Sulfuric acid

Completed by a student of 9 "A" class Smolyaninova Julia.

• Sulfuric acid is a colorless oily liquid.
• Solidifies into a crystalline mass at a temperature of +10°C.
• Sulfuric acid has a density of 1.84 g/cm3.
• 1 liter of such acid weighs 2 kg.
• Acid hardens at -20°C.

• When this acid is dissolved in water, a large amount of heat will be released due to the formation of hydrates.
• These hydrates can be isolated from solution at low temperatures in solid form.

Chemical properties

A dilute acid also exhibits oxidizing properties, so it reacts with metals that are in the activity series up to hydrogen.

H 2 SO 4 + Zn \u003d H 2 + ZnSO 4

Reacts with basic oxides:

H 2 SO 4 + CuO \u003d CuSO 4 + H 2 O

Chemical properties

With hydroxides:

Cu(OH) 2 + H 2 SO 4 = CuSO 4 + 2H 2 O

2NaOH + H 2 SO 4 \u003d Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O

• Cu(OH) 2 + H 2 SO 4 = CuSO 4 + 2H 2 O 2NaOH + H 2 SO 4 = Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O

Interaction with salts in exchange reactions:

H 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 \u003d 2HCl + BaSO 4

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Chemical properties

• Some metals (Al, Cr, Fe) do not react with concentrated acid.
• This is due to the formation of a protective film on the metal surface.

Fe + H2SO4 (conc.) = (cold)

• The production of mineral fertilizers is the largest area of ​​application.
• electrolyte in lead batteries
• Refining of oil products

• Manufacture of synthetic detergents, dyes, plastics, hydrogen fluoride and other chemicals.
• Enrichment of ores in the mining industry

• Metalworking, textile, leather and other industries
• Production of medicines

• Sulfuric acid and oleum are very caustic substances.
• They affect the skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract (cause chemical burns).
• When the vapors of these substances are inhaled, they cause difficulty in breathing, coughing, often laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, etc.

Suskina Olga Nikolaevna

Communal state institution

"Secondary school No. 1 named after. N.G. Chernyshevsky"

Kazakhstan, Semey

Chemistry

Grade 9

Lesson topic:

Sulfuric acid and its salts.

Target:

Tasks:

1. Educational.

2. Developing.

3. Educational.

Lesson type:

lesson learning new educational material.

Type of lesson:

lesson - research conversation.

Technology:

technology of problem learning, technology of level differentiation.

Equipment:

sulfuric acid (diluted and concentrated), zinc, copper, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, barium nitrate, computer, interactive whiteboard.

This topic of the 9th grade chemistry course allows students to apply the knowledge that students have about the chemical properties of the most important classes of inorganic substances to study new material.

The lesson is carried out using a computer and an interactive whiteboard. The lesson uses a presentation made in the program Ms. powerpoint. Modern schools require the use of computers. It develops computer literacy and information culture of children. The use of computer technology allows schoolchildren to perform a large amount of work in the shortest possible time, to simultaneously work in several areas to complete several tasks. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the classroom contributes to the formation of students' skills to work with information and the development of their communication skills. These technologies carry out the preparation of a comprehensively developed personality of a new society. They develop students' research skills and the ability to make optimal decisions. In modern conditions, it is necessary to prepare the student for the rapid perception and processing of incoming information for its successful application. Computer technologies in the process of teaching chemistry are used to increase the interest of schoolchildren in studying the subject, to enhance the cognitive activity of students in the classroom, as well as to organize the operational control of knowledge and skills of children. The end result of the introduction of information technologies in the process of teaching chemistry is the mastery of the computer by students as a means of understanding the processes and phenomena occurring in nature and used in practical activities. Information technologies in the teaching of chemistry make it possible to raise the process of teaching students to a qualitatively new level, develop a new type of thinking in them, and also contribute to the rational organization of the mental activity of schoolchildren.

In the instructive-methodical letter "On the peculiarities of teaching the basics of sciences in general educational institutions (including those implementing inclusive education) of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the 2014-2015 academic year", when characterizing the educational process in chemistry, along with other modern methodological approaches, it is recommended "the use of interactive forms of learning , modern information and communication technologies”. Attention is drawn to the need for the use of multimedia tools. According to this letter, the use of substances included in the "List of Precursors", including sulfuric acid, must be excluded from the school. However, under the program, the topic "Sulfuric acid and its salts" is studied in some detail. To make the lesson on this topic more interesting, rich and varied, you can use video files that reflect laboratory experiments with sulfuric acid. In this lesson, students will be able not only to familiarize themselves with the material from the textbook, but also to observe experiments that characterize the properties of this acid. This leads to a better understanding of the material. In such lessons, the expediency of using ICT tools is very high. Not all chemical phenomena and processes can be shown in a school laboratory. They can be demonstrated using a computer.

At the lesson, attention is paid to health-saving technology, for which a physical minute is held.

The lesson uses the technology of differentiated learning. During the study of new educational material at the implementation stage, group work of students on differentiated tasks is used. Level differentiation contributes to the fact that strong children get the opportunity to feel even more confident in their abilities, and less prepared children get the opportunity to feel the situation of success and get rid of the inferiority complex.

Lesson outline

Activity

teachers and students

Slides

I. Organizing time. (1 min.)

Greetings.

Checking for absentees.

II. Setting goals, objectives of the lesson and motivation for learning activities.

Lesson topic: Sulfuric acid and its salts.

Target: The study of sulfuric acid, its physical and chemical properties, the properties of its sulfate salts; consideration of the use of sulfuric acid and its salts.

Tasks.

Educational.

To study the physical and chemical properties of dilute and concentrated sulfuric acid, the properties of its sulfate salts and the qualitative reaction to the sulfate ion. Consider the use of sulfuric acid and its sulfate salts.

Developing.

To develop in students the ability to write equations of chemical reactions.

Educational.

To instill in students an interest in the subject of chemistry as an applied science.

III. Motivational stage.

Chemical workout.

As a chemical reaction, students are offered questions on the educational material of the 8th grade.

1. What is the chemical formula of sulfuric acid?

2. What oxidation states do the chemical elements that make up sulfuric acid exhibit?

3. What is the structural formula of sulfuric acid?

4. What are the salts of sulfuric acid called?

IV. The implementation stage is the study of new material.

Creating a problem situation to enhance the cognitive activity of students.

How does concentrated sulfuric acid differ in its chemical properties from dilute sulfuric acid?

Physical properties of sulfuric acid.

Students work with the textbook (§16, p. 74).

To study the process of dissolving concentrated sulfuric acid in water, students are offered from the Internet a video file “Dilution of sulfuric acid”, which is shown on an interactive whiteboard.

Chemical properties

dilute sulfuric acid.

Students are invited to remember from grade 8: “What chemical properties does dilute sulfuric acid have?”

Reacts with metals in the activity series of metals to hydrogen to form a salt and hydrogen gas.

Demonstration of a video file with an experiment: iron and zinc react with dilute sulfuric acid.

Reacts with basic and amphoteric oxides to form salt and water.

Reacts with bases to form salt and water.

Reacts with salts to form a new salt and a new acid.

Chemical properties

concentrated sulfuric acid.

Demonstration of a video file on an interactive whiteboard: copper reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid.

Qualitative reaction

to the sulfate ion.

Performing laboratory experiment No. 4 "Recognition of sulfates."

Students work in 4 groups, which are offered tasks of different levels of complexity.

Assignment to group #1 and group #2.

Carry out a chemical reaction between sodium sulfate and barium nitrate. Write the reaction equation in molecular form.

Assignment to group #3 and group #4.

Identify which tube contains sodium chloride and which tube contains sodium sulfate. Write the equation of the reaction in molecular, full ionic and reduced ionic forms.

After completing the laboratory experiment, representatives from the groups explain the result and write down the reaction equations on the interactive whiteboard.

Demonstration of a video file on an interactive whiteboard: barium chloride reacts with magnesium sulfate.

Salts of sulfuric acid, sulfates,

their properties and applications.

Independent work of students with a textbook. Written assignment. Students write out from §16 (pp. 76-77) educational material about salts of sulfuric acid - sulfates and hydrosulfates.

The use of sulfuric acid.

Production of sulfuric acid in Ust-Kamenogorsk. (Regional component).

Demonstration of static images, the use of an Internet resource to view a video clip, the work of a teacher with a board

Demonstration of static images, the use of an Internet resource to view a video clip, the work of a teacher with a board

Demonstration of static images, the use of an Internet resource to view a video clip, the work of a teacher with a board

Demonstration of static images, video clip of the film with sound, teacher's work with the blackboard

Demonstration of static images, video clip of the film with sound, teacher's work with the blackboard

Demonstration of static images, the work of the teacher with the board

V. Fizminutka.

"Two halves"

Film clip with soundtrack

VI. stage of reflection.

Anchoring

Students are asked questions to solve problems.

1. What is the difference between the chemical properties of concentrated sulfuric acid and the properties of dilute sulfuric acid?

2. What is the oxidizing agent in concentrated sulfuric acid?

3. What is the oxidizing agent in dilute sulfuric acid?

Students use stickers to determine the level of their understanding of the studied material.

Demonstration of static images, the work of students with the board

VII. Summing up the lesson.

Grading.

VIII. Homework.

§ sixteen.

Exercise number 2, p. 78 - on "3",

Exercise number 3, p. 78 - on "4",

Exercise No. 5, p. 78 - on "5".

List of sources used

Gin A.A. Methods of pedagogical technique: Freedom of choice. openness. activity. Feedback. Ideality: A teacher's guide. - M.: Vita-Press, 2004. - 88 p.

Dendeber S.V., Klyuchnikova O.V. Modern technologies in the process of teaching chemistry: developmental learning, problem-based learning, project-based learning, cooperation in learning, computer technology. - M.: 5 for knowledge, 2007. - 112 p.

Kolechenko A.K. Encyclopedia of pedagogical technologies: A guide for teachers. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house KARO, 2002. - 368 p.

Kulnevich S.V., Lakotsenina T.P. Modern lesson. Part I: Scientific and practical guide for teachers, methodologists, heads of educational institutions, students of pedagogical educational institutions, students of the IPK. - Rostov n / a: Publishing house "Teacher", 2005. - 288 p.

Chemistry: A textbook for the 9th grade of a comprehensive school. N.N. Nurakhmetov, K.M., Dzheksembina and others. - Almaty: Mektep Publishing House, 2013. - 272 p.

Sulfuric acid and its salts

Chemistry teacher

MBOU Irkutsk

School No. 66

Derkach T.A.

Goals:

• Consider the basic and specific properties of sulfuric acid, methods of production and use, as well as its basic salts.
• Build self-education skills.
• To form the ability to perceive and process information, apply it in practice.
• Develop skills in compiling and writing equations of chemical reactions.
• To cultivate a culture of student work, the need to observe safety precautions.

Verification work:

• Compose equations of chemical reactions that reflect the general properties of hydrosulfide acid (interaction with: basic oxide, base, metal).
• Compose equations of chemical reactions that reflect the general properties of sulfurous acid (interaction with: basic oxide, base, metal).

Plan:

• The structure of the sulfuric acid molecule.
• Obtaining sulfuric acid.
• Physical properties of sulfuric acid.
• Chemical properties of sulfuric acid.
• The use of sulfuric acid and its salts.

Homework:

§ 23, task No. 5, message: "Use of sulfuric acid and its salts"

Attention: homework is done on a double sheet.

Molecule structure:

H O O In a molecule, all bonds are

S - covalent polar.

Receipt:

In industry, H 2 SO 4 is obtained from sulfur or metal sulfides in three stages:

S+O 2 t SO 2 or

4FeS 2 + 11O 2 Fe 2 O 3 + 8SO 2

2SO 2 +O 2 2 SO 3

SO 3 + H 2 O t, V2O5 H 2 SO 4 + Ǫ

Physical properties:

H 2 SO 4 is a colorless, heavy, oily, non-volatile liquid. Absorbs moisture well. Concentrated sulfuric acid is able to take water from the molecules of organic substances, carbonizing them (demonstration experiment).

When acid dissolves in water, it heats up very much.

Attention:

It is strictly forbidden to pour water into acid!

Chemical properties:

Since sulfuric acid is dibasic, it forms two series of salts: medium - sulfates(Na 2 SO 4) and acidic - hydrosulphates(NaHSO4).

The reagent for sulfuric acid and its salts is barium chloride BaCl 2 (demonstration experiment).

H 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 BaSO 4 + 2HCl

Task number 1.

Consider and study the general and specific properties of sulfuric acid(Table No. 10, p. 36)

1 slide

2 slide

Composition Acids are complex substances whose molecules contain hydrogen atoms and an acid residue H-R, where R is an acid residue. Electrolytic dissociation of acids in an aqueous solution produces hydrogen cations and an anion of an acid residue

3 slide

Classification of acids Monobasic acids, e.g. HCl, HNO3 (remove one hydrogen atom upon dissociation) Polybasic acids, e.g. H2SO4, H3PO4 (remove several hydrogen atoms upon dissociation) Oxygen acids, e.g. H2CO3, H3PO4 (corresponding to acidic oxides and are actually acidic hydroxides) Anoxic acids, for example, HBr, H2S (are among the binary compounds)

4 slide

Dilution of Sulfuric Acid There has long been a strict rule regarding the mixing of sulfuric acid with water: "First water, then acid, otherwise terrible things will happen." If you do the opposite, then the very first portions of water, remaining at the top (water is lighter than acid) and interacting with the acid, heat up so much that they boil and splash along with the acid; may get into eyes, face and clothing.

5 slide

S + 6O3 - sulfur oxide (VI), acid oxide (highest oxidation state of sulfur) S + 6O3 - colorless liquid Obtaining sulfuric acid: S + 6O3 + H2O \u003d H2 S + 6O4 sulfuric acid

6 slide

Chemical properties of sulfuric acid dilute sulfuric acid exhibits all the characteristic properties of acids: With metal oxides. (exchange reaction) H2SO4 + MeO → MeSO4 + H2O 2. With bases. (exchange reaction, neutralization reaction) H2SO4 + Me (OH) n → MeSO4 + H2O 3. With metals. H2SO4 + Me (to H) → MeSO4 (p) + H2 (substitution reaction) 4. With salts (exchange reaction) H2SO4 + MeR (P) → MeSO4 (P) + HR (occurs if a precipitate or gas is formed )

7 slide

Qualitative reaction to the ion -SO42- The reagent for sulfuric acid and its salts is the barium cation, because with barium ions, the sulfate ion forms a white insoluble barium sulfate, which precipitates. Ba2++SO42- = BaSO4↓

8 slide

Concentrated sulfuric acid Me + H2SO4 (conc) → MeSO4 + H2O + (H2S, S, SO2) Sulfuric acid (conc) is reduced to (H2S, S, SO2) depending on the activity of the metal and the reaction conditions. Iron and aluminum are passivated with acid, i.e. covered with a protective film, so acid (conc) can be transported in steel and aluminum tanks. Сu+2H2SO4(conc)→CuSO4+2H2O+SO2 4Zn+5H2SO4(conc)→4ZnSO4+4H2O+H2S Concentrated sulfuric acid is able to take water from molecules of organic substances, carbonizing them. Reaction of acid with sucrose (C12H22O11) C12H22O11 + 2H2SO4(conc) = 11C + 13H2O +2SO2 +CO2

"Bread"

chemical industry

Until the XIV century, it was called "vitriol oil"

Rains from this substance are found on the planet Venus

H 2 SO 4

sulfuric acid

Production of mineral fertilizers

Electrolyte

in lead batteries

For cleaning gasoline, kerosene and lubricating oils.

Production of explosives

Production of synthetic fibers, plastics and other organic compounds

Lesson topic:

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

H 2 SO 4 \u003d 2H + + SO 4 2–

General properties of acids

• Interaction with metals (up to H 2)
• Interaction with metal oxides
• Interaction with bases
• Salt interaction
• Changing the color of indicators

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

Chemical

experiment

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

General properties with other acids

+ Me (up to H 2 ) → salt + H 2

+ Me oxide → salt + H 2 O

+ base → salt + H 2 O

+ salt → new salt + new acid

changes the color of the indicator litmus and methyl orange

H 2 SO 4

diluted

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

Specific Properties

H 2 SO 4 \u003d 2H + + SO 4 2–

Qualitative reaction

for sulfuric acid and its salts

SO 4 2– + Ba 2+ = BaSO 4 ↓

white precipitate

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

Specific Properties

H 2 SO 4 - strong oxidizing agent

5N 2 SO 4 (conc.) + 4Zn → 4ZnSO 4 + H 2 S+4H 2 O

2H 2 SO 4 (conc.) + Cu → CuSO 4 + SO 2 + 2H 2 O

concentrated acid does not react under normal conditions with Fe, Cr, Al - it passivates them, i.e. forms a thick oxide film on the metal surface.

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

Specific Properties

H 2 SO 4 - is hygroscopic

those. absorbs water

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

Specific Properties

dilution of sulfuric acid.

Add acid to water!

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

Specific Properties

Strong oxidizing agent

hygroscopic substance

H 2 SO 4

Qualitative reaction - Ba ions 2+

Sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4

H 2 SO 4

Has some specific properties

It has the general properties

for most acids

Check yourself!

Give 1 point for each correct answer.

Total 5 points

5 points - score "5"

4 points - score "4"

3 points - score "3"