Shakhurin People's Commissar large Georgian 36. People's Commissars and Ministers of the Aviation Industry of the USSR

Alexey Ivanovich Shakhurin (February 12, 1904 (19040212) July 3, 1975 People's Commissar of the Aviation Industry (1940 1946), Hero of Socialist Labor, Colonel General of the Aviation Engineering Service. Biography In 1938 1939 he was the first secretary ... ... Wikipedia

Shakhurin Alexey Ivanovich Encyclopedia "Aviation"

Shakhurin Alexey Ivanovich- A. I. Shakhurin Shakhurin Alexei Ivanovich (1904-1975) - Soviet statesman, colonel general of the aviation engineering service (1944), Hero of Socialist Labor (1941). After graduating from the Moscow Engineering and Economic ... ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"

SHAKHURIN Alexey Ivanovich- (1904 75) politician, Hero of Socialist Labor (1941), colonel general of the aviation engineering service (1944). Since 1938, 1st secretary of the Yaroslavl, Gorky regional committees of the CPSU (b). In 1940, 46 People's Commissar, in 1953, 59 Deputy Minister ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Shakhurin Alexey Ivanovich- (25.2. 1904, the village of Mikhailovskoye, now the Moscow region, ‒ 3.7.1975, Moscow), Soviet statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor (1941), colonel general engineer (1944). Member of the CPSU since 1925. Born into a peasant family. Since 1921 a worker. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Shakhurin Alexey Ivanovich- (1904 1975) Soviet statesman, Colonel General of the Aviation Engineering Service (1944), Hero of Socialist Labor (1941). After graduating from the Moscow Engineering and Economics Institute (1932), he worked in the aviation industry ... Encyclopedia of technology

Shakhurin Alexey Ivanovich- (1904 1975), politician and statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor (1941), Colonel General of the Aviation Engineering Service (1944). Since 1938, 1st secretary of the Yaroslavl, Gorky regional committees of the CPSU (b). In 1940, 46 People's Commissar, in 1953, 59 ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Shakhurin, Alexei Ivanovich- (02/25/1904 1975) Soviet statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor, Colonel General of the Aviation Engineering Service. In 1940-1946 People's Commissar of the Aviation Industry of the USSR. In March 1946, together with A. A. Novikov, illegally ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia

Publisher's abstract: Aleksey Ivanovich Shakhurin - People's Commissar of the Aviation Industry of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. His reminiscences of both his activities in this post and the work of the country's aviation industry as a whole can clarify some issues of the air war on the eastern front.

Unexpected appointment

What was before

Before the war - a year and a half

Do everything to be on time

The hour of testing has come

To the East

Planes go to the front

Bigger and better

Life of aircraft manufacturers

Battle tested

Notes

Unexpected appointment

Appointment as People's Commissar of the aviation industry, with which I would like to begin my reminiscences, was a complete surprise to me. In early January 1940, Gorky, where I worked as secretary of the regional party committee, received a call from the Central Committee. I was asked one question:

Comrade Shakhurin, can you leave for Moscow today?

I replied that a session of the regional Soviet of Working People's Deputies was underway, I was chairing it, and it would last all of today, and possibly even tomorrow.

Then, Comrade Shakhurin, they told me, explain to your comrades that you are urgently summoned to the Central Committee.

Is there a way to leave immediately?

The train leaves in two hours.

Then leave.

From my experience as secretary of the regional committee in Yaroslavl and Gorky, I knew that if they didn’t say why they were summoned, then there was no point in finding out. However, without asking the caller about anything, I thought: "How can I explain this completely unexpected challenge? What should I prepare for?" I began to sort through in my mind what questions might cause discontent, which ones might be of particular interest to the Central Committee, and did not find an answer. On the whole, things were going well; in my opinion, there were no problems that required urgent discussion or solution.

I called home and said that I was urgently going to Moscow. Then he began to select materials that might be needed for various kinds of references.

Very well, they told me, stay here. If in

Wings of victory departments you have any business, take care of them, but so that we know where you are, and at any moment we can find you.

Nothing is clear. This means that the issue on which I was summoned will not be decided here or here, only at another time. Why then was the call so urgent? I went into one department, then another, talked with my comrades about various matters, but the thought of why they had been summoned did not give me rest. It went on like this for almost the whole day. Finally, at about five o'clock, I was told that I had to go to the Kremlin to see Comrade Stalin.

The path from Staraya Square to the Kremlin, where Stalin worked, is short, but it is not difficult to imagine how many thoughts flashed through my head in those short minutes.

The car dived through the gates of the Spasskaya Tower, and we drove up to the building we needed. We went up to the second floor and entered the reception room. We were already expected and without delay led to the office. It was a long room, in which stood a large table covered with blue cloth with chairs drawn up, and a little further away a desk and a table with telephone sets. In the office were Stalin, Molotov, Voroshilov and other members of the Politburo. Everyone except Stalin, who was walking around the room, was sitting.

Stalin invited us to sit down and continued walking in silence for some time. Then he stopped next to me and said:

We want to appoint you People's Commissar of the Aviation Industry. We need fresh people, good organizers and those who also know the aviation business. How do you look at it?

The offer was unexpected. I didn't know what to say. Answered: I can hardly cope with this matter. Moreover, I am new to Gorky, it is interesting to work there, there are many plans for the future that I would like to implement.

Look at what area you are in charge of and you can handle it here, ”Voroshilov remarked good-naturedly.

Molotov asked me to clarify where I had worked before, he was especially interested in working at the Air Force Academy. More questions were asked. At this time, his secretary Poskrebyshev approached Stalin and reported something. Stalin said:

Let it come!

Poskrebyshev left and returned with a young man in military uniform. Addressing me, Stalin asked:

do you know each other?

No, I replied.

Then get acquainted. This is designer Yakovlev. And pointed to me:

And this is the new people's commissar of the aviation industry, Comrade Shakhurin.

I realized that the issue of my appointment was resolved. Stalin asked me:

How old are you?

Thirty-five, I replied.

Well, you see, - he threw Yakovlev. - What a young people's commissar you have. This is good.

I noticed that with the advent of Yakovlev, Stalin had a jocular tone. Before that, as it seemed to me, there were notes of doubt and concern in his voice.

Approaching me again, Stalin said:

Comrade Yakovlev will be your deputy for experimental aircraft construction. We'll talk about other deputies later, but now tell me, whom would you recommend as the secretary of the regional committee in Gorky instead of yourself?

I named the chairman of the regional executive committee, Mikhail Ivanovich Rodionov, who had previously worked as the third secretary of the regional committee and was engaged in agriculture in the region.

I know him well.

And he described Mikhail Ivanovich. Native Gorky. A teacher by education. For a long time he worked as a secretary of the district committee, he knows people well. He enjoys their trust and authority. In a word, in all respects the person for this work is the most suitable.

And I was not mistaken. Throughout the war, Mikhail Ivanovich was the secretary of the regional committee, and a good secretary, and after the war he headed the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR (1).

The conversation came to an end. I asked permission to go to Gorky to hand over the cases. Stalin hesitated a bit, and then said that this was unlikely to be done:

Cases need to be transferred in Moscow. The work that awaits you is urgent. Anyone who needs to be invited here. And we will send a representative of the Central Committee to Gorky, who will report to the regional committee on the decision taken. You don't have to waste a day or an hour.

Born on February 12, 1904 in the village of Mikhailovskoye, Podolsky district, Moscow province (now the Moscow region). The son of a peasant.

From 1919 he worked as an electrician in Podolsk, from 1921 as a milling machine operator at the Manometr plant in Moscow. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1925. In 1925 he was transferred to Komsomol work - secretary of the Bauman district committee of the Komsomol of the city of Moscow, then worked in the People's Commissariat of Trade of the RSFSR.

Graduated from the Moscow Engineering and Economic Institute in 1932. Since 1933 in military service. In 1933-1938 he served in the research and training department of the N. E. Zhukovsky Air Force Academy. Since February 1938, the party organizer at the plant of the People's Commissariat of the aviation industry.

1937Shakhurin Alexey Ivanovich

In 1938-1939 he was the first secretary of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. He normalized the socio-political situation in the region, established party work after mass repressions.

In 1939-1940 he was the first secretary of the Gorky Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

In 1940-1946, the People's Commissar of the Aviation Industry. Summer

1941 Shakhurin Alexey Ivanovich

November 7, 1941 Kalinin, Voroshilov, Andreev, the new commander of the district troops, General A. Kalinin and many others, incl. and A.I. Shakhurin, were present at the parade of troops in Kuibyshev. The ground parade was commanded by M.M. Popov is the commander of the 61st Army, which was soon transferred to Moscow. An air parade was also held, in which 600 aircraft participated. They were commanded by Colonel V.A. Sudets (future Air Marshal, Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces).

Stalin's speech on the evening of November 6 and the broadcast of the parade from Moscow inspired people, and, despite inhuman working conditions and a half-starved existence in the literal sense under the open sky of the Urals and Siberia, by January 1942 they began mass production of aircraft.

On January 7, 1942, Shakhurin received a call from Siberia and loud words were said: “Accept, Motherland, the first Zaporozhye engine on Siberian soil!” Hearing these words, Alexei Ivanovich, far from a sentimental person, felt a spasm in his throat.

Workers of the defense industry in the editorial office of the newspaper "Pravda". Sitting (from left to right): I.I. Ivanov, B.L. Vannikov, N.N. Polikarpov, D.F. Ustinov, S.V. Ilyushin, B.G. Spiral. A.I. is standing fourth from the right. Shakhurin. October 1942.

SHAKHURIN Alexey Ivanovich (12 (25) February 1904,with. Mikhailovskoye, Moscow province - July 3, 1975, Moscow) - First Secretary of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee and City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks from June 1938 to January 1939.

AI Shakhurin was born into a peasant family. From 1917 he was an apprentice electrician, in 1919-1921. worked as an electrician in the Podolsky city department of public utilities, since 1921 - as a milling machine operator at the Manometer plant in Moscow.

In 1925 he joined the Communist Party. In 1925-1927. was the head of the political and educational department, secretary of the Bauman district committee of the Komsomol in Moscow. Since 1927 - a representative of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League and deputy chairman of the All-Russian Committee for Assistance to Industrial and Economic Education under the People's Commissariat for Foreign and Internal Trade of the USSR. At the same time in 1927-1932. was a student at the Moscow Engineering and Economics Institute. Upon graduation, he began working as the head of the production organization department of the aviation plant No. 82 in Moscow, from 1933 he was a senior engineer, then - head of the research department of the Air Force Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky. Since 1937 - party organizer of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of plant No. 1 named after Aviakhim in Moscow.

From June 1938 - First Secretary (for the first two months - acting) of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee and the City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. From January 1939 to January 1940 - First Secretary of the Gorky Regional Committee of the CPSU (b). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st convocation (1938). Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) in 1939 - 1946. From January 1940 to January 1946 was People's Commissar of the aviation industry of the USSR. He established the production of aircraft, ensured the introduction of new types of military equipment, and made a significant contribution to achieving victory in the Patriotic War.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 8, 1941, for outstanding services in the field of organization and implementation of mass production of new types of combat aircraft, Alexei Ivanovich Shakhurin was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle Gold Medal.

In 1944, Shakhurin was awarded the rank of Colonel General of the Aviation Engineering Service.

In February 1946 he was appointed deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

In April 1946, he was arrested on trumped-up charges of "abuse of power" and "producing non-standard, low-quality and incomplete products." In the verdict, A. I. Shakhurin was accused of allegedly “for a long time producing aircraft and engines with large design and production defects and, in collusion with the command of the Air Force, decided to put them into service with the Air Force, as a result of which there was a a large number of accidents and disasters, pilots died, and a lot of defective aircraft accumulated, which could not be used in battles with the Germans ... ". On May 11, 1946, he was sentenced to 7 years in labor camp.

He was rehabilitated and released on May 29, 1953. On June 2, 1953, all awards and titles were returned. Since August 1953 - Deputy Minister of the Aviation Industry of the USSR. In 1954-1956. - First Deputy Minister of the Aviation Industry of the USSR. In May-July 1957 - Deputy Head of the Main Directorate for Economic Relations with the Countries of People's Democracy. Since July 1957 - Deputy Chairman of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Foreign Economic Relations. Since 1959 - a personal pensioner of allied significance.

Awards: Hero of Socialist Labor (1941), two orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of Suvorov I degree, the Order of Kutuzov I degree, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, medals.

The son of AI Shakhurin - Vladimir (born in Moscow in 1928) studied at the elite school No. 175, where the children of high-ranking Soviet officials and party functionaries studied. Vladimir's closest friends were Sergo and Vano Mikoyan (sons of Politburo member Anastas Mikoyan), Leonid Redens (son of the executed State Security Commissioner of the 1st rank Stanislav Redens, brother-in-law of Joseph Stalin), Artyom Khmelnitsky (son of General Rafail Khmelnitsky), Pyotr Bakulev (son of the famous surgeon Alexander Bakulev), Felix Kirpichnikov (son of the Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR Pyotr Kirpichnikov).

During the war years (!) this high-ranking kid came up with an organization called ... "The Fourth Reich". Members of the organization created the "shadow government" of the USSR, the "head" of which was Volodya Shakhurin. Members of the "government" called each other Reichsführers and Gruppenfuehrers.

Adults learned about the "Fourth Reich" thanks to a tragic incident. On June 3, 1943, on the stairs of the Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge, Vladimir Shakhurin shot the daughter of diplomat Konstantin Umansky Nina, his classmate, according to some sources, was also a member of the Fourth Reich organization, with a shot from a Walter pistol. There is a version that Vladimir was in love with Nina and did not want her to leave for Mexico with her parents. Then Shakhurin shot himself with the same pistol. Vladimir and Nina were buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. Their graves are not far from each other.

Investigators found that the pistol "Walter", from which Shakhurin fired, belonged to the son of Anastas Mikoyan - Vano. He and his younger brother Sergo were arrested, confessed to creating an "anti-Soviet" organization and named all of its members. Those were also arrested.

All members of the Fourth Reich claimed that the "organization" was just child's play. Nevertheless, on July 23, 1943, eight members of the organization were placed in the inner prison of the NKGB. The investigator in their case was Lev Vlodzimirsky. On December 18, 1943, the Mikoyanov brothers, Leonid Barabanov, Armand Hammer, Pyotr Bakulev, Leonid Redens, Artyom Khmelnitsky and Felix Kirpichnikov were sentenced without any trial to exile to various cities of the Urals, Siberia and Central Asia for a period of one year. The verdict was signed by People's Commissar of State Security Vsevolod Merkulov and Prosecutor General of the USSR Konstantin Gorshenin.

Alexey Ivanovich Shakhurin(February 12 (25), 1904, the village of Mikhailovskoye, Podolsky district, Moscow region, - July 3, 1975, Moscow) - People's Commissar of the aviation industry (1940-46), Colonel General of the Aviation Engineering Service, Hero of Socialist Labor (1941 ).

Biography

Born on February 12, 1904 in the village of Mikhailovskoye, Podolsky district, Moscow province (now the Moscow region). The son of a peasant.

Graduated from the Moscow Engineering and Economic Institute in 1932. Since 1933 in military service. In 1933-1938 he served in the research and training department of the Air Force Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky. Since February 1938, the party organizer at the plant of the People's Commissariat of the aviation industry.

In 1939-1940 he was the first secretary of the Gorky Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

In 1940-1946, the People's Commissar of the Aviation Industry. When in 1943 the Council for Radar at the GKO was created, he was appointed a member. In the summer of 1944, Stalin instructed Shakhurin to examine everything that was possible, together with the advancing troops, at the German missile range, which was to be captured by the Red Army in Poland.

In 1946, Shakhurin was repressed for the "aviation case". On May 10-11, 1946, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, chaired by V. V. Ulrikh, sentenced him to 7 years on charges of "abuse of power" and "producing non-standard, poor-quality and incomplete products."

In the verdict, A.I. Shakhurin was accused of the following: “for a long time he produced aircraft and engines with large design and production defects and, in collusion with the command of the Air Force, decided to put them into service with the Air Force, as a result of which a large number of accidents and disasters, pilots died, and a lot of defective aircraft accumulated, which could not be used in battles with the Germans ... ".

May 29, 1953 rehabilitated and released. On June 2, 1953, all awards and titles were returned.

In 1953-1957, Deputy Minister of the Aviation Industry of the USSR, First Deputy Minister of the Aviation Industry of the USSR.

In 1957 - August 1959 - Deputy Chairman of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Foreign Economic Relations.

Wife - Sofya Mironovna Lurie (1909-1977), daughter of the timber merchant Miron Ionovich Lurie (1874-1966), sister of engineer and scientist in the field of turbine building I. M. Lurie (1905-1967). Son Vladimir (1928-1943) is known for the fact that on July 3, 1943, he shot Nina, the daughter of Ambassador Konstantin Umansky, and then shot himself.

Awards

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 8, 1941, for outstanding services in the field of organization and implementation of mass production of new types of combat aircraft, Alexei Ivanovich Shakhurin was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle Gold Medal.
He was awarded two orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of Suvorov I degree, the Order of Kutuzov I degree, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Red Star.

Bibliography

Wings of Victory. Ed. 3rd. - M., Politizdat, 1990
Wings of Victory. Ed. 2nd, add. - M., Politizdat, 1985
Wings of Victory. - M., Politizdat, 1983
Destruction of the Luftwaffe. - M., EON, 2004

Portal for the student. Self-training

1937Shakhurin Alexey Ivanovich

Workers of the defense industry in the editorial office of the newspaper "Pravda". Sitting (from left to right): I.I. Ivanov, B.L. Vannikov, N.N. Polikarpov, D.F. Ustinov, S.V. Ilyushin, B.G. Spiral. A.I. is standing fourth from the right. Shakhurin. October 1942.

Biography

Awards

Bibliography

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