Concept of building apk safe city. APK "Safe City"

The need to use an open source operating system (OS) (Linux, etc.)

The source code of such programs is available for viewing, studying and modifying, which allows the user to control the operation of the program, take part in the finalization of the most open program, use the code to create new programs and correct errors in them. The open source operating system makes it impossible to install spyware and eavesdropping, and eliminates the possibility of information leakage. The difference of such an operating system is that the open source code excludes the presence of bookmarks.

OS with closed source codes (foreign manufacturers like Windows, MS-Office, Android, iOS, etc.) automatically implies the possibility of remote data management or removal of some information, making the system unprotected and vulnerable on the part of the owners of the source code.

Use of open protocols for data exchange between devices and software products.

This allows you to integrate software and equipment from different manufacturers into a single hardware and software complex. Otherwise, it is impossible to combine disparate devices and subsystems into a single HSC.

Visualization of the state of objects and territories in 3D GIS execution with binding of all components of the monitoring system (cameras, sensors, devices, etc.) to geographic coordinates and time.

This allows you to monitor objects located at different levels from the ground, including underground (communications, tunnels, metro), receiving an image familiar to the human eye on the screen, causing the display of the desired point in the area or room without selecting cameras aimed at the required point , but by a simple click-order on a point of the map-scheme, according to which images of all cameras are displayed on the screen, in whose coverage area the place of interest is located. PTZ cameras, in this case, automatically turn in the right direction (to the specified coordinates). In turn, in the event of a critical situation or an alarming event, the natural perception of the situation accelerates and ensures adequate decision-making and its correct implementation.

Linking all components of the security system on the 3D plan of the facility with a reflection of their functional state increases the efficiency of eliminating possible technical deviations in the operation of the system.

Encryption of transmitted data to the degree of object secrecy

The use of an electronic signature (ES) to ensure authorized access to information

The electronic signature identifies the owner of the ES certificate, and also protects against unauthorized changes to the information in the electronic document. The use of ES in security systems provides reliable protection against unauthorized access, personal responsibility for the transmitted information and its distortion (disinformation).

Polycentric construction of the security system

That is, the transfer of information is not carried out to a single center, where it is processed and further transferred to the user, but is analyzed and processed, and also stored locally at objects (distributed centers) and transmits events simultaneously to all users in accordance with their access rights through any information transfer channels. Disruption of the operation of a part of the system or its individual channels does not lead to loss of information and loss of performance of the entire system, which ensures its stability and reliability of life.

The use of domestic "software" in the creation of the agro-industrial complex "Safe City"

"Integra-S" and "CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS, INFORMATICS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS" conduct joint activities in the field of creating a unified integration platform for the security of State facilities. This project is unique and has no analogues, it is a completely domestic development, in which both Russian software - "Integra 4D-Planet Earth" and the Russian operating system - "Zarya" are combined.

Protected OS Zarya is a domestic certified Linux distribution and is designed to manage workstations built using a modern high-performance 64-bit architecture in secure automated special-purpose systems operating as part of data processing centers or separate software and hardware systems. Zarya OS is also used to create workstations for various purposes, designed to work with information constituting a state secret, commercial and personal data.

"Integra 4D-Planet Earth" allows you to provide effective integrated protection and control by integrating security subsystems into a single whole:

Result

Reducing the number of crimes committed on the streets and in other public places and increasing their detection.
Ensuring constant monitoring of the operational situation in places with a massive presence of people.
Increasing the responsiveness to citizens' messages.
Prevention of crimes and increasing the level of protection of objects of special importance.
Improvement of the traffic situation, reduction in the number of accidents and related consequences, intensification of work to search for stolen vehicles and persons who committed them, replenishment of the budget revenues.
Strengthening the protection of all forms of ownership, ensuring public order in the residential sector.
Strengthening the anti-terrorist protection of transport infrastructure facilities, ensuring public order during the movement of crisis groups (sports fans, extremist youth and other groups, etc.).
Increasing the investment attractiveness of the region.

An important role in predicting dangerous situations and the timely response of operational services to them, ensuring public order and public safety is played by modern means of warning about fire danger, burglar alarms, access control to facilities, and CCTV systems. In order to further improve the efficiency of the activities of the internal affairs bodies, counteract the growth of crime, ensure the safety of life and health of citizens on the streets and in other public places, traffic safety on the busiest streets and traffic intersections, the terrorist resistance of objects of special importance and life support facilities in cities, hardware -software complexes (APC) "Safe city". The complex, as a rule, includes: a distributed video surveillance network (RSV), a network of fixed emergency communication points "Citizen-Police" (PES) and a monitoring system for mobile means of law enforcement agencies (SMPS PO). The management of such systems is carried out centrally by the employees of the city ATC, for which the Situation Center (SC) of the APK Safe City is being created (Fig. 6.16).

Rice. 6.16 Functional diagram of APK "Safe City"

The purpose of creating the AIC "Safe City" is to increase the level of security in the main areas of life of the city's population, including anti-terrorist protection of places of mass stay of citizens, objects of various degrees of importance, as well as to increase the efficiency of law enforcement agencies by optimizing the management of forces and means of internal affairs bodies .

Tasks of APK "Safe City":

1. Ensuring public order in places of mass stay of citizens.

2. Ensuring the personal safety of citizens in the city and increasing their level of confidence in law enforcement agencies, reducing the "legal nihilism" of the population.

3. Ensuring the safety of objects of special importance.

4. Improving road safety, reducing the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences.

5. Ensuring the safety of educational institutions.

6. Ensuring the personal and property security of citizens, municipal property in the housing stock.

7. Ensuring the safety of citizens equipped with special security remote controls.

8. Ensuring the safe transportation of dangerous goods across the city through remote control and management of vehicles carrying them.

9. Ensuring the safe movement of VIPs around the city.

10. Detection of the facts of the theft of vehicles of citizens equipped with special equipment and remote control over them.

11. Creation of a unified information base of law enforcement agencies in order to use its data by interested departments and services to ensure the safety of the life of the city's population.

12. Improving the efficiency of law enforcement services at all levels.

13. Reducing the response time of operational services to emergency calls.

14. Reducing the level of street crime.

15. Increasing the detection of crimes and reducing the time for investigating crimes.

16. Prevention of offenses.

The general approaches to solving the tasks set are based on a systematic analysis of the situation carried out in the Situation Center and the identification of objects that require special protection within the framework of the operation of the Safe City APK.

The Situation Center is a group of premises equipped with equipment for receiving, processing, visualizing, transmitting and archiving all the necessary information circulating within the Safe City system.

The main functions of the City Situation Center are:

control on monitor screens for information coming from a distributed video surveillance network;
receiving information from citizens of the city through the network of stationary points of emergency communication "Citizen-Police" and responding to it;
monitoring of the network of stationary points of emergency communication "Citizen-Police" and the deployment of law enforcement forces on the electronic map of the city;
monitoring on the electronic map of the city of the location of protected VIPs;
monitoring on the electronic map of the city the routes of vehicles for the transportation of especially dangerous goods;
monitoring on the electronic map of the city the routes of stolen cars, protected by special security systems.

Placement of elements of the system of closed-circuit television of remote objects and stationary points of emergency communication "Citizen-Police" is carried out, first of all, at the following objects and sections of the territory of the urban district:

Objects and areas of the territory with an increased criminogenic situation;

Objects of culture and recreation;

Entertainment and sports facilities;

Places of mass stay of citizens during public events;

Places of the most frequent road traffic accidents;

Objects of the education system;

Objects of the healthcare system;

Life support facilities of the city district;

Objects of increased danger;

Public transport stops;

Areas of transport interchanges; bridges;

Shopping centers;

Objects of industry and communications;

Objects of local governments;

Law enforcement agencies.

The first eleven should be attributed to the main tasks solved within the framework of the system being created, so we will dwell on them in more detail.

Ensuring public order in places of mass stay of citizens includes:

monitoring the situation in: streets and squares, parks, territories adjacent to shopping and entertainment centers, sports facilities, other places of mass stay of people;
organization of monitoring the situation at railway and bus stations, airports; automatic detection of abandoned and forgotten items; search and face recognition.
prompt response to the complication of the operational situation and operational management of forces and means involved in the protection of public order;
prompt notification of law enforcement and other emergency services of the city about the occurrence or suspicion of occurrence of situations that threaten the life and health of people, the safety of their property.

The solution of this problem is carried out by installing surveillance surveillance cameras in places of mass stay of citizens and transmitting information to the situational center of the Internal Affairs Directorate and to the regional departments of internal affairs. Information is analyzed in real time by video surveillance operators and, in the event of an emergency, the video surveillance operator reports to the operational duty officer. The operational duty officer makes a decision in accordance with existing instructions. At the same time, all incoming information is stored in the video archive.

Ensuring the personal safety of citizens in the city and increasing their level of confidence in law enforcement agencies, reducing the “legal nihilism” of the population includes organizing an emergency communication channel for citizens with internal affairs bodies to obtain information about offenses, crimes, emergencies and promptly respond to messages received.

This problem is solved by installing PES terminal devices. It is advisable to equip such devices with a built-in video camera (similar to the video intercom calling unit) in order to visually monitor the development of events directly next to the emergency call button.

Such a signal from a citizen goes to the SC to the video surveillance operator, who, after registering the message, reports to the operational duty officer. At the same time, negotiations are recorded with subsequent archival storage and the location of the TPP is displayed on the electronic map of the city. The operational duty officer makes decisions according to the current situation, and the video surveillance operator monitors the development of the situation.

Ensuring the security of objects of special importance is the most important task of both the departmental security service and law enforcement agencies. A well-placed system of external video monitoring of such an object, inscribed in the structure of the "Safe City", will allow detecting threats at the early stages of their manifestation. In the event of threats of a terrorist or criminal nature that impair the functioning of these facilities, the video surveillance operator transmits an alarm signal to the operational duty officer, who makes a decision to prevent or eliminate the consequences of the identified threats, and also informs the relevant services.

Improving road safety, reducing the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences is ensured by:

organization of traffic monitoring; traffic flows; emergency traffic situations, including violation of traffic rules, traffic accidents;
automatic detection and registration of emergency situations, violations of traffic rules (violation of the speed limit, parking rules, crossing a double continuous line, driving under prohibition signs and signals) and vehicles - violators;
prompt response to emergency traffic situations, including notification of all interested authorities, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, disaster medicine, etc.;
search for stolen, stolen and escaped from the scene of a road traffic accident;
determination of license plates of vehicles;
monitoring of mobile objects of special services and, first of all, law enforcement agencies.

These tasks are solved by installing surveillance cameras on the main highways of the city and identification cameras to determine the state number of the vehicle for each lane. The incoming video information is analyzed by video surveillance operators, traffic police officers. In case of identified traffic violations or complications of the road situation, a message is sent to the operational duty officer of the traffic police regiment. At the same time, video information is sent to the server of a specialized software and hardware complex for automated processing and recognition of license plates.

Ensuring the safety of educational institutions is an urgent task. Of the potential threats that lie in wait for today's schoolchildren, it is worth highlighting the most characteristic of them, namely:

theft of personal belongings of students and teachers, theft and damage to school property;
acts of terrorism, taking children hostage;
alcohol, drugs, and student use on school property;
distribution among schoolchildren of unwanted publications of a pornographic, sectarian and other nature;
technogenic accidents and natural disasters .

An analysis of potential threats allows us to conclude that the security system of an educational institution needs the following subsystems:

video surveillance system;
point of emergency contact with the police;
Access Control System;
security and fire alarm.

Video monitoring of the school territory and internal premises allows you to quickly identify cases of unauthorized persons entering the school territory, prevent their actions that pose a threat to students, and register conflict situations and cases of violations of discipline, prevent damage to school property, theft of personal belongings of teachers. To ensure the safety of students and staff of an educational institution, as well as the safety of material resources, stationary video cameras are used, installed in the following places:

the outer perimeter of the school grounds;
passages / exits of the building;
halls and stairs, locker rooms;
canteens and buffets;
sports hall and outdoor playgrounds.

The network of emergency communication points with the police provides immediate communication with the operator of the Situation Center of the city's ATC for any student or employee of an educational institution.

The access control subsystem is another mandatory component of the security system. It is designed to ensure the identification of all entering the school through turnstiles equipped with readers. The system allows solving the problems of preventing unauthorized access to the school by unauthorized persons, monitoring student attendance with registration of the time of their arrival and departure, and a number of others.

The security and fire alarm system provides monitoring of the state of protected premises, buildings of an educational institution with the output of alarm notices to the centralized security point of the private security department.

Within the framework of the Safe City project, the first two subsystems are involved, and the outputs of signals are carried out, first of all, from the central entrance area to the educational institution.

Ensuring the personal and property security of citizens, municipal property in the housing stock is ensured by:

round-the-clock monitoring of the situation in the residential sector by video surveillance of entrances and courtyards, as well as, if necessary, entrances to the technical premises of residential buildings;
two-way communication with the enterprise dispatcher responsible for the operation of residential premises;
video monitoring of elevator cabins, basements, attics and other service premises;
prompt notification of law enforcement services about the occurrence of situations that threaten the life and health of people, the safety of their property, as well as the safety of municipal property.

These tasks are solved by installing video cameras in residential entrances and surveillance cameras in the local area. Video information comes through the server of the municipal engineering and technical center to the regional departments of internal affairs.

The system for ensuring the safety of citizens equipped with special security remote controls allows citizens who need additional protection to press a button on the key fob in the event of a threat of attack or for medical reasons. A radio signal will be sent to the Situation Center, and the duty center will send the nearest police squad to the disaster area.

The system for ensuring the safe transportation of dangerous goods through the city is designed for remote control and management of the routes of vehicles that transport dangerous goods through the city, and voice communication with their crews. To ensure safety, vehicles for the period of transportation of dangerous goods through the city are equipped with easily removable side kits.

The system for ensuring the safe movement of VIPs around the city allows you to:

authorized determination of the location of VIPs and their display on the computer screen of the City Situation Center on the electronic map of the city in real time;
voice conversations with the duty officer of the Situation Center;
transmission of alarms.

The creation of a unified information base of law enforcement agencies in order to use its data by interested departments and services to ensure the safety of the life of the city's population will allow:

to increase the effectiveness of the actions of the public security police units in preventing offenses and providing assistance to citizens;
increase the area of law enforcement control through the introduction of technical means;
to increase the level of information support of the duty unit of the ATC, which will make it possible to ensure the availability of the necessary forces and means of law and order in the right place and at the right time;
to reduce the response time of the internal affairs bodies to the messages of citizens, the complication of the operational situation;
improve the conditions for the service of police units;
exercise constant control over the service of the public security police units.

To solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out:

integration of information resources of various subsystems created within the framework of the system, automated public data banks, existing automated information systems through the EITCS into a single information space of law enforcement agencies, organization of authorized operational access of employees to information resources of general and special purposes in real time;
access to information resources of the regional and federal levels;
visualization on the electronic map of the city of the location of the duty squads of the patrol service, the installation sites of video cameras and emergency communication points;
organization of automatic documentation and analysis of information on emergency events and offenses with elements of forecasting the development of the operational situation;
use of the Oxion system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia to demonstrate video information in public places: the criminal situation that is developing in the city; orientations on wanted and missing citizens; preventive stories in the areas of public order protection (actions of citizens when suspicious objects are found in public places, district police officers, the state traffic safety inspectorate, private security);
protection of information circulating in the system, as well as data transmission channels.

Increasing the efficiency of law enforcement services of all levels, reducing the response time of operational services to emergency calls, reducing the level of street crime, increasing the detection of crimes, reducing the time for investigating crimes, and preventing offenses is based on the effective solution and development of the first eleven tasks.

Category: .

The "Safe City" project is a complex of software and technological tools that provides for the use of video-analytical solutions that contribute to the rapid identification and prompt response to various kinds of dangerous incidents.

Also, thanks to the "Safe City" concept, various services will be able to take timely measures for early response, identification and elimination of the consequences of most emergency situations. The Safe City project is based on the introduction of artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) in various security structures. Thus, the Safe City implementation process includes the use of AI in various environments, ranging from video surveillance tools that can timely and automatically record security breaches to remote control technology for various types of technical means.

The purpose of building and developing the hardware-software complex "Safe City" is to increase the overall level of public safety, law and order and the safety of the environment by significantly improving the coordination of the activities of the forces and services responsible for solving these problems, by introducing on the basis of the region, city / district ( in accordance with unified functional and technological standards) of an integrated information system that provides forecasting, monitoring, prevention and elimination of possible threats, as well as control over the elimination of the consequences of emergencies and offenses with the integration under its control of the actions of information and control subsystems on duty, dispatching for their operational interaction .

The effective work of public authorities in the course of the implementation of the Safe City project requires the availability of up-to-date comprehensive intersectoral information on the territory of management. The solution to this problem is geographic information systems. The geographic information system provides the possibility of forecasting and modeling the development of an emergency with local reference, analysis of the consequences and ways to prevent an emergency. The functionality of GIS allows you to solve a variety of tasks - from the analysis of such global problems as natural disasters, to solving particular problems, such as finding a house at its address or planning the laying of a pipeline on the ground.

The main tasks in the construction and development of the Safe City complex are:

formation of a universal communication platform in order to eliminate risks in ensuring public safety, law and order and security based on the interaction of services that ensure the safety of the population;
creation of a unified emergency call center "112"
ensuring information exchange between the participants of all existing programs in the field of security through a single information space, taking into account the differentiation of access rights to information of a different nature;
creation of additional tools based on the region, city / district to optimize the operation of the existing system for monitoring the state of public safety;
construction and development of systems for situational analysis of the causes of destabilization of the situation and forecasting of existing and potential threats to ensure the security of the population;
centralized management of the forces and means of ensuring public security in real time and based on statistical data obtained from a deep analysis of the results from monitoring tools.

The introduction of the 112 call processing system implies the creation of a single service for processing calls from the public, sensors and surveillance cameras. The operation of the 112 call processing system makes it possible to quickly use the information received from the population and make urgent decisions to eliminate incidents, ensure continuous monitoring of the state of social tension among the population, as well as analyze the effectiveness of providing assistance to victims, use the forces and means of various government agencies as soon as possible. services.

To control the operation of all city systems, ensure the safety of every resident, monitor all vulnerable points of the city infrastructure, obtain and archive information about all important events and promptly provide this information to all interested services, not isolated street video surveillance cameras are needed, but a complex information system. Such an automated system should accumulate, combine, analyze and group heterogeneous data coming from multiple sources.

The main goals and objectives that can be achieved as a result of the implementation of the Safe City project are:

ensuring the protection of public order and public safety;
increasing the efficiency of operations of operational services: the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the traffic police,
"Ambulance" and others, as well as the coordination of their actions;
suppression of antisocial behavior;
the ability to quickly obtain information from devices (surveillance cameras, sensors, sensors, meteorological instruments and devices) of the city and access to video archives;
strengthening the security of strategically important objects of the city;
fixing and timely response to illegal actions;
increasing the speed of alerting and providing up-to-date information to the population about the threat of critical situations.

Today, a modern city is a complex multi-level structure. Such a structure consists of many subsystems, which together make up the concept of "Safe City". At present, among these, the following types of subsystems can be distinguished: transport, telecommunications, power and water supply systems, as well as many others that function and interact with each other.

Description of the subsystems of the APK "Safe City":

system 112 - a subsystem for emergency calls of operational services by a single number "112", as well as for information interaction of the situational center with duty dispatch services (101, 102, 103, 104, 1050) throughout the city;
video surveillance - a subsystem for monitoring and controlling images using optoelectronic devices designed for visual control (cameras);
video analytics is a subsystem for automatic incident detection, i.e. detection of alarm situations, signal line crossing, forbidden parking, fire, etc.;
recognition and detection - a subsystem for selecting objects from streaming video, face recognition;
geoinformation system - a subsystem that allows displaying images of the terrain and specified objects (cameras) on the screens of the operators of the situational center;
photo and video recording - a subsystem for registering detected offenses and incidents for the purpose of their further processing;
security sensors - a subsystem for processing signals received from security sensors installed at facilities (banks, government agencies, commercial organizations, etc.).

The main positive impact achieved through the implementation of the Safe City project is the reduction of crime in the city and the provision of law and order. And the more perfect the system is built, the more effective the results. Where modern solutions are used, analytical tools that automatically respond to various incidents can be expected, first of all, to halve street crime, the number of accidents and deaths in road accidents. Another equally significant effect that the Safe City project has is an increase in the detection of crimes. Thus, thanks to video surveillance cameras, it is possible to quickly and with a higher probability recognize the identities of criminals, recognize and calculate their location and, of course, detain them. In the case of using systems of the past generation, the result will also be, but less impressive. The reasons are obvious: the operator sometimes has to look at several dozen screens, and in the course of this, after a while, he begins to miss incidents that he needs to respond to. Do not forget that old (or cheaper) cameras are not always able to capture significant information, for example, to identify the facial features of the offender or the number plate of the vehicle that violated the traffic rules, especially at night. So the already built system needs to be constantly improved.

For example, as a result of the implementation of this project, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, while at their workplace, can carry out emergency assistance in case of emergency. Emergency actions may include remote control of the fire system, de-energizing buildings as needed, as well as determining the number of people in emergency facilities. Thanks to the technological solutions presented in the Safe City concept, firefighters and doctors are on the scene much faster. This is especially evident in the work of firefighters. It is very important to contain and extinguish the fire before the fire turns from a nuisance into a full-fledged disaster. In such situations, a few minutes can make all the difference. The concept of "Safe City" implies a faster and more accurate response in emergency situations, namely:

determining the exact location using the Geographic Information System;
selection of the shortest paths, taking into account the density of traffic on the roads;
use of other innovative technological solutions during emergencies.

An important role is occupied by the issue of training specialists. Staff training can also take place directly at the workplace in a short time, thanks to an intuitive interface. It is already clear that the introduction of an integration platform with the simultaneous development of an information environment that combines existing and new technologies will allow creating a new qualitative level of ensuring the comfort of living for the population and will create conditions for a qualitative change in management and security models.

You can also think about the provision of various services for the population and business, for example, those related to monitoring the movement of people and transport. In this case, with tracking the movement of people and vehicles, parents will be able to see and control how their children go home from school, and the delivery service and their customers - how the couriers move. The Public Transport Authority can monitor it through the Geographic Information System. And the list of services does not end there. It is also possible to provide paid services for finding parking lots and monitoring the condition of older people based on their activity.

Turning to the problems that arise during the implementation of the project, it should be noted that the practice of foreign countries highlights the following difficulties:

interdepartmental interaction and lack of practice in the functioning of large-scale systems in the field of security;
expensive technologies: CCTV cameras, computer power, drones;
automatic recognition and integration of various databases into the information system;
automated monitoring and express analysis of traffic density on the roads (decision making based on express analysis);
the problem of synchronizing various Internet things, synchronizing various protocols, connections, developing a unified policy in the field of data transfer;
implementation of the implementation of the "Safe City" on the principle of "top-down" (based on the structure).

in the process of solving informatization problems, it becomes clear that technical shortcomings can be eliminated and only require careful comprehensive study and an individual approach, based on the structure and structure of the city. However, it is much more difficult to organize interdepartmental interaction, to determine the governing bodies and responsible officials;
due to the fact that the main part of equipment and computer capacities are purchased in such developed countries as China, Japan and Korea, the question of the budget arises. How much money should be allocated for the optimal implementation of the Safe City project? And in the process of finding an answer to this question, it is worth thinking about how to attract specialists from foreign countries to develop the technology production industry for this project;
automatic recognition and integration involve the creation of various databases, for example, a database of citizens, and further comparison with these databases in an automated mode. Those. the camera captures the offense - recognizes biometric parameters - compares with the database - transmits data to surveillance cameras - the camera system, in turn, starts monitoring objects;
automation in the process of monitoring and express analysis of traffic density, i.e. traffic density on the roads is one of the important and key roles in building a "Safe City". This integral part makes it possible to ensure a quick response of specialized structures to any incidents occurring within the city. Thus, ambulances, fire safety vehicles, as well as the Ministry of Emergency Situations can bypass traffic jams and reach the place of emergency in the shortest possible time;
the next problem is the synchronization problem. Synchronization refers to the so-called "Sharing the necessary resources". Those. all accumulated information should be automatically transmitted to all the main structures for ensuring the safety of the life of citizens. In other words, there should be a unified authorization system for all state structures;
implementation of the "Safe City" implementation on a "top-down" basis implies a clearly defined step-by-step management, starting from the top management to the executor. Those. stage-by-stage setting of tasks, consideration and further distribution.

In view of the presence of the above problems, the question arises: “How to approach their solution?”. Simply put, the main issue at this stage of implementation is the study of the above aspects. And in view of this, the following methods for solving the tasks are proposed:

no matter how ordinary it sounds, but the first and main solution to the emerging problem is the creation of a "Unified Center for Monitoring and Response". The next equally important factor is experience. A recruitment of experienced employees and specialists is required, as well as the creation of programs for further training in this area. In addition, it is recommended to attract specialists from foreign countries, where the concept of the "Safe City" has already been implemented and has been practiced for more than a year;
the issue of purchasing equipment and technologies should be given special attention, as they say: “The miser pays twice”, you should not save on equipment and devices so that problems and failures do not arise in the future. Below we will explain with the example of smart sensors.

A distinctive feature of smart sensors from conventional sensors is the ability to self-repair and self-learn after a single failure. Today, an intelligent sensor is understood as a sensor with built-in electronics, including: an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a system on a chip, etc., and a digital interface with support for network protocols for communications. Thus, a smart sensor can be included in a wireless or wired sensor network thanks to the self-identification function in the network, along with other devices:

The problem of automatic recognition and integration of databases lies in the fact that in order to solve it, a single database of citizens, vehicles, etc. should be created. This base must have full integration and compatibility with surveillance cameras, GPS navigators and other means in real time;
in the case of automated monitoring and express analysis, the issue of synchronization and integration of observation cameras and their compatibility with GPS navigators again arises. In the course of solving this problem, it is necessary to create a unified system for collecting, storing, analyzing and graphical visualization of spatial (geographical) data and related information about the necessary objects (in other words, a Geographic Information System - GIS). This GIS will allow you to calculate the location, the shortest route with the lowest traffic density and synchronize the above data with the vehicles of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, ambulance, Ministry of Emergency Situations and fire safety;
the problem of synchronizing various Internet things, synchronizing various protocols, connections, developing a unified policy in the field of data transfer have little difficulty, which lies in the fact that not all devices are fully compatible. In this connection, it is worth paying attention to this problem at the stage of acquisition and purchase of equipment. In addition to compatibility, another key point is the allocation of a separate high-speed and broadband data transmission channel;
The problem of implementing the top-down principle probably has one of the simplest but most important solutions. Thus, the solution of the above problem requires the correct prioritization and distribution of responsibilities. In the course of this, a structure should be carefully developed, according to which the “top-down” principle will be built.

Structurally, "Safe City" is a tree diagram. Each object is equipped with a whole complex of subsystems: a video surveillance system, resource accounting sensors, security and fire alarms, an access control subsystem, etc. All data from each object enters a single synchronized system (node). Such a node can also unite several objects - this is determined by the scale of the city, the convenience of data collection and the installer's decision. From the nodes, information is transmitted to the operational and technical center. Another variant of the system topology is also possible: there are no reference nodes, data from all objects are sent directly to the operational and technical center. Naturally, nothing prevents a developer from implementing a mixed Safe City topology, using different building options together. From a technological point of view, "Safe City" refers to hybrid systems, since it combines equipment and devices from various manufacturers into a single complex. The integrated architecture allows for the simultaneous management of all urban subsystems with the implementation of any functions, regardless of the type of installed equipment, its manufacturer, location, technical characteristics.

Summing up, I would like to say that the Safe City project has a huge potential and many advantages. Although at first glance the Safe City looks expensive, in a couple of years it will become obvious that the investments made in the Safe City project are justified. Indeed, in this case, the question arises of the safety of the inhabitants of the city, and as you know, the safety of citizens is above all. The invaluable speed of response to emerging emergency situations is complemented by the ability to easily and quickly analyze the actions of all services to eliminate the consequences. At the same time, law enforcement officers get the opportunity to quickly receive information about the situation in the city and, if necessary, use the materials of video cameras in investigative activities. However, when implementing the Safe City project, one cannot entrust all the work to “machines”. It is necessary to periodically improve, improve and update the complex of hardware and software. As they say, "by trial and error" to achieve the best result and not stop at these achievements.

In Odnoklassniki

Tasks of APK "Safe City":

Ensuring public order in places of mass stay of citizens.

Ensuring the personal safety of citizens in the city and increasing their level of confidence in law enforcement agencies, reducing the "legal nihilism" of the population.

Ensuring the safety of objects of special importance.

Improving road safety, reducing the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences.

Ensuring the safety of educational institutions.

Ensuring the personal and property security of citizens, municipal property in the housing stock.

Ensuring the safety of citizens equipped with special security radio remote controls.

Ensuring the safe transportation of dangerous goods throughout the city through remote control and management of vehicles,

transporting them.

Ensuring the safe movement of VIPs around the city.

Detection of the facts of the theft of vehicles of citizens equipped with special equipment and remote control over them.

Creation of a unified information base of law enforcement agencies in order to use its data by interested departments and services to ensure the safety of the life of the city's population.

Increasing the efficiency of law enforcement services at all levels

Reducing the response time of operational services to emergencies

Reducing the level of street crime.

Increasing the detection of crimes and reducing the time for investigating crimes.

Crime prevention.

The main functions of the City Situation Center are:

control on monitor screens for information coming from a distributed video surveillance network;

receiving information from citizens of the city through the network of stationary points of emergency communication "Citizen-Police" and responding to it;

monitoring the network of stationary points of emergency communication "Citizen Police" and the deployment of law enforcement forces on the electronic map of the city;

monitoring on the electronic map of the city of the location of protected VIPs;

monitoring on the electronic map of the city the routes of vehicles for the transportation of especially dangerous goods;

monitoring on the electronic map of the city the routes of stolen cars, protected by special security systems.

objects and areas of the territory with an increased criminogenic situation

objects of culture and recreation;

entertainment and sports facilities;

places of mass stay of citizens during public events;

places of the most frequent road traffic accidents;

objects of the education system;

healthcare facilities;

life support facilities of the city district;

objects of increased danger;

public transport stops;

areas of transport interchanges; bridges;
shopping centers;

industrial and communication facilities;

objects of local governments;

law enforcement facilities.

The first eleven should be attributed to the main tasks solved within the framework of the system being created, so we will dwell on them in more detail.

Ensuring public order in places of mass stay of citizens includes:

monitoring the situation in: streets and squares, parks, territories adjacent to shopping and entertainment centers, sports facilities, other places of mass stay of people;

organization of monitoring the situation at railway and bus stations, airports; automatic detection of abandoned and forgotten items; search and face recognition.

prompt response to the complication of the operational situation and operational management of forces and means involved in the protection of public order;

prompt notification of law enforcement and other emergency services of the city about the occurrence or suspicion of occurrence of situations that threaten the life and health of people, the safety of their property.

The solution of this problem is carried out by installing survey surveillance cameras in places of mass stay of citizens and transmitting information to the situational center of the Internal Affairs Directorate and to the regional departments of internal affairs. Information is analyzed in real time by video surveillance operators and, in the event of an emergency, the video surveillance operator reports to the operational duty officer. The operational duty officer makes a decision in accordance with existing instructions. At the same time, all incoming information is stored in the video archive.

This problem is solved by installing PES terminal devices. It is advisable to equip such devices with a built-in video camera (similar to a video intercom calling unit) in order to visually monitor

development of events directly next to the emergency call button.

Improving road safety, reducing the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences is ensured by:

organization of traffic monitoring; traffic flows; emergency traffic situations, including violation of traffic rules, traffic accidents;

automatic detection and registration of emergency situations, violations of traffic rules (violation of the speed limit, parking rules, crossing a double line, driving under prohibition signs and signals) and vehicles of violators;

prompt response to emergency traffic situations, including notification of all interested authorities, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, disaster medicine, etc.;

search for stolen, stolen and escaped from the scene of a road traffic accident;

determination of license plates of vehicles;

monitoring of mobile objects of special services and, first of all, law enforcement agencies.

server of a specialized software and hardware complex for automated processing and recognition of license plates.

theft of personal belongings of students and teachers, theft and damage to school property;

acts of terrorism, taking children hostage;

alcohol, drugs, and student use on school property;

distribution among schoolchildren of unwanted publications of a pornographic, sectarian and other nature;

man-made accidents and natural disasters.

An analysis of potential threats allows us to conclude that the security system of an educational institution needs the following subsystems:

video surveillance system;

point of emergency contact with the police;

Access Control System;

security and fire alarm.

Video monitoring of the school territory and internal premises allows you to quickly identify cases of unauthorized persons entering the school territory, prevent their actions that pose a threat to students, and register conflict situations and cases of violations of discipline, prevent damage to school property, theft of personal belongings of teachers. To ensure the safety of students and staff of the educational institution, as well as the safety of material resources, stationary video cameras are used, installed in the following places:

the outer perimeter of the school grounds;

passages / exits of the building;

halls and stairs, locker rooms;

canteens and buffets;

sports hall and outdoor playgrounds.

The access control subsystem is another mandatory component of the security system. It is designed to ensure the identification of all entering the school through turnstiles equipped with readers. The system allows solving the problems of preventing unauthorized access to the school by unauthorized persons, monitoring the attendance of students with registration of the time of their arrival and departure, and a number of others.

noah protection.

Ensuring the personal and property security of citizens, municipal property in the housing stock is ensured by:

round-the-clock monitoring of the situation in the residential sector by video surveillance of entrances and courtyards, as well as, if necessary, entrances to the technical premises of residential buildings;

two-way communication with the enterprise dispatcher responsible for the operation of residential premises;

video monitoring of elevator cabins, basements, attics and other service premises;

prompt notification of law enforcement services about the occurrence of situations that threaten the life and health of people, the safety of their property, as well as the safety of municipal property.

The system for ensuring safe movement around the city of VIPs allows you to:

authorized determination of the location of VIPs and their display on the computer screen of the City Situation Center on the electronic map of the city in real time;

transmission of alarms.

to increase the effectiveness of the actions of the public security police units in preventing offenses and providing assistance to citizens;

increase the area of law enforcement control through the introduction of technical means;

increase the level of information support of the duty unit of the ATC, which will make it possible to ensure the availability of the necessary forces and means of law and order in the right place and at the right time;

to reduce the response time of the internal affairs bodies to the messages of citizens, the complication of the operational situation;

improve the conditions for the service of police units;

exercise constant control over the service of the public security police units.

To solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out:

integration of information resources of various subsystems created within the framework of the system, automated public data banks, existing automated information systems through the EITCS into a single information space of law enforcement agencies, organization of authorized operational access of employees to information resources of general and special purposes in real time;

access to information resources of the regional and federal levels;

visualization on the electronic map of the city of the location of the duty squads of the patrol service, the installation sites of video cameras and emergency communication points;

organization of automatic documentation and analysis of information on emergency events and offenses with elements of forecasting the development of the operational situation;

use of the Oxion system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia to demonstrate video information in public places: the criminal situation that is developing in the city; orientations on wanted and missing citizens; preventive stories in the areas of public order protection (actions of citizens when suspicious objects are found in public places, district police officers, the state traffic safety inspectorate, private security);

protection of information circulating in the system, as well as data transmission channels.

Dispatching center of the interregional coordination center (DC MCC) for the Moscow region

The basis of the Security Corridor APK is satellite dispatching systems, in which vehicles determine their location using the global satellite systems GLONASS and / or GPS, and the location results are transmitted via communication channels to dispatch centers.

The central link of the satellite system of dispatch control of urban and suburban motor transport transporting special cargo is the dispatch center of the cargo carrier providing the specified transportation. In the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the security of vehicles carrying special cargoes is provided by the Interregional Coordination Center (ICC) of the GUVO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The objects of control are the vehicles assigned to it, carrying special cargo. The organizations interacting with the dispatching center are territorial executive authorities (Ro-

transnadzor, the Ministry of Internal Affairs (GIBDD) and the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia) and shippers (consignees).

The main functions of the dispatch control system for vehicles carrying special goods are as follows:

1.Monitoring, consisting in:

control of the location of vehicles, route, speed limit;

monitoring the condition of vehicles, their drivers, the condition of goods and conditions of transportation.

Making managerial decisions based on monitoring and other relevant information.

Bringing to the attention of the performers (drivers, persons accompanying the cargo, employees of the transport company, interacting organizations) the adopted management decisions.

Monitoring the implementation of decisions made.

The system of information support and monitoring of urban and suburban road transport of dangerous goods cannot replace the existing dispatch control systems. It should provide them with up-to-date and reliable data, i.e. be an informational, but not a control system. Therefore, the system under consideration should be assigned only the functions of monitoring, collecting, processing, presenting and displaying the received data, as well as, possibly, the functions of information exchange, including with interacting organizations. At the same time, the formation and coordination with the traffic police of traffic patterns of vehicles, operational management (formation of commands to the driver, decision-making on the use of reserve vehicles, etc.) should not be assigned to this system. However, all information necessary for the control of transportation by the internal affairs bodies and the organization of response to emergency situations should be transferred to the duty units of the internal affairs bodies. In the monitoring systems that are now common, this issue, as a rule, has not been resolved. In the best case, the internal affairs authorities are informed about an incident that has already taken place via telephone channels, without sufficient specification of information about the nature of the incident and the current location of the vehicle.

For the reliable operation of airports, integrated security must be ensured, the most important component of which is the engineering and technical security system, which allows you to provide reliable protection for any object, as well as detect and neutralize terrorist threats under almost any conditions and scenarios. World experience convincingly shows that the mere use of reliable technical means of protection, created on the basis of the latest technologies, can significantly reduce the percentage of terrorist attacks on protected objects.

The most important step in ensuring aviation security and protecting international airports from terrorist acts and other unlawful attacks is the installation of fences along the perimeter of the main territory of the airport and the perimeters of its vital centers.

Fences are engineering structures that prevent intentional or unintentional penetration of people and vehicles into the territory of a protected facility or into its individual sections. To protect the airports, the main, additional and warning fences are being installed.

Service checkpoints of airports for aviation personnel, employees of aviation enterprises and other persons carrying out their activities on the territory of the airport must have lock cabins with built-in automated control and access control systems, anti-cumulative fences, bulletproof protection for checkpoint personnel. The door or gate to the exit, for a person inside the airlock cabin, should be opened only after blocking the entrance door or gate of the airlock, determining the authority to pass (identification) and the number of

wa passers-by (telecontrol, weighing, etc.). The gateway is recommended to be equipped with:

metal detectors;

detectors of explosive devices and explosives;

detectors of toxic substances;

X-ray inspection devices.

The airlock cabin makes it possible to prevent passage under duress, for example, under the threat of using a weapon, the passage of a group according to one identification sign and to localize the intruder (violators).

Checkpoints through which vehicles pass must be equipped with automated devices for blocking their movement. The areas of possible access of vehicles from the outside of the fence must be equipped with devices for limiting the speed of their movement (reinforced concrete blocks, poles, etc., located in a certain order).

To detect an attempt to overcome the main fence of the territory of the facility and on the approaches to it, early penetration detection tools are used - perimeter alarm means. This allows security personnel to quickly respond to the appearance of an intruder and provide appropriate countermeasures. The choice of a perimeter alarm system for organizing the protection of airports and adjacent infrastructure areas is a rather difficult task, since the system must operate stably in extreme soil and climatic conditions for a given area and at high levels of electromagnetic interference. Today, to solve this problem, various types of perimeter alarms are being actively introduced: radio wave detectors (“Radiy”, “Fon”), optoelectronic detectors (“Vector”, “SPEK”), wire wave and vibration detectors, etc.

One of the most effective approaches to solving the problem of ensuring the integrated security of airports is the use of integrated security systems (ISS), which are a combination of security and fire alarm systems (OPS), CCTV systems (SOT) and control and monitoring systems on a single hardware and software basis. access control (ACS). Such systems provide:

a modular structure that allows you to optimally equip both small and very large distributed objects;

access control and management through entry points (doors, turnstiles, gateways, barriers);

video surveillance, video control and video recording of alarm situations;

management of fire automatics installations;

management of engineering systems of the building (air conditioning, heating, ventilation, warning, alarm);

secure protocol for exchange over communication channels, imitation-resistant signaling loops;

the possibility of using remote radio cards and electronic keys for arming / disarming;

voice warning of the duty officer about alarm events, the ability to record and play voice messages;

displaying the states of zones, sections, access points, control panels, readers, video cameras on graphic floor plans with detailed text explanations;

differentiation of powers of duty officers, operators, administrators due to a multi-level password system and the ability to connect biometric systems for restricting access to AWS programs;

logging of all events occurring in the system

advanced diagnostics of the health of all units and devices of the system

A successful fight against terrorism is impossible without special screening.

in search technology, which allows timely detection of almost all the means used by terrorists to commit sabotage, before they are used for criminal purposes.

A wide range of inspection and search tools is explained by the multiplicity of situations that arise during the operational work of law enforcement agencies, security services, search and investigative activities. Examples of such situations: control of visitors and customers for the presence of weapons and explosive devices; passengers at airports, their hand luggage and luggage; transport control; buildings; mail receipts and suspicious items; search for pre-installed explosive devices, etc.

The complex of engineering and technical means of physical protection systems is designed to provide anti-sabotage protection for anchorages of ships with nuclear power plants (NPP) and supply ships with nuclear materials. The complex is also designed to ensure the protection of seaport infrastructure facilities, as well as to create extended lines for detecting violators on the borders of protected areas from the coastline and solves the following tasks:

Optical detection and tracking of small surface targets in a protected area up to 10 km from a protected object;

Hydroacoustic detection and tracking of underwater targets in the protected area up to 1 km from the protected object;

Automatic notification and determination of target movement parameters (course, speed, depth);

Data transmission to the central control post of the protected facility and the security boat;

Issuance of target designation data for the means of destroying swimmers of violators;

Non-lethal impact on detected and classified underwater violators;

Ensuring the detection of objects on the borders of protected territories

To solve this problem, the Complex is advanced (or

its components) by a towing vehicle to the place of deployment, where it is deployed within no more than 24 hours.

The mobile control post is designed to control the Complex; collection, processing and storage of information, as well as for transportation (10 people) and long-term residence (4 people) of personnel serving the Complex. The post includes equipment for security television systems, wireless transmission of WI-FI video information, satellite telephony and television, VHF radio communications and radiation monitoring equipment.

A mobile post of a rapidly deployable physical protection complex is designed to create lines for detecting intruders at the borders of protected areas and to form zones for monitoring their movement inside the territories using a system of technical means of perimeter security alarms: seismic, vibration and radio wave detection tools.

The system provides covert automatic detection of violators moving at a pace or running, at the moment of their entry into the coverage area of technical means. Alarm notifications are received on the built-in screen of the information processing and display unit, informing about the location and direction of movement of targets.

The mobile post for collecting and processing surface and ground conditions includes a radar complex and an electro-optical detection complex.

The mobile post for displaying the underwater situation and counteracting underwater intruders includes a hydroacoustic underwater security complex and an installation for non-lethal impact on intruder swimmers.

A high-speed patrol boat with a rigid hull, a reinforced bottom that allows you to work in small ice and rocky terrain, an open cabin, an inflatable side made of durable synthetic material, an outboard motor is designed for prompt response and delivery of the squad to the place of an alarming situation. The equipment of the boat includes a complex of a gyro-stabilized optical-electronic system, a set of high-frequency sonar of a sector-view sound imager, a complex of a portable small-sized remote-controlled underwater vehicle and an underwater loudspeaker.

The complex of engineering protection means for the elements of the complex includes: a container with panels of a lattice fence system, a container with concertinas of a spiral reinforced barbed tape of a system of a pre-fabricated pyramidal-type security barrier.

Test questions
What are speech amplification tools used for?
How are speech enhancers classified?
What are the requirements for speech messages transmitted by means of speech amplification?
How is location determined using satellite navigation systems?
Classification of technical means of duty units.
The principle of operation of an automated warning system.
Principles of operation of the system for recording telephone conversations.
Purpose and structure of the hardware-software complex "safe city".
Purpose and structure of the hardware-software complex "security corridor".
What technical means are used to ensure airport security?
What tasks are solved with the help of a complex of engineering and technical means and physical protection systems for ship moorings?

Literature

Gavrilov L.N., Demidov V.A., Dosychev A.L. and others. Special equipment of the internal affairs bodies: educational and visual aid / under the general editorship of V.P. Salnikova, A.V. Shaitanova. - M.: IMTs GUK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2004. - 56 p.
Dekshne V.I., Silantiev Yu.N. Speech amplification tools: Textbook. - M .: UMTs at the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 1992. - 32 p.
Zarubin V.S. Technical systems of anti-terrorist and anti-criminal protection of objects: study guide / V.S. Zarubin - Voronezh: Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2009. - 194 p.
Guidelines for the use of satellite navigation and monitoring systems based on a radio navigation system
GLONASS in the interests of internal affairs bodies./ D.V. Dyachenko, Yu.A. Makarov, A.N. Poddubrovsky and others - M .: GU "Special Equipment and Communications" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2009. - 112 p.
Povalyaev E., Khutornoy GLONASS and GPS satellite navigation systems. // News of microelectronics. No. 1, 2010.

When creating the KSA of the functional blocks of the APK "Safe City" on the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation, centralized, decentralized and hybrid schemes of creation can be used that determine the technical and system architecture of the KSA of the functional blocks of the APK "Safe City".

Autonomous placement of computing and software resources for logical sites on the territory of individual municipalities;

Creation of a nodal centralized logical platform that ensures the functioning of the systems of the APK "Safe City" for municipalities in which logical computing platforms are not expected.

At the beginning of work on the creation of the AIC "Safe City" on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the decision of the head of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation should determine the municipalities on whose territory the segments of the agro-industrial complex "Safe City" will be built as a matter of priority (pilot municipalities or municipalities of the first stage) .

After the creation and commissioning of the systems of the APK "Safe City" in pilot municipalities, as well as after the analysis of the results of their implementation, it is recommended to implement measures to build the APK "Safe City" in all other municipalities of this subject of the Russian Federation.

The general scheme for the implementation of the APK "Safe City" is determined by the chosen scheme for the implementation of the KSA of the functional block "Coordination of the work of services and departments" (KSA Regional Platform and KSA ECOR) and determines the general scheme of intersystem interaction. In this case, the components of other functional blocks can be implemented according to other schemes (decentralized, centralized or hybrid).

When implementing the elements of the systems of the functional block "Safety of the population and municipal (communal) infrastructure", it is recommended to ensure the development and modernization of subsystems of intelligent video surveillance, networks of terminal devices of subsystems for ensuring protection against natural and man-made emergencies and fires, networks of terminal devices of subsystems for ensuring the security of housing infrastructure utility complex.

Simultaneously with the implementation of the systems of the functional block "Coordination of the work of services and departments" and the functional block "Safety of the population and municipal (communal) infrastructure", in order to provide sources for the formation of the revenue side of the budget, it is recommended to ensure the development of elements of the subsystems of the functional block "Transport Security", including systems for photo and video recording of violations of traffic rules and violations of the rules for transporting bulky and heavy cargo.

It is important to note that the geography of implementation of these systems should not be territorially tied to the municipalities in which the creation of the Safe City AIC systems is carried out in the first place, since these systems are regional.

Further development of systems is carried out in accordance with the chosen scheme for building the AIC "Safe City".

The subsequent stages of the implementation of the systems of the APK "Safe City" include:

Development on the territory of municipalities of subsystems of the functional block "Ecological safety", including the development of networks of terminal devices and means of analysis of subsystems for monitoring the state of the environment and subsystems for managing environmental risks;

Development on the territory of municipalities of subsystems for monitoring the duty plan of the city of the functional block "Safety of the population and municipal (communal) infrastructure";

Development on the territory of municipalities of subsystems of the functional block "Safety in transport", including subsystems for ensuring road safety (components of intelligent transport systems), subsystems for ensuring the safety of transport infrastructure facilities;

Replication of solutions implemented on the territory of pilot municipalities on the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation as a whole.

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