. The thickness of the snow cover reaches 30-50 cm, while the freezing of the earth reaches the level of 25-45 cm.