Russia-USSR became the first space power! And continues to be in the present!
For as long as I can remember, everyone knew the names of the cosmonauts, they were the main characters - as they would say now "supermen" - of peaceful Soviet times.
For the duration of the flights, all radio and television programs were interrupted, the brilliant Levitan solemnly announced a new flight, then photos of the new astronauts were printed on the front pages of newspapers.

Belka and Strelka also flew long before my birth, but for some reason I also knew them.
.
Routine flights into space began somewhere in the second half of the 70s.
Before interest faded, the last "surge" was Soyuz-Apollo. In Omsk, the live broadcast of the docking of American and Soviet ships was at night, I remember it through a dream, my cousin (10 years older than me) woke me up, he did not sleep, he really wanted to see this historical event.

Then the detachment of cosmonauts was replenished with new faces, there were a lot of cosmonauts, not everyone knew them anymore. Flights with cosmonauts from the socialist countries were more "promoted".
But the first - everyone knew!

The first cosmonauts of the USSR

Cosmonaut No. 1 - Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin (1934 - 1968)

Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968), fighter pilot, first space flight:
April 12, 1961 "Vostok".
He died on March 27, 1968 in a plane crash.


Gagarin's funeral

The historic flight of Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin took place on the morning of April 12, 1961.
The Vostok spacecraft was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and, having circled the Earth once, landed in the Saratov region.
Moreover, Gagarin ejected and landed with a parachute.

Cosmonaut No. 2 German Stepanovich Titov (1935 - 2000)

German Stepanovich Titov (1935-2000), air defense pilot, one space flight: August 6, 1961 Vostok-2. He left the cosmonaut corps on 06/17/1970.
Later he worked at the Institute of Space Research.

Cosmonaut No. 3 Andrian Grigorievich Nikolaev (1929 -2004)

Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolaev (1929-2004), air defense pilot, two space flights: August 11, 1962 "Vostok-3"; June 1, 1970 "Soyuz-9". He left the cosmonaut corps on 01/26/1982.

Cosmonaut No. 4 Pavel Romanovich Popovich (1930 - 2009)

Pavel Romanovich Popovich (1930-2009), Air Force pilot, two space flights: August 12, 1962 Vostok-4; July 3, 1974 Soyuz-14. He left the cosmonaut corps on 01/26/1982.

Cosmonaut No. 5 - Valery Fedorovich Bykovsky (1934)

Valery Fedorovich Bykovsky (1934), Air Force pilot, three space flights: June 14, 1963 Vostok-5; September 15, 1976 "Soyuz-22"; August 26, 1978 "Soyuz-31". He left the cosmonaut corps on 01/26/1982.

Cosmonaut No. 6 - The first woman - cosmonaut - Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (born 1937)

Space flight June 16, 1963, "Vostok-6", at the same time in orbit was Vostok-5, piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky.

Cosmonaut number 7. Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov


Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov (1927-1967), Air Force pilot-engineer, two space flights: October 12, 1964 Voskhod;
April 23, 1967 "Soyuz-1". On April 24, 1967, Vladimir Komarov died during landing after performing a flight on the Soyuz-1 spacecraft. (Yu.A. Gagarin was appointed his understudy in this flight).
We have a book about Komarov at home.

On October 12, 1964, the world's first multi-seat spacecraft flew into space. For the first time, the crew included not only a pilot, but also an engineer and a doctor.
For the first time in history, the crew flew without spacesuits.
For the first time, a soft landing system was used. The call sign "Rubin" sounded from orbit for a day. The total duration of the flight was one day and 17 minutes, during which time the ship circled the globe 16 times.

Cosmonaut number 8. Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov

Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov (1926 - 2009), USSR pilot-cosmonaut, researcher-cosmonaut of the Voskhod spacecraft, 8th cosmonaut of the USSR and 12th cosmonaut of the world, doctor of technical sciences.
K. P. Feoktistov was the first civilian cosmonaut and the only non-Party cosmonaut in the history of Soviet cosmonautics who made a space flight.
Member of the Great Patriotic War since 1941. Fought in the infantry, was a scout. In 1942 he was captured by the Germans and shot, but survived.
During the Great Patriotic War, Feoktistov dropped out of school and went to the front. He fought as a scout of a military unit. While performing reconnaissance in the city of Voronezh, Feoktistov was captured by a German patrol and miraculously survived after being shot:
After graduating from Moscow Higher Technical School in 1949, he worked at NII-1 in the group of M. K. Tikhonravov, then at OKB-1 (now NPO Energia).
Participated in the development of the first artificial Earth satellite, the Vostok, Soyuz, Soyuz T, Soyuz TM, Progress, Progress-M spacecraft, the Salyut and Mir orbital stations.
In the detachment of cosmonauts since 1964, on October 12-13, 1964, he flew into space on the Voskhod-1 spacecraft.

Cosmonaut No. 9 Boris Borisovich Egorov

Boris Borisovich Egorov (1937 - 1994). The doctor is an astronaut.He made one flight on the multi-seat Voskhod 1 spacecraft, lasting 1 day 0 hours 17 minutes 3 seconds.
Later he worked at the Institute of Biomedical Problems on the problems of weightlessness.
Doctor of Medical Sciences.

Cosmonaut No. 10 Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev

Belyaev Pavel Ivanovich (1925-1970), naval aviation pilot, one space
flight: piloted March 18, 1965 Voskhod-2.
He graduated from the Yeysk Military Aviation Pilot School in 1945, a participant in the Soviet-Japanese war in August-September 1945.
During the landing of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft, due to deviations in the operation of the spacecraft's orientation system to the Sun, P. I. Belyaev manually oriented the spacecraft and turned on the braking engine. These operations were performed for the first time in the world.
As a result, Voskhod landed in an undesignated area 180 km north of the city of Perm. In the TASS report, this was called a landing in a “reserve area”, which in fact was a deaf Permian taiga ..
The cosmonauts had to spend two nights alone in the wild forest in severe frost. Only on the third day, rescuers on skis made their way through the deep snow, who were forced to cut down the forest in the Voskhod landing area in order to clear the area for the helicopter to land.
Flight duration - 1 day 2 hours 2 minutes 17 seconds.

Cosmonaut No. 11. Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov.

The world's first spacewalk.
Alexei Leonov (1934), Air Force pilot, two space flights: March 18, 1965 "Voskhod-2"; July 15, 1975 Soyuz-19. He left the cosmonaut corps on 01/26/1982.

Leonov made the first ever astronautics spacewalk duration 12 minutes 9 seconds. During the exit, he showed exceptional courage, especially in an emergency situation, when a swollen space suit prevented the astronaut from returning to the spacecraft. Leonov managed to enter the lock only by relieving excessive pressure from the spacesuit, while he climbed into the hatch of the ship not with his feet, but with his head forward, which was forbidden by the instructions.
In 1975, on July 15-21, Leonov, together with V.N. Kubasov, made the second flight into space as the commander of the Soyuz-19 spacecraft under the ASTP program (another, often mentioned name of the program is Soyuz-Apollo) .
A.A. Leonov is the author of about 200 paintings and 5 art albums, including magnificent space landscapes, fantasy, earthly landscapes, portraits of friends (watercolor, oil, Dutch gouache).

April 15 - the birthday of the pilot - cosmonaut of the USSR No. 12 Georgy Timofeevich Beregovoy.

Georgy Timofeevich Beregovoy was born on April 15, 1921 in the Ukrainian village of Fedorovka, Poltava province. He spent his childhood and youth in the city of Enakievo. It was here that he graduated from high school, took the first steps in his career as an electrician at the Enakievo Metallurgical Plant, and here he first took to the air, being a cadet of the Enakievo Aeroclub.
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Georgy Beregovoy was a well-trained attack pilot. Fate kept him, although during the war years the brave pilot had to repeatedly look death in the face. He ended the war as a Hero of the Soviet Union.


After the war, he successfully completed the higher officer courses for test pilots. He worked as a test pilot of the USSR, having received the title of Honored Test Pilot of the USSR in 1961, and in 1963 he was admitted to the cosmonaut corps, despite his age.
Having completed a full course of training for flights on ships of the Soyuz type, October 26-30, 1968 - at the age of 47! - made a space flight on the Soyuz-3 spacecraft. In flight, there was the first ever attempt to dock with an unmanned Soyuz-2 spacecraft in the shadow of the Earth. The flight lasted 3 days 22 hours 50 minutes 45 seconds. On November 1, 1968, he was awarded the second Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union for his space flight.
Having gone through the war without serious injuries, he almost died in peacetime: on January 22, 1969, in the Kremlin, during a solemn meeting of astronauts, officer Viktor Ilyin fired at the car in which Beregovoy was driving, mistaking it for Brezhnev's car. The slight external resemblance of Beregovoy to Brezhnev also contributed to the mistake. The driver sitting behind the wheel was mortally wounded, and Beregovoy received minor injuries from fragments of the windshield.
After the space flight, Lieutenant-General of Aviation Beregovoy worked for a long time as the head of the Cosmonaut Training Center and brought up a whole generation of space argonauts. He retired in 1987 with the rank of lieutenant general. But he continued active public work as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Georgy Beregovoy died on June 30, 1995 during a heart operation. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

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From time immemorial, mankind has sought to fly. Perhaps it was their most desired dream. With the formation of modern civilization, people wanted not just to fly, but to reach the enchanting haze of outer space. And finally, they were able to realize the desire of mankind to go into outer space!

The first cosmonaut of the Soviet Union was, which entered forever into world history. Preparations for the flight of the world's first man lasted a little over a year, and, behold, on April 12, 1961, this historic moment took place. They met the pilot on Earth, as befits, to meet the heroes of the fatherland. Later, Gagarin was awarded many ranks and awards. The flight into space was soon repeated by an astronaut from the United States. After that, the struggle began to launch the first woman astronaut into space.

An event of unprecedented scale was the flight of the first female Soviet cosmonaut. Her journey to the stars began with the fact that by the age of 25 she was enrolled in the ranks of astronauts and, along with other girls, was preparing for flight into orbit. During the training, the project leaders noticed the activity of Valentina Tereshkova and her diligence, as a result of which she was appointed senior in the women's group. After only 1 year of preparation, she set off on a space journey that has remained forever in the history books - the first space flight by a woman.

The Soviet Union did not just launch the first cosmonaut into orbit, but opened a new milestone in the evolution of human technology and the level of development of mankind as a whole. were the first in everything that was connected with astronautics. Our state possessed the best technologies in the field of astronautics. We were the first not only in launching astronauts. The state held the world championship in the future in the field of launching manned flights and the operation of orbital stations.

We must pay tribute to the heroes of the Soviet Union - the cosmonauts - for their courage and devotion to their dream. It was they who marked the beginning of a new era of mankind - space. But do not forget about those outstanding people who have invested in this business not only labor and time, but also a particle of their soul. The achievements of Russian cosmonautics are worthy of being written about in textbooks.

Boris Valentinovich Volynov (b. 1934) - Soviet cosmonaut, twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

early years

Boris Volynov was born in Irkutsk on 18.12.1934. However, soon his mother was transferred to another place of work - to the city of Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region, and the whole family moved there. Until 1952, the boy studied at a regular high school, and already in his youth he was set on fire with the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bbecoming a pilot.

No sooner said than done: after school, Volynov went to Pavlodar, to the local military aviation school. Then he continued his education at the Stalingrad (now Volgograd) military aviation school. After training, he served as a pilot in Yaroslavl, later becoming a senior pilot.

Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev (1925 - 1970) - Soviet cosmonaut number 10, Hero of the USSR.

Pavel Belyaev is also known as an athlete and participant in the Soviet-Japanese War of 1945.

early years

Pavel Belyaev was born in the village of Chelishchevo, which today belongs to the Vologda region on 06/26/1925. He studied at a school in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky, after which he went to work as a turner at a factory. However, a year later he decided to devote himself to military affairs, as a result of which he entered the Yeisk Military Aviation School. So he became a pilot.

The Great Patriotic War had ended by that time (1945), but military operations against Japan were still ongoing in the Far East, and the young pilot went there.

Vladimir Dzhanibekov (Krysin) (b. 05/13/1942) is a very interesting representative of the national cosmonautics.

This is a man who has made several records in space flights. Firstly, he made a record number of flights in the USSR - five. Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev flew as many as six times, but this was already after the collapse of the USSR.

Secondly, in all five of his flights he was the commander. This record has not yet been surpassed by any cosmonaut in the world, and only James Weatherby repeated it, and even then only in his sixth flight, since he was not the commander in the first. Thus, Vladimir Dzhanibekov is the most experienced Soviet cosmonaut.

Valery Kubasov (1935 - 2014) - famous Soviet cosmonaut. He is known as a space flight engineer, and also as a participant in the famous Apollo-Soyuz program, during which the space stations of the two "superpowers" were docked.

Biography

Valery Kubasov was born in the city of Vyazniki, in the Vladimir region. He also went to school there. Since childhood, he dreamed of building airplanes, so after school he went to the Moscow Aviation Institute. Like many cosmonauts, Kubasov was an aviator in the early stages of his life.

Svetlana Savitskaya - test pilot, cosmonaut, Hero of the USSR (twice).

Probably everyone in the world knows who Valentina Tereshkova is. However, even after her, women continued to conquer space. Just next, after Tereshkova and the second female cosmonaut, was Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya.

She was a brilliant pilot, participated in two space expeditions, the first, among women, went into outer space and carried out work there, she became the only woman twice awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union. But first things first.

Viktor Gorbatko Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Major-General of Aviation.

Quite recently, on May 17, 2017, a well-known not only in Russia but also abroad pilot - cosmonaut Viktor Vasilyevich Gorbatko passed away.

This man participated in three space expeditions in his life, was one of the first chess players who played games between space and Earth. He is the 21st Soviet pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

In addition to a huge number of Soviet awards, he received awards from five countries, and for the last 16 years of his life he was the president of the Union of Philatelists of Russia.

Komarov Vladimir Mikhailovich (1927 - 1967) cosmonaut, twice Hero of the USSR, test pilot

Childhood and years of study

Vladimir Mikhailovich was born on March 16, 1927. He grew up in a poor janitor family. From an early age, he stared at the planes flying in the sky and launched kites from the roof of the house. Hometown - Moscow.

From the age of 7, he has been studying at the 235th school, which currently bears the number 2107. Having completed a seven-year course of general education there in 1943, at the height of the Great Patriotic War, he makes a fateful decision to become a pilot.

He made two space flights and stayed in space for 28 days and a little more than 17 hours.

short biography

Vladislav Nikolaevich Volkov was born on November 23, 1935 in Moscow in a family, all members of which were professionally engaged in aviation. His father was a leading engineer - designer of the largest aviation enterprise, his mother worked there in the design bureau.

It is natural that Vladislav dreamed of aviation since childhood. After graduating from Moscow school number 212 in 1953, he simultaneously enters the famous MAI - the forge of Soviet aviation engineers and, at the flying club.

Classes both at the institute and at the flying club were very successful.

Popovich Pavel Romanovich - Soviet pilot-cosmonaut number 4 from the first "Gagarin" detachment, a legend of Russian cosmonautics. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

short biography

The biography of cosmonaut Popovich is not much different from the biography of his peers. Pavel Popovich was born in October 1929 in the village of Uzin, Kyiv region, Ukraine. His parents were ordinary people.

Father Roman Porfiryevich Popovich comes from a peasant family, all his life he worked as a stoker at a local sugar factory. Mother Feodosia Kasyanovna was born into a wealthy family, but wealthy relatives abandoned her after her marriage, and the large Popovich family had a pretty hard time.

Pavel learned from early childhood what hard work is - he had to work as a shepherd, to be a nanny in a strange family. The difficult years of the German occupation left an imprint on Paul's appearance - at the age of 13 he became gray-haired. But, despite all the hardships of post-war childhood, the boy grew up very smart, inquisitive and was an excellent student.

From time immemorial, mankind has sought to fly. Perhaps it was their most desired dream. With the formation of modern civilization, people wanted not just to fly, but to reach the enchanting haze of outer space. And finally, they were able to realize the desire of mankind to go into outer space!

The first cosmonaut of the Soviet Union was, which entered forever into world history. Preparations for the flight of the world's first man lasted a little over a year, and, behold, on April 12, 1961, this historic moment took place. They met the pilot on Earth, as befits, to meet the heroes of the fatherland. Later, Gagarin was awarded many ranks and awards. The flight into space was soon repeated by an astronaut from the United States. After that, the struggle began to launch the first woman astronaut into space.

An event of unprecedented scale was the flight of the first female Soviet cosmonaut. Her journey to the stars began with the fact that by the age of 25 she was enrolled in the ranks of astronauts and, along with other girls, was preparing for flight into orbit. During the training, the project leaders noticed the activity of Valentina Tereshkova and her diligence, as a result of which she was appointed senior in the women's group. After only 1 year of preparation, she set off on a space journey that has remained forever in the history books - the first space flight by a woman.

The Soviet Union did not just launch the first cosmonaut into orbit, but opened a new milestone in the evolution of human technology and the level of development of mankind as a whole. were the first in everything that was connected with astronautics. Our state possessed the best technologies in the field of astronautics. We were the first not only in launching astronauts. The state held the world championship in the future in the field of launching manned flights and the operation of orbital stations.

We must pay tribute to the heroes of the Soviet Union - the cosmonauts - for their courage and devotion to their dream. It was they who marked the beginning of a new era of mankind - space. But do not forget about those outstanding people who have invested in this business not only labor and time, but also a particle of their soul. The achievements of Russian cosmonautics are worthy of being written about in textbooks.

Boris Valentinovich Volynov (b. 1934) - Soviet cosmonaut, twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

early years

Boris Volynov was born in Irkutsk on 18.12.1934. However, soon his mother was transferred to another place of work - to the city of Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region, and the whole family moved there. Until 1952, the boy studied at a regular high school, and already in his youth he was set on fire with the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bbecoming a pilot.

No sooner said than done: after school, Volynov went to Pavlodar, to the local military aviation school. Then he continued his education at the Stalingrad (now Volgograd) military aviation school. After training, he served as a pilot in Yaroslavl, later becoming a senior pilot.

Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev (1925 - 1970) - Soviet cosmonaut number 10, Hero of the USSR.

Pavel Belyaev is also known as an athlete and participant in the Soviet-Japanese War of 1945.

early years

Pavel Belyaev was born in the village of Chelishchevo, which today belongs to the Vologda region on 06/26/1925. He studied at a school in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky, after which he went to work as a turner at a factory. However, a year later he decided to devote himself to military affairs, as a result of which he entered the Yeisk Military Aviation School. So he became a pilot.

The Great Patriotic War had ended by that time (1945), but military operations against Japan were still ongoing in the Far East, and the young pilot went there.

Vladimir Dzhanibekov (Krysin) (b. 05/13/1942) is a very interesting representative of the national cosmonautics.

This is a man who has made several records in space flights. Firstly, he made a record number of flights in the USSR - five. Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev flew as many as six times, but this was already after the collapse of the USSR.

Secondly, in all five of his flights he was the commander. This record has not yet been surpassed by any cosmonaut in the world, and only James Weatherby repeated it, and even then only in his sixth flight, since he was not the commander in the first. Thus, Vladimir Dzhanibekov is the most experienced Soviet cosmonaut.

Valery Kubasov (1935 - 2014) - famous Soviet cosmonaut. He is known as a space flight engineer, and also as a participant in the famous Apollo-Soyuz program, during which the space stations of the two "superpowers" were docked.

Biography

Valery Kubasov was born in the city of Vyazniki, in the Vladimir region. He also went to school there. Since childhood, he dreamed of building airplanes, so after school he went to the Moscow Aviation Institute. Like many cosmonauts, Kubasov was an aviator in the early stages of his life.

Svetlana Savitskaya - test pilot, cosmonaut, Hero of the USSR (twice).

Probably everyone in the world knows who Valentina Tereshkova is. However, even after her, women continued to conquer space. Just next, after Tereshkova and the second female cosmonaut, was Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya.

She was a brilliant pilot, participated in two space expeditions, the first, among women, went into outer space and carried out work there, she became the only woman twice awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union. But first things first.

Viktor Gorbatko Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Major-General of Aviation.

Quite recently, on May 17, 2017, a well-known not only in Russia but also abroad pilot - cosmonaut Viktor Vasilyevich Gorbatko passed away.

This man participated in three space expeditions in his life, was one of the first chess players who played games between space and Earth. He is the 21st Soviet pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

In addition to a huge number of Soviet awards, he received awards from five countries, and for the last 16 years of his life he was the president of the Union of Philatelists of Russia.

Komarov Vladimir Mikhailovich (1927 - 1967) cosmonaut, twice Hero of the USSR, test pilot

Childhood and years of study

Vladimir Mikhailovich was born on March 16, 1927. He grew up in a poor janitor family. From an early age, he stared at the planes flying in the sky and launched kites from the roof of the house. Hometown - Moscow.

From the age of 7, he has been studying at the 235th school, which currently bears the number 2107. Having completed a seven-year course of general education there in 1943, at the height of the Great Patriotic War, he makes a fateful decision to become a pilot.

He made two space flights and stayed in space for 28 days and a little more than 17 hours.

short biography

Vladislav Nikolaevich Volkov was born on November 23, 1935 in Moscow in a family, all members of which were professionally engaged in aviation. His father was a leading engineer - designer of the largest aviation enterprise, his mother worked there in the design bureau.

It is natural that Vladislav dreamed of aviation since childhood. After graduating from Moscow school number 212 in 1953, he simultaneously enters the famous MAI - the forge of Soviet aviation engineers and, at the flying club.

Classes both at the institute and at the flying club were very successful.

Popovich Pavel Romanovich - Soviet pilot-cosmonaut number 4 from the first "Gagarin" detachment, a legend of Russian cosmonautics. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

short biography

The biography of cosmonaut Popovich is not much different from the biography of his peers. Pavel Popovich was born in October 1929 in the village of Uzin, Kyiv region, Ukraine. His parents were ordinary people.

Father Roman Porfiryevich Popovich comes from a peasant family, all his life he worked as a stoker at a local sugar factory. Mother Feodosia Kasyanovna was born into a wealthy family, but wealthy relatives abandoned her after her marriage, and the large Popovich family had a pretty hard time.

Pavel learned from early childhood what hard work is - he had to work as a shepherd, to be a nanny in a strange family. The difficult years of the German occupation left an imprint on Paul's appearance - at the age of 13 he became gray-haired. But, despite all the hardships of post-war childhood, the boy grew up very smart, inquisitive and was an excellent student.

1. The very first astronaut in the history of mankind Yuri Gagarin went to conquer space on April 12, 1961 on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. His flight lasted 108 minutes. Gagarin was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, he was awarded the "Volga" with the numbers 12-04 SAG - this is the date of the flight and the initials of the first cosmonaut.

2. First female astronaut Valentina Tereshkova flew into space on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft. In addition, Tereshkova is the only woman who has made a solo flight, all the rest flew only as part of crews.

3.Alexey Leonov- the first person to go into outer space on March 18, 1965. The duration of the first exit was 23 minutes, of which the cosmonaut spent 12 minutes outside the spacecraft. During his stay in open space, his spacesuit swelled and prevented him from returning to the ship. The cosmonaut managed to enter only after Leonov bled excess pressure from the spacesuit, while he climbed inside the ship head first, and not legs, as was supposed to be according to the instructions.

4. The first American astronaut to set foot on the lunar surface Neil Armstrong July 21, 1969 at 2:56 GMT. Joined him 15 minutes later Edwin Aldrin. In total, the astronauts spent two and a half hours on the Moon.

5. The world record for the number of spacewalks belongs to a Russian cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov. He made 16 exits with a total duration of more than 78 hours. Solovyov's total flying time in space was 651 days.

6. The youngest astronaut is German Titov He was 25 at the time of the flight. In addition, Titov is also the second Soviet astronaut in space and the first person to make a long (more than a day) space flight. The astronaut made a flight lasting 1 day 1 hour from August 6 to 7, 1961.

7. The oldest astronaut who has made a space flight is considered an American John Glenn. He was 77 years old when he flew on the Discovery STS-95 in October 1998. In addition, Glenn set a kind of unique record - he had a break between flights into space for 36 years (the first time he was in space in 1962).

8. American astronauts have been on the moon the longest. Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmit as part of the Apollo 17 crew in 1972. In total, the astronauts were on the surface of the earth's satellite for 75 hours. During this time, they made three exits to the lunar surface with a total duration of 22 hours. They were the last to walk on the moon and, according to some reports, left a small disk on the moon with the inscription "Here man completed the first stage of the exploration of the moon, December 1972."

9. The first space tourist was an American multimillionaire Dennis Tito, which went into space on April 28, 2001. At the same time, a Japanese journalist is considered de facto the first tourist. Toyohiro Akiyama, which was paid for by the Tokyo Television Company in December 1990. In general, a person whose flight was paid for by any organization cannot be considered a space tourist.

10. The first British astronaut was a woman - Helena Sharmen(Helen Sharman), which took off on May 18, 1991 as part of the Soyuz TM-12 crew. She is considered the only astronaut who flew into space as an official representative of the UK, all the others had, in addition to British citizenship, another country. Interestingly, before becoming an astronaut, Sharmain worked as a chemist-technologist at a confectionery factory and responded to an appeal for competitive selection of space flight participants in 1989. Of the 13,000 participants, it was she who was chosen, after which she began training in Star City near Moscow.

The most famous and famous astronauts in the world are almost all those who made this or that discovery, feat, or did something for the first time in the world.

Undoubtedly, the most famous is the first man to fly into space - Yuri Gagarin. The Soviet pilot made a huge step for humanity on April 12, 1961, when he reached space and made one revolution around the Earth. It is noteworthy that the man, whose smile is known throughout the world, collected cacti and was fond of water skiing. Unfortunately, the life of an outstanding cosmonaut ended prematurely during a training flight on March 27, 1968. On August 1, 1971, the Apollo 15 crew erected a memorial on the moon called "The Fallen Astronaut". The memorial is an aluminum plate engraved with the names of 14 cosmonauts, including Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.

Tereshkova Valentina Vladimirovna

In the Russian-speaking society, the second most famous cosmonaut is the first woman cosmonaut -. Despite the difficult life that required a lot of effort from Valentina Vladimirovna, from working at a fabric factory to exhausting general space training, Valentina made the dream of every Soviet child come true. On June 16, 1963, the first female cosmonaut and the 10th cosmonaut in the world, Valentina Tereshkova, reached space aboard the Vostok-6 spacecraft and circled our planet 48 times.

Leonov Alexey Arkhipovich