The history of our planet still holds many mysteries. Scientists from various fields of natural science have contributed to the study of the development of life on Earth.

It is believed that the age of our planet is about 4.54 billion years. This entire time period is usually divided into two main stages: Phanerozoic and Precambrian. These stages are called eons or eonoteme. Eons, in turn, are divided into several periods, each of which is distinguished by a set of changes that have taken place in the geological, biological, atmospheric state of the planet.

1. Precambrian, or Cryptozoic- this is an eon (time interval of the development of the Earth), covering about 3.8 billion years. That is, the Precambrian is the development of the planet from the moment of formation, the formation of the earth's crust, the proto-ocean and the emergence of life on Earth. By the end of the Precambrian, highly organized organisms with a developed skeleton were already widespread on the planet.

The eon includes two more eonotemes - katarche and archaea. The latter, in turn, includes 4 eras.

1. Katarchaeus- this is the time of the formation of the Earth, but there was still neither the core nor the earth's crust. The planet was still a cold cosmic body. Scientists suggest that during this period there was already water on Earth. The Catarchean lasted about 600 million years.

2. Archaea covers a period of 1.5 billion years. During this period, there was no oxygen on Earth yet, deposits of sulfur, iron, graphite, and nickel were being formed. The hydrosphere and the atmosphere were a single vapor-gas shell that enveloped the globe in a dense cloud. The sun's rays practically did not penetrate through this veil, so darkness reigned on the planet. 2.1 2.1. Eoarchean- this is the first geological era, which lasted about 400 million years. The most important event of the Eoarchean is the formation of the hydrosphere. But there was still little water, the reservoirs existed separately from each other and did not yet merge into the world ocean. At the same time, the earth's crust becomes solid, although asteroids are still bombarding the Earth. At the end of the Eoarchean, the first supercontinent in the history of the planet, Vaalbara, is formed.

2.2 Paleoarchaean- the next era, which also lasted approximately 400 million years. During this period, the core of the Earth is formed, the magnetic field strength increases. A day on the planet lasted only 15 hours. But the oxygen content in the atmosphere increases due to the activity of bacteria that have appeared. The remains of these first forms of the Paleoarchean era of life have been found in Western Australia.

2.3 Mesoarchean also lasted about 400 million years. In the Mesoarchean era, our planet was covered by a shallow ocean. Land areas were small volcanic islands. But already during this period, the formation of the lithosphere begins and the mechanism of plate tectonics starts. At the end of the Mesoarchean, the first ice age occurs, during which snow and ice form for the first time on Earth. Biological species are still represented by bacteria and microbial life forms.

2.4 Neoarchean- the final era of the Archean eon, the duration of which is about 300 million years. Colonies of bacteria at this time form the first stromatolites (limestone deposits) on Earth. The most important event of the Neoarchean is the formation of oxygen photosynthesis.

II. Proterozoic- one of the longest time periods in the history of the Earth, which is usually divided into three eras. During the Proterozoic, the ozone layer first appears, the world ocean reaches almost its present volume. And after the longest Huron glaciation, the first multicellular life forms appeared on Earth - mushrooms and sponges. The Proterozoic is usually divided into three eras, each of which contained several periods.

3.1 Paleo-Proterozoic- the first era of the Proterozoic, which began 2.5 billion years ago. At this time, the lithosphere is fully formed. But the former forms of life, due to the increase in oxygen content, practically died out. This period is called the oxygen catastrophe. By the end of the era, the first eukaryotes appear on Earth.

3.2 Mesoproterozoic lasted approximately 600 million years. The most important events of this era: the formation of continental masses, the formation of the supercontinent Rodinia and the evolution of sexual reproduction.

3.3 Neo-proterozoic. During this era, Rodinia breaks up into about 8 parts, the super-ocean of Mirovia ceases to exist, and at the end of the era, the Earth is covered with ice almost to the equator. In the Neoproterozoic era, living organisms for the first time begin to acquire a hard shell, which will later serve as the basis of the skeleton.

III. Paleozoic- the first era of the Phanerozoic eon, which began approximately 541 million years ago and lasted about 289 million years. This is the era of the emergence of ancient life. The supercontinent Gondwana unites the southern continents, a little later the rest of the land joins it and Pangea appears. Climatic zones begin to form, and flora and fauna are represented mainly by marine species. Only towards the end of the Paleozoic does the development of land begin, and the first vertebrates appear.

The Paleozoic era is conditionally divided into 6 periods.

1. Cambrian period lasted 56 million years. During this period, the main rocks are formed, the mineral skeleton appears in living organisms. And the most important event of the Cambrian is the appearance of the first arthropods.

2. Ordovician period- the second period of the Paleozoic, which lasted 42 million years. This is the era of the formation of sedimentary rocks, phosphorites and oil shale. The organic world of the Ordovician is represented by marine invertebrates and blue-green algae.

3. Silurian period covers the next 24 million years. At this time, almost 60% of living organisms that existed before die out. But the first cartilaginous and bone fish in the history of the planet appear. On land, the Silurian is marked by the appearance of vascular plants. Supercontinents converge and form Laurasia. By the end of the period, ice melting was noted, the sea level rose, and the climate became milder.

4 Devonian is characterized by the rapid development of various forms of life and the development of new ecological niches. Devon covers a time interval of 60 million years. The first terrestrial vertebrates, spiders, and insects appear. Land animals develop lungs. Although fish still dominate. The kingdom of flora of this period is represented by ferns, horsetails, club mosses and gosperms.

5. Carboniferous period often referred to as carbon. At this time, Laurasia collides with Gondwana and the new supercontinent Pangea appears. A new ocean is also formed - Tethys. This is the time when the first amphibians and reptiles appeared.

6. Permian period- the last period of the Paleozoic, which ended 252 million years ago. It is believed that at this time a large asteroid fell to Earth, which led to significant climate change and the extinction of almost 90% of all living organisms. Most of the land is covered with sand, the most extensive deserts appear that have only existed in the entire history of the Earth's development.

IV. Mesozoic- the second era of the Phanerozoic eon, which lasted almost 186 million years. At this time, the continents acquire almost modern outlines. A warm climate contributes to the rapid development of life on Earth. Giant ferns disappear, and angiosperms appear to replace them. The Mesozoic is the era of dinosaurs and the appearance of the first mammals.

The Mesozoic era is divided into three periods: Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous.

1. Triassic period lasted a little over 50 million years. At this time, Pangea begins to split, and the inland seas gradually become smaller and dry up. The climate is mild, the zones are not pronounced. Nearly half of land plants are disappearing as deserts spread. And in the realm of fauna, the first warm-blooded and terrestrial reptiles appear, which became the ancestors of dinosaurs and birds.

2 Jurassic covers a gap of 56 million years. A humid and warm climate reigned on Earth. The land is covered with thickets of ferns, pines, palms, cypresses. Dinosaurs reign on the planet, and numerous mammals have so far been distinguished by their small stature and thick hair.

3 Cretaceous- the longest period of the Mesozoic, lasting almost 79 million years. The split of the continents is practically coming to an end, the Atlantic Ocean is significantly increasing in volume, and ice sheets are forming at the poles. An increase in the water mass of the oceans leads to the formation of a greenhouse effect. At the end of the Cretaceous, a catastrophe occurs, the causes of which are still not clear. As a result, all dinosaurs and most species of reptiles and gymnosperms became extinct.

V. Cenozoic- this is the era of animals and Homo sapiens, which began 66 million years ago. The continents at this time acquired their modern shape, Antarctica occupied the south pole of the Earth, and the oceans continued to grow. Plants and animals that survived the catastrophe of the Cretaceous period found themselves in a completely new world. Unique communities of lifeforms began to form on each continent.

The Cenozoic era is divided into three periods: Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary.

1. Paleogene period ended approximately 23 million years ago. At that time, a tropical climate reigned on Earth, Europe was hiding under evergreen tropical forests, and deciduous trees grew only in the north of the continents. It was during the Paleogene period that the rapid development of mammals takes place.

2. Neogene period covers the next 20 million years of the planet's development. Whales and bats appear. And, although saber-toothed tigers and mastodons still roam the earth, the fauna is increasingly acquiring modern features.

3. Quaternary period began more than 2.5 million years ago and continues to this day. Two major events characterize this time period: the Ice Age and the advent of man. The Ice Age completely completed the formation of the climate, flora and fauna of the continents. And the appearance of man marked the beginning of civilization.

The question of the origin of the Earth, planets and the solar system as a whole has worried people since ancient times. Myths about the origin of the Earth can be traced among many ancient peoples. The Chinese, Egyptians, Sumerians, Greeks had their own idea of ​​the formation of the world. At the beginning of our era, their naive ideas were replaced by religious dogmas that did not tolerate objections. In medieval Europe, attempts to search for the truth sometimes ended in the fire of the Inquisition. The first scientific explanations of the problem belong only to the 18th century. Even now there is no single hypothesis of the origin of the Earth, which gives room for new discoveries and food for an inquisitive mind.

Mythology of the ancients

Man is an inquisitive being. Since ancient times, people differed from animals not only in their desire to survive in the harsh wild world, but also in an attempt to understand it. Recognizing the total superiority of the forces of nature over themselves, people began to deify the ongoing processes. Most often, it is the celestials who are credited with the merit of creating the world.

Myths about the origin of the Earth in different parts of the world differed significantly from each other. According to the ideas of the ancient Egyptians, she hatched from a sacred egg molded by the god Khnum from ordinary clay. According to the beliefs of the island peoples, the gods fished the earth out of the ocean.

Chaos theory

The ancient Greeks came closest to scientific theory. According to their concepts, the birth of the Earth came from the original Chaos, filled with a mixture of water, earth, fire and air. This fits in with the scientific postulates of the theory of the origin of the Earth. An explosive mixture of elements rotated chaotically, filling everything that exists. But at some point, from the bowels of the original Chaos, the Earth was born - the goddess Gaia, and her eternal companion, Heaven, the god Uranus. Together they filled the lifeless spaces with a variety of life.

A similar myth has formed in China. Chaos Hun-tun, filled with five elements - wood, metal, earth, fire and water - circled in the form of an egg through the boundless universe, until the god Pan-Gu was born in it. When he woke up, he found around him only a lifeless darkness. And this fact saddened him greatly. Gathering his strength, the Pan-Gu deity broke the shell of the chaos egg, releasing two principles: Yin and Yang. Heavy Yin descended to form the earth, light and light Yang soared up to form the sky.

Class theory of the formation of the Earth

The origin of the planets, and in particular the Earth, has been sufficiently studied by modern scientists. But there are a number of fundamental questions (for example, where did the water come from) that cause heated debate. Therefore, the science of the Universe is developing, each new discovery becomes a brick in the foundation of the hypothesis of the origin of the Earth.

The famous Soviet scientist, better known for polar research, grouped all the proposed hypotheses and combined them into three classes. The first includes theories based on the postulate of the formation of the Sun, planets, moons and comets from a single material (nebula). These are the well-known hypotheses of Voitkevich, Laplace, Kant, Fesenkov, recently revised by Rudnik, Sobotovich and other scientists.

The second class combines ideas according to which the planets were formed directly from the substance of the Sun. These are the hypotheses of the origin of the Earth by scientists Jeans, Jeffreys, Multon and Chamberlin, Buffon and others.

And finally, the third class includes theories that do not unite the Sun and the planets by a common origin. The best known is Schmidt's conjecture. Let's take a look at the characteristics of each class.

Kant's hypothesis

In 1755, the German philosopher Kant briefly described the origin of the Earth as follows: the original Universe consisted of motionless dust-like particles of various densities. The forces of gravity led them to move. They sticked to each other (the effect of accretion), which ultimately led to the formation of a central hot bunch - the Sun. Further collisions of particles led to the rotation of the Sun, and with it the dust cloud.

In the latter, separate clots of matter gradually formed - the embryos of future planets, around which satellites were formed according to a similar scheme. The Earth formed in this way at the beginning of its existence seemed cold.

Laplace's concept

The French astronomer and mathematician P. Laplace proposed a slightly different version explaining the origin of the planet Earth and other planets. The solar system, in his opinion, was formed from a hot gaseous nebula with a bunch of particles in the center. It rotated and contracted under the influence of universal gravity. With further cooling, the speed of rotation of the nebula grew, along the periphery, rings peeled off from it, which disintegrated into prototypes of future planets. The latter at the initial stage were incandescent gas balls, which gradually cooled and solidified.

Lack of Hypotheses of Kant and Laplace

The hypotheses of Kant and Laplace, explaining the origin of the planet Earth, were dominant in cosmogony until the beginning of the 20th century. And they played a progressive role, serving as the basis for the natural sciences, especially geology. The main drawback of the hypothesis is the inability to explain the distribution of angular momentum (MKR) within the solar system.

The MKR is defined as the product of body mass times the distance from the center of the system and the speed of its rotation. Indeed, based on the fact that the Sun has more than 90% of the total mass of the system, it must also have a high MCR. In fact, the Sun has only 2% of the total ICR, while the planets, especially the giants, are endowed with the remaining 98%.

Fesenkov's theory

In 1960, the Soviet scientist Fesenkov tried to explain this contradiction. According to his version of the origin of the Earth, the Sun and planets were formed as a result of the compaction of a giant nebula - "globules". The nebula had very rarefied matter, composed mainly of hydrogen, helium and a small amount of heavy elements. Under the influence of gravitational force in the central part of the globule, a star-shaped condensation appeared - the Sun. It was spinning fast. As a result of the substance, matter was emitted from time to time into the gas-dust environment surrounding it. This led to the loss of its mass by the Sun and the transfer of a significant part of the ISS to the created planets. The formation of the planets took place by means of accretion of nebular matter.

Theories of Multon and Chamberlin

American researchers, astronomer Multon and geologist Chamberlin, proposed similar hypotheses for the origin of the Earth and the solar system, according to which the planets were formed from the substance of gas spiral branches, "stretched" from the Sun by an unknown star, which passed at a fairly close distance from it.

Scientists introduced the concept of "planetesimal" into cosmogony - these are clots condensed from the gases of the original substance, which became the embryos of planets and asteroids.

Jeans' judgments

The English astronomer and physicist D. Jeans (1919) suggested that when another star approached the Sun, a cigar-shaped protrusion broke off from the latter, which later disintegrated into separate clots. Moreover, large planets were formed from the middle thickened part of the "cigar", and small planets along its edges.

Schmidt's hypothesis

In questions of the theory of the origin of the Earth, an original point of view was expressed in 1944 by Schmidt. This is the so-called meteorite hypothesis, subsequently physical and mathematically justified by the students of the famous scientist. By the way, the problem of the formation of the Sun is not considered in the hypothesis.

According to the theory, the Sun at one of the stages of its development captured (attracted to itself) a cold gas-dust meteorite cloud. Prior to that, it owned a very small MKR, while the cloud rotated at a significant speed. In the strong Sun, the meteorite cloud began to differentiate in terms of mass, density, and size. Part of the meteorite material hit the star, the other, as a result of accretion processes, formed clots-embryos of the planets and their satellites.

In this hypothesis, the origin and development of the Earth is dependent on the influence of the "solar wind" - the pressure of solar radiation, which repelled light gas components to the periphery of the solar system. The earth thus formed was a cold body. Further heating is associated with radiogenic heat, gravitational differentiation and other sources of internal energy of the planet. Researchers consider the very low probability of capturing such a meteorite cloud by the Sun as a big drawback of the hypothesis.

Assumptions by Rudnik and Sobotovich

The history of the origin of the Earth is still of concern to scientists. Relatively recently (in 1984), V. Rudnik and E. Sobotovich presented their own version of the origin of the planets and the Sun. According to their ideas, the initiator of the processes in the gas-dust nebula could be a nearby explosion of a supernova. Further events, according to the researchers, looked like this:

1. Under the action of the explosion, the compression of the nebula began and the formation of a central bunch - the Sun.
2. From the forming Sun, RTOs were transmitted to the planets by electromagnetic or turbulent-convective means.
3. Giant rings began to form, resembling the rings of Saturn.
4. As a result of accretion of the material of the rings, planetesimals first appeared, subsequently formed into modern planets.

The whole evolution took place very quickly - for about 600 million years.

Formation of the composition of the Earth

There is a different understanding of the sequence of formation of the inner parts of our planet. According to one of them, the proto-Earth was an unsorted conglomerate of iron-silicate matter. Subsequently, as a result of gravity, a division into an iron core and a silicate mantle occurred - the phenomenon of homogeneous accretion. Proponents of heterogeneous accretion believe that a refractory iron core accumulated first, then more fusible silicate particles adhered to it.

Depending on the solution of this issue, we can also talk about the degree of the initial heating of the Earth. Indeed, immediately after its formation, the planet began to warm up due to the combined action of several factors:

• The bombardment of its surface by planetesimals, which was accompanied by the release of heat.
• isotopes, including short-lived isotopes of aluminum, iodine, plutonium, etc.
• Gravitational differentiation of interiors (assuming homogeneous accretion).

According to a number of researchers, at this early stage of the formation of the planet, the outer parts could be in a state close to a melt. In the photo, the planet Earth would look like a hot ball.

Contractual theory of the formation of continents

One of the first hypotheses of the origin of the continents was the contraction hypothesis, according to which mountain building was associated with the cooling of the Earth and the reduction of its radius. It was she who served as the foundation of early geological research. On its basis, the Austrian geologist E. Suess synthesized all the knowledge that existed at that time about the structure of the earth's crust in the monograph "The Face of the Earth". But already at the end of the XIX century. data appeared showing that compression occurs in one part of the earth's crust, and tension occurs in the other. The contraction theory finally collapsed after the discovery of radioactivity and the presence of large reserves of radioactive elements in the Earth's crust.

Continental drift

At the beginning of the twentieth century. the hypothesis of continental drift is born. Scientists have long noticed the similarity of the coastlines of South America and the Arabian Peninsula, Africa and Hindustan, etc. The first to compare the data was Pilligrini (1858), later Bikhanov. The very idea of ​​continental drift was formulated by the American geologists Taylor and Baker (1910) and the German meteorologist and geophysicist Wegener (1912). The latter substantiated this hypothesis in his monograph "The Origin of Continents and Oceans", which was published in 1915. Arguments given in support of this hypothesis:

• The similarity of the outlines of the continents on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as the continents bordering the Indian Ocean.
• Similarity of structure on adjacent continents of Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic rocks.
• Fossilized remains of animals and plants, which indicate that the ancient flora and fauna of the southern continents formed a single group: this is especially evidenced by the fossilized remains of dinosaurs of the Lystrosaurus genus found in Africa, India and Antarctica.
• Paleoclimatic data: for example, the presence of traces of the Late Paleozoic ice sheet.

Formation of the earth's crust

The origin and development of the Earth is inextricably linked with mountain building. A. Wegener argued that the continents, consisting of fairly light mineral masses, seem to float on the underlying heavy plastic substance of the basalt bed. It is assumed that initially a thin layer of granite material allegedly covered the entire Earth. Gradually, its integrity was broken by the tidal forces of attraction of the Moon and the Sun, acting on the surface of the planet from east to west, as well as by centrifugal forces from the rotation of the Earth, acting from the poles to the equator.

Granite (presumably) consisted of a single supercontinent Pangea. It lasted until the middle and broke up in the Jurassic period. A supporter of this hypothesis of the origin of the Earth was the scientist Staub. Then there was an association of the continents of the northern hemisphere - Laurasia, and an association of the continents of the southern hemisphere - Gondwana. Between them were the rocks of the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. Under the continents lay a sea of ​​magma along which they moved. Laurasia and Gondwana moved rhythmically either to the equator or to the poles. As the supercontinents moved toward the equator, they contracted frontally, while their flanks pressed against the Pacific mass. These geological processes are considered by many to be the main factors in the formation of large mountain ranges. Movement to the equator occurred three times: during the Caledonian, Hercynian and Alpine orogeny.

Conclusion

A lot of popular science literature, children's books, and specialized publications have been published on the topic of the formation of the solar system. The origin of the Earth for children in an accessible form is set out in school textbooks. But if we take the literature of 50 years ago, it is clear that modern scientists look at some problems in a different way. Cosmology, geology and related sciences do not stand still. Thanks to the conquest of near-Earth space, people already know how the planet Earth is seen in the photo from space. New knowledge forms a new idea of ​​the laws of the Universe.

It is obvious that the mighty forces of nature were used to create the Earth, planets and the Sun from the primordial chaos. It is not surprising that the ancient ancestors compared them with the accomplishments of the Gods. Even figuratively it is impossible to imagine the origin of the Earth, pictures of reality would surely surpass the most daring fantasies. But by bits of knowledge collected by scientists, a complete picture of the surrounding world is gradually being built.

Until now, the main theory of the origin of the cradle of mankind is the theory of the Big Bang. According to astronomers, an infinitely long time ago in outer space there was a huge hot ball, whose temperature was in the millions of degrees. As a result of chemical reactions that took place inside the fiery sphere, an explosion occurred, scattering a huge amount of the smallest particles of matter and energy in space. Initially, these particles were too hot. Then the Universe cooled down, the particles were attracted to each other, accumulating in one space. Lighter elements were attracted to heavier ones, which arose as a result of the gradual cooling of the Universe. This is how galaxies, stars, planets were formed.

In support of this theory, scientists cite the structure of the Earth, whose inner part, called the core, consists of heavy elements - nickel and iron. The core, in turn, is covered with a thick mantle of hot rocks, which are lighter. The surface of the planet, in other words, the earth's crust, seems to float on the surface of the molten masses, being the result of their cooling.

Formation of conditions for life

Gradually, the globe cooled down, creating more and more dense patches of soil on its surface. The volcanic activity of the planet in those days was quite active. As a result of magma eruptions, a huge amount of various gases was thrown into space. The lightest ones, such as helium and hydrogen, evaporated instantly. The heavier molecules remained above the planet's surface, attracted by its gravitational fields. Under the influence of external and internal factors, the vapors of emitted gases became a source of moisture, the first precipitation appeared, which played a key role in the emergence of life on the planet.

Gradually, internal and external metamorphoses led to the diversity of the landscape to which mankind has long been accustomed:

• mountains and valleys formed;
• seas, oceans and rivers appeared;
• there was a certain climate in each locality, which gave impetus to the development of one form or another of life on the planet.

The opinion about the calmness of the planet and that it is finally formed is wrong. Under the influence of endogenous and exogenous processes, the surface of the planet is still being formed. By his destructive management, man contributes to the acceleration of these processes, which leads to the most catastrophic consequences.

Approximately 4.54 billion years ago, our planet appeared. Scientists cannot accurately describe all the features of its formation, but the generally accepted theory of the birth of the Earth has numerous scientific confirmations.

At first, there was a huge molecular cloud in place of the solar system. It split and a protosolar nebula was formed from one of its parts, which began to shrink under the influence of gravity. In the core of the nebula, thermonuclear reactions began, from which our Sun was formed.

The young star was surrounded by a dense protoplanetary cloud consisting of gases and dust. In this gas and dust formation, local centers of attraction began to form, protoplanets (planetesimals) were born.

Protoplanets collided, attracted the remains of gas and dust matter. As a result, the Earth, Mars, Neptune, Venus, etc. were formed.

How the planet appeared: video

How the Earth Formed: An Educational Video for Kids

Another eight hundred million years passed and life was born on the cooled Earth.

Our planet is truly unique. To many, the coincidence of circumstances that led to the birth of life on it still seems incredible. People have discovered a huge number of planets, but why is one of them not what is on Earth? Why is she so unique?

Over the question of how the Earth arose, people have been thinking for many centuries. Of course, no one can answer it exactly, but there are a number of very convincing hypotheses based on various

How did the earth come into being

Earth is our home. This is an opportunity to learn everything you can about her. This beautiful planet holds many secrets. Once upon a time, myths were born from such questions. People imagined this process in different ways: some believed that God created it, others believed that it appeared on its own, that is, even before the birth of God.

Note that the first scientific hypotheses, with the help of which attempts were made to answer the question of how the Earth arose, appeared only in the seventeenth century. One of them was proposed by a physicist from France. His name was According to his version, our world arose as a result of a catastrophe of universal proportions. This catastrophe itself occurred because some large object crashed into the sun. The collision caused the spread of "splashes", which, after cooling, became planets.

Immanuel Kant also hypothesized about the origin of the Earth. His version was based on the possibility of the formation of celestial bodies. In his opinion, the entire solar system was originally a cold dust cloud, the particles of which were in continuous chaotic motion. They not only repelled each other, but also stuck together like a snowball.

He also put forward an interesting hypothesis. He stated that both the planets and the Sun arose from a hot gas cloud, which was constantly in rotation. This cloud was slowly but surely shrinking. As a result of compression, rings appeared, which eventually turned into planets. The central clot became the Sun.

A little later, the world learned the theory of James Jeans. The English scientist tried to explain not only the formation, but also the development of our solar system. In his opinion, once upon a time, some star flew very close to the Sun. Due to the increased gravity from the Sun and this star, matter was released - from it the planets were born.

Was our compatriot. Reasoning and research led him to the idea that once there was a large cloud around the Sun. It consisted mainly of gas and dust. Over time, clots began to form in it, which became harder and harder and after centuries began to move around its axis. As you already understood, these clots, in the end, turned into the planets known to us.

All of the above hypotheses have much in common. It can be seen with the naked eye that the scientists were thinking along the same lines. Modern ideas about how the solar system and the Earth appeared are based on approximately the same thoughts.

What do scientists say today? There is reason to believe that the planets and the Sun arose from gas and dust particles, that is, interstellar matter. The largest clot eventually turned into the Sun. The sun became a source of energy that influenced the rest of the clots, which later turned into planets.

Note that the shape and size of the Earth is no longer the same as before. This proves the fact that development is still taking place. The speed also changes. Of course, all these changes cannot be simply noticed - they occur once in a thousand, or even a million years.

Yes, there is no unequivocal opinion about the origin of the Sun and planets. Even today it all remains a mystery.