G upper drag. City Vyshny Volochek

Once in a conversation, the interlocutor mentioned that he was from Vyshny Volochok. "Our city is beautiful, it's not for nothing that they call it Venice of the North." I immediately remembered that every sandpiper praises his swamp. Looking later at the map of the city, I realized that, at least in terms of the presence of a large amount of water in the city, the citizen was not mistaken. The Internet reported that Vyshny Volochyok is an ancient city and is well preserved. Well, I had to go, figure out how many "Northern Venice" we have in our country.
The history of the city is interesting. Rivers flowing into different seas flow within its boundaries. From the Caspian Sea to the Baltic Sea, it was practically possible to sail on water almost everywhere, and only in Vyshny Volochek did ships have to be pulled out and dragged overland. At that distant time, a Buryat youth showed up in the city, over whom a local non-poor resident took custody, who gave him his last name. This guy became Serdyukov. The newly-minted Serdyukov proposed to create a system of canals that would connect the rivers with each other. Of course, Peter 1, who loved such undertakings, liked this idea, and hydraulic structures were built. And Serdyukov himself was honored to stand next to the sovereign on the square near the city station.

After the completion of the construction of the water system, part of the cargo went through Vyshny Volochek. Which allowed some citizens to get rich quickly. Despite some decline later, some of them did not squander their savings. Their houses can be calculated immediately. They are gradually sinking under the weight of goodness.

The Moscow-Petersburg highway passes through the city. It will take a long time to get there. But immediately after the crossroads, antiquity begins. The city center takes us at least a hundred years back.

There are some very interesting examples.

A large proportion of wooden buildings.

There are several canals running through the city. Their scheme is not simple, it seems that there is a lot of water here.

A distinctive feature of local water resources are floating tables near the shore, which are multi-purpose items. What underwear, for example, lay out on them when rinsing, what to settle down in a friendly company for outdoor activities.

True, at the time of my arrival, the lock structures were under reconstruction, and therefore the water level in many places was below the usual norm.

Lovers of the ruins will not leave Volochok disappointed. Here they will have something to see.

One collapsed house is located just opposite the administration building. It is not known, of course, how Pyotr Alekseevich would have reacted to such liberalism ... Severe was too ...

A monument without an inscription attracted attention. This happens if a person should know everything without it. I would venture to suggest that this is Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. Only it stands somehow tragically against a blank brick wall ...

Epiphany Cathedral. It was built already heated (inside a complex system of chimneys, a stove in the basement). That is why it has been well preserved. There are huge logs of firewood nearby, which make it simple and affordable.

There is a famous theater in Vyshny Volochek.

Next to it is a monument to Catherine II.

There are several lions in the neighboring park.

And a monument to a famous artist. His last name, of course, is Venetsianov.

There are several buildings of the early Soviet period in the city.

Opposite is the City Court. But the road to it is overgrown with grass. Although standing next to Vladimir Ilyich with a broad gesture offers to go through to apply.

And by no means can it be said that the inhabitants of Vyshny Volochok are somehow deprived of leisure. At their service is a complete provincial gentleman's set.
Fishing.

Where else can you see a TV star leaving the studio without serious security?

It looks like a luxury home. (Who else in our country fences off from the rest with a high fence?...). The playground is interesting but empty. Apparently, the birth of children among businessmen is still only in the plans.

The city park is located on an island (or islands). But unlike megacities, here on the lawns they walk not dogs, but cows. Which, you see, is more practical.

Above the central stage is a universal inscription. In principle, you can not change at all ...

The interior is slowly being renovated.

It can be seen that the leadership of the temple really appreciates the prospects, and therefore, instead of painting the walls and ceiling, visitors are greeted by hung canvases...

The main reservoir of the water system is the Tsnin reservoir.

There is a military memorial on its bank.

Near the building of an old factory.

History and geography Founded in 1471 City with 1770 Square 54 km² Center height 160 m Timezone UTC+3 Population Population ↘ 47,732 people (2017) Density 883.93 people/km² demonym (higher) dragging, (higher) dragging, (higher) dragging Digital IDs Telephone code +7 48233 Postal codes 171151 - 171168 OKATO code 28 414 OKTMO code 28 714 000 001 v.volochekadm.ru

Vyshny Volochyok- city (since 1770) in . The administrative center of the Vyshnevolotsky district, which is not included, being an administrative-territorial unit, a city of regional significance, forming the municipality of the same name, the urban district the city of Vyshny Volochek.

Population - 47 732 people. (2017).

The city is located on the northeastern outskirts of the Valdai Upland, on the Tsna River (Vyshnevolotsk Reservoir), 119 km northwest of. The river Tvertsa originates in Vyshny Volochek.

Vyshny Volochek is located at 297 km of the federal road "Russia" (-), there is a railway station.

Story

Most often, the date of the first mention of Vyshny Volochyok is 1437, when the delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church proceeded through it to the Florentine Cathedral, which was reflected in the work “Walking to the Florentine Cathedral”. However, the Russian historian V.N. Tatishchev, relying on chronicle sources, believed that Vyshny Volochek was first mentioned under 1135. The drag itself is mentioned in this place in the Moscow chronicle of the end of the 15th century under 1196: “And Prince Yaroslav in, and along the volost and tribute to the tribute, and along the top of the Masta for the dragging of the tribute to the tribute. The problem with dating the first mention of Volochok is that in the Russian chronicles one or another portage is quite often mentioned, and it is not always possible to establish exactly which one of them is meant.

The first generally recognized annalistic mention of Vyshny Volochok is 1471, in the Resurrection Chronicle.

The city arose on the watershed of two water basins - the Baltic and the Caspian. From the side of the Volga, cargoes were lifted along the Tvertsa River to the Nikolo-Stolbenskaya pier, unloaded and transported by horse-drawn vehicles to the Tsna River. There, the goods were again loaded onto ships and went to water. The place of overland transshipment was called "Volok" or "Volochek". The word "Vyshny" distinguishes it from the "Lower" Volok, laid around the Borovichi rapids downstream of the Tsna River - Lake Mstino - the Msta River.

The portage from Tvertsa to Tsna was part of the Novgorod land.

Under Ivan the Third, the Vyshnevolotsk pit was established.

In the 16th century, Vyshny Volochyok was a large handicraft trading settlement of the Bezhetskaya Pyatina. It was called Nikolsky churchyard, or churchyard on Vyshny Volochek.

In 1546, in Vyshny Volochek there were "73 taxable yards, 13 church yards and 9 empty yards."

According to the cadastral book of 1582, there were two temples, 5 shops, one barn, 45 "plowed and unplowed yards" here. Judging by the reduced number of households from 1546 to 1582, it can be assumed that Volochek suffered from the oprichny army of Ivan the Terrible passing through it, heading from Tver on a punitive campaign against Novgorod.

During the Time of Troubles, Volochek was captured and destroyed by Polish troops.

Foreign travelers who visited Russia in the 17th century often mentioned Vyshny Volochek, and in the travel album of the imperial ambassador Meyerberg there is an image of him dating back to 1661, with the inscription: "Vyshny Volochyok, the village of the Grand Duke near the Tsna River."

In 1703-1722, by order of Peter I, the Tveretsky Canal was built in Vyshny Volochek from Tvertsa to Tsna - the first artificial waterway in Russia. The canal was handed over to the Novgorod merchant M. I. Serdyukov. In 1719-1722, under his management, the Tsnin Canal was built, which is now one of the dominants in the central part of the city. As a result of his activities in the arrangement and development of canals and other hydraulic structures, the Vyshnevolotsk water system arose - the oldest artificial water system in Russia. The whole history of Vyshny Volochyok in the 18th - the first half of the 19th centuries is closely connected with this system, thanks to which this settlement rose in trade, grew in size and became a city. It was actually located along the canals and was heavily dependent on the passing caravans of ships.

Coat of arms of Vyshny Volochyok 1772

In 1770, Vyshny Volochek received the status of a city within the Novgorod province. Since 1775 - in the Tver viceroy (from 1796 - the province).

Until the beginning of the 19th century, the Vyshnevolotsk system served as the most important way of connecting St. Petersburg with central Russia, supplying the new capital with food. This led to the special attention of the imperial authorities to Vyshny Volochok, which was reflected in the coat of arms of the city, approved by Catherine II. The decree on the approval of the coat of arms noted: “Vyshny Volochek is such a village, which, through the sluices available near it and through the great passage of ships, brings great benefit to Russian commerce; for this sake, his coat of arms depicts all this with the following signs. A silver shield with a top of ermine fur, on which is depicted an imperial golden crown, signifying the mercy and patronage of Her Imperial Majesty; at the end of the shield on a blue wavy terrace depicting water, a boat is visible, loaded with a natural color, showing the passage of ships near this village.

In 1785, Catherine II visited Vyshny Volochek specifically to inspect the structures of the water system, after which an instruction was given to finish locks and canals with granite, which determined their characteristic appearance to this day.

Transportation on the water system peaked in 1823-1829. In the first half of the 19th century, industrial enterprises appeared in Vyshny Volochyok: two candle factories, one rope factory, a tannery, and four brick factories. Three schools were opened - a county spiritual school with a parish school, a county civil school with a preparatory class, and a school for soldiers' children in terms of military communications (cantonists). In the period from 1833 to 1841, M.F. Vanchakov, a merchant of the first guild, an honorary citizen of Vyshny Volochok, was elected three times in a row as the mayor. Under him, Vyshny Volochek became one of the most comfortable cities in the province: old wooden pavements were replaced with stone ones, three stone bridges were built: Petersburg, Tveretsky and Tsninsky, drainage canals, the first building of shopping arcades and the stone Trinity Church were built on the banks of the Tveretsky Canal. By the middle of the 19th century, Vyshny Volochyok was one of the largest cities in the Tver province.

Railway bridge over the Tsna with wooden spans in the middle of the 19th century

In August 1849, traffic began along the Vyshny Volochek - Tver section of the Nikolaev railway under construction at that time. In November 1851, it enters into operation as a whole, in 1870 - the Rybinsk-Bologovskaya railway. Railways quickly take over the main cargo flow, and the Vyshnevolotsk water system is gradually losing its significance. After that, industrial production became the main direction of the city's development: the textile, glass and woodworking industries are developing.

In 1857, F. Ya. Ermakov founded the Volochek paper-weaving factory in the Soldatskaya Sloboda (now the Paris Commune factory), since 1887 it belonged to K. Prokhorov;

In the same year, in the village of Zavorovo, the trading house "A. Shilov and Son, a paper-spinning factory was built, which was bought by the brothers P. and V. Ryabushinsky in 1869 (now Vyshnevolotsk Cotton Mill LLC).

In 1859, V.F. Samarin opened a chemical plant on the Klyuchinskaya wasteland, which was then bought by the Vyshnevolotsk merchant A.V. Bolotin and converted into a glass factory. In Soviet times, the plant was called "Red May". Here they twice fulfilled a government order for the manufacture of ruby stars for the Moscow Kremlin.

In 1875, the sawmill of the merchant N. Fedorov was founded, now OJSC Vyshnevolotsk Furniture and Woodworking Plant.

In 1881, Tabolka, the second large factory of the Prokhorovskaya manufactory, was opened in Vyshny Volochek. In Soviet times, it received the name "Proletarian Avant-Garde" and became one of the largest enterprises in the city. By the mid-2000s. the enterprise ceased to exist.

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were nine churches in Vyshny Volochyok, several stone and wooden chapels, and one synagogue. In the vicinity of the city there were two monasteries - Kazan for women and Nikolo-Stolpensky for men.

Since 1896, the Vyshnevolotsk Regional Drama Theater has been operating in the city.

In 1912, the city's first cinema, the Zvezda Cinema, was built and opened.

On October 26 (November 8), 1917, the Soviet of Workers' Deputies in Vyshny Volochek elected a Revolutionary Committee and established Soviet power in the city. On October 30, the garrison of the city, four companies of the 261st Infantry Regiment and the 5th Kazan shock battalion crossed over to its side.

On March 30, 1918, the newspaper Izvestia of the Vyshnevolotsk Council of Peasants' and Workers' Deputies began to appear, which, after changing many names since 1940, has been called Vyshnevolotskaya Pravda - to this day the main official press organ of the city.

In the summer of 1918, in Vyshny Volochek, as well as throughout the country, there was an acute shortage of food. At the end of 1918, the largest enterprises of the city were nationalized: textile - the manufactory of the Ryabushinsky brothers (called the Vyshnevolotsk Manufactory), Tabolka, Volochek, and others.

In July 1919, in the area with. Spas-Yasenovichi (now Yesenovichi) of the Vyshnevolotsky district, an anti-Bolshevik uprising of the "greens" took place, the main force of which was the local peasants, outraged by the surplus appraisal. Regular military units, including artillery, were sent to Vyshny Volochek to suppress the uprising from Tver and Moscow.

By the end of the Civil War, only the Vyshnevolotsk manufactory and the Klyuchinsky glass factory were operating in the city and district out of 26 factories and plants, and not at full capacity. In 1922-1926. work was underway to restore production. In particular, in 1925-1926, the work of the Volochek factories was resumed (the opening date was March 18 - the day of the Paris Commune, hence the new name of the enterprise) and Tabolka. In 1926, the textile industry of the city as a whole restored the pre-war (that is, before 1914) level of production.

In 1941-1943, the city was located in the front line, subjected to German air raids, 21 hospitals were located in large public buildings. 1727 Soviet soldiers and officers who died of wounds in these hospitals are buried at the fraternal military cemetery.

urban development

Spelling

Some dictionaries recommend the spelling "Volochok", others "Volochok". On the official website of the city, the name "Vyshny Volochek" is used. However, according to common rules, after the hissing under stress, the suffix is \u200b\u200bwritten -OK(top, berezhok, doormat), so writing "Volochek" can be considered a historically established misunderstanding.

Climate

At the end of the XIX century. It was noted: “The climate is damp and extremely unhealthy. Cholera, visiting Tver province several times this century, has never passed Vyshny Volochok. The climate of Vyshny Volochyok is temperate continental, with long, snowy winters and short, not exceeding the calendar, moderately warm summers.

Climate of Vyshny Volochyok
Indicator	Jan.	Feb.	March	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sen.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Year
Average maximum, °C	−6,1	−5,2	0,0	8,6	16,7	21,3	22,5	20,6	14,3	7,5	0,2	−3,7	8,1
Average temperature, °C	−9,6	−9,1	−4,4	3,8	10,9	15,6	17,1	15,5	10,0	4,5	−2,2	−6,6	3,8
Average minimum, °C	−13,1	−13	−8,8	−0,9	5,2	9,9	11,8	10,4	5,7	1,5	−4,5	−9,4	−0,4
Precipitation rate, mm	33	26	27	37	56	73	92	72	62	56	47	41	622
Source: climate-data.org

Population

In 1886, there were 15,881 inhabitants in Vyshny Volochek (7931 men and 7950 women), at the end of the 19th century it was one of the most populous and comfortable cities in the Tver province; it was adorned with canals and gateways surrounded by gardens and boulevards. There were 15 factories and factories in the city (the largest were two paper-spinning and weaving factories), 436 trading establishments. There was a zemstvo hospital and 6 schools.

Population
1825	1833	1840	1847	1856	1863	1867	1870	1885	1897	1910	1913	1917
7176	↗ 8844	↘ 8782	↘ 8319	↗ 8340	↗ 13 873	↗ 15 133	↗ 17 408	↘ 15 838	↗ 16 612	↗ 17 485	↗ 19 200	↗ 24 816
1920	1923	1926	1931	1937	1939	1959	1967	1970	1973	1976	1979	1982
↘ 18 362	↗ 21 200	↗ 32 022	↗ 37 600	↗ 56 367	↗ 63 644	↗ 66 360	↗ 73 000	↗ 73 688	↗ 76 000	↘ 73 000	↘ 71 703	↘ 71 000
1986	1987	1989	1992	1996	1998	2000	2001	2002	2003	2005	2007	2008
→ 71 000	↘ 70 000	↘ 64 789	↘ 64 300	↘ 62 700	↘ 61 300	↘ 59 700	↘ 58 700	↘ 56 405	↘ 56 400	↘ 54 600	↘ 53 000	↘ 52 300
2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
↘ 51 817	↗ 52 370	↘ 52 226	↘ 51 259	↘ 50 341	↘ 49 391	↘ 48 844	↘ 48 177	↘ 47 732

As of January 1, 2018, in terms of population, the city was in 340th place out of 1113 cities of the Russian Federation.

Economy

Transport

Train Station

In Vyshny Volochek, a narrow-gauge railway previously operated, which belonged to the Vyshnevolotsk peat enterprise. Peat was delivered to the city along it.

Large station on the railway line St. Petersburg - Moscow. Many passenger trains on this route stop in the city, as well as electric trains on the route Bologoye - Tver. There is a regular bus service in Vyshny Volochek, 14 routes operate, the organizer is the Vyshnevolotsk PATP, routes numbered 3, 7, 9, 10, 11 go from the center to the near suburbs, where fairly large settlements are located: the third route goes to Krasnomaisky, 7- th - in Soroki and the village of Prigorodny, 9th - in Zelenogorsky, 10th - in Bely Omut and Gornyak, 11th - in the village of Pashino. Busiest routes: 1,3,4,7,8,9.

The city is also located on the M10 St. Petersburg - Moscow highway. The route runs along the main street of the city. Within the city limits, the federal highway M10, passing through the city streets, narrows, there are pedestrian crossings, street junctions (the P85 highway begins in the city) and one traffic light on the highway, which is located at the intersection with the main street of the city - Kazansky Prospekt. The city lacks other traffic light interchanges, including those with the Rossiya highway. Because of this, truckers were forced to stop and let the traffic flow from secondary streets, especially during peak hours, thus forming a traffic jam on the highway, which quickly reached the city limits, and often stretched for tens of kilometers beyond its borders.

The asphalt pavement on the streets adjacent to the highway (data for July 2012) is in poor condition, which made it extremely difficult to bypass the main traffic jam. About 32 thousand cars passed through the city per day, which negatively affected life in the city and the health of citizens.

On November 28, 2014, a bypass expressway with a length of 72 km was officially opened, part of the future M-11 Moscow-St. Petersburg highway. At first, travel on it was free, the fee began to be charged in the fall of 2015. The ring road begins in the Torzhoksky district near the village of Budovo and ends from St. Petersburg in the Vyshnevolotsky district near the village of Kurskoye. From this moment on, traffic jams in Vyshny Volochek are a thing of the past, transit traffic is bypassed along the new road, but with the introduction of a toll mode, part of the traffic flow returns to the streets of the city.

A television

First channel "5 meter channel" TVC "26 dmv" NTV "28 dmv" Culture 30 "dmv" Ren TV 33 "dmv" 5 St. Petersburg "36 dmv" Russia 1 "41 dmv". In 2015, the launch of the first and second digital package television in the DVB-T2 standard on 38 and 52 decimeter channels.

Production

An old factory building (Prokhorovskaya Manufactory - Proletarian Avant-Garde Factory)

The volume of shipped goods of own production in manufacturing industries amounted, according to 2009 data, to 2.62 billion rubles.

Light industry:

Vyshnevolotsk Cotton Mill - production of cotton yarn, fabrics, textiles and garments.
Knitting factory "Paris Commune" - production of knitted fabrics based on synthetic, natural fibers and their mixtures, knitwear.
Sewing factory "Aelita" - production of clothes from textile materials.
The famous production of felt boots.

Food industry:

Vyshnevolotsk Meat Processing Plant
Vyshnevolotsk bakery.

Glass industry:

Glass factory named after January 9 - production of glass bottles for various drinks.

Education

Secondary specialized educational institutions:

Branch of the Tver College of Trade and Economics,
Vyshnevolotsk Mechanics and Technology College
Vyshnevolotsk Medical College.

Attractions

Serdyukov's house (built in 1703-1719) on the banks of the Vyshnevolotsk reservoir, is known in Vyshny Volochek as "Peter's House". The only surviving building in the Tver region, which was authentically visited by Peter I.
The building of the magistrate (1777-1780, a fire tower was added in 1901) is now the building of the central library.
Imperial Travel Palace (built around 1779, later substantially rebuilt). Now - the building of secondary school No. 6.
Epiphany Cathedral.
Kazan Monastery.
Two buildings of the Trade Rows (1837 and 1850). Now the southern building, built in 1850, is in ruins.
The railway station, built in the first half of the 19th century, is the only building on the Oktyabrskaya railway that has retained its original appearance to this day.
See also: (unavailable link) Official list of objects of historical and cultural heritage of the Tver region (monuments of Vyshny Volochok on pp. 53-59).

monuments

Monument to Empress Catherine II the Great. It was opened on September 19, 2007 as part of the second cultural and tourist forum "Dialogue of Cultures on the Great Divide" in Vyshny Volochek. The author of the monument is Honored Artist Yuriy Zlotya.
Monument to Alexei Gavrilovich Venetsianov. Opened February 18, 1980 for the 200th anniversary of the artist. Authors: People's Artist of the RSFSR, sculptor O. K. Komov and architect N. I. Komova.
Monument to Emperor Peter I the Great and merchant Mikhail Serdyukov. The author of the monument is Honored Artist Yuriy Zlotya.
Bust of Emperor Peter I the Great. The author of the monument is Honored Artist Yuriy Zlotya.
Monument to Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov.
Military memorial.
Lenin monument.

Notable natives

Vyshny Volochyok is famous for its famous natives. The poetess Alpert, Admiral Anzhu, Minister of Finance Vyshnegradsky, historian Kudryashov, conductor Koussevitzky, literary critic Lavrov, opera singer Leonova, playwright Lyubashevsky, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sokolov, prose writer Tarasenkova, Minister of Culture of the USSR Furtseva, writer Khlebnikov, geologist Alexander Shtukenberg, poet Anton Shtukenberg were born here. .

twin cities

In art

A separate chapter “Traveling from St. Petersburg to Moscow” by A. N. Radishchev is devoted to the city.
The city is mentioned in the song "Lesopoval" by the group "Lesopoval".
The city is mentioned in Mikhail Shcherbakov's song "Red Gates".
The city is mentioned in the story of E. N. Uspensky "25 professions of Masha Filipenko".
Since 1896, the Vyshnevolotsk Drama Theater has been operating in the city. The oldest theater in the Tver region. The theater is located in the former building of the Public Assembly. The auditorium of the theater is designed for 286 seats. Since 1994, Vyshny Volochek has been hosting theater festivals in small towns in Russia. Vyshnevolotsk Drama Theatre. Retrieved 9 August 2013. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013.

Notes

Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017.
Superanskaya A.V. Dictionary of geographical names. - M.: AST-PRESS KNIGA, 2013. - 208 p. - P. 32: Vyshny Volochek and ~ Volochok (Tver region).
THE USSR. Administrative-territorial division of the union republics on January 1, 1980 / Comp. V. A. Dudarev, N. A. Evseeva. - M. : Izvestia, 1980. - 702 p.- S. 132.
Charter of the city of Vyshny Volochek
Supreme Volochek. Business card .. - Vyshny Volochyok: Irida-Pros, 2012. - S. 1. - 48 p. - ISBN 978-5-93488-099-7.
Walking to the Florence Cathedral. Old Russian literature. Anthology..
V.N. Tatishchev. Russian history. Part 2. Chapter 15. GRAND DUKE YAROPOLK II, SON OF VLADIMIR II .. Note. 388. http://www.e-reading.by/chapter.php/55892/36/Tatishchev_-_Istoriya_Rossiiiskaya._Chast"_2.html. http://www.e-reading.by. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
Moscow Chronicle of the XV century. PSRL, vol. 25. - Moscow - Leningrad: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1949. - S. 98. - 464 p.
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Drawings for the journey through Russia of the Roman Imperial envoy Baron Meyerberg in 1661 and 1662, representing views, folk customs, attire, portraits, etc. - St. Petersburg, 1827. - S. XXII. - 136 p.
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On the establishment of the settlements of Vyshnyago Volochka, Borovich, Valdai and Ostashevskaya cities. Decree of Empress Catherine II of May 28, 1770 PSZ RI I No. 13468, vol. 19, p. 68.
On the structure of the newly founded cities of Vyshnyago Volochka, Valdai, Borovich and Ostashkov; about the granting of coats of arms to them and about the existence of the chancelleries of these cities under the appeal of the Novgorod Province. Decree of Empress Catherine II of April 2, 1772 PSZ RI I No. 13780, S. 471.
Bykov L.S. By Petrovsky decree .... - S. 192, 194.
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Dmitry Ivlev. Temple at the source of Tvertsa (Church of the Holy Trinity at the Tvertsky Canal). Temple of George the Victorious and Great Martyr Barbara in the village of Matveevo (2012).
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Vyshnevolotsk Drama Theater
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Vyshnevolotsk truth.
News and announcements / Vyshnevolotskaya Pravda. Official site of the city of Vyshny Volochyok.
Cities and districts of the Kalinin region. - Moscow: Moscow worker, 1978. - S. 177-178.
Supreme Volochek. Encyclopedic reference book "Tver region". Archival Department of the Administration of the Tver Region, Tver Society of Local Historians, Tver Regional Universal Scientific Library. A. M. Gorky (1995 - 1998).
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Cities and districts of the Kalinin region. - Moscow. - Moscow worker, 1978. - S. 178-179.
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The M11 highway goes into toll mode.
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Literature

Vyshny Volochek // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
"Vyshny Volochek". Chapter from Valery Pisigin's book "Journey from Moscow to St. Petersburg". - M.: EPITsentr. 1997.
Potresov V. A. Vyshny Volochek: a historical and local history essay // Moscow Journal. History of Russian Goverment. - 2008. - No. 5 (209). - S. 42-47. - ISSN 0868-7110.

Topographic maps

Map sheet O-36-XXIII Vyshny Volochek. Scale: 1: 200,000. State of the area for 1980-1983. Edition 1987

Time for inspection: 2-3 hours (city), day (city and a detailed inspection of the Vyshnevolotsk water system).

Why go to Vyshny Volochek:

1. "Tverskaya Venice" is a well-preserved historical center built on the banks of canals and rivers flowing in different directions.
2. The Kazan convent of the late 19th century is one of the most beautiful in the Tver region.
3. The Vyshnevolotsk water system is the oldest artificial waterway in Russia, which began to function as early as the 1700s, and has been developing and rebuilding for 250 years. Here you can see locks, beishlots, canals, reservoirs of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.
4. The beautiful nature of the Valdai Upland, which at one time was a real "Mecca" for Russian artists, as the buildings of the Academic Dacha remind of.

Orientation: The city has a clear rectangular layout, the center is located north of the Tveretsky Canal and is divided by the Tsnin Canal into two parts: the City part (where the commercial and residential quarters are located) and the Ostrov, where the administrative buildings were located (the most important street is Ostashkovskaya). The current center of the city is Venetsianov Square, from where the paths to the most important objects diverge. Kazansky Prospekt leads to the railway station, the bus station can be reached along Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, to the Kazan Monastery - along Sievers (Volodarsky) Street, which continues the Vanchakov Line, where the old buildings are most fully preserved. The Tsninsky and Tveretsky canals are located within the city, the Vyshnevolotsky reservoir is to the west, and the Novo-Tveretsky canal runs to the south.

The first notable building in Vyshny Volochek is Train Station. Built in the eclectic style, along with the entire Nikolaevskaya railway, the station has survived almost without reconstruction - thus, we can say that this is the oldest operating station in Russia.

Epiphany Cathedral (1814).
Photo: Ilya Buyanovsky

Historical Center

The historical center of Volochka is small, but relatively well preserved. In the XVIII-XIX centuries, Volochek was a prosperous merchant city, and therefore its urban development would have done honor to many provincial centers. The Tsnin Canal divided the city into two main parts: the City (eastern shore), where commercial and civil life was concentrated, and the Ostrov (behind the canal), where administrative buildings were located. This division remains to this day, however, the old buildings look neglected and dilapidated.

City part. Historical buildings have been preserved at a distance of 1-2 blocks from the embankment. Between Kazansky Prospekt and the bank of Tsna there are two symmetrical buildings of Torgovy Ryady, between which the Kazan Cathedral stood until 1935. Now the northern building has been restored and is used for its intended purpose, the southern one is abandoned, but the Vyshnevolotsk shopping malls are large even for the regional center. North of the shopping arcade is located Venetsianovsky square- the center of city life, however, heavily littered and unkempt. Installed in the park monument to Alexei Gavrilovich Venetsianov- Russian artist, founder of "everyday painting". The park is surrounded on all sides ancient buildings(the most interesting is the Vanchakova line - a street with one-way buildings), among which a worthy provincial city stands out Vyshnevolotsk Drama Theater founded in 1896. This is one of the oldest and best theaters in the Tver province.

Island . Another historical district of the city is located on an artificial island between the Tsna loop and the Tsnin Canal. From the shopping arcade leads here Petersburg bridge, decorated with openwork lattices - the oldest and largest bridge in the city. Under the bridge there is a small peninsula, on which rises a snow-white Cathedral of the Epiphany(1814, rebuilt in 1866 in a pseudo-Russian style) is a symbol of the city, rather unprepossessing in architecture, but extremely spectacularly located among the water. Petersburg Bridge passes into Ostashkovskaya Street, to the left of which there is a magistrate - a huge building in the style of early classicism (late 18th century), crowned with a fire tower (early 20th century), clearly visible from the opposite bank. To the right, at the corner of the Tsnin Canal and Artyukhin Street, is the Traveling Palace of Catherine II - one of many built on the Moscow-Petersburg road according to a single project (similar palaces are also preserved in Torzhok and Tver) - now occupied by a school. However, stone buildings on the Island are available only at the Tsnin Knal, while most of it is built up. wooden mansions characteristic architecture (almost all with a mezzanine, many are decorated with carvings), the most spectacular of which stands at the corner of Ostashkovskaya and Turgenevskaya streets. In general, the historical environment of the Island has been preserved noticeably better than in the City part.

Kazan Monastery

The Kazan Monastery is located on the eastern outskirts of the city, where (along Volodarsky Street) there is a bus and fixed-route taxi No. 10 (quite rare), two kilometers from the center. The monastery arose in 1872 through the efforts of Prince Putyatin, and St. John of Kronstadt played an important role in its creation. The Greek Andronikov Icon of the Mother of God was kept in the monastery, according to legend, painted by the Evangelist Luke - it came to Russia from Byzantium, but was lost in 1984. The ensemble of the monastery was formed at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, and three buildings are most interesting: the bell tower in the eclectic style, the 13-domed Kazan Cathedral of the most complex architecture - one of the most beautiful in the Tver land, and Andronikov Cathedral, similar to the creations of Tone. The ensemble of the monastery also includes residential and commercial buildings, but their architecture is very primitive. The monastery is closed to tourists, and you can get inside only during the evening service on Saturday and morning on Sunday.

In addition, on the banks of the Vyshnevolotsk reservoir, at the mouth of the Tabolka River, there are Fraternal cemetery during the war, where 1727 soldiers and officers who died in Vyshnevolotsk hospitals are buried.

Tsnin Canal.
Photo: Ilya Buyanovsky

Vyshnevolotsk water system

The Vyshnevolotsk water system is an ancient system of navigable canals and rivers that connected the basins of the Caspian (Volga) and Baltic (Neva) seas. The ancient waterway, which was used by Novgorod merchants, was turned into a navigable highway during the time of Peter I, and in the 18th - early 19th centuries it was the most important transport artery of Russia. The center of the water system was Vyshny Volochek, standing on the watershed of Tvertsa and Tsna, that is, in the "node" of the water system.

Scheme . The Vyshnevolotsk waterway begins in Tver, from where the ships from the Volga went up the Tvertsa (on oars, or with the help of barge haulers). In the region of Vyshny Volochek, on the Valdai Upland, Tvertsa approaches the Tsna, which flows to the north, only 1.5 kilometers away - there was an ancient portage, and in the 18th-19th centuries, through the efforts of M. Serdyukov, O. Koritsky and Y. Sievers, there was the most important node of the Vyshnevolotsk water system was created, including several canals, the Vyshnevolotsk reservoir, numerous hydraulic structures of different eras. Further along the Tsna, the path led to Mstinskoye Lake, and from it along the Msta River (a lock was preserved at its source) to Lake Ilmen and Volkhov (moreover, from Msta to Volkhov they got not through the lake, but through two navigable canals), which in the area of Novaya Ladoga intersected with the Ladoga canals, which united the Vyshnevolotsk water system with the Tikhvin and Mariinsky canals built later.

The oldest structure of the Vyshnevolotsk system, and indeed the oldest shipping canal in Russia in general, is the Tveretsky Canal, which limits the historical part of the city from the south. In the first version, it was dug in place of the portage in 1703-1709 by Dutch craftsmen under the leadership of Prince Gagarin, and was called Gagarinsky. However, only with the reconstruction of the times of Serdyukov, the canal began to function properly. This canal is the most important structure of the entire Vyshnevolotsk water system, since at the bottom of the canal Tvertsa is born, flowing to the south, and the mouth of the canal opens into the Tsna, flowing to the north. The Tveretsky Canal is a very impressive structure, its width is about 30 meters, and it takes at least half an hour to walk along it (through the suburbs, then past the factories, and then the canal leads out of the city). The urban part of the canal is in poor condition - the banks are overgrown with grass and littered with debris, but in some places the remnants of stone cladding have been preserved on the countryside. At the exit of the canal, far from Tsna, there is a modern concrete Tveretsky lock (the wooden one, built by Serdyukov, has not been preserved), over which two obelisks, set by Catherine II, survived.

Tsna within the boundaries of Vyshny Volochyok is strongly spring-loaded, and is located opposite the historical center Tver Venice- many islands between channels connected by bridges: there are more than 30 bridges and bridges in Volochka. However, the islands are occupied by a park, and there are no ancient buildings on them. A little north of the mouth of the Tveretsky Canal is located boat station where you can rent a boat or a catamaran in summer. Tsna here makes a big loop, which is straightened by the Tsnin Canal (aka Serdyukovsky, named after the builder), which begins at the Petersburg Bridge. Narrow (about 15 meters) and winding, the canal winds picturesquely between parks and ancient buildings, and, unlike the Tveretsky Canal, it is maintained in good condition: the banks are lined with granite, the water is clear. In general, unlike the Tveretsky Canal, blocked by bridges and pipelines, the Tsnin Canal has been preserved almost in its original form, and is suitable for boat trips. On Tsna itself, the only hydraulic structure of Serdyukov’s time is of great interest: Tsnin beishlot. You can go to it along Turgenev Street, and the beishlot is a two-span dam lined with granite slabs and equipped with a modern lifting mechanism at the top. However, the Beishlot outlet itself is completely wooden, and has hardly changed its appearance over the past 250 years. Perhaps this beyshlot is the most interesting historical object in Volochka.

Behind the beishlot there is a large, rather simple in terms of architecture Vyshnevolotsk hydroelectric building(end of the 18th century), where the directorate of the water system is located.

To the west of Volochka there is a vast Vyshnevolotsk reservoir. This is the oldest reservoir in Russia (not counting the pond of the Alapaevsky plant in the Urals), and it was originally called Zavodskoy (from the Serdyukov plants that stood on the banks). It was created by Serdyukov, and its original area was only 9 km 2. However, this reservoir was the most important part of the Serdyukov project, since it maintained a constant water level in the Tsna and the Tveretsky Canal, which allowed ships to pass the Vyshnevolotsky waterway in low water. Under Osip Ivanovich Koritsky, the reservoir was expanded to 68 km 2 (at the same time, an earthen dam was built near the Moscow-Petersburg road, which protected the tract from flooding), and its last reconstruction was carried out in the 1930s, when the reservoir reached an area of 109 km 2, turning into a huge reservoir of fresh water. At the same time, a few kilometers south of Volochka, the Novo-Tveretsky Canal was dug, 5 kilometers long, through which the water of Tsna and Msta was supplied to Tvertsa, and from there, through the Volga and the Moscow Canal, to the capital, providing 8% of the water consumed in Moscow.

An integral part of the Vyshnevolotsk water system is the estate located on the banks of the Vyshnevolotsk reservoir, in a remote area of Kasharovo (bus No. 9 from Vyshny Volochyok) Mikhail Ivanovich Serdyukov. The ensemble of buildings of this estate is one of the oldest in Russia and includes the main house and outbuildings in the Baroque style, outbuildings, zeihgauz. Peter the Great visited the estate more than once, and according to legend, the barberry bush growing next to the main house was planted by the emperor himself.

Museums

Vyshnevolotsk Museum of Local Lore. Address: Kazansky Prospekt, 63-65. Apparently temporarily closed.

Vyshny Volochek (Vyshny Volochok) is a city in the Tver region of Russia. It is part of an independent municipal formation of the region - the "urban district of Vyshny Volochek", and the administrative center of the Vyshnevolotsky municipal district of the Tver region is also located in the city. Founded in 1471. Received city status in 1770.
Population - 51403 people. The city is located on the northeastern outskirts of the Valdai Upland, on the Tsna River (Vyshnevolotsk Reservoir), 119 km northwest of Tver. Vyshny Volochek is located on the 297th kilometer of the federal road "Russia" (Moscow - St. Petersburg), there is a railway station.

The coat of arms of Vyshny Volochyok was approved on April 2, 1772.

Vyshny Volochek, due to its geographical position, has been on the trade waterway from the basin of Nevycherez Lake Ladoga and the river since ancient times. Volkhov to Lake Ilmen (along the Msta-Tsna River) to the Volga basin (Tvertsa River and further along the Lama River to Volok Lamsky (Volokolamsk), as it was originally called), this is the northern part of the so-called ancient route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" along tributaries of the Dnieper, as well as the trade route through the Volga river basin to Volga Bulgaria and the Khazar capital of Itil, through which in the IX-X centuries. passed the caravan route from China to Spain. And later on land from Novgorod to Moscow. The settlement here was first mentioned in 1437. Under Ivan the Third, the Vyshnevolotsk pit was established. During the Time of Troubles, Volochek was captured and destroyed by Polish troops.

But the most significant events in the history of Vyshny Volochyok began in 1703, when Peter the Great decided to create a regular system of canals for water communication between the basins of different seas. In January 1703, he signed a decree on the construction of a canal at the place of portage between Tsna and Tvertsa. The construction was carried out according to the design of the Dutch masters and the general supervision of Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, who later became the Siberian governor and was hanged for abuse of power and embezzlement in this position. The canal was built by serfs driven from all over Russia, which, of course, significantly reduced the cost of construction.

By 1708, a hydraulic system was built, consisting of the Tveretsky (Gagarinsky) canal connecting Tvertsa and Tsna, as well as locks on Tsna to equalize water levels. In 1709, through navigation from the Volga to Ilmen was opened, and in the summer of the following 1710, it turned out that the canal was too shallow, and large ships did not pass through it in the summer, navigation was possible only in spring on high water and in autumn.
For some time, other rivers were explored to be able to connect them with canals, but in the end, Mikhail Ivanovich Serdyukov, who previously owned a distillery near Volochka, was the main supplier of provisions for the construction of the Tveretsky Canal, and also took on a wide variety of contracts in Volochka, took up the reconstruction of the canal. In 1718, he wrote a letter to Peter with a proposal to redirect the course of the Shlina River, a tributary of the Tsna, so that it flows into the Tsna above the mouth of the canal and thereby increases the volume of water in the canal. Serdyukov was summoned to St. Petersburg for a report, and in June 1719 the Senate issued a decree transferring the Tveretsky Canal and the locks on Tsna to Serdyukov. He carried out the work at his own expense, relying on income from the taverns and mills he owned for 15 years. By 1722, he had built a dam on the Shlina, as well as canals from Shlina to Tsna and from Shlina to Klyuchino Lake, which changed the course of the Shlina. In addition, he carried out the reconstruction of the Tveretsky Canal, after which it began to let large ships through, and the waterway from St. Petersburg to the Volga was fully operational. The canal remained under the control of Serdyukov until his death (presumably in 1754, the exact date is unknown); in 1740 he created his last hydraulic structure - the Zavodskoye reservoir on Tsna. In 1743, by decree of Elizabeth Serdyukov, hereditary nobility was granted.
The heirs of Serdyukov managed the canal poorly, and as a result, in 1765, a state manager was appointed to the canal, and in 1774 it was completely transferred to the treasury. In 1770 it received the status of a district town of the Novgorod province, in 1772 - a coat of arms. In 1773, the post of director of water communications was created, which was taken by the Novgorod governor Yakov Efimovich Sivers. He developed a program to improve the entire Vyshnevolotsk water system, but in 1782 he resigned. In 1785, Catherine II personally examined the structures of the Vyshnevolotsk water system, which, apparently, impressed her, so that upon returning to St. Petersburg, she issued a decree to improve the entire system. It was supposed to replace the wooden structures with stone ones, which was done from 1790 to 1797. In 1797, already under Paul, Sievers was again appointed the manager of all water communications in Russia. Despite the fact that, partly through his efforts, several waterways connecting the Volga and Neva were built at once, Vyshnevolotsky remained the main one and in the middle of the 19th century needed reconstruction. The director of the Vyshnevolotsk watershed section, Osip Ivanovich Koritsky, took up the reconstruction. In 1824, he explored the canal and proposed a reconstruction project, and from 1825 to 1828 he supervised this reconstruction, during which the dam on the Zavodskoye reservoir was enlarged and the area of the reservoir itself was significantly increased.

In the second half of the 19th century, the Vyshnevolotsk water system finally fell into decay. In 1849, the Nikolaev railway passed through Vyshny Volochek, which took over most of the freight traffic. And the water communication gradually moved to the more convenient Mariinsky water system, now the Volga-Baltic waterway. By the beginning of the 1890s, transit traffic along the Vyshnevolotsk water system had completely ceased, and it was used only for local traffic, as well as for timber rafting. Although the system was reconstructed twice more after that, in the 1920s and in the 1940s, it currently has practically no significance for shipping. Very little remains of the old hydraulic structures.

The development of the system naturally led to the development of the city. Vyshny Volochyok rose on trade in the second half of the 18th century. The city was actually located along the canal and was heavily dependent on the passing caravans of ships. By the middle of the 19th century, it was one of the largest cities in the Tver province, and the railway guaranteed its further economic viability.

In Vyshny Volochek, a narrow-gauge railway previously operated, which belonged to the Vyshnevolotsk peat enterprise. Peat was delivered to the city along it.
The Vyshnevolotsk Regional Drama Theater operates in the city.
A monument to the LiAZ-677 bus was erected near the city's automobile enterprise.

Located on the banks of the Tsne River, 119 kilometers from the regional center. The area of the settlement is 54 square kilometers.

General data and historical facts

The first mention of a settlement on the site of the modern city dates back to 1437. The settlement arose on the site of the watershed of the Baltic and Caspian basins.

In the 16th century, on the site of the city, there was a large craft settlement, which was called Nikolsky churchyard.

At the beginning of the 18th century, by decree of Emperor Peter I, the Tveretsky Canal was built in the settlement, later transferred to the merchant M. I. Serdyukov.

In 1922, under the management of this merchant, the Tsnin Canal was opened. In 1770, the settlement was transformed into the city of Vyshny Volochyok in the Novgorod province.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the following factories were opened in the city: brick, candle, leather. A little later, the county religious school, county civil and soldier's schools were opened.

In 1849, a section of the Vyshny Volochek-Tver railway was put into operation.

In the second half of the 19th century, a paper-weaving factory, a paper-spinning factory, a chemical plant, a sawmill, and a large factory of the Prokhorovskaya manufactory were built in Vyshny Volochyok.

At the beginning of the 20th century, nine churches, several chapels, a synagogue, and two monasteries functioned in the city. In 1917, Soviet power was established in the village.

In 1918, all large enterprises of the city were nationalized. During the Great Patriotic War, 21 hospitals functioned in Vyshny Volochek, in which more than 1,700 people died from wounds.

The telephone code of Vyshny Volochyok is 48233. The postal code is 171167.

Climate and weather

Vyshny Volochek has a temperate continental climate. Winters are long and moderately cold. Summers are warm and short. The warmest month is July - the average temperature is +18.6 degrees.

The coldest month is February - the average temperature is -8 degrees. The average annual rainfall is 670 mm.

The total population of Vyshny Volochek for 2018-2019

Population data obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of citizens over the past 10 years.

The total population for 2018 is 46.9 thousand people.

The data from the chart shows a slight drop in population from 53,000 in 2007 to 46,908 in 2018.

As of January 2018, in terms of the number of inhabitants, Vyshny Volochek ranked 340 out of 1113 cities of the Russian Federation.

Attractions

1.Kazan Convent This religious institution was founded in 1872. The main shrine of the monastery was the icon of the Andronikov Mother of God of ancient Greek writing, which was lost in 1984.

2.Vyshnevolotsk reservoir- this artificial reservoir was formed in 1719. In 1951, the tenic structures of the reservoir were reconstructed.

3.Cathedral of the Epiphany- This Orthodox church was built in 1814. Since 1931 the cathedral has been closed and used as a warehouse. In 1945, the cathedral reopened its doors to parishioners.

Transport

Vyshny Volochek has two railway stations that connect the city with Tver, Torzhok, Bologoe, Valdai, Likhoslavl, Ostashkov, Okulovka, Veliky Novgorod.

Public transport is represented by buses and minibuses.

Buses to Veliky Novgorod regularly depart from the city bus station,

G upper drag. City Vyshny Volochek