Increasingly, it is mentioned in the formation of the Federal State Educational Standard. What are new educational standards and how have they changed the system of national education? We will try to find answers to these important and topical questions.

What are the new educational standards

This abbreviation stands for Federal State Educational Standard (FGOS). Programs, requirements depend not only on the specifics of the academic discipline, but also on the level of education.

Purpose of second generation standards

What is the purpose of the GEF? What is UUD? To begin with, we note that not all developed countries have uniform educational standards. In the Russian Federation, they are designed to ensure continuity between individual levels of education. After completing one stage, the student must have a certain level of preparation in order to move on to the next educational stage.

The Federal State Educational Standards of general education, intended for pupils with disabilities, are characterized as a system of requirements that are mandatory when implementing an adapted program for children with disabilities.

2nd generation standards requirements

Each class contains certain requirements for the level of education and upbringing according to the standards. GEF implies certain requirements for the structure of programs, the volume of material. They also take into account the conditions for the implementation of educational basic programs, including logistical, financial, and staffing of the process. If the Federal State Educational Standards of the 1st generation were aimed at the assimilation of theoretical material by schoolchildren, then the new standards are intended for the harmonious development of the younger generation.

Components of the new standards

GEF 2nd generation appeared in 2009. They include three main parts.

The first part contains requirements for the results of mastering the educational program by schoolchildren. The emphasis is not on the totality of skills and knowledge, but on universal learning activities that involve the independent acquisition of the necessary information through the use of modern technologies, as well as on communicative qualities.

In addition, the standard indicates the expected learning outcomes for each educational area, describes the qualities that will be formed in schoolchildren: a healthy lifestyle, tolerance, respect for nature, respect for the native land.

The GEF lesson involves elements of project and research activities. The new standards pay special attention to extracurricular activities in the form of creative studios, circles, and clubs. The requirements for the competence and professionalism of the teaching staff of educational institutions are indicated.

The country's development strategy, developed up to 2020, is aimed at forming a competent citizen who knows how to be responsible for his actions, ready for self-development and self-improvement.

Specific features of GEF IEO

Let's continue the consideration of the Federal State Educational Standard. What are the new standards for the school, you found out. Now we will reveal their differences from the traditional educational program. The content of the program is not aimed at obtaining knowledge, but at the formation of spirituality, morality, general culture, social and personal development.

Particular attention is paid to the physical development of the younger generation. Requirements for learning outcomes are indicated in the form of subject and personal results, this distinguishes the new standards from the first generation of the Federal State Educational Standard. What is UUD?

The updated standards require increased attention to extracurricular activities. Its organization is carried out in the following areas: social, sports, moral, spiritual, general cultural development.

How is an additional group formed? GEF involves the holding of disputes, conferences, the organization of scientific school societies, competitions, olympiads. The time that, according to the new standards, is allotted for extracurricular activities is not included in the main workload of schoolchildren. The alternation of extracurricular and educational activities is determined by the educational institution, taking into account the wishes of the parents of students.

Distinctive characteristics of the new standard

What are the distinctive features of the GEF? Grade 5 is considered the beginning of the second stage of education, where the main emphasis is on the formation of meta-subject and personal results.

The main goal of the new standard was an activity approach, which is aimed at developing the student's personality. General educational skills are considered the core of the Federal State Educational Standard, therefore, specific learning activities have been developed for each subject.

An important stage in the formation of UUD at the initial stage of education is the orientation of younger students towards mastering communication and information technologies, as well as the competent use of modern ICT tools.

Modern digital tools and communication environments are indicated in the second generation standards as the best option for the formation of UUD. There is a special subprogram aimed at developing information competencies in the younger generation.

Primary education in new realities

The standard implies certain requirements for the results of schoolchildren who have mastered the primary education program. Personal UUD presupposes the desire and ability of schoolchildren for self-development, the formation of positive motivation for knowledge and learning, the semantic and value attitudes of students, which reflect their individual positions, social competencies.

Primary school graduates must have a civic identity, personal qualities.

In meta-subject competencies, it is implied that the children fully master the educational activities: communicative, regulatory, cognitive, thanks to which they master the basic competencies.

Subject UUD assume obtaining information on certain disciplines, transformation, use of information, formation on the basis of the acquired knowledge of a full-fledged scientific picture of the world.

For example, a child learns to independently select a title for the text, write down the abstracts of the text. A graduate of an elementary school is obliged to draw up a thesis plan according to a ready-made title, to think over a retelling of the material.

The importance of ICT in educational institutions

The realities of our time are such that, in addition to classical writing, a child almost simultaneously masters a computer keyboard. Many parents who use computers in their professional activities understand the importance of ICT in the modern school. Acquaintance with the outside world, conducting experiments and research today involves the use of digital cameras, microscopes. To summarize the results obtained in the course of practical activities, schoolchildren use digital resources.

Design methodology

For the project method, which is an indispensable element of the modern school according to the standards of the second generation, information technologies are also needed.

The integrated approach to learning used in the second generation standards is associated with the active application of knowledge gained in another lesson. For example, work with texts, descriptions, carried out during the Russian language, is continued when getting acquainted with natural phenomena in the lesson of the world around. The result of such activities will be a video report that describes natural phenomena, pictures of the environment.

Information and educational environment

It should be optimal for the informatization of the student and teacher. It is through the information environment according to the new federal standards that remote interaction of participants in the educational process is ensured, including the extracurricular period. What is included in IS? Multimedia devices, computers, access to the World Wide Web, access to electronic resources.

It is through the information environment that the teacher interacts with children who, for health reasons, cannot attend regular lessons and extracurricular activities.

The standard applies not only to lessons, but also to extracurricular activities. It includes individual lessons, homework, group consultations.

The content of such activities is reflected in the educational main program of the educational institution. GEF allow extracurricular work of younger students in the amount of ten hours a week. At the first stage of education, it helps to ensure equal opportunities in obtaining high-quality general primary education, upbringing, moral development of schoolchildren, and the formation of their citizenship.

Conclusion

In connection with the change in the social order in Russian education, there is a need for significant changes. Instead of the classical system, in which the main attention was paid to obtaining the maximum amount of theoretical knowledge, Russian schools are introducing programs aimed at the self-development of the younger generation. The second generation GEF provides an opportunity to receive primary education in their native language, to master the cultural and spiritual values ​​of their people.

Thanks to the use of innovative teaching methods by teachers, each child has the opportunity to build their own educational and educational trajectory, gradually move along it, improve their skills and abilities. The standards of the second generation are aimed at satisfying the social order - the education of a citizen and a patriot who loves his country and is proud of it.

Hello, friends! Evgenia Klimkovich is in touch! Agree, everything that concerns our children also concerns us. Including how and what they are taught in school. Have you ever heard the abbreviation GEF? I'm sure you had to. Do you know what GEF NOU is? To be honest, until recently, I only knew the decoding. Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education.

I decided to dig deeper and understand what the essence of the standard is. In the process, I learned that it was approved in 2009 and replaced the old educational standard, which is why it is called the “second generation” standard. And since September 2011, according to this standard, schools in the country began to teach children. For five years of application, changes and additions were made to it. And as a result, we have what we have. What exactly?

But this is a difficult question for parents, who for the most part are not certified teachers. There is a lot of information on the Internet. But this information leads to a stupor with phrases like: “Subject results are grouped by subject areas, within which subjects are indicated ...”

One would like to ask: “Is it possible to do something simpler?”

Now I'll try it, it's easier)

Lesson plan:

What is GEF and what is it like?

So my short definition! GEF is the standard!

GOST is also a standard. GOSTs establish certain requirements for products or groups of goods.

And the Federal State Educational Standard sets requirements for education. Moreover, each level of education has its own standard:

• GEF DO - preschool education;
• GEF IEO - primary general education;
• GEF LLC - basic general education;
• GEF SOO - secondary general education;

All must comply with the GEF.

The standards ensure the continuity of the main training programs. That is, preschoolers are ready for learning in the first grade. Primary school graduates are ready for high school. Ninth-graders to further education in the 10th grade, etc.

Standard requirements for primary general education

There are only three items on the list of requirements:

1. Requirements for the results of mastering the program by students. That is, children at the end of the fourth grade must show the results determined by the standard.
2. Requirements for the structure of the educational program. Apparently, we are talking about who, how and in what ways should teach children so that they achieve the results from point number one.
3. Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the educational program. Professional training of teachers, availability of methodological materials, computer equipment of schools, sanitary and hygienic conditions, etc.

Well, now about the first two points in more detail.

Requirements for the results of mastering the educational program

How was it before? At the end of elementary school, the student had to show certain results. These results were a certain set of knowledge and skills in school subjects. If, for example, we take mathematics, then the child had to know the multiplication table and be able to solve problems in three steps.

Now everything is different. The standard took and divided these requirements into three more groups:

1. personal results;
2. metasubject results;
3. subject results.

Personal results

They can be judged by the portrait of an elementary school graduate, which is described in the GEF:

• the student is ready and capable of self-development;
• the student understands why he studies and strives for knowledge, is able to organize his activities;
• the student is friendly, knows how to hear someone else's opinion and express his own;
• the student has developed his own system of values ​​(family, homeland, sports, friendship, etc.), which corresponds to the personal qualities of the child and his individual position;
• the student understands that he is a citizen of his country and a patriot of his homeland.

In the previous standard, there was not a word about this.

Metasubject Results

These results include the mastery of universal educational activities by the student. Or UUD. Remember these three funny letters. They will be discussed below.

Subject Results

School subjects have not been canceled. Mathematics, Russian, literary reading and other lessons are present in the life of a student. And he has to learn the basics. That is, to get a substantive foundation, a solid support, so that there is something to push off from and “fly up”.

Only the teachers are smarter now. They do not give their knowledge to children ready-made, as before. They teach children to extract, find, process and then apply this knowledge.

Subject results of students are evaluated. I mean, they're rated. The lower limit of subject results is established by the standard. It is expressed in the phrase:

"The graduate will learn..."

Failure to reach this lower limit prevents a child from being promoted to fifth grade. The upper limit of subject results is expressed by the phrase:

“The graduate will have the opportunity to learn…”

That is, if a child wants to know more, then the school has no right to refuse him this.

Requirements for the structure of the educational program

Use your imagination, friends. Now we will present. Imagine an educational program in the form of a kind of solar system, where there is a huge star and planets that revolve around the star.

The big star is UUD. Yes, yes, those same three funny letters! Universal learning activities. In essence, UUD is the ability to learn, obtain the necessary information and apply it. It is impossible to know everything, and it is hardly necessary. The main thing is to know where and how to get information. That is, to put it figuratively, the school does not provide the child with a limited amount of "fish", but gives the child a "fishing rod" and teaches how to use it.

Our "UUDash" star has a complex structure, so I propose to consider it in more detail, but for now let's take care of the planets.

lesson activity

Everything seems to be clear here. This is the activity of students during the lessons. It is aimed at achieving substantive results, which we have already discussed above. Only now, in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO, class activities are supplemented by extracurricular activities.

Extracurricular activities

Extracurricular activities are as important a part of the structure of the educational program as the lessons. It is aimed at achieving personal and metasubject results.

Extracurricular activities - this is a visit by schoolchildren to institutions of additional education, school sections, and extracurricular activities organized by teachers.

And what is important, the school is interested in what the child does outside its walls. At the beginning of each school year, parents are asked to fill out a questionnaire, where one of the questions is: “What extra classes does the child attend?”

Activity method of teaching

The explanatory method of teaching is a thing of the past. “They chewed it and put it in their mouths” - this is not about a modern school.

Miners in the mines extract coal!

And children in schools acquire knowledge!

They are getting it!

How is it shown? In the active use of design and research activities from the first grade. I don’t understand parents who complain that their children are constantly given some kind of projects. After all, first of all, it is very interesting. And secondly, it's useful. In life, the skill of finding the right information and processing it will definitely come in handy.

Also, often the work on these projects is not carried out individually, but in pairs or even in groups. It is also very useful, because in order to get a result, children first need to figure out who will do what, that is, to agree.

I think it makes learning so much more interesting.

ICT

Information and communication technologies. Nowadays, the school can no longer turn a blind eye to the fact that even first-graders know perfectly well what a computer is, what the Internet is. And so the Federal State Educational Standard determined that students should become competent in this area.

Along with writing at school, they begin to study the computer. Informatics lessons are introduced in schools from the second grade. But it's not just about computers. For example, when studying the surrounding world, such devices as video cameras, microscopes, digital cameras, etc. are used.

In our school, electronic boards are placed in the classrooms of primary classes. And they are actively used in every lesson. If a project is assigned to the house, then based on the results, you need to make a presentation on the computer and then present it to the class using an electronic board.

Electronic diaries. Also new in schools. This is a modern version of the good old paper diaries, which, by the way, have not been canceled yet. In these diaries, you can find not only information about academic performance, but also various messages of an organizational nature. About parent meetings, for example. As well as homework in all subjects.

educational activity

In the previous standard of education, this issue was not considered at all. Teachers, on their own initiative, conducted classes on topics such as: health, active lifestyle, patriotism, etc.

And now it's a must!

What does it look like in practice? In the first grade, my daughter was introduced to the subject "Nutrition Rules". There was even a textbook and a workbook. The name of the item speaks for itself. Questions about a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition were considered.

And last year the subject of ORC and SE was introduced. Fundamentals of religious culture and secular ethics. This is in order to get to know the culture of your country better, to feel like a part of it.

Here you can also mention the portfolio of the student. This is a student's personal document. It is needed to record his individual achievements. There are no strict portfolio requirements at the moment. So you can apply a creative approach to its creation.

So, friends, the school is not what it used to be! In my opinion, learning has become more interesting. Of course, a lot depends on the teacher.

Do you remember your first teacher? I remember. Her name was Elizaveta Khristianovna. Honored teacher of the Komi Republic, super teacher! We went along with her, and once again we were afraid to open our mouths. Of course, she drove knowledge into our heads, for which many thanks to her. But we never dreamed of such lessons as in the video.

That's all) Please share your opinions about what you read in the comments.

I wish you all the very best!

As always, say hello to the kids)

See you on the blog pages!

The concept of an educational standard

Among the progressive directions in the development of modern education, its standardization is clearly distinguished, caused by certain life circumstances and, above all, the need to create a single pedagogical document in the country, thanks to which a holistic level of general education will be provided for children in various types of educational institutions.

The very concept of "standard" in translation from British means the norm, the standard, the general measure. The main purpose of standards is to organize and regulate the relationship and work of people, which is focused on creating productive results that satisfy needs society.

The standard of education includes a system of basic characteristics, taken as the state norm of education, reflecting the social standard and taking into account the individual abilities of the individual and the education system to achieve this ideal.

The standardization of education in the developed countries of the world has been carried out for a long time through the development of curricula and programs, the establishment of a special level of education. However, the very term "standard" in relation to education began to be used relatively recently. Its appearance is associated not only with the creation of a single state educational standard, but also with the provision of the necessary quality and level of education in various educational institutions.

In Russia, the federal state educational standard (FSES) is considered the main regulatory document reflecting the meaning of a particular part Law of the Russian Federation "On Education". It develops and concretizes such concepts as the content, level and form of education, designates the means of education, shows ways and methods for measuring, analyzing and evaluating learning outcomes. In addition, the Federal State Educational Standard sets a minimum list of requirements for the preparation of graduates.

A significant criterion of the education system is the degree of democracy of its standard, which, first of all, is characterized by the correspondence of the part of education compiled by authorized state bodies with the part of education independently determined by educational institutions. However, despite this, in each individual educational institution, the content of education may vary, that is, have slight deviations from the established norm.

Levels of educational standard

The Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" states that the state determines only the minimum required level of education. Supplementing the content of education in excess of this norm is the responsibility of the educational institutions themselves. In this regard, in the state standard of general secondary education, 3 levels are distinguished, differing in their structure and content:

• federal level,
• national-regional level,
• school level.

The federal level describes those standards, the observance of which ensures the determination of the pedagogical position of Russia, its place in the educational field, as well as the inclusion of each individual in the system of world culture.

The national-regional level has standards in the field of the native language, literature, art, geography, labor training, etc. They are determined and are in the area of ​​responsibility of the regional authorities.

The federal and national-regional levels of the education standard include such important regulatory aspects as:

• a description of the content of education at all stages of education that the state provides to students in the amount of the necessary general education;
• minimum requirements for the preparation of students on the scale of the specified size of the content of education;
• the most optimal amount of teaching load for children, depending on the year of study.

The school level describes the functioning of the educational institution itself, its basic educational characteristics. In addition, the standard indicates the volume of the content of education, which fully reflects the specifics and trends of a particular educational institution.

The value of the educational standard

A clear standardization of the minimum requirements for the general education of students opens up opportunities for differentiation teaching. Thus, essential prerequisites arise for resolving contradictions between the rights and obligations of the student: he must fulfill state requirements for the level of general education and at the same time has the right, if there is an appropriate desire to move further in mastering the content of education, to achieve high results.

When studying a complex or unloved subject, a student may limit himself to the minimum requirements, and this, in turn, frees him from an additional laborious study load and makes it possible to realize his own interests and abilities. Since information about the standards is provided in the public domain, this allows students to consciously choose a personal line of their own development.

This approach to the content of general education to a greater extent removes the unjustified emotional and psychological stress of students, enables everyone to study at the most feasible level, forms positive motives for learning and allows you to create conditions for the real full development of the child.

The implementation of the main functions of the federal state educational standard truly contributes to:

• ensuring the unity of the educational position in the conditions of the existence of various types of educational institutions;
• the formation of students' positive motivation teachings;
• the transition to assessing the results of the teacher's work on the basis of the compliance of students' educational achievements with the standard of education;
• making informed management decisions;
• allocation in the educational process of time for classes at the choice of students, taking into account their capabilities, in accordance with personal interests and inclinations.

Federal State Educational Standard (FSES)- a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and area of ​​training, approved by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. The name "State Educational Standards" was applied to educational standards adopted before 2009. Until 2000, before the adoption of state standards for each level of general education and specialty (field of training) of vocational education, within the framework of the general state educational standard, state requirements were applied to the minimum content of the level of graduate training for each level of education and specialty.

Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education are mandatory for use by all universities of the Russian Federation that have state accreditation. In accordance with the Federal Law of November 10, 2009 No. 259-FZ "On the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov and St. Petersburg State University" and the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, educational organizations of higher education, in respect of which the category "federal university" or "national research university" is established, as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, has the right to develop and approve independently educational standards for all levels of higher education. The requirements for the conditions of implementation and the results of mastering educational programs of higher education included in such educational standards cannot be lower than the relevant requirements of federal state educational standards.

GEF goals

Federal state educational standards provide:

• the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;
• continuity of the main educational programs of preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general, primary vocational, secondary vocational and higher professional education.
• spiritual and moral development and education

The federal state educational standards establish terms for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms of education, educational technologies and the characteristics of certain categories of students.

The standard is the basis for:

• development of exemplary basic educational programs;
• development of programs of educational subjects, courses, educational literature, control and measuring materials;
• organization of the educational process in educational institutions that implement the main educational program in accordance with the standard, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and subordination;
• development of standards for financial support of educational activities of educational institutions implementing the main educational program, formation of a state (municipal) task for an educational institution;
• exercising control and supervision over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education;
• conducting state (final) and intermediate certification of students;
• building a system of internal monitoring of the quality of education in an educational institution;
• organizing the work of methodological services;
• certification of teaching staff and administrative and managerial personnel of state and municipal educational institutions;
• organization of training, professional retraining and advanced training of educators.

GEF structure

Each standard, according to the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ, includes 3 types of requirements:

• requirements for the structure of the main educational programs, including the requirements for the ratio of parts of the main educational program and their volume, as well as the ratio of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in the educational process;
• requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions;
• requirements for the results of mastering the main educational programs.

Higher education should develop students' general cultural and professional competencies. The previous, second, generation of the Federal State Educational Standard was developed in 2005.

Implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard in the educational process

For the implementation of each GEF, an educational institution must develop a basic educational program (BEP), including a curriculum, a calendar curriculum, work programs for subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and methodological materials.

Generations of state educational standards

General Education Standards:

• first generation standards (adopted in 2004 and called state educational standards);
• second generation standards (were adopted - for primary general education (grades 1-4) on October 6, 2009, for basic general education (grades 5-9) on December 17, 2010, for secondary (complete) general education (grades 10-11) May 17, 2012). These standards are focused on the result and development of universal learning activities.

Higher professional education standards:

• first generation standards (approved since 2000 and called state educational standards);
• second-generation standards (approved since 2005 and called state educational standards), focused on obtaining knowledge, skills and abilities by students;
• third generation standards (approved since 2009), according to which higher education should develop students' general cultural and professional competencies.

Until 2000, the unified state standard of higher professional education was applied, which was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 12, 1994 No. 940 and determined:

• the structure of higher professional education, documents on higher education;
• general requirements for the main professional educational programs of higher professional education and the conditions for their implementation;
• general standards for the study load of a student of a higher educational institution and its volume;
• academic freedom of a higher educational institution in determining the content of higher professional education;
• general requirements for the list of areas (specialties) of higher professional education;
• the procedure for the development and approval of state requirements for a minimum content and level of training of graduates in specific areas (specialties) of higher professional education as a federal component;
• rules of state control over compliance with the requirements of the state educational standard of higher professional education.

For each area of ​​training (specialty), state requirements were adopted for the minimum content and level of training of graduates.

From September 1, 2013, in accordance with the law "On Education in the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2012 No. 273, new generation standards must be approved, including for higher education programs - training of scientific and pedagogical personnel, in accordance with the new law, as well as for preschool education, for which the Federal State Educational Requirements for the structure of the main general education program of preschool education were previously provided.

GEF development

Standards can be developed according to educational levels, levels of education, professions, areas of training, specialties and are replaced by new ones at least once every 10 years.

Federal state educational standards for general education are developed according to the levels of education, federal state educational standards for vocational education can also be developed according to professions, specialties and areas of training for the corresponding levels of vocational education.

When forming federal state educational standards for vocational education, the provisions of the relevant professional standards are taken into account.

The development of the Federal State Educational Standard is carried out taking into account the actual and future needs of the individual, the development of society and the state, its defense and security, education, science, culture, engineering and technology, the economy and the social sphere in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on placing orders for the supply of goods, fulfillment works, provision of services for state or municipal needs.

FSES of higher professional education are developed by educational and methodological associations of universities in the relevant areas of training (specialties).

Draft standards are sent to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, which posts them on its official website on the Internet for discussion with the participation of representatives of interested executive authorities, state and public associations operating in the education system, leading educational and scientific institutions, scientific and pedagogical communities, associations of employers and institutions of public participation in the management of education, and sends them for independent examination.

An independent examination of draft standards is carried out within 14 days from the date of their receipt from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:

• associations of employers, organizations operating in the relevant sectors of the economy - on draft standards for primary vocational, secondary vocational and higher education;
• institutions of public participation in the management of education, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising management in the field of education - according to draft standards of general education;
• The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and other federal executive bodies in which military service is provided for by federal law - on draft standards for secondary (complete) general education, secondary vocational education in terms of issues related to the preparation of citizens for military service.

Based on the results of an independent examination, an expert opinion is sent to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, signed by the head of the organization or body that conducted the examination, or a person authorized by him.

Draft Federal State Educational Standards, comments and expert opinions to them are discussed by the Council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on Federal State Educational Standards, which decides to recommend the draft standard for approval, or for revision, or for rejection. After receiving the decision of the council, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation makes its own decision regarding the approval of the standard.

Amendments to the Federal State Educational Standards are carried out in the same manner as the adoption of the Federal State Educational Standards themselves.

The procedure for the adoption of the Federal State Educational Standard is carried out in accordance with the Rules for the Development and Approval of Federal State Educational Standards approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

FSES HPE are developed by Educational and methodological associations of universities for education in the relevant areas of training and their base universities.

In connection with the adoption of a new law on education and amendments to the Labor Code, introducing the concept of a professional standard for each profession (professional field), it is planned to develop the Federal State Educational Standard taking into account the provisions of professional standards.

The history of the development of educational standards in Russia

For the first time, the concept of an educational standard in Russia appeared in 1992 with the introduction of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, Article 7 of which was devoted to state educational standards. In the original version of the law, the standard of general education was adopted by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, but in connection with the adoption of the Constitution of 1993, this provision was canceled, and the functions of adopting educational standards were transferred to executive authorities in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. During the period when it had the right to approve the educational standard, the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation did not approve it.

According to the former Minister of Education of the Russian Federation Eduard Dmitrievich Dneprov, a significant step back - towards unitarism in education - was made by draft amendments, removing the concept of "national-regional component" of state educational standards in the law and replacing it with a "regional component" (Art. 7, p. 1, article 29, paragraph 2e). This trend was also observed in the basic curriculum approved by the Ministry of Education in 1993. The standardization of education, which had intensified by 1996, aroused resistance from the pedagogical community, expressed in a strike and protest actions of workers in the education system.

In the wording proposed by the developers of the law "On Education" in 1992, the educational standard, or rather its federal component, consisted of five elements:

• educational goals at each level of education
• requirements for the basic content of basic educational programs
• maximum allowable volume of classroom teaching load
• requirements for the level of preparation of students graduating from various levels of school
• requirements for the conditions of the educational process

Under pressure from supporters of the subject-methodological approach, this edition was deformed by the deputies of the relevant committee of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation and reduced to a three-part formula: “a mandatory minimum content of basic educational programs, the maximum amount of student workload, requirements for the level of training of graduates” (which unlawfully included and graduating from primary school).

As a result, from Article 7 of the law on educational standards:

• the target block disappeared from the standards;
• the requirements for the basic content of the main educational programs were replaced by the "mandatory minimum", that is, the same traditional list of subject topics; as a result, the standard turned into a regular set of subject programs;
• the concept of the maximum allowable classroom load disappeared, which is by no means adequate to the concept of the maximum load in general;
• requirements for the conditions of the educational process disappeared from the standard.

The specified three-dimensionality of the federal component of the educational standard, which remained in the law, according to E.D. Dneprov, “soon turned out to be clearly insufficient, not adequate either to the needs of educational practice, or to the demands of the development of the legislation on education itself. That is why already when the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” was adopted in 1996, this narrow legislative norm was scrapped and a partial return to the original idea of ​​the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”. Paragraph 2 of Article 5 of the university law reappeared “requirements for the mandatory minimum content of basic educational programs” and “conditions for their implementation”. Thus, returning to the origins, this law took two significant steps forward in the interpretation of the educational standard. Attention was again drawn to the conditions for the implementation of educational programs and requirements were introduced for their mandatory minimum, which no longer made it possible to reduce this minimum to a banal list of subject topics.

The obligatory adoption of the federal state educational standard was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted at the all-Russian vote on December 12, 1993.

In 1993-1999, temporary educational standards and federal components of the state educational standard were developed.

Since 2000, the SES of the first generation (for general education) and the first and second generations (for higher education) began to be developed.

In history, the development of state standards for general education has four stages: 1993-1996, 1997-1998 and 2002-2003, 2010-2011. At each of these stages, the motivation for developing standards has changed. On the first two - insignificantly, within the framework of the general and educational policy. On the third and fourth - radically, in line with the personality-oriented and activity-developing pedagogy.

With the adoption of amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" in 2009, new generation standards began to be developed - federal state educational standards. They have become federal. The standards of previous generations, in essence, were not federal state educational standards, but were only its components.

Criticism of educational standards

The former Minister of Education of the Russian Federation E. D. Dneprov openly criticizes the ideas embodied in educational standards, who devoted the book “The Recent Political History of Russian Education: Experience and Lessons” to the issue of standardization of education.

I. I. Kalina, Minister of the Government of Moscow, Head of the Department of Education of the City of Moscow, is critical of the problem of standardization of education.

There are a number of publications in which it is noted that the ideas and approaches declared by the developers of the standards are not actually implemented in them. This is especially true of the Federal State Educational Standards of secondary vocational education, which are based on a competency-based approach.

Educational standards in other countries

• In the United States, educational standards have been used since the 1980s as part of education reform aimed at results. graduating students in many American schools. Since the US educational system is decentralized, most education issues are taken over by local governments. Educational standards and programs are usually set by each state independently. The federal government is mainly involved only in the financing of education. The legislatures of each state to establish a general minimum level of knowledge for schools in the state. Only 22 states have established a list of recommended books.
• In Germany, educational standards have been developed since 1970 after the PISA study, which showed a low level of education in the country. The German standards are focused on the formation of key skills and competencies in students in the absence of overcrowding of curricula with excessive knowledge. Since 2004, standards for school education have been mandatory. In many ways, educational standards are of a framework nature, and the federal states fill them with their own content.

FGOS - what is it? Educational standard requirements

Probably everyone wants to give their child a quality education. But how to determine the level of education, if you have nothing to do with pedagogy? Of course, with the help of GEF.

What is FGOS

For each education system and educational institution, a list of mandatory requirements has been approved aimed at determining each level of training in a profession or specialty. These requirements are combined within the framework of the federal state educational standard (FSES), which is approved by the authorities authorized to regulate education policy.

The implementation and results of mastering programs in state educational institutions cannot be lower than those specified in the Federal State Educational Standard.

In addition, Russian education assumes that without mastering the standards it will be impossible to obtain a state document. GEF is a kind of basis, thanks to which the student has the opportunity to move from one level of education to another, like climbing a ladder.

Goals

Federal state educational standards are designed to ensure the integrity of the educational space in Russia; continuity of the main programs of preschool, primary, secondary, vocational and higher education.

In addition, the Federal State Educational Standard is responsible for aspects of spiritual and moral development and education.

The requirements of the educational standard include strict deadlines for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account all kinds of forms of education and educational technologies.

The basis for the development of indicative educational programs; programs of subjects, courses, literature, control materials; standards for the financial supply of educational activities of specialized institutions implementing the educational program is the Federal State Educational Standard.

What is the standard for public education? First of all, these are the principles of organizing the educational process in institutions (kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.). Without the Federal State Educational Standard, it is impossible to monitor compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the educational field, as well as to conduct final and intermediate certification of students.

It should be noted that one of the goals of the Federal State Educational Standard is internal monitoring of the quality of education. With the help of standards, the activities of methodological specialists are organized, as well as certification of teachers and other personnel of educational institutions.

Training, retraining and advanced training of educators are also under the influence of state standards.

Structure and implementation

The federal law decided that each standard must include three types of requirements without fail.

First, the requirements for the structure of educational programs (the ratio of parts of the main program and their volume, the ratio of the mandatory part and the share that is formed by the participants in the educational process).

Secondly, the implementation conditions are also subject to stringent requirements (including personnel, financial, technical).

Thirdly, the result. The entire educational program should form certain (including professional) competencies in students. The lesson on GEF is designed to teach how to apply all the acquired skills and knowledge, and act successfully on their basis.

Of course, this standard is not the constitution of all educational institutions. This is just the beginning of the vertical, with the main recommendation positions. At the federal level, on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard, an approximate educational program is being developed, focusing on local specifics. And then educational institutions bring this program to perfection (even interested parents can participate in the last process, which is regulated by law). Thus, from a methodological point of view, Russian education can be represented as a diagram:

Standard - an exemplary program of the federal level - the program of an educational institution.

The last paragraph includes such aspects as:

• academic plan;
• calendar schedule;
• work programs;
• evaluation materials;
• guidelines for subjects.

Generations and differences GEF

What is the state standard, they knew back in Soviet times, since strict regulations existed even then. But this specific document appeared and entered into force only in the 2000s.

GEF was previously called simply the educational standard. The so-called first generation came into force in 2004. The second generation was developed in 2009 (for primary education), in 2010 (for basic general education), in 2012 (for secondary education).

For higher education, GOSTs were developed in 2000. The second generation, which entered into force in 2005, was focused on obtaining ZUMs by students. Since 2009, new standards have been developed aimed at developing general cultural and professional competencies.

Until 2000, for each specialty, a minimum of knowledge and skills was determined that a person who graduated from a university should have. Later, these requirements became more stringent.

The modernization of public education continues to this day. In 2013, the law "On Education" was issued, according to which new programs for higher professional and preschool education are being developed. Among other things, the item on the training of scientific and pedagogical staff has firmly entered there.

What is the difference between the old standards and the Federal State Educational Standards? What are next generation standards?

The main distinguishing feature is that in modern education, the development of the personality of pupils (students) is at the forefront. Generalizing concepts (Skills, skills, knowledge) disappeared from the text of the document, more precise requirements came in their place, for example, real types of activities that each student should master were formulated. Great attention is paid to subject, interdisciplinary and personal results.

To achieve these goals, the previously existing forms and types of education were revised, and an innovative educational space for the lesson (lesson, course) was put into action.

Thanks to the introduced changes, the student of the new generation is a free-thinking person, able to set tasks for himself, solve important problems, creatively developed and able to adequately relate to reality.

Who is developing the standards

Standards are replaced with new ones at least once every ten years.

GEFs of general education are developed according to the levels of education, GEFs of vocational education can also be developed according to specialties, professions and areas of training.

The development of the Federal State Educational Standard is carried out taking into account:

• acute and promising needs of the individual;
• development of the state and society;
• education;
• culture;
• Sciences;
• technology;
• economy and social sphere.

The educational and methodological association of universities is developing the Federal State Educational Standard for higher education. Their draft is sent to the Ministry of Education, where a discussion takes place, corrections and corrections are made, and then it is submitted for an independent examination for a period of no more than two weeks.

The expert opinion is returned to the Ministry. And again, a wave of discussions is launched by the GEF Council, which decides whether to approve the project, send it for revision or reject it.

If changes need to be made to the document, it follows the same path from the beginning.

Elementary education

GEF is a set of requirements necessary for the implementation of primary education. The three main ones are results, structure and implementation conditions. All of them are due to age and individual characteristics, and are considered from the point of view of laying the foundation for all education.

The first part of the standard indicates the period for mastering the basic initial program. It is four years old.

It provides:

• equal educational opportunities for all;
• spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren;
• continuity of all programs of preschool and school education;
• preservation, development and mastery of the culture of a multinational country;
• democratization of education;
• formation of criteria for evaluating the activities of students and teachers4
• conditions for the development of an individual personality and the creation of special learning conditions (for gifted children, children with disabilities).

The training program is based on a system-activity approach. But the primary education program itself is developed by the methodological council of the educational institution.

The second part of the Federal State Educational Standard sets out clear requirements for the result of the educational process. Including personal, meta-subject and subject learning outcomes.

1. Formation of ideas about the diversity of the language space of the country.
2. Understanding that language is an integral part of national culture.
3. Formation of a positive attitude towards correct speech (and writing), as part of a common culture.
4. Mastering the primary norms of the language.

The third part defines the structure of primary education (curriculum, extracurricular activities, programs of individual subjects, which includes thematic planning according to the Federal State Educational Standard).

The fourth part contains requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the educational process (personnel, finance, material and technical side).

Secondary (complete) education

The first part of the standard on requirements is partially repeated and echoes the Federal State Educational Standard on primary education. Significant differences appear in the second section, which deals with learning outcomes. The necessary norms for the development of certain subjects are also indicated, including in the Russian language, literature, a foreign language, history, social science, geography and others.

Emphasis is placed on the personal development of students, highlighting such main points as:

• education of patriotism, assimilation of the values ​​of a multinational country;
• formation of a worldview corresponding to the level of reality;
• mastering the norms of social life;
• the development of an aesthetic understanding of the world, and so on.

The requirements for the structure of educational activities have also been modified. But the sections remained the same: target, content and organizational.

Higher levels

GEF for secondary vocational and higher education is built on the same principles. Their differences are obvious, the requirements for the structure, result and conditions of implementation cannot be the same for different educational levels.

The basis of secondary vocational education is a competency-based approach, i.e. people are given not just knowledge, but the ability to manage this knowledge. At the exit from the educational institution, the graduate should not say “I know what”, but “I know how”.

On the basis of the generally accepted GEF, each educational institution develops its own program, focusing on the profile orientation of the college or university, the availability of certain material and technical capabilities, etc.

The Methodical Council takes into account all the recommendations of the Ministry of Education and acts strictly under its guidance. However, the adoption of the programs of specific educational institutions is under the jurisdiction of local authorities and the department of education of the region (republic, territory).

Educational institutions should take into account and implement recommendations regarding educational materials (for example, GEF textbooks have taken their rightful place in libraries), thematic planning, etc.

Criticism

On the way to the approval of the Federal State Educational Standard, it went through many changes, but even in its current form, the education reform receives a huge amount of criticism, and received even more.

In fact, in the minds of the developers of the standard, it was supposed to lead to the unity of all Russian education. And it turned out the opposite. Someone found pluses in this document, someone minuses. Many teachers, accustomed to traditional teaching, had a hard time transitioning to the new standards. The GEF textbooks raised questions. However, there are positives to be found in everything. Modern society does not stand still, education must change and is changing depending on its needs.

One of the main complaints against the Federal State Educational Standard was its lengthy wording, the lack of clear tasks and real requirements that would be imposed on students. There were whole opposing groups. According to the Federal State Educational Standard, everyone was required to study, but no one gave explanations on how to do this. And with this, teachers and methodological specialists had to cope on the ground, including everything necessary in the program of their educational institution.

Topics on the Federal State Educational Standards have been raised and will continue to be raised, since the old foundations, in which knowledge was the main thing in education, have become very firmly established in everyone's life. The new standards, which are dominated by professional and social competencies, will find their opponents for a long time to come.

Outcome

The development of the Federal State Educational Standard turned out to be inevitable. Like everything new, this standard has caused a lot of controversy. However, the reform took place. To understand whether it is successful or not, at least, it is necessary to wait for the first graduation of students. Intermediate results are uninformative in this regard.

At the moment, only one thing is certain - the work of teachers has increased.

An educational standard is ... Federal State Educational Standards (FSES)

An educational standard is a set of standards for pedagogical activity of a certain level or for the direction of training, specialty and profession. It is approved by the authorized executive body. We knew the standards adopted before 2009 as GOSs. Until 2000, standards and minimums for the level of training of graduates for each stage and specialty were applied. Let us further consider what the Federal Educational Standard is today.

Development history

In 1992, for the first time, such a thing as an educational standard appeared. This definition was fixed in the branch Federal Law. Art. 7 was entirely dedicated to the State Educational Standards. In the original version of the law, the standards were adopted by the country's Supreme Council. However, in 1993 the Constitution was adopted, in connection with which this provision was terminated. Functions for the adoption of state legal documents were entrusted to the executive bodies in the manner prescribed by the government. At the same time, it should be said that the Supreme Council has not used it for the entire time it has the right to approve the standard.

Structure

The educational process with the introduction of new standards and minimums was initially proposed to be built on 5 components. This is:

1. The goals of pedagogical activity at each stage.
2. Standards for the basic content of the main programs.
3. The maximum allowable volume of educational classroom load.
4. Standards for the preparation of students at different school levels.
5. requirements for learning conditions.

However, supporters of the subject-methodological approach insisted on changing this structure. As a result, the federal component of the standard was reduced to a three-part form:

1. Minimum OOP content.
2. The maximum amount of teaching load.
3. Standards for the level of training of graduates.

At the same time, children completing primary school were also included among the latter. Thus, from the aforementioned Art. 7, several elements have disappeared, and a number of others have been replaced:

1. Eliminated target block.
2. The requirements for the main content of the OOP have been replaced by "mandatory minimums", that is, in fact, all the same standard list of topics. As a result, the educational standard was, in fact, an ordinary set of subject plans.
3. The concept of the maximum permissible load has disappeared, which is not equivalent to the concept of the maximum load.
4. The requirements for training conditions have been removed.

Criticism and changes

Former Minister of Education E. D. Dneprov said that the "three-dimensional" state standard is an insufficient, inadequate scheme. It did not meet the needs of pedagogical practice. In addition, such a system did not meet the development needs of the legislation itself. In this regard, already in 1996, after the adoption of the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Vocational Education", there was a partial return to the original plan. In paragraph 2 of Art. 5 of this law, standards appeared on the minimum content of the PLO, as well as on the conditions for their implementation. The normative act, therefore, drew attention to the order in which the educational process proceeds.

Stages

Between 1993 and 1999 interim standards and federal components of the State Educational Standards were developed and applied. In 2000, the standards of the first - for HEP, the first and second generation - for GPs were approved. In general, the development went through 4 stages: from 1993 to 1996, from 1997 to 1998, from 2002 to 2003. and from 2010 to 2011 At each stage, the motives for approving and the goals of the standards themselves, as well as the direction of the work of teachers during their implementation, changed. The adjustments at the first two stages were insignificant and were within the limits of the general education policy. In the third and fourth stages, the changes were dramatic. They were introduced in line with activity-developing and student-centered pedagogy. A new educational standard began to be developed in 2009.

Formation of a system of standards

GEF requirements can be developed according to:

1. levels.
2. Steps.
3. directions.
4. specialties.

Replacement (revision) of standards should be carried out at least once every 10 years. State educational standards of general education are developed by levels. Vocational training standards are also established for specialties, areas, professions in accordance with the stage at which the student is. The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard are determined in accordance with the current and future needs of the individual, the development of the state and society, the defense and security of the country, equipment and technology, science and culture, the social and economic spheres. The development of standards is carried out in the manner prescribed by law, which regulates the placement of orders for the performance of work, the supply of goods, the provision of services for municipal and state needs. Educational standards of higher education are determined by the educational and methodological departments of universities in the relevant specialties (training areas).

Coordination and expertise

The main educational standard is approved after the project is sent to the Ministry of Education and Science. The Ministry places the received materials for discussion on its own official website. It is attended by representatives of interested executive structures, public and state associations working in the field of education, advanced scientific and pedagogical institutions, communities, associations and other organizations. After discussion, the project is sent for an independent examination.

Stakeholders

An independent examination is carried out within 14 days from the date of receipt of materials from the Ministry of Education and Science. The stakeholders performing the review are:

1. Institutions of citizens' participation in the management of education, executive structures of the authorities of the regions - according to the draft standards of the PEP.
2. The Ministry of Defense and other bodies in which military service is provided for by law - according to the standards of complete (secondary) general education, secondary vocational education in terms of preparing students for being in the ranks of the Armed Forces.
3. Associations of employers, legal entities operating in the relevant economic sectors - according to draft standards for secondary and primary vocational training and higher education.

Adoption

Based on the results of an independent audit, a conclusion is sent to the Ministry of Education and Science. It is signed by the head of the body or organization that conducted the inspection, or by another authorized person. Expert opinions, comments, projects of the Federal State Educational Standard are discussed in the council of the ministry. He decides on the recommendation of the project for approval, revision or rejection. The resolution is sent to the Ministry of Education and Science. The Ministry makes its own final decision on GEF. Amendments, additions, changes to the approved standards are carried out in the same manner as their adoption.

Goals

The key task that the educational standard performs is the formation of a single pedagogical space in the country. The regulations also have the following objectives:

1. Spiritual and moral education and development.
2. Continuity of the PEP of preschool, primary, basic, full school, as well as primary, secondary and university vocational education.

The standards establish the terms of training, taking into account its various forms, pedagogical technologies, and the characteristics of certain categories of students.

Application

The federal educational standard acts as a basis for:

1. Organization of pedagogical activity in educational institutions that implement BEP in accordance with the approved standard, regardless of the organizational and legal form and subordination.
2. Development of exemplary curricula, programs for subjects and courses, control and measuring materials, educational publications.
3. Carrying out control and supervisory activities aimed at verifying compliance with the law in the field of pedagogical activity.
4. Development of standards for the financial support of educational activities of institutions implementing BEP.
5. Formation of municipal or state tasks for educational institutions.
6. Certification of teachers and employees of the administrative and managerial apparatus of municipal and state structures.
7. Organization of internal monitoring of the quality of pedagogical activity.
8. Carrying out intermediate and final certification of students.
9. Organizations of training, advanced training, professional retraining of pedagogical workers.

Implementation in pedagogical activity

How are GEFs implemented in practice? Programs that operate in educational institutions must be drawn up in accordance with approved standards. Their development is carried out directly by institutions. The programs formed under the Federal State Educational Standards include:

1. Academic plan.
2. Calendar chart.
3. Working subject programs.
4. Plans for courses, modules (disciplines), other components.
5. Methodical and evaluation materials.

Generations

The first general education standards were introduced in 2004. The second generation of standards was adopted:

1. For 1-4 cells. - in 2009
2. For 5-9 cells. - in 2010
3. For 10-11 cells. - in 2012

They were aimed at the result, the formation and development of UUD in students. The first generation of standards for higher vocational education was approved in 2003. The following standards were introduced in 2005. They were focused on acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities by students. The third generation of standards has been approved since 2009. In accordance with them, higher education should develop professional and general cultural competencies among students.

EGS VPO

Until 2000, there was a unified state standard for higher vocational education. It was approved by the government Decree. This standard defined:

1. The structure of university vocational training.
2. Documents about high school.
3. General requirements for basic professional education areas and conditions for their implementation.
4. The volume and standards of the student's workload.
5. Academic freedom of the university in determining the content of HPE.
6. General requirements for the list of specialties (directions) of vocational training.
7. The procedure in accordance with which the development and approval of standards for the minimum content and level of training of students in specific professions are carried out.
8. Rules for state control of compliance with the requirements of the state standard of higher vocational education.

Since 2013, in accordance with Federal Law No. 273, more progressive standards should be established. New standards are being introduced, among other things, for areas of higher education related to the training of scientific and pedagogical workers. Standards are also being developed for preschool education and development. Previously, state federal educational minimums were in force for them. The standards applied directly to the structure of the preschool education program.

The federal state educational standard is ... Definition, goals and structure

The federal educational standard is a document that contains certain requirements for the educational process. It was compiled for preschool educational institutions, schools, secondary specialized institutions, as well as for higher education. The federal educational standard contains norms, requirements for the process of education and upbringing. It includes certain recommendations on the preparation of curricula for Russian educational institutions.

Appearance time

The federal state educational standard was developed in 2003. First, innovations affected preschool educational institutions, then they moved to schools, colleges, institutes and universities.

When compiling the Federal State Educational Standard, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, as well as the Constitution of the Russian Federation, were taken into account. Why do Russian education need standards?

Relevance of updates

What is the educational standard for? The State Educational Standard was developed to systematize and unify the educational process. The document gave the teacher the opportunity to organize their activities in such a way that each child had the opportunity to develop along a certain trajectory. The developers took into account the psychological characteristics of each age, as well as the requirements for modern education dictated by society.

The federal state educational standard of education has become the main document; curricula in various disciplines are developed on its basis. It is in it that it is indicated what and how exactly children should be taught, what results should be achieved in this case, and the terms are also determined.

The federal educational standard of general education is necessary for planning the work of Russian educational institutions, it is reflected in their funding. The Federal State Educational Standard contains a section concerning the frequency of professional development by employees, the passage of retraining by teachers, and also determines the algorithm for the activity of subject methodological associations. An educational standard is a document on the basis of which forms and methods for monitoring the level of preparation of schoolchildren are developed.

GEF in preschool education

Among the distinctive characteristics of the new educational standard, it is necessary to single out an innovative approach to the educational process. If in the classical system the process of transferring knowledge from a teacher to a child was considered as the main task, now it is much more important to form a holistic, harmoniously developed personality capable of self-education and self-learning.

The new state educational standard in the programs of the preschool educational institution involves focusing on the social adaptation of pupils.

The program takes into account the following factors:

• regional features for the implementation of GEF;
• technical and material base of the preschool educational institution;
• forms, specifics, teaching methods in each preschool institution;
• social order of the territory;
• individual and age characteristics of children.

The general educational standard also implies compliance with certain conditions in the preschool educational institution. The educational program used in kindergarten should not contradict the law "On Education", the Constitution of the Russian Federation, various regional orders. It should contribute to the preservation and strengthening of the physical health of schoolchildren, guarantee the relationship between the teacher and the family, and form a positive attitude towards the learning process among preschoolers.

New educational standards in education provide equal opportunities for development for all children, regardless of social status, religious and ethnic affiliation, place of residence.

The purpose of the educational program on GEF

Since the new educational standard is the main document, it also indicates the main goal of preschool education. It consists in the formation of a harmonious personality of the child. Children during their stay in preschool institutions should receive a certain amount of theoretical information. The main focus of educators is on the formation of communication skills in preschoolers, the development of independence. In the preschool educational institution, optimal conditions are created that allow pupils to demonstrate individual abilities, to improve themselves.

Of course, in order to get the desired result, the child must have a certain amount of knowledge.

An educational standard is a document that specifies all the main criteria by which a graduate of a preschool institution is evaluated. Nowadays, the tasks of the educator do not include teaching children to read, write skills, and mathematics. It is much more important to instill in the child the ability to communicate with peers, develop logical thinking, form perseverance, and positively set up for school.

The preschool educational standard is a document that sets out the guidelines of the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool educational institutions.

Areas of expertise for the new standards

If we analyze preschool education, five areas of activity can be distinguished in it. Cognitive development involves the formation of a persistent cognitive interest in preschoolers in social and natural phenomena.

Speech direction is associated with the ability of preschoolers to build correct speech. Artistic and aesthetic development involves the acquaintance of children with musical and artistic works, the formation of fine motor skills during classes, the creation of conditions for the manifestation of individual creative characteristics.

In the socio-psychological section, it is assumed that schoolchildren will adapt to life in a classroom team, instilling communication skills in a child, and creating a favorable climate for development.

The physical direction implies the implementation of wellness procedures, sports activities, familiarity with the rules of safe behavior.

Targets

The new standards rule out endless final and intermediate assessments of knowledge in preschool institutions. It is necessary to check not memorized facts, but to assess the psychological readiness of a preschooler for subsequent schooling. That is why the GEF guidelines for preschool educational institutions were formulated, which make it possible to determine the child's mood for entering the first grade.

The child should have a positive attitude towards himself, the people around him, the world. During his stay in the preschool educational institution, he must learn independence, initiative, get acquainted with the norms, rules, requirements of society. According to age characteristics, a preschooler should have formed speech skills, large and fine motor skills, developed observation and curiosity.

GEF at school

In connection with the significant changes that have taken place in society, it became necessary to modernize Russian education. First, the second generation standards were introduced at the primary level of education in order to ensure continuity with preschool educational institutions.

The Federal State Educational Standard is the basis by which every Russian student has a real chance to gradually move along individual educational trajectories, gaining new knowledge, practical skills and abilities.

Innovation Feature

After the introduction of state standards of the second generation at the middle and senior levels of education, teachers have a real guideline for the development of educational programs, training courses, independent and control work. In addition, the Federal State Educational Standard makes it possible to control the observance of the legislative framework of the Russian Federation by state educational institutions, to conduct intermediate and final assessments of students in schools.

Methodological basis

The new standard has become the basis for internal monitoring of the quality of Russian education. Thanks to the updated standards, retraining, training, and advanced training of employees of the education system are carried out. Federal law has established that each standard must have three main types of requirements. First of all, these are certain requirements for the structure of the educational program: the volume, the ratio of the mandatory and optional parts.

GEF pays special attention to the conditions created for the successful implementation of the educational process: financial, personnel, technical equipment.

Educational standards of the second generation include the result of learning in each academic discipline included in the mandatory minimum of Russian education.

Conclusion

The Federal State Educational Standard is aimed at forming in the younger generation a sense of patriotism, pride in their country. If in the classical educational system attention was paid only to the formation of theoretical knowledge, the mechanical transfer of information from the teacher to the child, then in the updated standard, special attention is paid to the development of a harmonious personality of the student.

In addition to educational activities, extracurricular work with the younger generation is highlighted separately. The Federal State Educational Standard allows to increase the number of school circles, sections, research and project clubs, to involve children in active extracurricular work.

Despite the fact that the updated standards caused a huge resonance among teachers, they have already demonstrated their viability and timeliness. The main resistance to the introduction of second-generation standards into preschool and school institutions was provided by experienced teachers who did not want to change their authoritarian teaching system and introduce new educational and educational methods.

Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education

Appendix

I. General provisions

1. The Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (hereinafter referred to as the Standard) is a set of requirements that are mandatory for the implementation of the main educational program of primary general education by educational institutions with state accreditation.1

The standard includes the requirements:

to the results of mastering the main educational program of primary general education;

to the structure of the main educational program of primary general education, including the requirements for the ratio of parts of the main educational program and their volume, as well as the ratio of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in the educational process;

to the conditions for the implementation of the main educational program of primary general education, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions.

The requirements for the results, structure and conditions for mastering the main educational program of primary general education take into account the age and individual characteristics of students at the stage of primary general education, the inherent value of the stage of primary general education as the foundation of all subsequent education.

2. The standard takes into account the educational needs of children with disabilities.2

3. The standard is the basis for an objective assessment of the level of education of students at the level of primary general education.

4. The standard term for mastering the basic educational program of primary general education is four years.3

5. The standard has been developed taking into account the regional, national and ethno-cultural needs of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

6. The standard aims to provide:

equal opportunities to receive quality primary general education;

spiritual and moral development and education of students at the stage of primary general education, the formation of their civic identity as the basis for the development of civil society;

continuity of the main educational programs of preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general, primary vocational, secondary vocational and higher vocational education;

preservation and development of cultural diversity and linguistic heritage of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, the right to learn their native language, the possibility of obtaining primary general education in their native language, mastering the spiritual values ​​and culture of the multinational people of Russia;

the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation in the context of the diversity of educational systems and types of educational institutions;

democratization of education and all educational activities, including through the development of forms of state and public administration, expanding opportunities for exercising the right of teaching staff to choose teaching and upbringing methods, methods for assessing the knowledge of students, pupils, using various forms of educational activities of students, developing the culture of the educational environment of the educational institutions;

formation of a criteria-based assessment of the results of mastering by students of the basic educational program of primary general education, the activities of teachers, educational institutions, the functioning of the education system as a whole;

conditions for the effective implementation and development by students of the main educational program of primary general education, including the provision of conditions for the individual development of all students, especially those who are most in need of special learning conditions - gifted children and children with disabilities.

7. The Standard is based on a system-activity approach, which involves:

education and development of personality traits that meet the requirements of the information society, innovative economy, the tasks of building a democratic civil society based on tolerance, dialogue of cultures and respect for the multinational, multicultural and multi-confessional composition of Russian society;

transition to a strategy of social design and construction in the education system based on the development of the content and technologies of education that determine the ways and means of achieving the socially desired level (result) of the personal and cognitive development of students;

orientation to the results of education as a backbone component of the Standard, where the development of the student's personality on the basis of the assimilation of universal educational activities, knowledge and development of the world is the goal and main result of education;

recognition of the decisive role of the content of education, ways of organizing educational activities and the interaction of participants in the educational process in achieving the goals of personal, social and cognitive development of students;

taking into account the individual age, psychological and physiological characteristics of students, the role and significance of activities and forms of communication to determine the goals of education and upbringing and ways to achieve them;

ensuring the continuity of preschool, primary general, basic and secondary (complete) general education;

a variety of organizational forms and taking into account the individual characteristics of each student (including gifted children and children with disabilities), ensuring the growth of creative potential, cognitive motives, enrichment of forms of interaction with peers and adults in cognitive activity;

guaranteeing the achievement of the planned results of mastering the basic educational program of primary general education, which creates the basis for the independent successful assimilation of new knowledge, skills, competencies, types and methods of activity by students.

8. In accordance with the Standard at the level of primary general education, the following is carried out:

formation of the foundations of civic identity and worldview of students;

the formation of the foundations of the ability to learn and the ability to organize one's activities - the ability to accept, maintain goals and follow them in educational activities, plan one's activities, monitor and evaluate them, interact with the teacher and peers in the educational process;

spiritual and moral development and education of students, providing for the adoption by them of moral standards, moral attitudes, national values;

strengthening the physical and spiritual health of students.

The standard is focused on the formation of personal characteristics of the graduate ("portrait of a primary school graduate") :

loving his people, his land and his homeland;

respecting and accepting the values ​​of the family and society;

inquisitive, actively and interestedly knowing the world;

possessing the basics of the ability to learn, capable of organizing their own activities;

ready to act independently and be responsible for their actions to the family and society;

benevolent, able to listen and hear the interlocutor, justify his position, express his opinion;

following the rules of a healthy and safe lifestyle for yourself and others.

State standard of general education

State standard of general education- part of the state educational standards, norms and requirements that determine the mandatory minimum content of the main educational programs of general education, the maximum volume of the teaching load of students, the level of training of graduates of educational institutions, as well as the basic requirements for ensuring the educational process (including its material and technical, educational and laboratory, information and methodological, staffing).

The purpose of the state standard of general education is to provide:

• equal opportunities for all citizens to receive quality education;
• unity of the educational space in the Russian Federation;
• protecting students from overload and maintaining their mental and physical health;
• continuity of educational programs at different levels of general education, the possibility of obtaining professional education;
• social security of students;
• social and professional security of teaching staff;
• the rights of citizens to receive complete and reliable information about state norms and requirements for the content of general education and the level of training of graduates of educational institutions;
• the basis for calculating federal standards for financial costs for the provision of services in the field of general education, as well as for distinguishing between educational services in the field of general education financed from the budget and at the expense of the consumer, and for determining the requirements for educational institutions that implement the state standard of general education .

The state guarantees the general availability and free of charge of general education in educational institutions within the limits determined by the state standard of general education.

The state standard of general education is the basis for:

• development of the federal basic curriculum, educational programs for primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education, basic curricula of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, curricula of educational institutions, exemplary programs in academic subjects;
• objective assessment of the level of training of graduates of educational institutions;
• objective assessment of the activities of educational institutions;
• determining the volume of budget financing of educational services, the provision of which to citizens on a gratuitous basis is guaranteed by the state throughout the territory of the Russian Federation;
• establishing the equivalence (nostrification) of documents on general education on the territory of the Russian Federation;
• establishment of federal requirements for educational institutions in terms of the equipment of the educational process, the equipment of educational premises.

The state standard of general education of the first generation included three components:

• the federal component - is established by the Russian Federation (at least 75 percent of the total standard time allocated for the development of educational programs of general education is allocated);
• regional (national-regional) component - is established by the subject of the Russian Federation (at least 10 percent of the total standard time allocated for the development of educational programs of general education is allocated);
• component of the educational institution - independently established by the educational institution (at least 10 percent of the total standard time allocated for the development of educational programs of general education is allocated).

Since 2001, when the experiment on the transition to 12-year education was started, the 4th component was introduced - the student component: consultations, motor classes, etc. But they do not relate to the maximum educational load, therefore they are optional for students.

The order on the approval of the federal state educational standard (FSES) of secondary (complete) general education was signed before the resignation by the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation A.A. Fursenko on May 17, 2012 and registered with the Russian Ministry of Justice on June 7, 2012.

A detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the standard, as well as the history of the adoption of the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standard for primary, secondary and high schools is given in the article. High School Educational Standard: Achievement or Disaster?