Council of Ministers of the Soviet Republic
@Council of People's Commissars
Cabinet of Ministers
Military Revolutionary Committee
276. In the first weeks after the Bolsheviks took power in October 1917,
party was banned
Mensheviks
right SRs
left SRs
277. In preparation for the overthrow of the Provisional Government, the Bolsheviks (specify
incorrect unswer):
developed a detailed plan for an armed uprising
formed and armed the Red Guard detachments
put the regiments of the Petrograd garrison on alert and
revolutionary ships of the Baltic Fleet
They were recalled from the front and sent to Petrograd III cavalry corps and "wild
division"
appeal "To the citizens of Russia" announced:
about the beginning of the armed uprising
@about the overthrow of the Provisional Government
about the beginning of the German offensive on Petrograd
on the postponement of the armed uprising for an indefinite period
279. Support the Provisional Government when it
democratic politics and criticize when it doesn't
urged:
@Mensheviks
Bolsheviks
280. Protect the revolution, hand over the land to those who work it,
to support the fair demands of the workers contained in 1917
program:
Octobrists
Mensheviks
281. The first part of the action program proposed by V.I. Lenin
Bolsheviks in April 1917, was the slogan "All power to the Soviets", and the second:
"Long live the World Revolution!"
“Land to the peasants, factories to the workers!”
"Turn the imperialist war into a civil war!"
@“No support for the Provisional Government!”
282. The main role in the defeat of the Kornilov rebellion was played (lo):
Democratic Conference in Moscow, which did not approve the general
Kornilov dictator
The provisional government headed by A.F. Kerensky, who issued a decree on
Kornilov's arrest
@ Bolsheviks who called on the people to defend the revolution
Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks who condemned the coup attempt
283. What crisis of the Provisional Government was associated with the note
P.N. Milyukov to the allies, confirming military obligations
Russia:
august
October
@April
June
the consignment:
Mensheviks
Bolsheviks
285. After returning from emigration, V.I. Lenin in the "April Theses"
launched a fundamentally new course for:
overthrow of autocracy
@the outgrowth of the bourgeois-democratic revolution into
socialist
continuation of the bourgeois-democratic revolution
conditional support of the Provisional Government
286. During the negotiations in Brest-Litovsk, the position “neither war nor peace, but
we are disbanding the army,” the head of the Soviet delegation took it:
IN AND. Lenin
I.V. Stalin
@L.D. Trotsky
V.M. Molotov
287. The civil war in Russia began with:
from a demonstration in Petrograd in support of the Constituent Assembly
with the creation of the Red Army
@ from the speech of the Czechoslovak corps and the Committee of members of the Constituent
meetings
from the assassination attempt on the Predsovnarkom V.I. Lenin
288. The peace treaty between Russia and Germany during the First World War was
signed (month, year):
December 1917
@March 1918
November 1918
January 1920
289. As a result of the Civil War in Russia:
@ Soviet power was established everywhere
the power of the Constituent Assembly was finally established
power passed to the Provisional Government
institutions of state power were completely destroyed
290. The first Soviet constitution was adopted in (year):
291. According to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918, Soviet Russia lost territories:
@Poland, Lithuania, part of Latvia and part of Belarus
Central Asia
Far East
292. The policy of "war communism" was characterized by:
the introduction of a tax in kind, freedom of trade, permission to lease land and
hiring labor
@introduction of surplus appropriation, prohibition of freedom of trade, prohibition of land lease
and recruitment of labor force, naturalization of wages
permission of concessions, restoration of market relations
strengthening the commodity-money exchange between the city and the countryside
293. The Constituent Assembly was dissolved by the Bolsheviks following the next
reason
"tired" guard of the Tauride Palace
it refused to recognize the decrees of the Soviet government
@it represented only a small part of the population
its Bolshevik members were busy working in the Council of People's Commissars
294. The political situation in the Russian countryside at the end of the Civil
war is characterized by:
increase in labor productivity in agriculture
@growth of anti-government protests by peasants
the transfer of land into private ownership of the peasants
massive attraction of foreign investment
295. The largest uprising against the dictatorship
Bolsheviks in the 1920s. appeared (was):
Sevastopol uprising
@Kronstadt uprising
Kornilov rebellion
Odessa uprising
296. Prodrazverstka is:
the duty of the peasants to sow and grow the necessary
@ the duty of the peasants to hand over to the state all surplus grain and other
agricultural products
the duty of the peasants to provide the army with horses and fodder
the obligation of peasants to repair bridges and roads located in their
297. The decision of the Tenth Congress
RCP(b):
@ about replacing the surplus with the tax in kind
on the prohibition of trade
on the abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade
on the deprivatization of industrial enterprises
298. The USSR was formed (day, month, year):
299. Golden chervonets, introduced in the USSR under the reform of the 1920s. represented
yourself:
commemorative coin for the 10th anniversary of the revolution
@ hard currency backed by gold
pre-revolutionary banknote, returned to circulation
monetary unit accepted for circulation by the countries of the League of Nations
300. V.I. Lenin considered rivalry to be the main danger for the party:
Kamenev and Zinoviev
Kamenev and Trotsky
@ Trotsky and Stalin
Stalin and Bukharin
301. Participants in the Kronstadt uprising of 1921 acted under the slogan
"Power to the soldiers' and sailors' committees!"
"Power to the Committees of the Poor!"
@“Power to the Soviets, not to parties!”
"Power to the Constituent Assembly!"
302. During the period of the NEP in the village there was an increase in farms
@ middle peasants
the poor
farmers
303. Incompatible with the NEP is:
replacement of food surplus with tax in kind
introduction of the "hard" ruble into the money circulation
@ equal pay
the existence of various forms of ownership and market relations
304. The main contradiction of the NEP policy is:
@in combination of socialist power and market economy
in the socialist development of the countryside and the bourgeois development of the city
in the simultaneous existence of state and feudal
sectors in the economy
in the predominance of machine labor in the agricultural sector
305. On the issue of the creation of the USSR, V.I. Lenin advocated:
@principle of autonomy
principle of confederation
federation principle
principle of nationalization
306. When discussing the issue of creating the Union of the SSR, I.V. Stalin suggested:
confederate plan
federation plan
@autonomy plan
plan for the unification of language groups
307. The USSR initially included:
Russia, Belarus, Ukraine
Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia
@ RSFSR, BSSR, Ukrainian SSR, ZSFSR
Russia, Estonia, Georgia, Moldova
308. At the Genoa International Conference, the question of (about):
rejection of war as an instrument of national policy
@ conditions of political recognition of the Soviet state by countries
limitation of naval armaments
fate of the Comintern
309. The main task of the foreign policy of the Soviet state at the beginning
1920s It was):
@exit from the economic and political blockade
the conclusion of a military alliance with leading European countries
return of territories lost during the civil war
strengthening good neighborly relations with China
310. During the years of the NEP, private capital reached its greatest distribution:
in heavy industry
in education
banking system
@in trade
311. I.A. Bunin, F.I. Chaliapin, S.V. Rakhmaninov are:
figures of Russian culture who supported the Bolsheviks
@workers of Russian culture who ended up in exile
Proletcult leaders
laureates of the Stalin Prize
312. Establish a correspondence between the stages of the civil war and their
1) the end of May - November 1918
3) spring - the end of 1919
A) the defeat of P.N. Wrangel in the Crimea
B) the fight against the "democratic counter-revolution"
313. Establish a correspondence between surnames and activities
historical persons:
1) A.S.Antonov
2) L.D. Trotsky
3) F.E. Dzerzhinsky
A) led the peasant uprising in the Tambov province
B) headed the Cheka
C) was during the Civil War the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council
Republic
314. The beginning of the "streak of diplomatic recognition" of the USSR was the period:
315. Establish a correspondence between the stages of the civil war and their
1) spring - the end of 1919
A) the liberation of the Far East from the invaders
B) hostilities with Poland
C) the fight against the army of A.V. Kolchak
316. The measure of the new economic policy (NEP) was (moose, was):
@leasing of medium and small enterprises
creation of monopoly associations
ban on private trade in manufactured products
introduction of the golden ruble
317. Establish a correspondence between activities and surnames
commanders of the White Army during the Civil War:
1) commanded the Volunteer Army, gave the directive and offensive
to Moscow
2) commanded the troops of the south of Russia in the Crimea
3) led the offensive against Petrograd
A) A.I. Denikin
B) P.N. Wrangel
B) N.N. Yudenich
318. The policy of the Soviet government since the late 1920s, aimed at
the transformation of the country into an industrial power, was called:
collectivization
@industrialization
cultural revolution
privatization
319. One of the results of collectivization is:
issuance of new passports to peasants
@destruction of the economic independence of peasant farms
weakening state control over agriculture
creation of the Ministry of Agriculture
320. Socio-economic policy of the Soviet government in the countryside,
implying the confiscation of property and the expulsion of wealthy
peasants:
@dispossession
secularization
denomination
recruiting
321. Domestic political development of the USSR in the early 1930s. characterized by:
political pluralism
@tightening political control and a series of repressive measures
change of political leader in the country
introduction of a new electoral system
322. The first five-year plan was adopted in (year):
323. One of the main objectives of the first five-year plan:
overtake the US in industrial output
@ turn the USSR into an industrial-agrarian country
move to a market economy
create a mortgage
324. First five-year plan:
was overfulfilled
was declared unfeasible
@was incomplete
was a failure
325. The first five-year plans and the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 were adopted in
period of government
V.I. Lenin
@ I.V. Stalin
M.I. Kalinin
L.D. Trotsky
326. The essence of the confessional policy of the Soviet government in the early 1930s
entered into an alliance with the main religious denominations in the country
completely ignored the existence of the church
were engaged in the reconstruction of places of worship destroyed during the years
civil war
@pursued a policy of separation of church and state
327. To the main characteristics of the Soviet school in the early 1930s.
applies to:
@ unified education system
lack of ideological pressure from the state
use of pre-revolutionary models of education
strengthening the national component in educational programs
328. One of the famous heroes of the five-year plans, whose last name was
movement of production leaders, was:
A.M.Matrosov
@A.G. Stakhanov
V.I. Chapaev
G.K. Zhukov
329. The Constitution of 1936 legally fixed:
@building the foundations of socialism
building developed socialism
building a democratic rule of law
building the scientific and technical base of communism
330. The most important goal of the industrialization policy in the USSR was:
@ the transformation of the USSR from a country importing machinery and equipment into
the country that produces them
transformation of the USSR into a country with a liberal market economy
creation of chambers of commerce and industry in major cities of the USSR
decentralization in the system of distribution of raw materials, labor and
manufactured products
331. The command-administrative system assumed:
@centralization of the leadership of the economic, socio-political and
cultural life of the country, the strengthening of the repressive system
the gradual weakening of the role of party governing bodies in
economic sphere
nomination to the highest leadership positions in the military party
Red Army
transfer of the most important economic regions of the country to the military
position
332. Murder of S.M. Kirov in 1934 was the reason for:
beginning of mass collectivization
curtailment of the NEP
@beginning of a wave of political repression
breaking off diplomatic relations with England
333. To the causes of the world crisis of the late 1920s - early
1930s applies to:
@unfair conditions of the Versailles system and unevenness
economic development of the countries of the world
creation of a bipolar model of international relations
collapse of the colonial system
energy crisis
334. The entry of the USSR into the League of Nations and military clashes with Japan near the lake
Hassan refer to (decade):
335. Cultural revolution is:
@ the process of raising the cultural and technical level of workers and peasants and
training of domestic specialists
a dramatic change in styles in the visual arts
transition from an industrial civilization to a post-industrial one
revolution, where the main driving force is creative
intelligentsia
336. The first task of the cultural revolution in our country was:
reconstruction of religious buildings
@ elimination of illiteracy and illiteracy among the population
introduction into the process of education of subjects studied in foreign
destruction of architectural monuments of palace architecture
337. The main task of Proletcult was:
@creating a new proletarian culture
preservation of all old cultural heritage
establishing cultural ties with Europe
mass construction of monuments to cultural figures
338. The first people's commissar of education was appointed
I.V. Stalin
Ya.M. Sverdlov
@A.V. Lunacharsky
M.I. Kalinin
339. L.M. Kaganovich, V.M. Molotov, L.L. Beria is:
proletarian cultists
members of the Provisional Government
@party and statesmen who made up Stalin's entourage
economists
340. A.M. Gorky, D.D. Shostakovich, S.M. Eisenstein is:
figures of Russian culture who ended up in exile
@outstanding figures of Soviet culture
Nobel laureates
repressed public figures
341. The most important reasons for the accelerated industrialization in the USSR were
(indicate the wrong answer):
existing enterprises were not enough, and their equipment was worn out
and obsolete
many advanced industries were missing
there was no modern military-industrial complex capable of
secure the country's defense
@ there was no need for accelerated industrialization, these are political
ambitions of I.V. Stalin
342. In the "Shakhty case" of 1928, old specialists were accused of (specify
incorrect unswer):
in an attempt to disorganize coal mining, disrupt industrialization,
weaken the country's defenses
in deliberately improper development of mines, construction of factories and
power plants
@ in deliberately high salaries of specialists who transferred money
foreign intelligence
in violation of labor protection laws and deliberate delay in issuing
workers' wages
343. Decisive attack of the Soviet power on the kulaks
provided for (indicate the wrong answer):
transition to a more consistent income progressive
taxation of wealthy strata
further restriction in the supply of kulak farms
machines
reduction in land leased to the kulaks, and
termination of their allocation to farms
@Giving the right to farm laborers to build their own relations with the kulaks
344. " New Opposition" at the XIV Congress of the CPSU (b) in 1925 (indicate the wrong
answer):
The Soviet economy was portrayed as state capitalist, entirely
dependent on the elements of the external market
called for the national economy to be oriented towards
development of agricultural exports and import of industrial products
insisted on the abolition of the monopoly of foreign trade
@ asserted that she believed in the Leninist plan for cooperating in agriculture
economy and the possibility of building socialism in the USSR
The first Soviet government was called
Two prerequisites for the establishment in October 1917 ᴦ. new political and socio-economic system was ...
Indicate the correct correspondence between the date and the event of the first years of Soviet power...
Indicate the correct chronological sequence of the events of October 1917 ᴦ.
USSR in 1917-1953.
The growth of Russia's economic difficulties during World War I was facilitated by (a, o) ...
a. loss of western provinces in 1915 ᴦ.;
b. the defensive position of most political parties;
in. the murder of G. Rasputin;
ᴦ. the transition of the German command to the defense from the end of 1916 ᴦ.
29. The two causes of the February Revolution were ...
a. the introduction of punitive troops into Petrograd;
b. growing national crisis, inflation, unemployment;
in. abdication of Nicholas II from the throne;
ᴦ. a sharp deterioration in the food supply of the capital, the introduction of cards.
30. The consequences of the February Revolution include:
a. liquidation of the monarchy;
b. transfer of land to peasants;
in. Russia's withdrawal from the World War;
ᴦ. establishment of workers' control in factories and plants.
31. The first chairman of the Provisional Government was:
a. G.E. Lviv;
b. A.I. Guchkov;
in. M.V. Rodzianko;
ᴦ. A.F. Kerensky.
32. The period of the simultaneous existence of two types of state power from March to July 1917 ᴦ. got the name...
a. dual power;
b. dictatorship;
in. ʼʼpolice socialismʼʼ;
ᴦ. Civil War.
33. Russia was proclaimed a republic...
34. The composition of the first composition of the Provisional Government included mainly representatives (eliminate the superfluous):
a. socialist parties;
b. liberal parties;
in. anarchist
ᴦ. monarchist parties.
35. Arrange in chronological order the events that characterized the internal political situation in Russia in March - October 1917 ᴦ .:
a. creation of the 1st coalition Provisional Government;
b. holding the 1st All-Russian Congress of Soviets;
in. declaration of Russia as a republic;
ᴦ. Kornilov rebellion;
e. end of dual power;
e. note of the Minister of Foreign Affairs P.N. Milyukov to the allies about the continuation of the war until victory.
36. Mutiny of the General, Supreme Commander, in August 1917 ᴦ. who moved troops to Petrograd in order to establish a military dictatorship, went down in history as ...
a. ʼʼKornilovismʼʼ;
b. ʼʼantonovismʼʼ;
in. ʼʼArakcheevshchinaʼʼ.
ᴦ. ʼʼZubatovshchinaʼʼ;
37. Set the chronology of events 1917 ᴦ.:
a. abdication of Nicholas II from the throne;
b. Kornilov rebellion;
in. July crisis of the Provisional Government.
Answer: 1) abc; 2) avb;.3) bav; 4) vba; 5) bwa; 6) wab.
a. the beginning of an armed uprising in Petrograd;
b. opening of the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets;
in. adoption of the ʼʼDecree on Peaceʼʼ.
2. transfer of the capital to Moscow;
3. convocation of the Constituent Assembly.
a. October 1917 ᴦ.;
b. March 1918 ᴦ.;
in. January 1918 ᴦ.
a. a sharp gap in the standard of living between the top and bottom of society;
b. encouragement by the state of individualism;
in. complete democratization of Russian society;
ᴦ. a sharp gap in living standards between the top and bottom of society.
4. The system of procurement of agricultural products in the Soviet state during the civil war was called ...
a. state loan;
b. tax in kind;
in. surplus appropriation;
ᴦ. cooperation.
a. Provisional Government;
b. Council of People's Commissars;
in. National Economy Council;
ᴦ. Council of Ministers.
6. Military and statesman of Russia, from August 1917 ᴦ. head of the Russian naval mission in the United States, from November 1918 ᴦ. declared himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia:
a. A.V. Kolchak;
b. A.I. Denikin;
in. L.G. Kornilov;
ᴦ. A.M. Kaledin.
7. Indicate the correct correspondence between the date and the event of the first years of Soviet power ...
1. Brest peace;
2. adoption of the ʼʼDecree on Peaceʼʼ;
3. dispersal of the Constituent Assembly.
a. October 1917 ᴦ.;
b. January 1918ᴦ.;
in. March 1918ᴦ.
8. Among the listed events of the civil war, the last in time was:
a. the march of the troops of A. I. Denikin to Moscow;
b. breakthrough of the defense of P. N. Wrangel on the Perekop Isthmus;
in. rebellion of the Czechoslovak corps;
ᴦ. the campaign of the troops of A. V. Kolchak to Moscow.
The first Soviet government was called - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "The first Soviet government was called" 2017, 2018.
FORMATION OF THE SOVIET STATE 1917 - 1922
WORKSHEET 1
Read the documents below and complete the tasks in them.. Document 1
DECREE OF THE SECOND ALL-RUSSIAN CONGRESS OF SOVIETS ON THE FORMATION OF A WORKERS' AND PEASANTS' GOVERNMENT*
The All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies resolves:
To form for the administration of the country, until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly, a Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars. The management of individual branches of state life is entrusted to commissions, the composition of which should ensure the implementation of the program proclaimed by the congress, in close unity with the mass organizations of workers, working women, sailors, soldiers, peasants and employees. Government power belongs to the board of chairmen of these commissions, i.e. Council of People's Commissars.
Control over the activities of people's commissars and the right to remove them belongs to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies and its Central Executive Committee.
At present, the Council of People's Commissars is composed of the following persons: Chairman of the Council - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin).
People's Commissar for Internal Affairs - BUT.And. Rykov. Agriculture - AT.P. Milyutin.
Labor - BUT.G. Shlyapnikov.
For military and naval affairs - a committee consisting of: AT.BUT. Ovseenko (Antonov), H.AT. Krylenko and F.M. Dybenko. For trade and industry - AT.P. Nogin.
public education - BUT.AT. Lunacharsky. Finance - And.And. Skvortsov (Stepanov).
For foreign affairs L.D. Bronstein (Trotsky). Justice - G.And. Oppokov (Lomov).
For food - And.BUT. Teodorovich. Post and telegraph - H.P. Avilov (Glebov).
Chairman for Nationalities - And.AT. Dzhugashvili (Stalin).
The post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs remains temporarily unfilled.
Document 2
DECREE ON PEACE∗
The Workers' and Peasants' Government, created by the revolution of October 24-25 and relying on the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, proposes to all warring peoples and their governments to begin immediately negotiations for a just democratic peace.
A just or democratic peace, which the vast majority of the exhausted, exhausted and war-torn workers and laboring classes of all the belligerent countries yearn for - a peace that the Russian workers and peasants demanded in the most definite and persistent way after the overthrow of the tsarist monarchy - such a world the Government considers the immediate a world without annexations (that is, without the seizure of foreign lands, without the forcible annexation of foreign nationalities) and without indemnities.
Such a peace is proposed by the Government of Russia to be concluded immediately by all the belligerent peoples, expressing its readiness to take immediately, without the slightest delay, all decisive steps until the final approval of all the conditions for such a peace by the plenipotentiary assemblies of people's representatives of all countries and all nations.
According to the legal consciousness of democracy in general and of the working classes in particular, by the annexation, or seizure, of foreign lands, the Government understands any accession to a large or strong state by a small or weak nationality without the express, clear and voluntary consent and desire of this nationality, regardless of when it is forcible. the accession is made, also regardless of how advanced or backward the nation being forcibly annexed or forcibly retained within the borders of this state is. Finally, regardless of whether this nation lives in Europe or in distant overseas countries.
If any nation is held within the borders of a given state by violence, if, contrary to its expressed desire, it makes no difference whether this desire is expressed in the press, in popular meetings, in party decisions, or in indignations and uprisings against the national oppression - the right is not granted by free voting, with the complete withdrawal of the troops of the annexing or generally stronger nation, to decide without the slightest coercion the question of the forms of state existence of this nation, then its accession is an annexation, i.e. capture and violence.
To continue this war over how to divide the weak nationalities captured by them between strong and rich nations, the Government considers it the greatest crime against humanity and solemnly declares its determination to immediately sign the terms of peace ending this war on the specified, equally fair for all without the withdrawal of nationalities conditions.
At the same time, the Government declares that it by no means considers the above peace conditions to be an ultimatum; agrees to consider all other terms of peace, insisting only on the fastest possible proposal by any belligerent country and on complete clarity, on the unconditional exclusion of all ambiguity and all secrecy in the proposal of peace conditions.
The Government abolishes secret diplomacy, for its part, expressing its firm intention to conduct all negotiations completely openly before the whole people, proceeding immediately to the full publication of secret agreements confirmed or concluded by the government of landowners and capitalists from February to October 25, 1917. The entire content of these secret agreements Since it is aimed, as in most cases, at delivering benefits and privileges to the Russian landowners and capitalists, at keeping or increasing the annexations of the Great Russians, the Government declares unconditionally and immediately canceled.
Addressing the proposal to the governments and peoples of all countries to begin immediately open negotiations on the conclusion of peace, the Government, for its part, expresses its readiness to conduct these negotiations both through written communications, by telegraph, and through negotiations between representatives of different countries or at a conference such -th representatives. To facilitate such negotiations, the Government appoints its plenipotentiary to the neutral countries.
The government proposes to all the governments and peoples of all the belligerent countries to immediately conclude an armistice, and, for its part, considers it desirable that this armistice be concluded for no less than three months, i.e. for such a period during which it is quite possible both to complete peace negotiations with the participation of representatives of all, without exception, nationalities or nations drawn into the war or forced to participate in it, as well as to convene plenipotentiary assemblies of people's representatives of all countries for the final approval of the conditions peace.
In addressing this proposal of peace to the governments and peoples of all the belligerent countries, the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Russia also addresses in particular the class-conscious workers of the three most advanced nations of mankind and the largest states participating in the present war - England, France and Germany. The workers of these countries rendered the greatest service to the cause of progress and socialism, and the great examples of the Chartist movement in England, a series of revolutions of world-historical significance carried out by the French proletariat, finally, in the heroic struggle against the exclusive law in Germany and exemplary for the workers of the whole world long, persistent, disciplined work of creating mass proletarian organizations in Germany - all these examples of proletarian heroism and historical creativity serve us as a guarantee that the workers of these countries will understand the task now assigned to them of freeing mankind from the horrors of war and its consequences, that These workers, by their all-round decisive and selflessly energetic activity, will help us to successfully complete the cause of peace and, at the same time, the cause of the liberation of the toiling and exploited masses of the population from all slavery and all exploitation.
Signed by Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin)
Tasks
1. What was the name of the first Soviet government and why were its powers proclaimed temporary? 2. What state authorities determined the composition of the Soviet government?
3. What was understood by the Soviet government under the proposal « democratic world … without annexations and indemnities»?
4. What role did the Soviet government assign to the workers of the belligerent states in the immediate cessation of the war??
1. The first Soviet government was called Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. It was created temporarily until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly. After the death of Nicholas 2, the right to inherit passed to Mikhail Alexandrovich, who agreed to take power only after the popular elections for final power in the country. At the same time, the Soviets developed. As a result, dual power was established in the country.
2. Control over the activity of people's commissars and the right to remove them belongs to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies and its Central Executive Committee.
3. " those. without the seizure of foreign lands, without the forcible annexation of foreign nationalities) and without indemnities.
A large strong state has no right to annex a small and weak nationality, without the consent of the nationality itself, no matter how backward it is, no matter where it is located. The state has no right to determine the form of state existence of the nation, this accession is annexation.
4. Immediate conclusion of peace. The task is to liberate mankind from the horrors of war and its consequences, and by their vigorous activity the workers will help bring things to peace and free the working masses from all slavery and exploitation.
Document 3
ON THE SITUATION IN THE TAMBOV VILLAGE IN 1919–1920.∗
In case of refusal to give the food detachments "surplus" stocks, the peasants are arrested in droves, their property is confiscated - both from the rich and the middle ones. And even the poor. Such confiscations, allowing peasants around the world, take place in most districts of the Tambov province. Usually the soldiers force the peasants themselves to load the carts with grain, goods and utensils, agricultural implements, and the confiscated property is taken to the nearest provincial or county town, where both the cart and the horse are most often left, and the peasant returns home poor if he is not arrested.
In Kirsanovsky district... the following method of punishment of peasants is practiced: all their property is confiscated, adults are taken to forced labor camps, and children are taken to shelters. Encountering no resistance from the terrorized population, the representatives of the Soviet government in choosing punitive measures crossed the boundaries of everything human. In the winter of 1920, the provincial food commissar Goldin ordered that the peasants hand over potatoes no smaller than an egg to the workers, threatening that if they were smaller, the cart and horse that would deliver the crop would be confiscated. This decree was not just a threat: the horse and harness of Roman Molodtsov, a peasant in the village of Tokarevka, were confiscated for delivering small potatoes to the Tokarev warehouse. In Bolshe-Lipovetsky Uyezd, a peasant who refused to turn in his bread was buried up to his waist in the ground, and he was kept in this position until he agreed to part with his last bread.
Before Easter, the Tambov provincial food detachments received from Moscow, from the People's Commissariat of Food, a telegram with an order to send a carriage of geese to the Central Committee of the RCP (b) in Moscow. The order was executed. The Tambov Committee did exactly the same, and party members and their relatives received 30 poods of geese.
All this, of course, could not but arouse protest on the part of the peasantry. At first, these were requests and complaints to those commissars and bosses who seemed to them more just, to those who did injustice and excesses.
In response, however, a wave of repressions and terror rolled in, ultimately causing a peasant war (compared to which Razinism or Pugachevism look like child's play).
Document 4
FROM THE ORDER OF THE COMMANDER OF THE TROOPS OF THE TAMBOV PROVINCE M.N. TUKHACHEVSKY ON THE ACTIONS TO LIQUIDATE THE REBELLION∗
All the peasants of Soviet Russia took up field improvements in agriculture with a vengeance.
Only in the Tambov province, where the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, the party against the working class and the peasantry, has built a nest for itself, has banditry developed, which threatens to completely destroy the already ruined agriculture of the Tambov province ...
The workers' and peasants' government decided to eradicate the Socialist-Revolutionary gangs in the Tambov province as soon as possible by implementing the most decisive measures.
In pursuance of this, by order of the Plenipotentiary Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, I order:
1. The troops of the Tambov province with the reinforcements they received, quickly destroy the bandit gangs.
3. Families of bandits who did not appear should be strictly arrested, and property should be confiscated and distributed among peasants loyal to Soviet power.
Troop Commander Chief of the General Staff
Tukhachevsky Kakurin
Tasks
1. Characterize methods, which carried out surplus appraisal in the Tambov province. 2. What was the excess of their powers by workers of food detachments?
3. What, In your, became the cause of mass discontent of the peasants in the Tambov province?
4. What methods were used to suppress the peasant revolt of 1921 in the Tambov province?
1 .Confiscation of property from all segments of the population; In the Kirsanovsky district, all the property of the peasants is taken away, adults are taken to forced labor camps, and children are taken to shelters.
2. Due to the fact that the Soviet government did not meet any resistance among the population, they tightened punitive measures “In the winter of 1920, the provincial food commissar Goldin ordered that the peasants hand over potatoes no smaller than an egg to food workers, threatening that if it was smaller, a cart and a horse, who deliver the harvest will be confiscated. This decree was not just a threat: the horse and harness of Roman Molodtsov, a peasant in the village of Tokarevka, were confiscated for transporting small potatoes to the Tokarev warehouse. For not handing over the bread, the peasant was buried waist-deep in the ground.
3. the facts provided in the document about the excess of authority by the workers of the food detachments, about the bullying of the peasants, they say that the discontent of the peasants began to grow and ultimately caused a peasant war that cannot be compared with the Pugachevshchina.
4. storm suppression methods: 1. The troops of the Tambov province with the reinforcements they received, quickly destroy the bandit gangs.
2. All peasants who have joined gangs must immediately appear at the disposal of the Soviet government, hand over their weapons and hand over their leaders to be tried by a revolutionary military tribunal. Voluntarily surrendered bandits are not threatened with the death penalty.
3. Families of bandits who did not appear should be strictly arrested, and property should be confiscated and distributed among peasants loyal to Soviet power.
4. Arrested families, if the bandit does not appear and does not surrender, will be relocated to remote regions of the RSFSR. 5. Bandits who did not show up for surrender should be considered illegal.
6. Honest peasants should not allow the mobilization and formation of bandit gangs in the villages and report all gangs to the troops of the Red Army.
7. Without exception, to all military units of the Red Army to support the peasants and steadily protect them from the attack of bandits.
8. This order is the last warning before decisive action and will be enforced strictly and steadily.
WORKSHEET 2
Define the following terms and decipher the abbreviations.
food detachment- during the period of war communism (it is important to note that the first food detachments appeared in the summer of 1917, under the auspices of the Provisional Government) an armed detachment that participated in the food appraisal. The food detachments consisted mainly of workers, soldiers and sailors.
combo- Kindness Committee, an organ of Soviet power in rural areas during the years of "war communism". They were created by decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of June 11, 1918 and the Council of People's Commissars of August 6, 1918 with the aim of:
"War Communism"- the name of the internal policy of the Soviet state, carried out in 1918 - 1921. under the conditions of the Civil War. Its characteristic features were the extreme centralization of economic management, the nationalization of large, medium and even small industry (partially), the state monopoly on many agricultural products, the surplus appropriation, the prohibition of private trade, the curtailment of commodity-money relations, the equalization in the distribution of material wealth, the militarization of labor. Such a policy was consistent with the principles on the basis of which, according to the Marxists, a communist society should have arisen.
Labor mobilization –
Food dictatorship- the system of emergency measures of the Soviet government in 1918-21 for the organization of food supply (centralization of the procurement and distribution of food, the monopoly of the grain trade, the requisition of bread, food requisitioning, etc.). It was carried out by the People's Commissariat for Food and caused mass demonstrations of the peasantry. Canceled with the introduction of the New Economic Policy.
"Deprived"- the unofficial name of a citizen of the RSFSR, the USSR, in 1918-1936 deprived of voting rights in accordance with the Constitutions of the RSFSR of 1918 and 1925.
Prodrazverstka- in Russia, a system of state measures implemented during periods of military and economic crises, aimed at the implementation of procurement of agricultural products. The principle of surplus appropriation consisted in the obligatory delivery by producers to the state of an established ("deployed") norm of products at prices established by the state.
CHON- special purpose units, “communist squads”, “military party detachments”, created at factory party cells (party cells), district, city, county and provincial party committees on the basis of a resolution of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) dated April 17, 1919 to provide assistance to the organs of Soviet power in the fight against counter-revolution, guard duty at especially important objects, etc.
VOKhR- (troops of the internal security of the republic) - troops of the Cheka, OGPU, NKVD of the RSFSR (USSR), whose task was to guard and defend critical facilities, escort cargo, guard places of detention.
Cheka – All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (1917-1922). Formed on December 7 (20), 1917. It was liquidated with the transfer of powers to the State Political Directorate (GPU NKVD RSFSR) under the NKVD RSFSR on February 6, 1922. The Cheka was the body of the "dictatorship of the proletariat" to protect the state security of the RSFSR, "the leading body in the fight against counter-revolution throughout the country." The Cheka had territorial subdivisions for "fighting the counter-revolution on the ground."
WORKSHEET 3
Fill the table.
First Soviet government
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars IN AND. Lenin
Drug addicts and drug addicts
Names People's Commissars
Choose from the given solutions, action , sign , which characterize :
a) "emergency" b) "war communism"
1. Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the transformation of the Soviet Republic into a single military camp.
2. Mass terror as the physical destruction of opponents, intimidation of the population.
3. Introduction of combos.
4. Creation of the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense. 5. Refusal of terror against the masses.
6. Extraordinary bodies operating outside the law, using special powers and dictatorial methods.
7. Limiting the actions of the governing bodies within the framework of revolutionary legality.
Answer: a) 1 b) 6
Fill the table.
Two prerequisites for the establishment in October 1917 of a new political and socio-economic system were ...
Indicate the correct correspondence between the date and the event of the first years of Soviet power...
Indicate the correct chronological sequence of the events of October 1917.
USSR in 1917-1953
The growth of Russia's economic difficulties during World War I was facilitated by (a, o) ...
a. the loss of the western regions in 1915;
b. the defensive position of most political parties;
in. the murder of G. Rasputin;
the transition of the German command to the defense from the end of 1916
29. The two causes of the February Revolution were ...
a. the introduction of punitive troops into Petrograd;
b. growing national crisis, inflation, unemployment;
in. abdication of Nicholas II from the throne;
d. a sharp deterioration in the food supply of the capital, the introduction of cards.
30. The consequences of the February Revolution include:
a. liquidation of the monarchy;
b. transfer of land to peasants;
in. Russia's withdrawal from the World War;
d. the establishment of workers' control in factories and factories.
31. The first chairman of the Provisional Government was:
a. G.E. Lviv;
b. A.I. Guchkov;
in. M.V. Rodzianko;
Mr. A.F. Kerensky.
32. The period of the simultaneous existence of two types of state power from March to July 1917 was called ...
a. dual power;
b. dictatorship;
in. "police socialism";
d. civil war.
33. Russia was proclaimed a republic...
34. The composition of the first composition of the Provisional Government included mainly representatives (eliminate the superfluous):
a. socialist parties;
b. liberal parties;
in. anarchist
d. monarchist parties.
35. Arrange in chronological order the events that characterized the internal political situation in Russia in March - October 1917:
a. creation of the 1st coalition Provisional Government;
b. holding the 1st All-Russian Congress of Soviets;
in. declaration of Russia as a republic;
d. Kornilov rebellion;
e. end of dual power;
e. note of the Minister of Foreign Affairs P.N. Milyukov to the allies about the continuation of the war until victory.
36. The rebellion of the general, the Supreme Commander, who in August 1917 moved troops to Petrograd in order to establish a military dictatorship, went down in history as ...
a. "Kornilovism";
b. "Antonovshchina";
in. "Arakcheevism".
city "Zubatovshchina";
37. Set the chronology of events in 1917:
a. abdication of Nicholas II from the throne;
b. Kornilov rebellion;
in. July crisis of the Provisional Government.
Answer: 1) abc; 2) avb;.3) bav; 4) vba; 5) bwa; 6) wab.
a. the beginning of an armed uprising in Petrograd;
b. opening of the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets;
in. adoption of the Decree on Peace.
2. transfer of the capital to Moscow;
3. convocation of the Constituent Assembly.
a. October 1917;
b. March 1918;
in. January 1918
a. a sharp gap in the standard of living between the top and bottom of society;
b. encouragement by the state of individualism;
in. complete democratization of Russian society;
d. a sharp gap in the standard of living between the top and bottom of society.
4. The system of procurement of agricultural products in the Soviet state during the civil war was called ...
a. state loan;
b. tax in kind;
in. surplus appropriation;
d. cooperation.
a. Provisional Government;
b. Council of People's Commissars;
in. National Economy Council;
d. Council of Ministers.
6. Military and statesman of Russia, since August 1917, head of the Russian naval mission in the United States, since November 1918, declared himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia:
a. A.V. Kolchak;
b. A.I. Denikin;
in. L.G. Kornilov;
Mr. A.M.Kaledin.
7. Indicate the correct correspondence between the date and the event of the first years of Soviet power ...
1. Brest peace;
2. adoption of the "Decree on Peace";
3. dispersal of the Constituent Assembly.
a. October 1917;
b. January 1918;
in. March 1918
8. Among the listed events of the civil war, the last in time was:
a. the march of the troops of A. I. Denikin to Moscow;
b. breakthrough of the defense of P. N. Wrangel on the Perekop Isthmus;
in. rebellion of the Czechoslovak corps;
the campaign of the troops of A. V. Kolchak to Moscow.
