An exemplary educational program for a school in history. Exemplary program of basic general education in history

Status of the Model Curriculum

An exemplary subject curriculum defines the invariant (mandatory) part of the curriculum and, along with the requirements of the standard related to educational outcomes, is a guideline for compiling work programs for all educational institutions that provide basic general education. The exemplary program does not specify the sequence of studying the material and distributing it into classes. The authors of work programs and textbooks can offer their own approach to structuring the educational material and determining the sequence of its study.

The Structure of a Sample History Program

An exemplary history program at the level of basic general education contains the following sections:

An explanatory note that defines the objectives of teaching in this subject at the basic school, reveals the features of the content of the course in history at this level of education, describes the structure of the course in history and the sequence of presentation of the material, the requirements for the results of learning and mastering the course, the equipment of educational activities, the place subject in the basic curriculum (educational) plan;

· approximate thematic planning with a description of the types of educational activities of students in grades 5-9 and an indication of the approximate number of hours for studying the relevant material.

General characteristics of an exemplary history program

An exemplary program on history at the level of basic general education is based on the fundamental core of the content of general education (section "History") and sets a list of questions that are subject to compulsory study in basic school. In the exemplary program in history at the level of basic general education, the traditional focus of the Russian school on the fundamental nature of education has been preserved.

The place and role of historical knowledge in the education of the younger generation is due to its cognitive and ideological properties, its contribution to the spiritual and moral development of a person's personality. The social functions of historical knowledge have been recognized and used in different societies from ancient times to the present day.

In modern Russia, education in general and historical education in particular serves as the most important resource for the socio-economic, political and cultural development of society and its citizens. Beginning of the 21st century characterized by the dynamism of social processes in the country and the world, wide information contacts in the post-industrial society, globalization in various spheres of life, frequent and close interaction between representatives of various ethnic and social groups, etc. All this gives rise to new requirements for the general education of the younger generation. We are talking about the ability of school graduates to navigate the flow of social information; see and creatively solve emerging problems; actively apply in life the knowledge and skills acquired at school; productively interact with other people in the professional sphere and society in a broad sense, including in a multi-ethnic, multicultural environment, etc.

The role of the subject "History" in preparing students in grades 5-9 for life in modern society is largely related to the extent to which it helps them answer the essential questions of world knowledge, worldview and worldview: who am I? Who are we? Who are they? What does it mean to live together in one world? How are past and present connected? The answers presuppose, firstly, the perception by teenagers of younger and middle age of the fundamental values and historical experience of their country, their ethnic, religious, cultural community, and, secondly, their mastery of knowledge on the history of human civilizations and the characteristic features of the historical path of others on -kinds of the world. The subject "History" gives students ample opportunities for self-identification in the cultural environment, correlating themselves as individuals with the social experience of mankind.

The growing information and communication space of the modern world does not cancel this function of history, but enhances its significance.

History, based on reliable facts and objective assessments, presents a collective picture of the social, moral, creative, communicative experience of people. It serves as the richest source of ideas about man, his interaction with nature, and social existence. Building these ideas in accordance with the general line of time, movement and development, the subject "History" constitutes the "vertical" of humanitarian knowledge.

A significant contribution of this subject to the education and development of the individual is historicism as a principle of cognition and thinking, which implies the awareness of the belonging of social phenomena to a particular time, the uniqueness of specific events and, at the same time, changes, the movement of the very existence of a person and society. The study of history involves the correlation of the past and the present. At the same time, situations arise of a dialogue of times, cultures, ways of thinking, behavioral motives, moral and ethical systems, etc.

The goals and objectives of studying history at school at the level of basic general education are formulated as a set of value orientations and personal qualities that are priority for society, manifested both in the educational process and in a broad social context. The main goal of studying history in a modern school is the education, development and upbringing of the personality of a student who is capable of self-identification and determining their value priorities based on understanding the historical experience of their country and humanity as a whole, actively and creatively applying historical knowledge in educational and social activities. The contribution of the basic school to the achievement of this goal consists in the basic historical preparation and socialization of students.

Tasks of studying history in basic school:

· formation of guidelines for civil, ethno-national, social, cultural self-identification in the surrounding world among the younger generation;

· acquisition by students of knowledge about the main stages in the development of human society from antiquity to the present day in the social, economic, political, spiritual and moral spheres, with special attention to the place and role of Russia in the world historical process;

· education of students in the spirit of patriotism, respect for their Fatherland - the multinational Russian state, in accordance with the ideas of mutual understanding, tolerance and peace between people and nations, in the spirit of democratic values of modern society;

development of students' ability to analyze the information contained in various sources about events and phenomena of the past and present, guided by the principle of historicism, in their dynamics, interconnection and interdependence;

· the formation of schoolchildren's skills to apply historical knowledge to comprehend the essence of modern social phenomena, in communicating with other people in a modern multicultural, multi-ethnic and multi-confessional society.

Requirements for the results of learning and mastering the content of the history course

It is assumed that the result of studying history in the basic school is the development of a wide range of competencies in students - socially adaptive (civic), cognitive (cognitive), information technology, communicative.

The most important personal outcomes of studying history in elementary school include the following beliefs and qualities:

awareness of one's identity as a citizen of the country, family member, ethnic and religious group, local and regional community;

· development of humanistic traditions and values of modern society, respect for human rights and freedoms;

· comprehension of the social and moral experience of previous generations, the ability to determine one's position and responsible behavior in modern society;

· understanding of the cultural diversity of the world, respect for the culture of one's own and other peoples, tolerance.

The meta-subject results of studying history in the basic school are expressed in the following qualities:

the ability to consciously organize and regulate their activities - educational, social, etc.;

Possession of skills to work with educational and out-of-school information (analyze and summarize facts, draw up a simple and detailed plan, theses, notes, formulate and justify conclusions, etc.), use modern sources of information, including materials on electronic media;

the ability to solve creative problems, present the results of their activities in various forms (message, essay, presentation, abstract, etc.);

readiness for cooperation with fellow students, teamwork, mastering the basics of intercultural interaction at school and social environment, etc.

The subject results of the study of history by students in grades 5-9 include:

· mastery of holistic ideas about the historical path of the peoples of their country and humanity as a necessary basis for world understanding and knowledge of modern society;

the ability to apply the conceptual apparatus of historical knowledge and methods of historical analysis to reveal the essence and significance of events and phenomena of the past and present;

the ability to study and systematize information from various historical and modern sources, revealing its social affiliation and cognitive value;

· expanding the experience of evaluation activities on the basis of understanding the life and deeds of individuals and peoples in the history of their country and humanity as a whole;

· willingness to apply historical knowledge to identify and preserve the historical and cultural monuments of their country and the world.

Correlating the elements of schoolchildren's educational activity with the leading procedures of historical cognition makes it possible to determine the structure of the history training of students in grades 5-9 in the unity of its substantive (objective) and activity (subjective) components. It is assumed that as a result of studying history in primary school, students should acquire the following knowledge, ideas, and skills:

1. Knowledge of chronology, work with chronology:

indicate the chronological framework and periods of key processes, as well as the dates of the most important events in national and world history;

Correlate the year with the century, establish the sequence and duration of historical events.

2. Knowledge of historical facts, work with facts:

characterize the place, circumstances, participants, results of the most important historical events;

group (classify) facts according to various criteria.

3. Work with historical sources:

search for the necessary information in one or more sources (material, textual, pictorial, etc.);

compare data from different sources, identify their similarities and differences.

4. Description (reconstruction):

Tell (orally or in writing) about historical events, their participants;

characterize the conditions and lifestyle, occupations of people in different historical eras;

· on the basis of the text and illustrations of the textbook, additional literature, layouts, etc., compose a description of historical objects, monuments.

5. Analysis, explanation:

distinguish between a fact (event) and its description (a fact of a source, a fact of a historian);

Correlate individual historical facts and general phenomena;

name the characteristic, essential features of historical events and phenomena;

reveal the meaning and significance of the most important historical concepts;

compare historical events and phenomena, identify their common and differences;

· Express judgments about the causes and consequences of historical events.

6. Work with versions, estimates:

· give assessments of historical events and personalities set out in educational literature;

determine and explain (argument) one's attitude to the most significant events and personalities in history and their assessment.

7. Application of knowledge and skills in communication, social environment:

apply historical knowledge to reveal the causes and assess the essence of modern events;

· to use knowledge about the history and culture of one's own and other peoples in communication with people at school and out of school life as the basis for dialogue in a multicultural environment;

· contribute to the preservation of historical and cultural monuments (participate in the creation of school museums, educational and public events to search for and protect historical and cultural monuments).

Characteristics of the content of the basic general education in history

The selection of educational material for the content of an exemplary history program for a basic school is carried out taking into account the goals of the subject, its place in the school education system, the age needs and cognitive abilities of students in grades 5-9, the features of this stage of their socialization (expansion of legal capacity, obtaining a passport, etc.). ), a resource of study time allotted for the study of the subject.

The structure of the course and the sequence of presentation of the material. An exemplary program for the History subject at the level of basic general education provides for the study of Russian history and world history from antiquity to the present day in grades 5-9. In connection with the general course of national history, regional and local history is also considered.

The following content lines form the basis of school history courses:

1. Historical time - chronology and periodization of events and processes.

2. Historical space - the historical map of Russia and the world, its dynamics; reflection on the historical map of the interaction of man, society and nature, the main geographical, environmental, ethnic, social, geopolitical characteristics of human development.

3. Historical movement:

· the evolution of labor and economic activities of people, the development of material production, technology; change in the nature of economic relations;

Formation and development of human communities - social, ethno-national, religious, etc.; dynamics of social movements in history (motives, driving forces, forms);

formation and development of states, their historical forms and types; evolution and mechanisms of change of power; relationship between government and society; trends and ways of transforming society; the main milestones of political history;

the history of man's knowledge of the surrounding world and himself in the world; the formation of religious and secular teachings and worldview systems; development of scientific knowledge and education; development of spiritual and artistic culture; diversity and dynamics of ethical and aesthetic systems and values; the contribution of peoples and civilizations to world culture;

development of relations between peoples, states, civilizations (neighborhood, conquests, continuity); the problem of war and peace in history.

The through line, penetrating and connecting all of the above, is a person in history. It involves a description of: a) the conditions of life and life of people in different historical eras; b) their needs, interests, motives for action; c) perception of the world, values.

The content of schoolchildren's training in history at the level of basic general education is determined taking into account the activity and competence-based approaches, in the interaction of the categories of "knowledge", "relationships", "activity". It provides for both the mastery of key knowledge, skills, methods of activity, and the willingness to apply them to solve practical, including new problems.

The above provisions form the basis of an exemplary program for the subject "History" at the level of basic general education. The content of the subject "History" for grades 5-9 is presented in it in the form of two courses - "History of Russia" (which occupies a priority place in terms of teaching time) and "General History".

The course "History of Russia" combines the history of the state, the peoples inhabiting it, the history of the native land. This course gives an idea of the main stages of the historical path of the Fatherland, while attention is paid to a holistic and expressive description of the main historical eras - from tracing the course of the most significant social processes to describing turning, dramatic events and their participants. An important ideological task of the course "History of Russia" is to reveal both the originality and originality of Russian history, and its connection with the leading processes of world history.

When studying the history of Russia, students are supposed to turn to material on regional history, which presents a layer of historical knowledge, rich in visual and vivid information and therefore expressive and interesting for schoolchildren. It is assumed that within the framework of the course "History of Russia" part of the study time is devoted to the study of regional and local history (the number of such hours in specific topics is variable, since it is determined for individual regions in connection with the most significant stages of their history). It should be emphasized that, in general, we are talking about a multi-level consideration of the history of the state and the peoples inhabiting it, the history of the region, city, village, family. This contributes to the solution of priority educational and educational tasks - the development of schoolchildren's interest in the past and present of their native country, awareness of their civil and social identity in a wide range, including ethno-national, religious and other components, the development of historical memory and the education of patriotism, citizenship.

The course "General History" examines the characteristic features of the main historical eras that existed within their framework of civilizations, states, etc., traces the lines of interaction and continuity of individual communities, reveals the significance of the historical and cultural heritage of the past. This course plays an important role in the students' understanding of the historical conditionality of the diversity of the world around them, creates the prerequisites for their understanding and respect for other people and cultures.

An exemplary program in history at the level of basic general education is basic in the selection and presentation of historical material and, in this regard, is characterized by the following features.

1. Considerable attention is paid to the consistency and balance of the content of the material. This is expressed in an appeal to all aspects of history: economics, social and political history, international relations, cultural history, everyday life, etc. Framework proportions are established in the ratio of national and general history. More time is devoted to studying the history of Russia. Along with other reasons, this takes into account the fact that it is in the course of national history that final school exams and entrance exams to higher educational institutions are held. In accordance with the objectives of studying the subject at the level of basic general education in the course of national history, the material of a sociocultural nature has been expanded, which has an ideological significance, arousing interest in the past of the country and its peoples.

2. The Model History Curriculum at the Basic General Education level does not prescribe any single historical doctrine. It is assumed that the cognitive potential of the anthropological, civilizational, cultural approaches adopted in modern historical science can be effectively used in school courses. The program does not use appraisals or epithets belonging to separate concepts or ideologically colored. The list of mentioned historical figures is also minimal. At the same time, it is assumed that, in accordance with the content line “man in history”, the course and consequences of past events are revealed in textbooks and lessons through the deeds and destinies of people.

3. The selection of the content of the courses "History of Russia" and "General History" is carried out in accordance with a set of historical and didactic requirements. For the basic school, we are talking about a set of key facts and concepts of national and general history, as well as elements of methodological and evaluative knowledge. This takes into account the age capabilities and their own social experience of students in grades 5-9. A significant place is given to material that serves to develop in adolescents of younger and middle age an emotional and valuable attitude to events and people, the formation of a civic position.

The place of the subject "History" in the Basic curriculum (educational) plan. The subject "History" is studied at the level of basic general education as a compulsory subject in grades 5-9 for a total of 374 hours, in grades 5-8 2 hours a week, in grade 9 - 3 hours a week.

The courses "History of Russia" and "General History", set out separately in the exemplary program of the basic general education "History", are studied in practice synchronously and in parallel. When planning the educational process, the teacher himself can determine the optimal sequence of consideration of individual topics and plots for a particular pedagogical situation, the place of inclusion of regional material. In a number of cases, it is advisable to combine the study of subjects of national and general history (topics on the history of international relations and Russian foreign policy, the history of world wars, certain issues of the history of culture, etc.).

Sample Thematic Planning

Planning the study of the subject "History" at the level of basic general education is drawn up taking into account the Basic Curriculum (Educational) Plan, which allots 11 hours a week for the study of history from grades 5 to 9 (in grades 5-8, 2 hours a week and in grade 9, 3 hours per week).

The planning defines both the content and sequence of studying historical material, and the main activities of students (in accordance with the expected results of studying history). Thus, activity-based and competence-based approaches to learning are implemented.

The main unit of planning is the educational topic (a group of lessons). This helps to systematically present the main issues of the course content, to overcome fragmentation in the selection of educational material. The requirements for the activities of schoolchildren are set out in an exemplary thematic planning in the form of a list of necessary actions with historical material. The elements of preparing schoolchildren, which involve knowledge of dates, facts, names, etc., are not reflected in a special planning column, but are implied as the basis of any activity in the study of history.

The presented version of the approximate thematic planning is of a framework, recommendatory nature. The choice of forms of classes and the distribution of teaching hours within the framework of the topic, block of lessons is carried out by the teacher. He also formulates and distributes specific tasks, taking into account the age and individual abilities of schoolchildren, as well as the availability of teaching aids and additional sources of historical information.

An approximate list of objects for conducting excursions in history

Historical and cultural centers of cities and settlements (architectural complexes of kremlins, castles and palaces, urban quarters, etc.).

Places of historical events, monuments of history and culture.

Military memorials, monuments of military glory.

Local history, ethnographic, historical-literary, art and other museums (including open-air museums).

Sites of archaeological excavations.

History curriculum includes:

textbooks (in book and electronic form);

Readers, collections of documents;

· historical atlases;

· wall maps, tables, illustrations, cartographic and visual electronic materials;

workbooks, contour maps;

collections of assignments, electronic training programs;

reference books, encyclopedias (in book and electronic form);

books to read.

These materials can be presented both in the form of traditional publications and on electronic media.

A set of methodological materials and manuals for teachers includes:

program and regulatory documents;

thematic planning;

subject and course methodical manuals;

You can buy or order the program by

5-9 GRADES

Explanatory note Status of the model curriculum

The Structure of a Sample History Program

An exemplary history program at the level of basic general education contains the following sections:

General characteristics of an exemplary history program

The role of the subject "History" in preparing students in grades 5-9 for life in modern society is largely related to the extent to which it helps them answer the essential questions of world knowledge, worldview and worldview: who am I? Who are we? Who are they? What does it mean to live together in one world? How are past and present connected? The answers presuppose, firstly, the perception by adolescents of younger and middle age of the fundamental values and historical experience of their country, their ethnic, religious, cultural community, and, secondly, their mastery of knowledge on the history of human civilizations and the characteristic features of the historical path of other peoples peace. The subject "History" gives students ample opportunities for self-identification in the cultural environment, correlating themselves as individuals with the social experience of mankind. The growing information and communication space of the modern world does not cancel this function of history, but enhances its significance.

Goals and objectives of studying history at school at the level of basic general education, they are formulated as a set of value orientations and personal qualities that are priority for society, manifested both in the educational process and in a broad social context. The main goal of studying history in modern school - education, development and upbringing of the student's personality, capable of self-identification and determination of their value priorities on the basis of understanding the historical experience of their country and humanity as a whole, actively and creatively applying historical knowledge in educational and social activities. The contribution of the basic school to the achievement of this goal consists in the basic historical preparation and socialization of students.

Tasks of studying history in basic school:

· formation of guidelines for civil, ethno-national, social, cultural self-identification in the surrounding world among the younger generation;

EXAMPLE PROGRAM OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION
HISTORY

A BASIC LEVEL OF

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The study of history at the level of basic general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

· upbringing patriotism, respect for the history and traditions of our Motherland, human rights and freedoms, democratic principles of public life;

The settlement of the territory of our country. The peoples on the territory of Russia until the middle of the 1st millennium BC. City-states of the Northern Black Sea region. Scythian kingdom. Turkic Khaganate. Khazar Khaganate. Volga Bulgaria. Eastern Slavs: resettlement, neighbors, occupations, social system. Nomadic peoples of the Steppe. Paganism. Spread of Christianity, Islam, Judaism.

Russia in the 9th - early 12th centuries.

Neighborhood community. City. Novgorod and Kyiv are the centers of ancient Russian statehood. Formation of the Old Russian state. Rurikovich. Vladimir I. Baptism of Russia. Yaroslav the Wise. "Russian Truth". Princely feuds. Vladimir Monomakh. International Relations of Ancient Russia.

Political fragmentation of Russia. Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Galicia-Volyn principality. Novgorod boyar republic. The struggle against external aggression in the XIII century. Mongol conquest. Golden Horde. Expansion from the West. Alexander Nevskiy. Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The beginning of the unification of Russian lands. Forms of land ownership and economy. Ivan Kalita. Kulikovo battle. Dmitry Donskoy. The role of the church in the public life of Russia. Sergius of Radonezh.

The Russian state in the second half of the XV - XVII centuries.

The overthrow of the Golden Horde yoke. Ivan III. Completion of the unification of Russian lands around Moscow. The formation of the authorities of the Russian state. Sudebnik 1497 Localism.

Ivan IV the Terrible. Establishment of royal power. Reforms of the middle of the XVI century. Zemsky cathedrals. Expansion of the territory of the state (accession of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, Western Siberia). Cossacks. Livonian war. Oprichnina.

Time of Troubles. The establishment of serfdom. Termination of the Rurik dynasty. Impostors. Struggle against foreign expansion. K.Minin. D. Pozharsky.

Russia under the first Romanovs. Elimination of the consequences of the Troubles. Cathedral code of 1649. Legal registration of serfdom. Development of trade relations. Manufactories. Command system. Cancellation of locality. Church split. Nikon and Avvakum. Social movements of the second half of the 17th century. Stepan Razin. Foreign policy of Russia in the XVII century. Accession of the Left-Bank Ukraine to Russia on the rights of autonomy. Completion of the annexation of Siberia.

Culture of the peoples of our country from ancient times to the end of the 17th century.

The formation of ancient Russian culture: folklore, writing, painting, architecture. Religious and cultural influence of Byzantium. The originality of artistic traditions in the Russian lands and principalities during the period of cultural upsurge in the XII - early XIII centuries.

Mongol conquest and Russian culture.

Formation of the culture of the Russian state. Chronicle. Moscow Kremlin. Andrei Rublev. Typography. Ivan Fedorov. Secularization of culture in the 17th century. Life and customs of pre-Petrine Russia.

Motherland (from ancient times to the end of the 17th century)

Changes in the first quarter of the 18th century Peter I. Factory building. Creation of a regular army and navy. North War. Formation of the Russian Empire. Absolutism. Table of ranks. The subordination of the church to the state.

Palace revolutions. Favoritism. Expansion of the rights and privileges of the nobility . Enlightened absolutism of Catherine II. Formation of the estate structure. social movements. E.I. Pugachev. Russia in the wars of the second half of the XVIII century. A.V. Suvorov. F.F. Ushakov. Accession of new territories.

Domestic policy in the first half of the XIX century. MM. Speransky. Patriotic War of 1812 Russia and the formation of the Holy Alliance.

The feudal nature of the economy and the emergence of capitalist relations. Decembrist movement. Social thought in the second quarter of the 19th century: official state ideology, Westernizers and Slavophiles, utopian socialism . The beginning of the industrial revolution. Annexation of the Caucasus. Crimean War.

Russia in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries.

The Great Reforms of the 1860s - 1870s Alexander II . Abolition of serfdom. Completion of the industrial revolution. Formation of classes of industrial society. Counter-reforms in the 1880s Social movements of the second half of the XIX century. National Policy. Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878 Russia in military-political blocs.

Industrial rise at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. state capitalism. Formation of monopolies. Foreign capital in Russia. S.Yu. Witte. Aggravation of social contradictions in the conditions of forced modernization. Russo-Japanese War. Revolution 1905-1907 Manifesto October 17th. The State Duma. Political movements and parties. P.A. Stolypin. agrarian reform.

The threat of a national catastrophe. Revolution in Russia in 1917 Fall of the monarchy. Provisional Government and Soviets.

Russian culture in the XVIII - early XX centuries.

Secular, rational nature of culture: science and education, literature and art. The relationship and mutual influence of Russian and world culture. M.V. Lomonosov. N.I. Lobachevsky. DI. Mendeleev. Democratic tendencies in cultural life at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries.

Motherland (in the XVIII - early XX centuries)

Soviet Russia - USSR in 1917-1991.

Proclamation of Soviet power in October 1917 IN AND. Lenin. Constituent Assembly. The policy of the Bolsheviks and the establishment of a one-party dictatorship. The collapse of the Russian Empire . Russia's exit from the First World War.

Civil War. Red and white. foreign intervention."War Communism".

New economic policy. Start of economic recovery. Education of the USSR. Search for ways to build socialism. Soviet model of modernization. Industrialization. The collectivization of agriculture. Fundamental changes in the spiritual life. Formation of a centralized (command) economy. The power of the party-state apparatus. I.V. Stalin. Mass repression. Constitution of 1936 USSR in the system of international relations in the 1920s - 1930s.

USSR in World War II. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: stages and major battles of the war. Moscow battle. The Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Kursk are a radical turning point in the course of the war. The contribution of the USSR to the liberation of Europe. G.K. Zhukov. Soviet rear during the war. Genocide in the occupied territory. partisan movement. USSR in the anti-Hitler coalition. Results of the Great Patriotic War.

Post-war reconstruction of the economy. Ideological campaigns of the late 40s - early 50s."Thaw". XX Congress of the CPSU. N.S. Khrushchev. Reforms of the second half of 1950 - early 1960s. Slowdown in economic development."Stagnation". L.I. Brezhnev . Crisis of the Soviet system.

Foreign policy of the USSR in 1945 - 1980s. Cold War. Achievement of military-strategic parity. Discharge. Afghan war.

Perestroika. Contradictions and failures of the "acceleration" strategy. Democratization of political life. M.S.Gorbachev. Exacerbation of interethnic contradictions. August events of 1991. The collapse of the USSR. CIS education.

Culture of Soviet society

Adoption of the Marxist-Leninist ideology. Elimination of illiteracy. Socialist realism in literature and art. Achievements of Soviet education, science and technology. Opposition moods in society.

Modern Russia

Formation of the Russian Federation as a sovereign state. B.N. Yeltsin. Transition to a market economy. October 1993 events Adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Russian society in the conditions of reforms. V.V. Putin. A course towards strengthening statehood, economic recovery and social stability. Cultural life of modern Russia. Russia in the world community.

Motherland (in the twentieth century)

EXAMPLE PROGRAM OF SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION
HISTORY

A BASIC LEVEL OF

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The study of history at the basic level of secondary (complete) general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

· upbringing citizenship, national identity, the development of students' worldview beliefs on the basis of their understanding of historically established cultural, religious, ethno-national traditions, moral and social attitudes, ideological doctrines;

· development the ability to understand the historical conditionality of the phenomena and processes of the modern world, to determine one's own position in relation to the surrounding reality, to correlate one's views and principles with historically emerged worldview systems;

· development systematized knowledge about the history of mankind, the formation of a holistic view of the place and role of Russia in the world-historical process;

· mastery skills and abilities of search, systematization and complex analysis of historical information;

· formation historical thinking - the ability to consider events and phenomena from the point of view of their historical conditionality, to compare different versions and assessments of historical events and personalities, to determine one's own attitude to the debatable problems of the past and the present.

MANDATORY MINIMUM MAINTENANCE
BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

History as a science

History in the system of the humanities. Basic concepts of the historical development of mankind.

GENERAL HISTORY

The oldest stage of human history

Natural and social in man and the human community of the primitive era. neolithic revolution . Changes in the way of life and forms of social ties.

Civilizations of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages

Traditional society: social ties, economic life, political relations. Archaic civilizations of Antiquity. Mythological picture of the world.

Ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean. Formation of the scientific form of thinking in ancient society.

Formation of Indo-Buddhist, Chinese-Confucian, Judeo-Christian spiritual traditions. The emergence of a religious picture of the world. Social norms, spiritual values, philosophical thought in ancient society.

The emergence of Islamic civilization. Islamic spiritual culture and philosophical thought in the Middle Ages.

Christian medieval civilization in Europe, its regional features and dynamics of development. Orthodoxy and Catholicism. The crisis of European medieval society in the XIV-XV centuries.

New time: the era of modernization

Modernization as a process of transition from traditional to industrial society . Great geographical discoveries and the beginning of European colonial expansion. Formation of a new spatial perception of the world. Changing the Role of Technogenic and Economic Factors of Social Development in the Course of Modernization. Commercial and manufacturing capitalism. Innovations in the way of life, the nature of thinking, value orientations and social norms in the Renaissance and Reformation.

From estate-representative monarchies to absolutism. Change in the ideological and legal foundations of statehood. Bourgeois revolutions of the XVII-XIX centuries. Ideology of the Enlightenment and constitutionalism. The emergence of ideological and political currents. The formation of civil society.

Technological progress in the 18th - mid-19th centuries. Industrial revolution. The development of capitalist relations and the social structure of industrial society in the 19th century. Different models of transition from traditional to industrial society in European countries. The worldview of a person in an industrial society. Formation of the classical scientific picture of the world. Features of the spiritual life of modern times.

Traditional societies of the East in the conditions of European colonial expansion.

The evolution of the system of international relations at the end of the 15th - the middle of the 19th centuries.

From New to Recent History:
ways of development of industrial society

Scientific and technological progress at the end of the 19th - the last third of the 20th centuries. The problem of periodization of scientific and technological revolution. Cycles of economic development of Western countries in the late XIX - mid XX centuries. From monopoly capitalism to a mixed economy. The evolution of property, labor relations and entrepreneurship. Changing the social structure of industrial society.

The crisis of classical ideologies at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. and search for new models of social development. Social liberalism, social democracy, Christian democracy. Democratization of social and political life and development of the rule of law. Youth, anti-war, environmental, feminist movements. The problem of political terrorism.

Systemic crisis of industrial society at the turn of the 1960s - 1970s.

Models of accelerated modernization in the twentieth century. The historical nature of totalitarianism and authoritarianism of modern times. Marginalization of society in the context of accelerated modernization. Political ideology of a totalitarian type. State-legal systems and socio-economic development of society in conditions of totalitarian and authoritarian dictatorships.

"Newly industrialized countries" of Latin America and Southeast Asia: authoritarianism and democracy in political life, economic reforms. National liberation movements and regional features of the modernization process in Asia and Africa.

The main stages in the development of the system of international relations in the late XIX - mid-XX centuries. World wars in the history of mankind: socio-psychological, demographic, economic and political causes and consequences.

Public consciousness and spiritual culture in the period of modern history. Formation of a non-classical scientific picture of the world. Worldview bases of realism and modernism. Technocracy and irrationalism in the public consciousness of the twentieth century.

Humanity in Transition
towards the information society

Discussion about the post-industrial stage of social development. Information revolution and the formation of the information society. Property, labor and creativity in the information society. Features of modern socio-economic processes in the countries of the West and East. Globalization of social development at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. Internationalization of the economy and the formation of a single information space. Integration and disintegration processes in the modern world.

The crisis of political ideology at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries."Neo-Conservative Revolution". The modern ideology of the "third way". Antiglobalism. Religion and church in modern public life. ecumenism. Reasons for the revival of religious fundamentalism and nationalist extremism at the beginning of the 21st century.

Features of the spiritual life of modern society. Changes in the scientific picture of the world. Worldview foundations of postmodernism. The role of elite and mass culture in the information society.

RUSSIAN HISTORY

The history of Russia is part of world history.

Peoples and ancient states on the territory of Russia

Transition from an appropriating economy to a producing one. Settled and nomadic economy. The emergence of metal tools and their impact on primitive society. Great Migration. Proto-Slavs. East Slavic tribal unions and neighbors. Occupations, social system and beliefs of the Eastern Slavs.

Russia in the 9th - early 12th centuries.

The origin of statehood among the Eastern Slavs. tribute and allegiance. Princes and squad. Veche orders. Acceptance of Christianity. Law in Russia. Categories of the population. Princely feuds.

Christian culture and pagan traditions. Contacts with cultures of the West and East. Byzantine influence. The culture of Ancient Russia as one of the factors in the formation of the Old Russian people.

Russian lands and principalities in the XII - the middle of the XV centuries.

Causes of the collapse of the Old Russian state. The largest lands and principalities. Monarchies and republics. Russia and the Steppe. The idea of the unity of the Russian land.

Formation of the Mongolian state. Mongol invasion. Inclusion of Russian lands in the control system of the Mongol Empire. Golden Horde. The role of the Mongol conquest in the history of Russia. Expansion from the West. Struggle against crusader aggression: results and significance. Russian lands within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Restoration of the economy of Russian lands. Forms of land tenure and categories of the population. The role of cities in the unification process.

The struggle for political hegemony in North-Eastern Russia. Moscow as the center of the unification of Russian lands. The relationship between the processes of unification of Russian lands and liberation from the Horde dominion. The birth of national identity.

Grand Duchy of Moscow in the system of international relations. Adoption of Islam by the Horde. Autocephaly of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Cultural development of Russian lands and principalities. The influence of external factors on the development of Russian culture.

The Russian state in the second half of the XV-XVII centuries.

Completion of the unification of Russian lands and the formation of the Russian state. The overthrow of the Golden Horde yoke . "Moscow is the third Rome". The role of the church in state building. Changes in the social structure of society and forms of feudal land tenure. Features of the formation of a centralized state in Russia. The growth of the international prestige of the Russian state. Formation of the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples.

Establishment of royal power. Reforms of the middle of the XVI century. Creation of bodies of estate-representative monarchy. Oprichnina. Enslavement of the peasants. Oprichnina. Enslavement of the peasants. Establishment of the Patriarchate. Expansion of the state territory in the XVI century.

Trouble. The suppression of the ruling dynasty. Exacerbation of socio-economic contradictions. The fight against the Commonwealth and Sweden.

Restoration of autocracy. First Romanovs. The growth of the territory of the state. Legal registration of serfdom. New phenomena in the economy: the beginning of the formation of the all-Russian market, the formation of manufactories. Church split. Old Believers. Social movements of the 17th century.

Formation of national identity. The development of the culture of the peoples of Russia in the XV - XVII centuries. The strengthening of secular elements in Russian culture of the 17th century.

Russia in the 18th – mid-19th centuries.

Peter's transformations. Proclamation of an empire. Absolutism. The transformation of the nobility into the ruling class. Preservation of serfdom in the conditions of modernization. Russia during the period of palace coups. Consolidation of class society. Reforms of the state system in the first half of the XIX century.

Features of the Russian economy in the 18th - the first half of the 19th century: the dominance of serfdom and the emergence of capitalist relations. The beginning of the industrial revolution.

Russian Enlightenment. Decembrist movement . Conservatives. Slavophiles and Westernizers. Russian utopian socialism.

The transformation of Russia into a world power in the XVIII century. Patriotic War of 1812 Imperial foreign policy of Russia. Crimean War.

The culture of the peoples of Russia and its connection with the European and world culture of the 18th - the first half of the 19th century.

Russia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.

Reforms of the 1860s - 1870s The abolition of serfdom. The development of capitalist relations in industry and agriculture. Preservation of the remnants of serfdom. Autocracy, estate system and modernization processes. The policy of counter-reforms. Russian monopoly capitalism and its features. The role of the state in the economic life of the country. Reforms S.Yu. Witte. Agrarian reform P.A. Stolypin. The growth of economic and social contradictions in the conditions of forced modernization.

Ideological currents, political parties and social movements in Russia at the turn of the century. Revolution 1905-1907 The formation of Russian parliamentarism.

Spiritual life of Russian society in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Development of the education system, scientific achievements of Russian scientists.

"Eastern Question" in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. Russia in the system of military-political alliances at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Russo-Japanese War.

Russia in the First World War. The impact of the war on Russian society.

Revolution and Civil War in Russia

Revolution of 1917 Provisional Government and Soviets. Tactics of political parties. Proclamation and approval of Soviet power. Constituent Assembly. Brest peace. Formation of a one-party system.

Civil war and foreign intervention. Political programs of the parties involved. The policy of "war communism". "White" and "Red" terror. Russian emigration.

Transition to a new economic policy.

USSR in 1922-1991

Education of the USSR. Choice of merging paths. Nation-state building.

Party discussions about the ways of socialist modernization of society. The concept of building socialism in a single country. The cult of personality of I.V. Stalin. Mass repression. Constitution of 1936

Reasons for curtailing the new economic policy. Industrialization. Collectivization. "Cultural Revolution". Creation of the Soviet education system. The ideological foundations of Soviet society.

Diplomatic recognition of the USSR. Foreign policy strategy of the USSR between the world wars.

The Great Patriotic War. The main stages of military operations. Soviet military art. The heroism of the Soviet people during the war. partisan movement. Rear during the war years. Ideology and culture during the war. USSR in the anti-Hitler coalition. The role of the USSR in World War II.

Restoration of the economy. Ideological campaigns of the late 1940s Formation of the world socialist system. "Cold War" and its impact on the economy and foreign policy of the country. Mastery of the USSR nuclear missile weapons.

Attempts to overcome the cult of personality. XX Congress of the CPSU. Economic reforms of the 1950s - 1960s, reasons for their failures. The concept of building communism. The theory of developed socialism. 1977 constitution dissident and human rights movement.

Features of the development of Soviet culture in 1950-1980. Science and education in the USSR.

"Stagnation". Attempts to modernize Soviet society in the face of a slowdown in economic growth. The policy of perestroika and glasnost. Formation of a multi-party system. Crisis of communist ideology. International conflicts.

USSR in global and regional conflicts of the second half of the 20th century. Achievement of military-strategic parity between the USSR and the USA. Discharge policy. Afghan war.

Causes of the collapse of the USSR.

Russian Federation (1991-2003)

Formation of a new Russian statehood. August events of 1991 The political crisis of September-October 1993. Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993 Interethnic and interfaith relations in modern Russia. Chechen conflict. Political parties and movements of the Russian Federation. Russian Federation and countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Transition to a market economy: reforms and their consequences.

Russian culture in the context of a radical transformation of society.

Russia in the world integration processes and the formation of a modern international legal system. Russia and the challenges of globalization.

Presidential elections of 2000 A course towards strengthening statehood, economic recovery, social and political stability, strengthening national security, a worthy place for Russia in the world community.

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING

As a result of studying history at a basic level, the student should

know/understand

· the main facts, processes and phenomena that characterize the integrity of national and world history;

periodization of world and national history;

· modern versions and interpretations of the most important problems of national and world history;

historical conditionality of modern social processes;

· features of the historical path of Russia, its role in the world community;

be able to

search for historical information in sources of various types;

Critically analyze the source of historical information (characterize the authorship of the source, time, circumstances and purpose of its creation);

Writing creative papers in social disciplines.

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING

As a result of studying social science (including economics and law), at a basic level, the student must

know/understand

biosocial essence of a person, the main stages and factors of socialization of the individual, the place and role of a person in the system of social relations;

· trends in the development of society as a whole as a complex dynamic system, as well as the most important social institutions;

· the need to regulate social relations, the essence of social norms, the mechanisms of legal regulation;

Features of social and humanitarian knowledge;

be able to

· characterize the main social objects, highlighting their essential features, patterns of development;

· analyze up-to-date information about social objects, revealing their common features and differences; establish correspondence between the essential features and characteristics of the studied social phenomena and social science terms and concepts;

· explain causal and functional relationships of the studied social objects (including the interaction of man and society, the most important social institutions, society and the natural environment, society and culture, the relationship of subsystems and elements of society);

· reveal with examples the studied theoretical positions and concepts of social and economic and humanitarian sciences;

· search social information presented in various sign systems (text, scheme, table, diagram, audiovisual series); extract from unadapted original texts (legal, popular science, journalistic, etc.) knowledge on given topics; systematize, analyze and generalize disordered social information; distinguish between facts and opinions, arguments and conclusions;

· evaluate actions of subjects of social life, including individuals, groups, organizations, from the point of view of social norms, economic rationality;

· formulate on the basis of acquired social science knowledge, own judgments and arguments on certain issues;

· ready oral presentation, creative work on social issues;

· apply With socio-economic and humanitarian knowledge in the process of solving cognitive tasks on topical social problems;

use the acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life for:

Successful performance of typical social roles; conscious interaction with various social institutions;

Improving one's own cognitive activity;

· critical perception of information obtained in interpersonal communication and mass communication; implementation of independent search, analysis and use of the collected social information;

solving practical life problems arising in social activities;

orientation in current social events, determination of personal civic position;

Explanatory note

Document status

An exemplary program in history is based on the federal component of the state standard for (basic) general education.

The exemplary program specifies the content of the subject topics of the educational standard, gives an approximate distribution of teaching hours by sections of the course and recommended study of topics and sections of the subject, taking into account inter-subject and intra-subject connections, the logic of the educational process, and age characteristics of students. The exemplary program contributes to the implementation of a unified concept of history education, while maintaining the conditions for the variable construction of history courses and the manifestation of the creative initiative of teachers.

The sample program does two main things:

Information and methodological function allows all participants in the educational process to get an idea of the goals, content, general strategy for teaching, educating and developing students by means of a given subject.

Organizational planning provides for the stages of training, the recommended structuring of the educational material, the determination of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics at each of the stages, including for the preparation of the thematic planning of the course, the content of the intermediate certification of students.

An exemplary program is a guideline for compiling author's curricula and textbooks, and can also be used as a working program for the thematic planning of a course by a teacher. determines the invariant (mandatory) part of the training course. The variable part of the course is formed on the basis of the reserve of free study time established by the exemplary program (15.7% of the total study hours). The principles for constructing the variable part of the course are determined either by the authors of curricula and textbooks, or by the teacher himself (if he uses an exemplary program as a working one). At the same time, the authors of curricula and textbooks can also offer their own approach to structuring educational material within the framework of the main thematic blocks established by the program, determining the sequence of studying this material, ways of forming a system of knowledge, skills and methods of activity, development and socialization of students.

Cultural heritage of the civilizations of the Ancient East.

Ancient Greece and the Hellenistic World

Natural conditions of Ancient Greece. The population, its occupations. . Ancient states ( , ). Ancient Greek. Legends about people and gods. Homer's poems "" and "".- city-state. Development of agriculture, crafts and trade. Free and slaves. . Athenian democracy. and know. . Greek colonies. . Peloponnesian Wars.

Rise of Macedonia. The conquests of Alexander the Great and his. and states of the East under the rule of Alexander's successors.

Ancient Rome

The rise and fall of Charlemagne's empire. states in Western Europe. political fragmentation. Norman conquests. Early Slavic states. Enlighteners of the Slavs -.

Medieval European society

Class society in medieval Europe. . spiritual and secular.

The formation of two branches of Christianity - Orthodoxy and Catholicism. Roman Catholic in the Middle Ages. . and monks. and the struggle of the church against their spread.

Byzantine Empire: territory, economy, state structure. Emperors of Byzantium.

Arab tribes: resettlement, occupations. The rise of Islam. . . Asia, North Africa, Europe.

Crusades and their influence on the life of European society. Catholicism, Orthodoxy and in the era of the Crusades. Beginning of the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula.

Seljuk and Ottoman conquests. Fall of Byzantium. .

Asian and American countries in the Middle Ages (V- XVcenturies)

States of Central Asia c. and its conquest by the Mongols. Campaigns of Timur (Tamerlane).

Pre-Columbian Civilizations of America. , atzeks and : states, beliefs, features of economic life.

States of Europe inXIV- XVcenturies

The emergence of class-representative monarchies in European countries. Generals in France. Features of the estate-representative monarchy in England. Great liberties. . Holy Roman Germanic nation. German states in the XIV-XV centuries.

The crisis of the European class society in the XIV-XV centuries. Hundred Years War: Causes and Results. Jeanne d'. War of the Scarlet and White Roses. Peasant and urban uprisings. . The rise of Wat Tyler. Crisis of the Catholic Church. Popes and Emperors. Hussite movement in the Czech Republic. Jan Hus.

Cultural heritage of the Middle Ages

Spiritual world of medieval man. Life and holidays. Medieval. Knightly Literature. Urban and peasant. Romanesque and Gothic styles in architecture, sculpture and decorative arts.

Development of science and technology. The emergence of universities. . Beginning of printing in Europe.

Cultural heritage of Byzantium.

Features of the medieval culture of the peoples of the East. Architecture and.

History of modern times(at least 48 hours)

Reformation. The assertion of absolutism

Causes of the Reformation. Protestantism. M. Luther. J. Calvin. Spread of the ideas of the Reformation in Europe. . AND. . Religious Wars.

European states in the XVI-XVII centuries. assertion of absolutism. Strengthening of royal power in England and France. HenryVIII. ElizabethI. Richelieu.XIV. Spanish Empire under CharlesV.

Thirty Years' War and the Westphalian system.

The first bourgeois revolutions

Countries of Europe and Asia in the Age of Enlightenment

Age of Enlightenment. Development of natural sciences. AND. . English Enlightenment. . Locke French Enlightenment. . C. Montesquieu. J. J. Rousseau. D. Diderot. Artistic culture of the XVII-XVIII centuries: baroque, classicism, sentimentalism.

Enlightened Absolutism in Central Europe. Austria and Prussia in the 18th century II. Seven Years' War.

English colonies in America. The War for and the Education of the United States. T. Jefferson. B. . J. . Constitution of 1787

Crisis of absolutism in France. . The beginning of the revolution. revolutionary political factions. " " and " ". J. Danton. M. Robespierre. J.P. Marat. The overthrow of the monarchy. Revolutionary. Yakobinskaya. . . Revolutionary wars. Napoleon Bonaparte. Results of the importance of the French Revolution, its impact on European countries.

Weakening of the Ottoman Empire. Power of the Great Moguls in India and its collapse. The beginning of the European conquest of India. Conquest of China by the Manchus. Empire. Formation of a centralized state in Japan. AND. .

Causes, participants, main stages of the Second World War. Polish and "". Defeat of France. "Battle for England". Military operations in the Balkans, North Africa. German attack on the USSR. Entering the War. War in the Pacific. Anti-Hitler. F. Roosevelt, I. V. Stalin, W. Churchill. Lend-Lease. "New" in the occupied territories. Politics of genocide. Holocaust. .

Expansion of the territory of the state (accession of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, Western Siberia). . Exploration of the Wild Field. . Fight for the Baltic coast. Livonian war. Defeat of the Livonian Order.. The formation of an autocratic class-representative monarchy.

Russia at the turnXVI- XVIIcenturies

Territory and economy of Russia in the first half of the 17th century. Development of Siberia, the Far East, the Wild Field. The final formalization of serfdom. Attachment of the urban population to the settlements. Development of trade relations. Novotragovy. formation of the all-Russian market. . Development of small-scale production. Manufactories.

Russia in the second halfXVIIin.

Domestic and foreign policy in the second quarterXIXin.

NicholasI. Strengthening autocratic power. Tightening control over society. III. A. H. Benckedorff. laws. "Manifesto for Honorary Citizenship". "Decree on obligated peasants". Politics in the field of education. Polish uprising 1830-1831

Great reforms of the 60-70s. 19th century

Background and preparation of the peasant reform. February 19, 1861 The abolition of serfdom. Allotments. Redemption and redemption. The duties of temporarily liable peasants. Peasant government. Zemstvo, city, judicial reforms. Reforms in the field of education. military reforms. The value of reforms 60-70 years. 19th century in the history of Russia.

Social movements of the 50-60s. 19th century The rise of the social movement after the defeat in the Crimean War. A. I. Herzen and N. I. Ogarev. Free Russian in London. "Polar", "". N. G. N. A. Dobrolyubov. "". Revolutionary and circles of the mid-60s - early 70s. 19th century

Russia at the end of the 19th century

Socio-economic development of post-reform Russia. Completion of the industrial revolution. Formation of classes of industrial society. Factory construction. New industrial regions and branches of the economy. Railway construction. The development of capitalism in agriculture. Remains of serfdom and communal life. The agrarian crisis of the 80-90s. 19th century

The crisis of autocracy at the turn of the 70-80s. 19th century maneuvering policy. M. T. Loris-Melikov. AlexandraII. AlexanderIII. Manifesto on the inviolability of autocracy. K. P. Pobedonostsev. . Reactionary politics in the field of education. The national policy of the autocracy at the end of the 19th century.

Social movements of the 70-90s. 19th century . The ideology of populism. M. A. Bakunin. P. L. Lavrov. P. N. TKACHEV N.K. Political organizations of the populists.« ». The first workers' organizations. Spreading the ideas of Marxism. G. V. PLEKHANOV"labor". P. B. Struve and "". IN AND. . "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class".

Foreign policy in the second half of the XIX century. The struggle to eliminate the consequences of the Crimean War. A. M. Gorchakov. Annexation of Central Asia. Peoples of the Russian Empire. Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878 "Three Emperors" Rapprochement between Russia and France in the 1890s

Russia at the beginning of the 20th century

Features of the industrial and agricultural development of Russia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Modernization policy "from above". . Formation of monopolies. Foreign. S. Yu. Witte.

Aggravation of social and political contradictions in conditions of forced modernization. agricultural question. Labor movement. "Police Socialism". Activation of illegal political activity. Revolutionary parties, their programs. Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905, its impact on Russian society.

Revolution of 1905-1907: causes and character. "". The rise of the Soviets. Revolts in the army and navy. All-Russian political strike. Armed uprising in Moscow. G. Creation of the State. Electoral 1907 New political currents and parties. Formation of liberal parties. Monarchist and Black Hundred movement. revolutionary parties in the conditions of the formation of the parliamentary system.

The political program of P. A. Stolypin. agrarian reform. resettlement policy. Industrial rise of the 1910s

Russia in the system of military-political alliances at the beginning of the 20th century. The international crisis of 1914 and Russia in the First World War. The main stages and results of military operations on the eastern front in 1914-1917. Growing socio-economic and political contradictions. national catastrophe.

Russian culture at the turnXIX- XXcenturies

democratization of culture. Creation of a classless folk school. Opening of new universities. Women's education. and periodic. Library.. Scientific discoveries of Russian scientists. D. I. Mendeleev. I. M. Sechenov. I. I. Mechnikov. I. P. . S. M. SOLOVIEV

"Silver Age" of Russian poetry. in architecture and artistic culture. is a leading trend in literature. The birth of the Russian avant-garde. Theater and. K. S. Stanislavsky. Strengthening the relationship between Russian and world culture at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries.

Recent and modern history of the history of Russia(at least 36 hours)

Russia during the Revolution and Civil War

The brewing of a revolutionary crisis in the Russian Empire. Revolution of 1917 Fall of the monarchy. Provisional Government and Soviets.

Foreign and domestic policy of the Provisional Government. A. F. Kerensky. Power crisis. The disintegration of the army. Speech by General L. G. Kornilov. The situation on the national outskirts. The beginning of the collapse of the Russian statehood.

Proclamation of Soviet power in October 1917 II and his decrees. The formation of the Soviet system of government. and its dissolution. . Restoration of the patriarchate.

Russia's exit from the First World War. Brest and its consequences. Establishment of a one-party dictatorship. Constitution of 1918 Education of the RSFSR. Social Soviet state.

Civil War and military: causes, main stages. "". Creation of the Red Army. S. S. Kamenev. M.V. S. M. Budyonny. traffic. A.V. A. I. Denikin. P. N. Wrangel."" and "" terror. during the years of the civil war. N. I. Makhno. War with Poland. results of the civil war.

USSR in the 1920s

Socio-economic and political 1920s Peasant performances. Revolt in Kronstadt. in 1921 X RCP (b). Transition to the policy of the NEP. Plan and start economic recovery. The policy of the Bolsheviks in the field of nation-state building. Education of the USSR. G. Results and contradictions of the NEP. The struggle for power in the Bolshevik Party. Discussions about the ways of building socialism. I.V.

REPUBLICAN VELODAN SHORIN"

KOMI REPUBLICAS KANMU VELÖDAN INSTITUTION

STATE GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC

"REPUBLICAN CENTER OF EDUCATION"

Methodological Council by order of ______ No.

Protocol _____________

WORKING PROGRAMMSUBJECT

STORY

for the course of basic general education

Program implementation period - 5 years

Compiled on the basis of the program of basic general education in history for grades 5-9. Authors A.A. Danilov, L.G. Kosulina - on the history of Russia; on world history A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, A.Ya. Yudovskaya, L.V. Vanyushin, A.O. Soroko-Tsyupa. Enlightenment, 2014

Compiled by: Nenev O.S., teacher of history and social studies

Lozymsky branch of the State Educational Institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "RCSO"

Syktyvkar

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This history work program for grades 5-9 is compiled on the basis of:

Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia “On Approval of the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education” dated December 17, 2010 No. 1897;

The fundamental core of the content of general education / Ros. acad. Sciences, Ros. acad. education; under the editorship of V. V. Kozlov, A. M. Kondakov. - 4th ed., revised. — M.: Enlightenment, 2011. — 7 p.;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2015 No. 1577 “On Amending the Federal State Educational Standard of LLC, approved by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 17, 2012 No. 1897;

The main educational program of basic general education of the State Educational Institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "RTSO";

Requirements for the results of mastering the main educational program, taking into account the main areas of programs included in the structure of the main educational program of the GOU RK "RCO".

When developing the working program, an exemplary program edited by A.A. Danilov, L.G. Kosulina on the history of Russia was used; on world history, edited by A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, A.Ya. Yudovskaya, L.V. Vanyushin, A.O. Soroko-Tsyupa. Enlightenment, 2014

The work program specifies the content of the blocks of the educational standard, gives the distribution of teaching hours for major sections of the course and the sequence of their study.

The work program contains:

Planned results of mastering the subject, course;

Thematic planning indicating the number of hours allocated for the development of each topic.

The work program is a document that is mandatory for all teachers teaching history at the level of basic general education.

Program goals:

Formation in the younger generation of historical landmarks of self-identification in the modern world;

Mastering by students of knowledge about the main stages in the development of human society from antiquity to the present day in the social, economic, political, spiritual and moral spheres; development in a form accessible to students based on the generalization of the factual material of a problematic, dialectical understanding of history; assimilation of an integrative system of knowledge about the history of mankind with special attention to the place and role of Russia in the world-historical process;

Education of students in the spirit of respect for the history of their Fatherland as a single and indivisible multinational state built on the basis of the equality of all the peoples of Russia, in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism, in mutual understanding and respect between peoples, rejection of chauvinism and nationalism in any form, militarism and war propaganda; the development of students' desire to contribute to solving the global problems of our time;

Development of students' abilities on the basis of historical analysis and a problematic approach to comprehend processes, events and phenomena in their dynamics, interconnection and interdependence, taking into account the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism;

The formation of a social system of values among students on the basis of understanding the patterns and progressiveness of social development and awareness of the priority

public interest over the personal and the uniqueness of each individual, fully revealed only in society and through society;

Development of a modern understanding of history in the context of humanitarian and social knowledge;

Development of skills in historical analysis and synthesis, formation of an understanding of the mutual influence of historical events and processes.

Taking into account the general requirements of the Standard and the specifics of the subject, the goals and objectives of its study at the level of basic general education are:

Education of patriotism, respect for the history and traditions of our Motherland, for human rights and freedoms, democratic principles of public life;

Mastering knowledge about the most important events, processes of national and world history in their interconnection and chronological sequence;

Mastering elementary methods of historical knowledge, the ability to work with various sources of historical information;

Formation of value orientations in the course of acquaintance with historically established cultural, religious, ethno-national traditions;

Application of knowledge and ideas about historically established systems of social norms and values for life in a multicultural, multi-ethnic and multi-confessional society, participation in intercultural interaction, tolerant attitude towards representatives of other peoples and countries.

The achievement of these goals is ensured by the decision of the followingtasks:

Formation in the younger generation of guidelines for civil, ethnic, social, cultural self-identification in the outside world;

Formation in students of a holistic view of the historical path of Russia;

Education of patriotism, respect for the Fatherland, the rights and freedoms of another person;

Development of students' ability to analyze information about events;

Formation of skills to apply historical knowledge to comprehend the essence of modern social phenomena.

The work program of the subject details and reveals the content of the subject topics of the educational standard, determines the general strategy for teaching, educating and developing students by means of the subject in accordance with the goals of studying history. The work program gives the distribution of teaching hours by sections of the course and the sequence of studying sections, taking into account inter-subject and intra-subject communications, the logic of the educational process, the age characteristics of students, determines the set of test work performed by students.

General characteristics of the subject.

The selection of educational material for the content of the program was carried out taking into account the goals and objectives of studying history in the primary school, its place in the school education system, the age needs and cognitive characteristics of students in grades 5-9, the characteristics of their socialization, as well as the study time resource.

The course of history at the level of basic general education is part of the concentric system of history education. Features of the program - combining the courses of general and national history while maintaining their independence and self-worth. The main content blocks of the chronological period are implemented within the framework of two departments - "General History" and "History of Russia". This program involves their sequential study with the possibility of integrating some topics from both courses. Internal periodization within these courses

takes into account the established traditions of teaching history and the need for a balanced distribution of educational material.

The implementation of the presented program implies the widespread use of interdisciplinary links. The parallel interaction of history and social science courses allows students to form a holistic view of the dynamics of development and the historical conditionality of modern forms of social life, critically perceive the received social information, meaningfully study the diversity of behavior patterns. The connection of history and geography courses expands students' knowledge about the patterns of the spatial organization of the world, consolidates the ability to use statistical and cartographic material

The program implements the following fundamental principles: competence-based approach, systemic approach, multifactorial and activity approaches, as well as the state approach.

The following key aspects of this activity are considered in the program in a holistic and systematized way: economic history, political history, history of foreign policy, sociocultural history.

The course combines the history of states and the peoples inhabiting it. It gives an idea of the main stages of historical development, while attention is paid to a holistic and expressive description of the main historical eras, the originality and originality of Russian history, as well as its connection with the leading processes of world history, are revealed.

It is supposed to refer to the material on regional history.

The program does not require adherence to any single historical doctrine; it uses the cognitive potential of various approaches adopted in modern historical science.

forewe and methods organization of the learning process

Technologies used in the educational process:

1. Traditional learning technologies for mastering the minimum content of education in accordance with the requirements of the standards; technologies built on the basis of an explanatory and illustrative way of teaching.

2. Technologies for the implementation of interdisciplinary connections in the educational process.

3.Technologies of differentiated learning for the development of educational material by students who differ in terms of learning ability, increasing cognitive interest.

4. The technology of problem-based learning in order to develop the creative abilities of students, their intellectual potential, cognitive capabilities. Education is focused on independent search for a result, independent acquisition of knowledge, creative, intellectual and cognitive assimilation by students of a given subject material.

5. Technologies of the system-activity approach in the educational process.

Forms and methods of current knowledge control: to check and evaluate the learning outcomes of students, to establish the level of ZUN, oral and written forms of control are used: test papers, tests, creative tasks, oral answers, etc. The proposed types of work are carried out with students who have studied a specific topic in full, being in the Lozymsky branch of the State Educational Institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "RTSO", taking into account the state of health of the student.

Description of the place of the subject in the curriculum

General history is studied in grades 5-9: grade 5 - the history of the Ancient World (70 hours, 2 hours a week); Grade 6 - History of the Middle Ages (32 hours, 2 hours per week); Grade 7 - the history of the New Age 1500-1800. (28 hours, 2 hours a week); Grade 8 - the history of the New Age 1800-1913. (26 hours, 2 hours a week).

The history of the Fatherland is studied in grades 6-8: grade 6 - the history of Russia from ancient times to the end of the 16th century (38 hours, 2 hours a week); Grade 7 - the history of Russia in the 16th-18th centuries (42 hours, 2 hours a week); Grade 8 - History of Russia XIX century (44 hours, 2 hours a week).

In the 9th grade, an integrated course on modern history and the history of Russia in the 20th-21st centuries is studied. (individual training 34 hours, 0.5 hours per week).

The weekly number of hours allotted for the study of history is determined by the curriculum of the Lozymsky branch of the State Educational Institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "RTSO"

This work program provides 280 hours of group training:

Number of hours per week	Number of study weeks	Number of hours per year
Number of hours per week	Number of study weeks	Number of hours per year

In the Lozym branch, the educational process is carried out according to the schedule of arrivals of children for the year, according to the State Autonomous Institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Sanatorium Lozym".

The work program takes into account the specifics of teaching students who are on long-term treatment in state medical organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan, provides for individual training in grades 5-9 for 0.5 hours per student per student according to the curriculum of the Lozym branch of the State Educational Institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "RTSO".

This work program was developed taking into account the ethno-cultural component (hereinafter referred to as the ECS) in accordance with Order No. 310 "The concept of education of an ethno-cultural orientation in the Komi Republic" dated December 13, 2010 and Information letter No. 03-05 / 1 "On the implementation of the ethno-cultural component of the content of educational programs general education in the Republic of Komi for 2013-2017” dated March 11, 2014. The ethno-cultural component included in the content of the lessons contributes to the development of the general cultural outlook of students, forms respect for the Komi national culture and stimulates interest in studying the heritage of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

For the purpose of convenient use and filling of magazines in the calendar-thematic planning, generally accepted abbreviations are used:

centuries - centuries, centuries

y.y. - years

BC. - BC

AD - our era

NTP - scientific and technological progress

Scientific and technological revolution - scientific and technological revolution

NEP - new economic policy

WWII - Great Patriotic War

VPK - military-industrial complex

VFBR - The Great French Bourgeois Revolution

USA - United States of America

names of parties (for example, the RSDLP), international organizations (for example, the IMF), etc.

EX - ethno-cultural component

K.k - contour map

MX - world economy

RF - Russian Federation

CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States

S/X - agriculture

Planned results of the study of history

As a result of studying history, the student should

know/ understand

the main stages and key events in the history of Russia and the world from antiquity to the present day;

outstanding figures of national and world history;

the most important achievements of culture and value systems, formed in the course of historical development;

studied types of historical sources;

be able to

correlate the dates of events in national and world history with the century; determine the sequence and duration of the most important events in national and world history;

use the text of a historical source when answering questions, solving various educational problems;

compare evidence from different sources;

show on the historical map the territories of the settlement of peoples, the borders of states, cities, places of significant historical events;

talk about the most important historical events and their participants, showing knowledge of the necessary facts, dates, terms;

give a description of historical events and cultural monuments based on the text and illustrated material of the textbook, fragments of historical sources;

use the acquired knowledge when writing creative works (including essays), excursion reports, abstracts;

correlate general historical processes and individual facts; identify the essential features of historical processes, phenomena and events;

group historical phenomena and events according to a given attribute; explain the meaning of the studied historical concepts and terms;

to identify the commonality and differences of compared historical events, to determine, on the basis of educational material, the causes and consequences of the most important historical events;

explain their attitude to the most significant events and personalities in the history of Russia and world history, the achievements of domestic and world culture;

use the acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life for:

understanding the historical causes and historical significance of events and phenomena of modern life;

expressing one's own judgments about the historical heritage of the peoples of Russia and the world;

explanations of historically established norms of social behavior

"Ancient world history"

Introduction

The subject of history. Knowledge about the past. Historical calendar. Sources and Historians. Historical map. The history of the Fatherland is part of world history. Ancient world. Concept and chronology.

ChapterI . The life of primitive people.

Human Origins. Primitive society.

Primitive gatherers and hunters.

The concept of "primitive people". The oldest people: modern ideas about the place and time of their appearance. The manufacture of tools as the main difference from animals. The idea of the appropriating economy: gathering and hunting. the impossibility for people to live alone. Mastery of fire.

Gradual resettlement of people in Eurasia. Hunting is the main occupation. The invention of clothing from animal skins, dwellings, spears and harpoons, bows and arrows.

The emergence of art and religion. Image of animals and man.

Primitive farmers and pastoralists.

The idea of the origin of a producing economy: agriculture and cattle breeding, crafts - pottery, weaving, spinning.

Tribal communities of farmers and pastoralists.

Beginning of metal processing. The emergence of inequality. Counting years in history.

Repetition.

Section II. The Ancient East.

Ancient civilizations of the East: Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia), Ancient Egypt, India, China. social device. Economy. Religion, culture.

Topic 1. Ancient Egypt.

Location and natural conditions: Nile floods, soil fertility, hot climate. Farming is the main occupation. Irrigation facilities: embankments, canals, shadufs.

The emergence of a single state in Egypt. The unlimited power of the pharaohs. The army of the Egyptian pharaoh: infantry, detachments of charioteers. conquest campaigns. Empire of Thutmose III.

Cities: Thebes, Memphis.

Life of farmers and artisans. Life and service of nobles.

Religion of the ancient Egyptians. Art of the ancient Egyptians. The construction of the pyramids. Great Sphinx. Temple: its external and internal view. Tomb excavations.

Features of ancient Egyptian writing. Writing materials. School. Training of scribes and priests. Scientific knowledge: mathematics, astronomy. solar calendar. Water clock. Works of literature.

Topic 2. Western Asia in antiquity.

Mesopotamia in antiquity. Location and natural conditions of the Southern Mesopotamia.

Sumerian cities - Ur and Uruk.

Ancient Babylonian kingdom. Laws of Hammurabi.

Religious beliefs of the inhabitants of Mesopotamia. Gods Shamash, Sina, Ea., Ishtar. Stepped temple towers. Cuneiform. Writing schools. Scientific knowledge: mathematics, astronomy. Literature. Tales of Gilgamesh.

Cities of Phenicia - Byblos, Sidon, Tire. Viticulture and olive growing. Crafts: glassmaking, making purple fabrics. Maritime trade and piracy. The base of the corlonia. ancient alphabet.

Ancient Jews. Introduction to the Bible and the Old Testament. The concept of "monotheism". Biblical myths and legends.

Beginning of iron processing. Consequences of using iron tools.

Assyrian state. Innovations in military affairs. Assyrian conquests. Innovations in military affairs. Assyrian conquests. Robbery of defeated countries, mass executions. Ashurbanipal Library. The death of Assyria.

Three kingdoms in Western Asia: Neo-Babylonian, Lydian and Median. The city of Babylon and its buildings. Beginning of coinage in Lydia.

Formation of the Persian Empire. Conquest of Lydia, Media. Babylonia, Egypt. Kings Cyrus, Darius the First. Royal road.

Topic 3. India and China in antiquity.

Location and nature of ancient India. Rivers Indus and Ganges. Himalayan mountains. Jungle. Ancient cities. Agriculture. The concept of castes. Periods of the life of a Brahmin. "Untouchables 2. The emergence of Buddhism. Unification of India under Ashoka. Indian numbers. Chess.

Location and nature of ancient China. The Huang He and Yangtze rivers. Teachings of Confucius. Chinese characters book. Unification of China under Qin Shi Huang. Construction of the Great Wall of China. People's outrage. Silk. Great Silk Road. Tea. Paper. Compass.

ChapterIII Ancient Greece.

Hellenism. The main stages of historical development, forms of political and social structure.

Topic 1. Ancient Greece

Location and natural conditions. Ancient cities of Mycenae, Tiryns, Pylos, Athens.

Cretan kingdom. Palace excavations. Greek myths of the Cretan cycle: Theseus and the Minotaur, Daedalus and Icarus.

Mycenaean kingdom. Stone construction: Mycenaean fortress, royal tombs. Myths about the Trojan War. Invasion of Greece from the north by warlike tribes. The decline of the economy and culture.

Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Religious beliefs of the Greeks. Olympic gods. Myths of the ancient Greeks about gods and heroes.

Topic 2. Policies of Greece and their fight against the Persian invasion.

Location and natural conditions of Attica. Know at the head of the administration of Athens. Dragon laws. The concept of "demos". plight of the farmers. Long term slavery.

The struggle of the demos with the nobility. Solon's reforms.

Location and natural conditions of Laconia. Spartan polis. Spartan conquest of Laconia and Messenia. Spartans and Helots. Spartan education.

Greek colonies on the shores of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Reasons for colonization.

The Olympic Games are a pan-Greek festival. Types of competitions.

Greco-Persian Wars. Marathon battle. Miltiades the strategist. The invasion of the troops of the Persian king Xerxes to Hellas. The feat of three hundred Spartans under the leadership of King Leonidas.

Theme 3. The rise of Athens inV century BC and the rise of democracy.

The consequences of the victory over the Persians for Athens. The composition of the population of the Athens polis: citizens, immigrants, slaves. The use of slave labor.

City of Athens: Keramik, Agora, Acropolis. Life of the Athenians. The position of the Athenian woman. Temples: Nike, Parthenon, Erechtheion. Features of the architecture of temples. Phidias and his creations. Statues of athletes by Myron and Polykleitos.

Culture. Athenian education. The views of Greek scientists on human nature. Aristotle. Antiphon. Athenian sage Socrates.

The emergence of the theatre. Theater building. Tragedy and comedy.

Athenian democracy in the 5th century BC National Assembly, Council of Five Hundred and their functions. Pericles at the head of Athens. Friends and associates of Pericles: Aspia, Herodotus, Anaxagoras, Sophocles, Phidias.

Topic 4. Macedonian conquests inIV century BC

The weakening of the Greek policies as a result of internecine wars.

Rise of Macedonia under King Philip. Macedonian army. Phalanx. Cavalry. Siege towers.

The Attitude of the Hellenes to Philip of Macedon. Battle of Chaeronea.

Campaign of Alexander the Great to the east. Personality of Alexander the Great.

The collapse of the power of Alexander after his death. Egyptian, Macedonian, Syrian kingdoms.

ChapterIV . Ancient Rome.

Topic 1. Rome: from its origin to the establishment of dominance over Italy.

Location and natural features of Italy.

Legend of the founding of Rome. Worship of the gods - Jupiter, Juno, Mars, Vesta. Rome is a city on seven hills. Administration of Ancient Rome.

The emergence of the republic. The struggle of the plebeians for their rights. Gallic invasion. Establishment of Roman domination over Italy. War with Pyrrhus.

Management in the rights of patricians and plebeians. Abolition of debt slavery. The structure of the Roman Republic.

Topic 2. Rome is the strongest power in the Mediterranean.

Carthage is the largest state in the western Mediterranean. The first victories of Rome over Carthage. Creation of a navy. Capture of Sicily. The second war between Rome and Carthage. Hannibal's invasion of Italy. Defeat of the Romans at Cannae. End of the war. Scipio's victory over Hannibal at Zama. Roman dominance in the Western Mediterranean.

The establishment of Roman dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean, the policy of "divide and rule".

Slavery in Rome.

Topic 3. Civil wars in Rome.

The ruin of the farmers of Italy. Land law of Tiberius Gracchus. Death of Tiberius. Gaius Gracchus is the successor of his brother's work. Guy's death.

The largest slave uprising in antiquity was the uprising of Spartacus. Reasons for the defeat of the rebels.

Rise of Caesar. Gaul conquest. Death of Crassus. Caesar's seizure of power. Caesar's dictatorship. The social support of Caesar's power and his policy. Assassination of Caesar.

The defeat of the supporters of the Republic. Struggle between Antony and Octavian. The role of Cleopatra in the fate of Antony. The power of Octavian Augustus.

Topic 4. The power of the Roman Empire.

Empire territory. Neighbors of the Roman Empire. Relations with the Parthian kingdom. The defeat of the Roman troops by the Germans. Way of life of the Germanic tribes.

Deification of emperors. Nero. Nero and Seneca.

The emergence of Christianity.

Rise of the Risky Empire. The emergence and development of the colony. The concepts of "columns", "slaves with huts". Trajan's reign.

Rome is the capital of the empire. Roman daily life. Mansions of the rich. Multi-story houses. Visiting the baths (terms), the Colosseum, the Great Circus. The demand for "bread and circuses".

Culture. Architectural monuments of Rome: Pantheon, Colosseum, Trajan's column, triumphal arches. Roman sculptural portrait.

TopicV . The defeat of Rome by the Germans and the fall of the empire in the West.

Barbarian invasion. The use of army commanders to fight for imperial power. The reign of Constantine. Recognition of Christianity. Foundation of Constantinople and transfer of the capital to the East.

The division of the Roman Empire into two states - the Eastern Roman and the Western Roman Empire. Revolts in the provinces of Gaul and North Africa. Barbarians in the army. The invasion is ready for Italy. The struggle of the commander Stilicho with the Goths. The mass transition of barbarian legionnaires to the side is ready. Capture of Rome by the Goths. New capture of Rome by vandals.

Ancient paganism. The rise and spread of Christianity. Ancient heritage and its significance for the modern world.

"History of the Middle Ages"

Introduction

Concept and chronology. Conventionality of the term "Middle Ages". The place of the history of the Middle Ages in the history of mankind. Chronological framework of the Middle Ages. Stages of development of the Middle Ages. Sources on the history of the Middle Ages.

TopicI .

Western Middle Ages: political and social structure, economic system, religion, church, mentality and culture. Features of the development of various regions of Europe in the Middle Ages.

Migration of the Germans from the Alps to the territory of the Roman Empire. The resettlement of the Germans in new lands for them. Occupations and way of life of the German community. The decomposition of the tribal system and the strengthening of stratification in the community. Separation of knowledge. Changes in the relations of the Germans. Changes in the role of the leader and squad. The weakening of the Roman Empire and its subsequent division under the onslaught of barbarian tribes. Fall of the Western Roman Empire. Formation of barbarian states on the territory of the former Western Roman Empire. Franks. The rise of Clovis, leader of the Franks. Recognition by the Roman nobility of the power of Clovis.

The formation of large landownership and new relations among the Franks. Completion of the collapse of the tribal organization of the Franks and the transition to the neighboring community. Clovis and the Christian Church. The strife of the descendants of Clovis and their consequences for the Frankish kingdom.

Personality of Charlemagne. Charles and the title of European rulers. Pope and great king of the Franks. Directions, goals and results of the military campaigns of King Charles. Formation of the empire of Charlemagne. The division of the empire by Charles among the heirs. Treaty of Verdun. feudal division.

The development of feudal relations in the Frankish state. Feudal strife and their consequences. Feudal staircase.

France: the loss of the importance of the central state body by the royal power. Weakness of the Carolingians. Germany: strengthening the power of the German monarch. Holy Roman Empire. Italy and Germany. Brittany and Britain.

Culture: the limited understanding of the world by a medieval European, the lack of a single chronology, calendars, systems of measurement, weight, etc .; opening of schools at monasteries, cathedrals; development of the art of the handwritten book, book miniature; The Bible is a book of books; chronicles and worldly literature, the emergence of secular literature.

TopicII . Byzantine Empire inVI - XI centuries. The formation of the Christian world.

Formation of the Eastern Risky Empire - Byzantium, Roman Empire. Foundation of the new capital - Constantinople. Features of the development of the Byzantine Empire. Byzantium is a single monarchical state. Imperial power. The era of Justinian I: reforms and strengthening of the empire. "Golden Age" of Byzantium.

Byzantine culture. Christian church. Christian churches: device and symbolism. Byzantium is the center of medieval culture. Byzantium and Russia: cultural influence. Byzantium and the Slavic world. Occupations and way of life of the Slavs. The formation of the Slavic states: Bulgaria, the Great Moravian state, Kievan Rus, the Czech Republic and Poland.

TopicIII . Arabs inVI - XI centuries.

Arabian Peninsula: Arab tribes, their way of life, main occupations. The emergence and spread of Islam. Fundamentals of Islam. Arab conquests. Arab caliphate and its collapse. Culture of the Muslim world. Arabic is the "Latin of the East". The prestige of education and knowledge. Scientific knowledge of the Arabs: Al-Biruni, Ibn Sina. Ferdowsi. The Importance of the Culture of the Caliphate.

ChapterIV . Feudal lords and peasants.

Establishment of feudal relations. Finalization of vassal relations. The castle is the dwelling of the feudal lord and his fortress. Knight - mounted warrior in armor. Knight equipment. The insignia of a knight. Code of chivalry - chivalric culture.

Medieval village and its inhabitants. Land is feudal property. Feudal estate. Feudal lord and dependent peasants. Types of feudal dependence of landowners. Duties of a peasant. Peasant community. Farmer's farm. Working conditions. Subsistence farming is the difference between the feudal era.

TopicV .Medieval city in Western and Central Europe.

Causes of cities. The city is a settlement of artisans and merchants. Revival of the ancient cities of Italy and the south of France. Senor and city. Fight for city self-government. Medieval craftsman. The role and influence of workshops on the life of a medieval city. The development of trade in feudal-fragmented Europe. Associations of merchants - guilds and partnerships. Trade routes. Trade fairs. From usury to banks.

The peculiarity of the city. City management and city nobility. The struggle of artisans for participation in the management of the city. City uprisings. The city is the center of the formation of a new European culture and the interaction of cities. The urban class in Europe - the bearers of the ideas of freedom and law.

ChapterVI .Catholic Church inXI - XIII centuries Crusades.

The power of the papacy. Catholic Church and Heretics. The formation of three estates, characteristic of a feudal type society. Lack of land. Growth of independence and needs of feudal lords. The need for new "profitable" sources. Strengthening the power of the king.

The church is the largest landowner. The growth of the influence of the church. Separation of churches. The weakening of the authority and power of the Pope. Heretic movement. Catholic Church and Heretics. Inquisition. monastic orders. Francis of Assisi. Dominique Guzman.

Crusades. Clermont appeal of Pope Urban II. Palestine is the Holy Land for believing Christians. Crusades and Crusaders. The goals of the various participants in the Crusades. Differences between the campaigns of the poor and the feudal lords. The consequences of the first crusade for Byzantium.

Formation of the crusader states on the Mediterranean coast. Resistance of the peoples of the East to the onslaught of the crusaders. Salah ad-din and the third crusade. The fate of the campaigns of Kings Frederick I Barbarossa, Philip II Augustus, Richard the Lionheart with his vassals. Fourth Crusade. Sack of Constantinople.

The collapse of Byzantium and its restoration. Children's Crusades. Significance and results of the crusades for the West and East.

TopicVII . Formation of centralized states in Western Europe (XI - XV centuries)

How did the unification of France take place? Economic successes of the French state. Unification of cities and peasant farmers, parts of the knighthood around the king. The beginning of the unification of France. Philip II August. The struggle of the French and English kings for French territories. Battle of Buvin. Louis IX Saint. The rise of France's international prestige. Conflict between the king and the pope. Avignon captivity of the popes. The weakening of the power of the pope. France is a centralized state. Estates General - French Parliament. Formation of the estate monarchy in France.

What the British consider the beginning of their freedoms. Norman Duke Wilhelm. King of England - William the Conqueror, founder of the Norman dynasty. From conquest to centralized state. Henry II Plantagenet and his reforms. The historical significance of the reforms.

John Landless and the Magna Carta - the constitution of the estate-feudal monarchy. Barons against the king. Parliament is an assembly of estates.

Hundred Years War. Causes and motives for war. Readiness for war, armament of enemy armies. The main stages of the Hundred Years War. Defeat at Crecy. Battle of Poitiers. The resumption of civil strife in France. Battle of Agincourt. Charles VII. city of Orleans. Guerrilla war. Joan of Arc. Coronation of King Charles. Recognition of the feat of the national heroine. End of the Hundred Years War.

Peasant uprisings in France and England. The Black Death and the Hundred Years' War. The condition of the peasants. Growing peasant discontent. Jacquerie in France. Guillaume Kal. The deterioration of the condition of the English peasants. John Ball. Wat Tyler's rebellion in England. The results and significance of the uprising.

Strengthening of royal power at the end of the 15th century in France and England. Fight between Louis XI and Charles the Bold. Strengthening the power of the French king at the end of the 15th century. Completion of the unification of France. Consequences of the unification of France. The internecine war of the Scarlet and White Roses in England: results and consequences. Henry VII. Strengthening the power of the English king at the end of the 15th century.

Reconquista and the formation of centralized states in the Iberian Peninsula. Muslim Spain is a prosperous part of Europe. Moors. Andalusia. Centuries-old Reconquista of Spain. Won freedom and lands. Reconquista and new kingdoms. Disintegration of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The advent of Christianity. Moors and the Granada Caliphate. The estate-monarchist structure of centralized states on the Iberian Peninsula. Cortes. Formation of a unified Spanish kingdom. Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon. Inquisition. Auto-da-fe.

TopicVIII .Germany and Italy inXII - XV centuries

Strengthening the power of the princes in Germany . Reasons for the continued fragmentation of Germany. Weakness of royalty. Formation of independent centralized states in Germany. Strengthening the power of the princes in Germany.

Holy Roman Empire and Principalities in the XIV century. King Charles I - Emperor Charles IV. From the Luxembourg dynasty to the Habsburg dynasty: the loss of the institutions and authority of imperial power. Strengthening the independence of the German states. Territorial losses and acquisitions of the Holy Roman Empire.

The rise of Italian cities. The flourishing of trade and Italian cities. Won freedom. The struggle of cities with feudal lords. the struggle of the popes with the emperors in Italy. Formation of tyranny in some city-states of Italy. Tyranny of the Medici in Florence.

TopicIX . Slavic states and Byzantium inXIV - XV centuries

Hussite movement in the Czech Republic. The rise of the role of the Czech Republic in the Holy Roman Empire. Economic rise of the Czech state. Population, church and government. anti-feudal sentiments in society. Jan Hus is a critic of the clergy. Church Cathedral in Constanta. The painful execution of Jan Hus. Hussite movement in the Czech Republic: stages and actions of opponents. Jan Zizka. Results and consequences of the Hussite movement.

The conquest of the Balkan Peninsula by the Ottoman Turks. Balkan peoples on the eve of the conquest. The long-awaited freedom of the Bulgarians from the power of Byzantium at the end of the XII century. Strengthening and disintegration of Serbia. The Byzantine Empire is the loss of its former power. rivalry between the Balkan states. The formation of the Ottoman state and the beginning of its aggressive policy. Battle of Kosovo. Milos Obilic. Loss of Bulgarian independence. Fall of the Byzantine Empire. Renaming Constantinople to Istanbul - the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The conquest of the Balkan Peninsula by the Ottoman Turks.

TopicX . Culture of Western Europe inXI - XV centuries

Education and philosophy . Expanding the boundaries of the world of medieval man. Travel of Marco Polo. The development of secular culture. The emergence of universities. Universities structure. Scholasticism is a religious philosophy. Appeal to the ancient heritage. Aristotle, Saint Augustine. Discussion about the relationship between faith and reason in Christian teaching. Dispute between church and philosophers. Pierre Abelard. Bernard of Clairvaux. Thomas Aquinas. Development of knowledge about nature. Experience and observation are methods of understanding nature in the teachings of Roger Bacon. The role of philosophy in the medieval era.

Medieval Literature and Art. The influence of the development of education on the culture of chivalry. Troubadours. The ethical image of a knight. Courtly poetry and the cult of the Beautiful Lady. Trouvers and minnesingers. Knightly Literature. The novel Tristan and Isolde. Formation of urban culture. Urban Literature. Vaganty. Dante Alighieri. The influence of the church on the development of art in Western Europe. Architecture. Romanesque and Gothic styles. Medieval painting. Book miniature. Frescoes.

The culture of the early Renaissance in Italy. The origin of the culture of the early Renaissance in Italy. Revival of the ancient heritage. Humanists and their ideal of the universal man. Criticism of the clergy. The upbringing of the new man. The role of self-education in the formation of a person. Francesco Petrarca, Giovanni Boccaccio - the first humanists. the beginning of the discovery of the individuality of man. Portrait. Painting. Sandro Botticelli.

Scientific discoveries and inventions. From astrology to alchemy to astronomy and chemistry. medicine. Improvement of the water engine. The invention of the blast furnace. Improvement of equipment and devices for metal processing. Firearms. Revolution in military affairs. Compass and astrolabe. Christopher Columbus. The beginning of the Great geographical discoveries. Beginning of typography. Johannes Gutenberg. Development of literacy and education. Libraries.

TopicXI . The peoples of Asia. America and Africa.

Medieval China. The Tang Empire is a single state. Emperor - "Son of Heaven". Subjugation of neighbors to the power of the empire. The formation of large estates. Strengthening the position of the feudal lords. The development of feudal relations. Fight for land rights. Song Empire in the period of mature feudalism. Mongolian danger. The conquest of China by the Mongols. Anti-Mongolian uprising of the Red Turbans. Acquisition of independence. Economic growth. The development of Chinese culture and its influence on the countries of the Pacific region.

India. State and culture. Geographical and ethnic disunity of the peoples of India. Establishment of feudal relations. State and local authorities. Raji. Hindu religion. Brahmins. Peasantry. The caste structure of society. Internecine wars of the Rajas. weakening of the country. Formation of independent Muslim states in India. Economy and wealth of India. trade and relations with other countries. Culture. The science. Art. Education.

States and peoples of pre-Columbian America. The population of North and South America and its occupations. Preservation of tribal relations. Maya and their world. Aztecs and their world. Organization of society, city and culture. State of the Incas. Management and organization of life, population and occupations. The uniqueness of the culture of the peoples of pre-Columbian America.

Africa. Uneven development of the peoples of Africa. Territory of settlement, occupation, lifestyle of the peoples of Central Africa. Nomads of the Sahara desert. States of Africa, their structure and culture. Influence and connections with Islamic culture. Cultural heritage of the peoples of Western Sudan. African sculpture. Exploration of Africa by Europeans.

Medieval heritage and its significance for modern times

History of the Fatherland from antiquity to the endXVI century"

Introduction.

The subject of national history. History of Russia as an integral part of the world-historical process. Factors of originality of Russian history. Natural factor in the history of North-Eastern Eurasia. Sources on Russian history. Historical space and symbols of Russian history.

ChapterI . Russia Ancient.

Ethnogenesis, early history, material and spiritual culture of the Slavs. The emergence and resettlement of man on the territory of Russia. The first cultures and societies. Sarmatians. Scythians. The states of the Volga region, the Caucasus and the Northern Black Sea region. Nomadic and sedentary societies of the era of migration of peoples. Huns and nomadic empires. Finno-Ugrians, Turks, Balts, Germans and Slavs in ethno-cultural interaction at the turn of the first millennium.

East Slavs. Occupations, way of life, tribal unions, their resettlement. Tribal relations.

Socio-economic and political structure of Ancient Russia in the context of world history. Features of ancient Russian statehood.

Russia in the IX - the first half of the XII century. Prerequisites and reasons for the formation of the state among the Eastern Slavs. Basic lessons. Varangians. Novgorod and Kyiv are two centers of statehood. Formation of the ancient Russian state. The first Russian princes. Prince and squad. Polyudie. Military campaigns of the Kyiv princes. Activities of Oleg, Igor, Olga.

Christianity and paganism. Prince Vladimir. Baptism of Russia. The heyday of the state under Yaroslav the Wise. "Russkaya Pravda" - the first set of laws of the Kyiv state. Domestic policy of Yaroslav the Wise. The Old Russian state under the sons and grandsons of Yaroslav the Wise. strife. Lyubech Congress of Princes. Prince Vladimir Monomakh.

Ancient Russia and its neighbors on international routes between East and West.

Culture of Ancient Russia: unity and regional features . Origins and features, oral folk art. The emergence of writing. Beginning of chronicle. Nestor. Education. Literature. Wooden and stone architecture. Sculpture, painting. The meaning of culture. Life and customs of Ancient Russia.

The formation of the ancient Russian people.

ChapterII .

Features of the feudal system of medieval Russia. The structure of Russian medieval society. Crisis of the thirteenth century

The beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state. Causes of political fragmentation. The fall of Kyiv Civil strife. Consequences of fragmentation.

The main political centers: Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, Galicia-Volyn Principality, Kiev Principality, Novgorod Boyar Republic.

Mongol invasion of Russia. State of Genghis Khan. conquests in Asia. Battle on the Kalka River. Heroic defense of Ryazan, Moscow, Vladimir, Kyiv. The value of the struggle against the Mongol-Tatar conquerors.

The struggle of Russia with the Western conquerors. Livonian and Teutonic orders. Neva battle. Alexander Nevskiy. Battle on the Ice. The value of the victories of the Russian squads over the German and Swedish conquerors.

Russia in the system of international relations and relations in the Middle Ages.

Russian lands and the Golden Horde. Political and economic dependence of Russia on the Horde. Duties of the Russian population. The struggle of the Russian people against the Horde dominion.

Russia and the West. Russia and Lithuania. Culture of Russian lands.

Native land in antiquity.

ChapterIII . Russia Moscow.

North-Eastern Russia: centers of consolidation, Unification of lands around Moscow. Russian lands within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Moscow is the center of the struggle against the Horde dominion. Prerequisites and reasons for the unification of Russian lands. Moscow and Tver - the struggle for political primacy. The reign of Ivan Kalita. Reasons for the rise of Moscow. Kulikovo battle. Dmitry Donskoy.

Political centralization and the formation of autocracy.

Moscow principality and its neighbors at the end of the XIV - the middle of the XV century. Creation of a unified Russian state and the end of the Horde dominion. Reign of Ivan III. Accession of Novgorod to Moscow, Tver. Basil IV. Changes in the political system and management. Strengthening of the princely power. Localism. Feeding system. Transformations in the army. local system. Votchina. Church property. Sudebnik of 1497.

Religion and Church in Medieval Russia.

Church and State. The relationship between church and government. Heresy. The theory "Moscow is the third Rome".

Culture and life. The cultural rise of Russia after the Battle of Kulikovo. Historical stories. Monuments of the Kulikovo cycle, "Zadonshchina", "The Legend of the Mamaev Battle". The main buildings of the Moscow Kremlin. F. Grek. A. Rublev.

Muscovy in the 16th century: territory, socio-economic and political development, main processes in spiritual life.

Muscovy at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th century. Boyar rule. The beginning of the reign of Ivan 4. His crowning to reign. Reforms of the Chosen Rada. Beginning of Zemsky Sobors. Sudebnik of 1550. Reforms of central and local government. military reforms.

Foreign policy of Ivan the Terrible: the annexation of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, the Livonian War. Yermak's campaign. Oprichnina: its goals and essence, oprichnina terror. Church position. Trip to Novgorod. The results of the oprichnina policy.

Culture and life in the XVI century. Education. Ivan Fedorov. Beginning of typography. Historical stories. Russian architecture. Painting.

Final repetition.

"New History 1500-1800"

Introduction.

Concept and chronology.

Early modern times. The transition from the medieval system of economy to the market.

ChapterI . The world at the beginning of a new era.

Modernization. initial accumulation of capital.

The era of great geographical discoveries. New inventions and improvements. Energy sources. Typography. New in military affairs and shipbuilding. Geographic representations. Why beckoned new lands. Spain and Portugal are looking for new sea routes to the East. Enrique the navigator. Vasco de Gama. Around Africa to India. Journey of Christopher Columbus. Fernando Magellan. First round-the-world trip. Significance of the Great Geographical Discoveries

Europe: from the Middle Ages to the New Age. Absolutism in Europe. The concept of "absolutism". The value of absolutism for the social, economic, political and cultural development of society. Henry VIII Tudor, Elizabeth Tudor, James I Stuart, Louis XIV of Bourbon.

The entrepreneurial spirit is transforming the economy. Growth of cities and trade. world trade. Banks, exchanges, trading companies. The transition from handicraft to manufactory. hired labor.

The development of nation states. Social strata of European society, their distinctive features. The bourgeoisie of the early modern era. New nobility. Peasant Europe. the lower strata of the population. Vagrancy. Beggar Laws. European population and main features of everyday life. The main troubles: epidemics, famine, wars.

Renaissance. From the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Renaissance and its characteristic features. The birth of humanism. The First Utopias: Thomas More. The work of William Shakespeare, Miguel Cervantes. New trends in fine arts: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti.

The development of a new science in the 16th - 17th centuries and its influence on technological progress and human self-knowledge. The destruction of the medieval concept of the universe. The Teachings of Nicolaus Copernicus, Giordano Bruno. The most important discoveries of Galileo Galilei. Creation by Isaac Newton of a new picture of the world. William Harvey on the structure of the human body. Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes are the founders of modern philosophy.

Reformation and Counter-Reformation in Europe. Reformation - the struggle for the reorganization of the church and its spread in Europe. Martin Luther. Fundamentals of his teachings. Protestantism. Thomas Müntzer - leader of the popular Reformation.

The Teaching and Church of John Calvin. The struggle of the Catholic Church against the Reformation. Ignatius Loyola and the Jesuit Order.

Kingship and the Reformation in England. Henry VIII - "religious reformer". Anglican Church. Elizabeth I is "the supreme ruler of ecclesiastical and secular affairs." Strengthening the power of England under Elizabeth I.

Religious wars and absolute monarchy in France. Struggle between Catholics and Huguenots. Bartholomew night. War of the Three Heinrichs. Richelieu's reforms. France is the strongest state on the European continent.

ChapterII .Early bourgeois revolutions. International relationships. Struggle forsuperiority in Europe and the colonies.

The Dutch Revolution and the Birth of the Free Republic of Holland. The Netherlands is "the jewel in the crown of the Habsburgs".

Features of the economic and political development of the Netherlands in the XVI century. Terror of Alba. William of Orange. Forest and sea geese. Union of Utrecht. Birth of the Republic. The Dutch Republic is the most economically developed country in Europe.

English bourgeois revolution. Establishment of a parliamentary monarchy. England in the first half of the 17th century. Causes of the Revolution. Charles I Stuart. The beginning of the revolution. Long Parliament. Civil War. Parliament against the king. Oliver Cromwell and the Creation of the Revolutionary Army. Battle of Naseby. The first reforms of the Parliament. The Execution of the King and the Establishment of the Republic: Domestic and International Consequences. Restoration of the Stuarts. "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 and the birth of a parliamentary monarchy.

International relationships. Causes of international conflicts in the XVII-XVIII centuries. The Thirty Years' War is the first all-European war. Causes and beginning of the war. Major military operations. The end of the war and its results.

War of the Spanish Succession. The Seven Years' War: Its Participants and Significance. Consequences of the European wars for the further development of international relations.

ChapterIII . Age of Enlightenment.

Transformation time . Western European culture of the XVIII century. Enlighteners of the XVIII century - the heirs of the humanists of the Renaissance. Ideas of the Enlightenment. The Artistic Culture of Europe in the Age of Enlightenment. Features of the development of musical art of the XVIII century. The significance of the cultural values of the Enlightenment for the formation of new humanistic values in European and North American societies.

Industrial Revolution in England. Agricultural Revolution in England. The industrial revolution in England: background and features.

North American colonies in the struggle for independence. Education in the United States of America. First colonies in North America. Political structure and economic development of the colonies. B. Franklin is a great mentor of "young" capitalism. Causes of the North American War of Independence. George Washington and Thomas. US Declaration of Independence. US Constitution of 1787. US political system.

Great French Revolution of the 18th century.

France in the middle of the 18th century: characteristics of socio-economic and political development. Louis XVI. attempt at reform. Convocation of the Estates General. Constituent Assembly. July 14, 1789 - the beginning of the revolution.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Constitution of 1791. The beginning of the revolutionary wars. The overthrow of the monarchy. Republic proclamation. Jacobin Club. Danton. Marat. Robespierre. The confrontation between the "Mountain" and the "Girondins" in the Convention. The trial of the king and the execution of Louis 16. Counter-revolutionary riots.

Jacobin dictatorship. Jacobin terror. Causes of the fall of the Jacobin dictatorship. Thermidorian revolution. Directory Wars. General Bonaparte: military leader, man. French military successes. The coup d'etat of 18 Brumaire 1799 and the establishment of the consulate.

ChapterIV . Colonial period in Latin America.

The world of the Spaniards and the world of the Indians. Creation of a colonial system of government. Restrictions in the field of economic life. Abuse of the indigenous population. The Catholic Church and the Inquisition in the Colonies. Black slaves. Latin American society: life and life of various segments of the population. Republic of Palmares, Toussaint Louverture and the war in Haiti.

ChapterV .

The main features of a traditional society. Crisis and collapse of the Mughal Empire in India. Manchu conquest of China. Japan during the Tokugawa Dynasty.

Repetition “The world in the early modern era.

"RUSSIAN HISTORYXVI - XVIII AGE"

Introduction. The main historical sources, chronology and essence of the new stage of Russian history.

ChapterI .Russia at the turnXVI - XVII centuries.

Time of Troubles: Causes and Consequences.

Domestic and foreign policy of Boris Godunov. Internal political situation in the country after the death of Ivan the Terrible. Power struggle. Boris Godunov. Suppression of the Rurik dynasty. Socio-economic policy. Famine of 1601-1603 International politics.

Trouble. Causes of Troubles and the Essence of Troubled Times. Domestic and foreign policy of False Dmitry I. Boyar conspiracy. Accession of Vasily Shuisky. Rebellion of Ivan Bolotnikov. False Dmitry II. Tushino camp. Invasion of Poland and Sweden. Seven Boyars. The militia of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky. Zemsky Sobor in 1613. Beginning of the Romanov dynasty.

ChapterII .Russia inXVII century.

Political system. The first Romanovs: the strengthening of autocratic power. Weakening of the role of Zemsky Sobors and the Boyar Duma.

Economic and social development. Economic consequences of the Troubles. Strengthening the role of corvee and dues. New phenomena in the economy. Strengthening the positions of the nobility. Cathedral Code of 1649. The final enslavement of the peasants. The peoples of Russia in the 17th century. Exploration of Siberia.

Popular movements. Causes and characteristics of popular unrest. Urban uprisings: Salt riot. Copper Riot. The uprising led by Stepan Razin.

Power and Church. Patriarch Philaret. Patriarch Nikon. Church split. Archpriest Avvakum.

Foreign policy. Russia and the Commonwealth. Accession of Left-bank Ukraine and Kyiv to Russia. Russian-Polish war 1653-1667 Russian-Turkish war 1676-1681 Crimean campaigns.

Education and culture in the 17th century. Education. Scientific knowledge. Russian pioneers: S.I. Dezhnev, M.V. Stadukhin, V.D. Poyarkov, E.P. Khabarov. Literature: satirical stories, autobiographical stories: "The Life" of Archpriest Avvakum. Architecture: B. Ogurtsov, tented style; Kolomna Palace. Painting. Simon Ushakov.

Estate life. Customs and mores.

Repetition and generalization.

ChapterIII . Russia under PeterI .

Economy, society and power of Russia in the late 17th - early 18th centuries.

Background and Significance of the Reforms of Peter I.

Transformations of Peter I. Personality of Peter. Grand Embassy 1697-1698 Army reorganization. The abolition of the Boyar Duma and the order system. Establishment of the Governing Senate, boards, the Secret Chancellery. Decree on unity. Table of ranks. Provincial reform. Changes in the system of city government. Church reform. assertion of absolutism. Proclamation of Russia as an empire. Reforms in the economy. The policy of protectionism and mercantilism. tax reform. Poll tribute. The price and consequences of the reforms of Peter I.

The foreign policy of Peter I. Northern War 1700-1721 The results of the foreign policy of Peter I.

Popular movements. Causes of popular uprisings in the Petrine era. The meaning and consequences of popular speeches.

Changes in culture. Spread of education, scientific knowledge. Creation of the Academy of Sciences, the Cabinet of Curiosities of the Naval and Artillery Museums. Opening of the first scientific library. Architecture: D.Trezzini, V.V.Rastrelli, I.K. Korobov. Art. Engraving. secular painting. I.N. Nikitin. Changes in life. The value of the cultural heritage of the Petrine era.

ChapterIV . Russia in 1725-1762

Palace revolutions. Causes, essence, consequences of palace coups. The phenomenon of palace coups. Favoritism. Elizabeth Petrovna.

Domestic policy. Changes in the central control system. Supreme Privy Council. Foreign policy. The main directions of foreign policy. P.A. Rumyantsev, P.S. Saltykov.

ChapterV .Russia in 1762-1801

Changes in the economy, social and political system, culture of Russia in the XVIII century. Secularization.

Catherine II. Domestic policy of Catherine II. Features of domestic policy. The policy of "enlightened absolutism". Free Economic Society. Fixed commission. The golden age of the Russian nobility. Letters granted to the nobility and cities. Tightening domestic policy in the 1970s and 1980s: causes and consequences. Provincial (regional) reform. The tightening of serfdom. Peasant war led by E.I. Pugachev.

Economic development. The beginning of the decomposition of the feudal-serf system. Entrepreneurship, commercial and industrial companies. Trade. Finance.

The development of social thought. The struggle of autocracy with free-thinking.

Popular movements.

Paul I. Domestic policy of Paul I. Changes in the order of succession. Policy towards the peasants. repressive politics.

Foreign policy. The main directions of foreign policy. Russian-Turkish wars. Russian military art: A.V. Suvorov, F.F. Ushakov. Accession of the Crimea, the Northern Black Sea region. Greek project of Catherine II. G.A. Potemkin. Russia's participation in the sections of the Commonwealth. Accession of the Right-Bank Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, part of Latvia, Struggle against revolutionary France.

Culture and life in the second half of the XVIII century. Development of education. Formation of domestic science: Academy of Sciences, M.V. Lomonosov, M.I. Shein, G.V. Rikhman, V.N. Tatishchev. Academic expeditions: V.Bering, S.P.Krashenninikov. Exploration of Russian America. Development of technology: I.F. and M.I. Motorina, I.I. Polzunov, K.D. Frolov, I.P. Kulibin.

Literature. New verse. V.K.Trediakovsky. Dramaturgy. A.P. Sumarokov. Russian enlighteners. D.I. Fonvizin. G.R.Derzhavin. N.I. Novikov. Russian seminalism. N.M. Karamzin.

Theatre. F.G.Volkov. Castle theatres. P.I. Kovaleva-Zhemchugova, T.V. Shlykova-Granatova.

Music: D.S. Bortnyansky, V.A. Pashkevich, E.I. Fomin. Folk music.

Art. Historical painting. Historical painting. A.P. Lysenko. Portrait. A.P. Antropov. I.P. and N.I. Argunov. F.S. Rokotov. V.L. Borovikovsky. The origin of Russian sculpture. V.I.Shubin.Architecture. Baroque. V.V. Rastrelli. Russian classicism. V.I. Bazhenov. M.V.Kazakov. I.E.Starov.

Changes in the life of peasants and townspeople: housing, clothing, food, leisure, customs.

Final summary "Russia and the World at the Turn of the 18th-19th Centuries".

ChapterI .

Countries and nations on the path of modernization. industrial society . Modernization is the process of destruction of a traditional society. The main features of an industrial society (classical capitalism): freedom, the dominance of commodity production and market relations, rapid technical modernization. Completion of the industrial revolution. The time of technological progress.

Free competition capitalism. Strengthening the process of concentration of production and capital. Increasing role of banks. Forms of merger of enterprises. Corporations and monopolies. Monopoly capitalism or imperialism, its main features. Growth of cities. Changes in the structure of the population of an industrial society.

Material culture and changes in the daily life of society. The development of science in the 19th century. Discoveries in the field of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine. Science at the service of man.

Ideological currents in social science. Conservative, liberal, socialist responses to social challenges. Formation of liberal democracy Socialist teachings of the first half of the 19th century. Utopian socialism about the ways of restructuring society. Revolutionary socialism is Marxism. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels on the structure and development of society. The birth of revisionism. E. Bernstein. I International.

ChapterII . Building a new Europe.

France in the period of consulate and empire. Napoleon Bonaparte's regime of personal power. Napoleonic era. Internal policy of the consulate and the empire. Hike to Russia. The collapse of the Napoleonic empire. Congress of Vienna. Holy Alliance and the European Order.

France: economic life and political structure after the restoration of the Bourbons. Revolution of 1830.

England in the first half of the 19th century. The establishment of a complete parliamentary regime. Chart movement. England is the "workshop of the world". From Chartism to "Reverence". The foreign policy of England.

New system of international relations. Reunification of Italy and Germany.

The struggle for the unification of Germany. Wilhelm I 1 and Otto von Bismarck. The rivalry of Prussia with Austria for leadership among the German states. War with Austria. Formation of the North German Confederation.

The struggle for independence and national unification of Italy. K. Cavour. Revolutionary activity of D. Garibaldi and policy of D. Mazzini. National unification of Italy.

Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune. Fall of the Second Empire. Third republic in France. Completion of the unification of Germany and the proclamation of the German Empire. Parisian commune. An attempt at reform. Defeat of the Commune.

ChapterIII . European countries at the turnXIX - XX centuries.

Europe: the time of reforms and colonial conquests. German Empire. political device. Causes of Prussian hegemony within the empire. Rapid economic development. Junkers and the peasantry. From the New Deal to World Politics. Fight for a "place in the sun". Nationalism. Preparation for war.

Creation of the British Empire. English Parliament. Features of civil society. Features of the economic development of Great Britain. Irish question. Birth of the Labor Party. D.R. MacDonald. Foreign policy. Colonial takeovers.

Third republic in France. Features of economic and political development. Corruption of the state apparatus. The Dreyfus affair. Protest movement. Creation of a colonial empire.

Italy: the time of reforms and colonial conquests. A constitutional monarchy. Reasons for the slow development of capitalism. Foreign policy Colonial wars.

Austria-Hungary. "Patchwork Empire". Development of national cultures and self-consciousness of peoples. "Spring of Nations" in the Habsburg Empire. Foreign policy.

ChapterIV . Two Americas.

USA in the 19th century. The expansion of the US. "Land Fever" Features of the industrial revolution and economic development in the first half of the XIX century. Plantation slave economy in the South. Rise of George Brown. Growing conflict between North and South. Civil War. Abolition of slavery. Homestead law. Northern victory.

USA in the period of monopoly capitalism. Economic development after the civil war. "The farmer feels abandoned." The dominance of tests. Presidential republic. structure of American society. unresolved social problems. AFT. Theodore Roosevelt. Monroe Doctrine.

Latin America. National liberation struggle of the peoples of Latin America. S. Bolivar.

The main artistic currents. Romanticism and critical realism in literature (D. Byron, V. Hugo, G. Heine, C. Dickens, O. Balzac). Naturalism: E. Zola, R. Kipling. The embodiment of an era in literature.

Art. “The fiery brushes of the romantics”. F.H. Goya, E. Delacroix, Realism in painting: O. Daumier, G. Courbet, J.F. Impressionism: C. Monet, C. Pisarro, O. Renoir. Sculpture: O. Rodin. Post-impressionism: P. Cezanne, P. Gauguin, V. van Gogh. Music: F. Chopin, D. Verdi, J. Bizet, C. Debussy. Architecture and urban planning. The birth of cinema.

ChapterV . Traditional societies inXIX century: a new stage of colonialism.

Japan. Crisis of traditionalism. Forced "opening" of Japan by the European powers. The era of modernization. First reforms. New features of development. political device. colonial policy.

China. Forced "discovery" of China. Taiping movement. Division of China into spheres of influence. Uprising 1899-1900 The transformation of China into a semi-colony of industrial powers.

India Features of the colonial regime in India. Violent destruction of traditional society. Uprising 1857-1859 Agrarian overpopulation of the country, famine and epidemics. Indian National Congress: "Moderates" and "Extremes".

Africa. traditional society on the African continent. Population occupations. Cults and religions. Partition of Africa by European powers.

ChapterVI . International relations at the endXIX - earlyXX century.

Political map of the world at the beginning of the 20th century. colonial empires. Growing contradictions between the great powers and the main knots of contradictions. Triple Alliance. Franco-Russian alliance. Anglo-German rivalry. Entente. First imperialist wars. The Balkan Wars - the prologue of the First World War. pacifist movement.

The science. Culture. Gen.

Repetition.

Russian historyXIX century

ChapterI . Russia in the first quarterXIX century.

Russia in European and world politics. The transformation of Russia into a great European power. Domestic policy in 1801-1806 The coup on March 11, 1801 and the first transformations of Alexander 1. "Unspoken Committee". Decree on "free cultivators". Reform of public education. Agrarian reform in the Baltics. Reforms of M.M. Speransky.

Foreign policy in 1801-1812 The international position of Russia at the beginning of the century. The main goals and directions of foreign policy. Patriotic War of 1812. Foreign campaigns of the Russian army. Russia's foreign policy in 1813-1815. Congress of Vienna.

Domestic policy in 1814-1825 Reasons for the change in Alexander's domestic policy 1. The main results of Alexander's domestic policy 1. Socio-economic development. The economic crisis of 1812-1815 Agrarian project of A.A. Arakcheev.

Social movement. Union of Salvation. "Union of Prosperity". "Southern" and "Northern" societies. Program documents of P.I. Pestel and N.M. Muravyov.

ChapterII .Russia in the second quarterXIX century.

dynastic crisis. Death of Alexander I. and dynastic crisis. Decembrist uprising on December 14, 1825. Significance of the Decembrist uprising.

Domestic policy of Nicholas I. Strengthening the role of the state apparatus. Attempts to solve the peasant problem. Tightening control over society. Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. Russian Orthodox Church and State. The third branch of the royal office.

Socio-economic development. Contradictions of economic development. The crisis of the feudal-serf system. The beginning of the industrial revolution. Financial reform E.F. Kankrin. Reform of management of the state peasants P.D.Kiselyov.

Foreign policy in 1826-1849

Peoples of Russia. National policy of autocracy. Polish question. Caucasian war. Shamil movement.

Social movement of the 30-50s. XIX century. conservative movement. The theory of "official nationality" by S.S. Uvarov. liberal movement. Westerners: T.N. Granovsky, S.M. Soloviev. Slavophiles: I.S. and K.S. Aksakovs, I.V. and P.V. Kireevsky. revolutionary movement. A.I. Herzen and N.P. Ogarev. Petrashevtsy. The theory of "communal socialism".

Foreign policy. Crimean War 1853-1856 Goals, forces, plans of the parties. The main stages of the war. Peace of Paris 1856. Results of the war.

Culture and life in the first half of the XIX century. The development of education, its class character. Scientific discoveries. Russian pioneers and travelers. Features and main styles in artistic culture: romanticism, classicism, realism.

Literature: V.A. Zhukovsky, K.F. Ryleev, A.I. Odoevsky. The Golden Age of Russian Poetry: A.S. Pushkin. M.Yu.Lermontov. Critical realism: N.V. Gogol, I.S. Turgenev, D.V. Grigorovich. Drama works by A.N. Ostrovsky. Theatre: P.S. Mochalov, M.S. Shchepkin, A.E. Martynov.

Music. Formation of the Russian national music school. A.E. Varlamov, A.A. Alyabiev, M.I. Glinka, A.S. Dargomyzhsky.

Painting. K.P. Bryullov, O.A. Kiprensky, V.A. Tropinin, A.A. Ivanov, P.A. Fedotov, A.G. Venetsianov.

Architecture. Russian Empire. Ensemble building of cities. A.D.Zakharov. A.N. Voronikhin. K.I.Rossi. O.I. Bove. Russian-Byzantine style. K.A.Ton.

Generalization "Russia on the threshold of change".

ChapterIII . Russia in the second halfXIX century.

Reforms and society in Russia in the 19th century.

Abolition of serfdom. Background and reasons for the abolition of serfdom. Preparation of the peasant reform. The main provisions of the peasant reform of 1861. Significance of the abolition of serfdom.

The evolution of Russian power in the XIX century. Liberal reforms of the 60-70s. Zemstvo and city reforms. Creation of local self-government. Judicial reform. military reform.

The national question in the reign of Alexander II. Polish uprising of 1863

The beginning of the industrial modernization of Russia: the main stages and features. Socio-economic development of the country after the abolition of serfdom. Restructuring of agriculture and industrial production.

Official ideology and social movement in the 19th century. traditional religions. Features of Russian liberalism in the mid-50s - early 60s. Differences in the Liberal Movement. Zemsky constitutionalism. Conservatives and reforms M.N. Katkova. Reasons for the growth of the revolutionary movement in post-reform Russia. N.G. Chernyshevsky. Theorists of revolutionary populism: M.A. Bakunin, P.L. Lavrov, P.N. Tkachev. Populist organizations of the second half of the 60-70s. XIX century. S.G. Nechaev and "nechaevshchina". "Journey to the People". "Land and freedom". "People's Will". Assassination of Alexander II.

The foreign policy of Alexander II. The main directions of Russia's foreign policy in the 60-70s of the XIX century. A.M. Gorchakov. European policy of Russia. The end of the Caucasian war. Russian policy in Central Asia. Far East policy. Sale of Alaska.

Domestic policy of Alexander II. K.P. Pobedonostsev. Attempts to solve the peasant problem. The beginning of labor legislation. Strengthening repressive policies. Politics in the field of education and the press. Strengthening the positions of the nobility. Attack on local self-government. The National and Religious Policy of Alexander II.

Economic development of the country in the 80-90s. XIX century General characteristics of the economic policy of Alexander III.

The position of the main strata of Russian society. The social structure of the post-reform society.

Social movement in the 80-90s. The crisis of revolutionary populism. Changes in the liberal movement. Strengthening the position of conservatives. Spread of Marxism in Russia

The foreign policy of Alexander III. Priorities and main directions of the foreign policy of Alexander III.

Russian culture, science, education in the 19th century. The rise of Russian democratic culture. school reform. Development of natural and social sciences. Advances in the physical, mathematical, applied and chemical sciences. Geographers and travelers. Agricultural science. Historical science. Critical realism in literature.

Russian art. Socio-political significance of the activities of the Wanderers. "The Mighty Handful" and P.I. Tchaikovsky. Russian opera. Russian Drama Theatre. Life: new features in the life of the city and village.

Native land in the second half of the XIX century.

Final summary “Russia on the Threshold of the 20th Century.

Russian historyXX - StartXXI century

Chapter 1. Russia at the turnXIX - XX centuries.

Russian Empire at the turn of the century and its place in the world. Sources for recent history. Russia at the beginning of the 20th century: economy, politics, ideology, culture. The role of Russia in the world economy and politics.

Political development of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Personality of Nicholas II, his political views. The struggle in the highest echelons of power on the issue of political transformation. S.Yu.Witte, V.K.Pleve, P.D.Svyatopolk-Mirsky. National and confessional policy of Nicholas II.

Economic development of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Features of the development of the Russian economy at the beginning of the century. Artisanal Russia. Agriculture: the impoverishment of the center. rural community.

The social structure of the Russian Empire. Features of the social structure of Russian society at the beginning of the century.

The foreign policy of Nicholas II. Russia's Foreign Policy Priorities at the Beginning of the Reign of Nicholas II. Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905.

Socio-political movement at the beginning of the 20th century. Prerequisites for the formation and features of political parties in Russia. Classification of political parties in Russia. Russian social democracy. II Congress of the RSDLP. Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. V.I.Lenin and Yu.O.Martov. Party of Socialist Revolutionaries. Features of software and tactical installations. V.M. Chernov. The activities of the military organization of E. Azef.

The first Russian revolution. "Zubatovsky socialism": essence, prospects, reasons for the failure. Bloody Sunday. Causes of the Revolution. major revolutionary events. "Top" in the conditions of the revolution. "Manifesto October 17, 1905". results of the revolution.

Reforms in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century: background and significance. Reforms of P.A. Stolypin. Activity of the first State Duma. Government program of P.A. Stolypin. Agrarian reform, its economic, social and political meaning. resettlement policy. Second State Duma. Social and political development of Russia in 1912-1914.

Russia in the First World War. Causes of the First World War. Goals and plans of the belligerents. Military operations on the Eastern Front in 1914-1916 Results of the First World War.

National Crisis of 1914 - 1920: Causes and Consequences Aggravation of the internal political situation in the country. The influence of the military factor on the economic and social situation in Russia. The attitude of political parties to the war. "Top" in the conditions of war. "Rasputinism". IV State Duma.

The Silver Age of Russian Literature. The spiritual state of Russian society at the beginning of the 20th century. The main trends in the development of Russian culture at the beginning of the 20th century. Development of science. Russian philosophy: the search for a social ideal. Russian idea.

Drama theater: traditions and innovation. Music and performing arts. Russian ballet. "Russian Seasons" S. Diaghilev. The birth of cinema.

Generalization.

ChapterII . Great Russian Revolution. 1917 - 1921

February to October. February bourgeois-democratic revolution: objective and subjective causes of the revolution. Dual power. Priorities of the new government. Alternatives for the development of the country after February. Lenin's return from emigration. "April Theses". Three Crises of the Provisional Government. The transition of the RSDLP (b) to an illegal position. Speech by General L.G. Kornilov and its consequences. The course of the Bolshevik leadership towards an armed seizure of power. L.D. Trotsky. The Great October Revolution and its impact on the Russian and world economy.

The formation of Soviet power.

II All-Russian Congress of Soviets. The first decrees of the Soviet government. Creation of a coalition government. The fate of the Constituent Assembly. 3rd All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Formation of the Soviet statehood. The attitude of the Bolsheviks to the ongoing world war. Struggle in the RSDLP (b) on the issue of a separate peace. Brest-Litovsk peace treaty.

The evolution of the economic policy of the Soviet government: from the Red Guard attack on capital to “war communism, the new economic policy.

Civil War. Causes of the Civil War and its stages. Formation of white, red, green movements. Creation of the Red Army. Foreign intervention: causes, scale, forms, areas of intervention.

End of the civil war. Reasons for the victory of the Reds. "Small Civil War". Peasant uprisings in 1920-1921 Kronstadt uprising.

New economic policy. The essence of the NEP and its economic results. Social structure and social psychology in the 20s. Crisis of NEP, its causes. Alternative options for overcoming crisis phenomena.

The development of the political process in the 20s. Attitude towards the NEP in various sections of the population and in the party. The evolution of V.I. Lenin's views on NEP. The main contradiction of the NEP. Formation of a one-party system. Education of the USSR. The struggle for power in the political leadership of the country after the death of V.I. Lenin. Strengthening I.V. Stalin.

Foreign policy in the 20s. The idea of world revolution and the establishment of the Communist International. The evolution of V.I. Lenin's views on the world revolution. A breakthrough in the world isolation of the Soviet country. Genoese conference. Rappal Treaty. The new course of the Comintern. International recognition of the USSR. Increased international tension in the late 1920s.

Spiritual life. Fight against illiteracy. Construction of the Soviet school. The beginning of the creation of the "new intelligentsia". Bolshevik priorities in science. The position of the scientific and technical intelligentsia. Creators of the Silver Age in Soviet Russia.

The first wave of emigration. Bolsheviks and the Church. The beginning of the "new art". Proletcult. Russian Association of Proletarian Writers. Cinema. The beginning of the party attack on culture. Life, life and psychology of people in the 20s.

ChapterIII . USSR on the way of building a new society.

The phenomenon of Soviet society. The Soviet Union as a type of society and state: structure of society, management system, law, education system, science, ideology and social psychology, traditional religions, the national question.

Economic development. Grain procurement crisis of 1927: causes, manifestations, measures to overcome. Soviet model of modernization: specificity, result, price. Socio-psychological prerequisites for the victory of the Stalinist line. Socio-political preparation of the "great turning point" Industrialization: goals, methods, sources. The first five-year plans, their results. Collectivization. Dispossession. Forced industrialization and forced collectivization are an inextricable link. The result of forced development and its price.

Politic system. Definition and main features of a totalitarian political regime and a totalitarian state. Ideologization of public life. Media control. Further attack on the church. Leader cult. The system of mass organizations. Repression. Adoption of the Constitution of 1936.

social system. Changes in the social structure of society. Constitution of 1936 on the social structure of Soviet society. Working class. replenishment sources. Production skills. Life and life. Stakhanovite movement. Peasantry. Life and life of the collective farm village. Intelligentsia. Destruction of old frames. Formation of the proletarian intelligentsia. "Special contingent". GULAG as a structural subdivision of the Soviet economy. Nomenclature.

Foreign policy. New course of Soviet democracy. Admission of the USSR to the League of Nations. The struggle of the USSR for the creation of a system of collective security. Comintern: a course towards the creation of a united anti-fascist front. USSR and the war in Spain. Munich Agreement and Soviet Diplomacy. Far East policy of the USSR.

Spiritual life. School and family. Soviet science. Soviet cinema. Musical creativity. Song art. Painting. Literature. The Cultural Revolution and its results. Life and life of people in the 30s. The psychological state of society.

Native land in the 30s.

ChapterIV .The Great Patriotic War.

USSR on the eve of the war. Soviet-German relations. Causes of the new Soviet-German rapprochement. Soviet-German negotiations in 1939. War with Finland and its results. Strengthening the country's defense capability: successes and miscalculations. Preparing Germany for an attack on the USSR. Beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Fighting in the winter - summer of 1942. Problems of surprise German attack on the USSR. Periodization of military operations. Defensive battles in the summer - autumn of 1941. Heroism of the Soviet soldiers. Reasons for the failures of the Red Army. Order No. 270. Battle of Moscow. Winter offensive of the Red Army and its results.

The failures of the Soviet troops in the Crimea and near Kharkov. Order No. 227. Battle of Stalingrad. Battles in the Caucasus. Creation of the anti-Hitler coalition. Tehran conference.

A radical change in the course of the Great Patriotic War. The defeat of the German troops near Stalingrad. The beginning of the mass expulsion of the invaders from the Soviet land. The Battle of Kursk, its results and significance. Battle for the Dnieper. The results of the summer campaign in 1943.

The results of the winter offensive of the Red Army. Liberation of Ukraine and Crimea. Opening of a second front. The final period of the Great Patriotic War. The offensive of the Soviet troops in the summer of 1944. Operation Bagration. The defeat of German troops in the Baltic. victory in the Balkans. The final battles of the Red Army in Europe. Crimean conference. Berlin operation. Capitulation of Nazi Germany. Potsdam conference. The defeat of Japanese troops in Manchuria.

The decisive role of the USSR in achieving victory in World War II. The reasons for the victory of the Soviet Union over fascism. Results and the cost of victory.

Native land in the Great Patriotic War.

ChapterV . USSR in 1945 - 1953

Post-war reconstruction of the economy. The state of the country's economy after the end of the war. Recovery and development of industry. Difficulties and problems of agriculture. Life and life of people.

political development of the country. "Democratic impulse" of the war. The Gulag system in the post-war years. National Policy.

Ideology and culture. Ideological companies of the 40s. Education. Contradictions in the development of literature, theater, cinema, music. Scientific discussions.

Foreign policy. USSR in the system of post-war international relations. Formation of two military-political blocs of states. Beginning of the Cold War. The role of the Soviet Union in the establishment of communist regimes in the countries of Eastern Europe and Asia. USSR in the Korean War.

ChapterVI . USSR in 1953 - mid-60s.

The Soviet Union as an industrial society: resources, industry, agriculture, scientific and technological progress and the military-industrial complex

Changes in the political system. The death of Stalin and the struggle for power. G.M. Malenkov. L.P. Beria. N.S. Khrushchev. 20th Congress of the CPSU. Criticism of the cult of personality and its limits.

Economic and social development. Economic course of Malenkov. Khrushchev's agricultural policy. The beginning of the development of virgin and fallow lands. Features of social policy. Housing construction.

Development of science and education. Scientific and technological revolution in the USSR. Launch of the first artificial Earth satellite (1957). The first manned space flight of Yu.A. Gagarin on April 12, 1961. Discoveries of Soviet scientists in the most important fields of science. S.P. Korolev, M.V. Keldysh, I.V. Kurchatov, A.D. Sakharov. School reform in 1958.

Spiritual life. I. Erenburg, V. Panova, A. Tvardovsky, D. Granin, V. Dudintsev, R. Rozhdestvensky, E. Evtushenko, A. Voznesensky, A. Sakharov.

Foreign policy. Development of new approaches in foreign policy. Peaceful coexistence of states with different social systems. Resumption of dialogue with the West. Attempts to start disarmament. Berlin crisis of 1961. Caribbean crisis of 1962. Search for new approaches in relations with the countries of socialism. The CPSU and the international communist movement. Relations of the USSR with the countries of the "third world".

ChapterVII . USSR in the mid-60s - mid-80s.

political development. Removal of N.S. Khrushchev from power in October 1964. L.I. Brezhnev. A.N. Kosygin. Strengthening the positions of the party-state nomenklatura. The course on "stability of personnel". 23rd Congress of the CPSU. Constitution of 1977.

The economy of "developed socialism". Prerequisites and main tasks of reforming the economy of the USSR. Agrarian reform of 1965 and its results. Reform of industry in 1965: goals, content, results. The growing backlog of the USSR in the scientific and technical sphere. Features of social policy.

Public life. The concept of "developed socialism". The theory of "aggravation of the ideological struggle" Strengthening ideological control over the media, cultural institutions. Literature in the fight against the ideology of stagnation.

Foreign policy. Establishment of military-strategic parity between the USSR and the USA. Transition to a policy of detente of international tension in East-West relations. USSR in regional conflicts. Participation of the USSR in the war in Afghanistan. End of discharge period. Relations of the USSR with the countries of socialism. Brezhnev Doctrine. Countries of the "third world" in the foreign policy of the Soviet leadership.

ChapterVIII . Perestroika in the USSR 1985-1991.

Causes and consequences of the crisis and collapse of the Soviet system.

Reform of the political system. Death of L.I. Brezhnev. Yu.V.Antropov. M.S.Gorbachev. "Personnel Revolution". All-Union party conference and reform of the political system in 1988. Conducting elections of people's deputies of the USSR in 1989. The revival of the Russian multi-party system. August 1991 political crisis and its consequences. Dissolution of the CPSU. Exacerbation of interethnic contradictions. Declaration of sovereignty by the Union republics. The collapse of the USSR. CIS education.

Economic reforms 1985 - 1991 The state of the economy of the USSR in the mid-1980s. The strategy of "acceleration of socio-economic development". The economic reform of 1987 and the reasons for its incompleteness. Program "500 days".

Public life. Revision of party ideology. New version of the CPSU program (1986). Publicity policy. The loss of the CPSU control over the media. New phenomena in literature, theater, cinema. Resumption of rehabilitation of victims of political repression.

Foreign policy. The concept of new political thinking. Normalization of relations with the West. The beginning of nuclear disarmament. Unblocking regional conflicts. Withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, countries of Eastern Europe. The collapse of the world socialist system. Dissolution of the CMEA and the Warsaw Pact. Results and consequences of the policy of new thinking.

ChapterIX . New Russia 1991-2012

The Russian Federation at the beginning of the 21st century: the revival and development of statehood, the economy, science and culture, the spiritual values of Russian society. The Russian Federation in the global processes of modernity.

Knowledge about the past of our country in modern social and political processes.

Transition to the market. Radical Economic Reform Program (October 1991). Price liberalization. Privatization. A sharp drop in the standard of living of the population. The financial crisis of August 17, 1998 and its aftermath. Science, culture, education in market conditions. Reasons for the failure of economic reforms.

Development of the political system. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia June 12, 1990. Elections of the President of Russia June 12, 1991 BN Yeltsin. The political crisis of September - October 1993. Dismantling the Soviet system of power. Russian Constitution 1993. National Policy. Chechen War Results of the country's political development in the 1990s.

Foreign policy. Course towards allied relations with the West. Continued nuclear disarmament. Relations between Russia and NATO. The Balkan crisis of 1999 and its consequences for East-West relations. Russia's relations with the CIS countries.

Final summary. The main results and lessons of Russia's development in the 20th century

recent historyXX century

Introduction. The world at the beginningXX century.

ChapterI . Recent history. First halfXX century.

World at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries. The main features of Western industrial civilization at the beginning of the 20th century. Changes in life compared to the 19th century. Economic processes in Europe and the USA. Political ideas and political system of Western countries. A political map of the World.

World War I and its aftermath.

International relations at the beginning of the 20th century: the path to a world war. Background and causes of the First World War. The beginning of the war. Military plans of the parties. The main fronts and the course of hostilities in 1914-1915. Attitudes towards war in warring countries. The main fronts and the course of hostilities in 1916-1917. The last years of the war. Growing anti-war sentiment. Exacerbation of social contradictions. Military operations in 1918. The search for peace. The defeat of the countries of the quadruple alliance.

Europe after the First World War. Versailles system and the beginning of a new era. Results of the war. Armistice terms with Germany and her allies. "14 points" by W. Wilson. Contradictions between the victorious countries over the principles of post-war settlement. Treaty of Versailles and its consequences.

From new revolutions to stabilization in Europe. Revolutions in Germany, Hungary. Influence on the revolutionary processes of the October Revolution in Russia. The emergence of authoritarian regimes in Europe. The problem of German reparations, the international isolation of the USSR. Washington Conference. Economy and society in an era of prosperity

World economic crisis and its consequences.

The economic crisis in the USA. Manifestation of crisis phenomena in different countries of the world. Causes of the crisis in the United States. Beginning of the New Deal. Key events of the New Deal. State in the life of society.

totalitarian and democratic regimes. Fascism Economic and political crisis in Germany. Origins of Nazism. The rise to power of the Nazis. A. Hitler. Nazi ideology. Internal politics of the Nazis. militarization of the country. Aggressive foreign policy of Nazi Germany. The Nazis and the Spiritual Life of Germany. Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in other European countries: Italy, Spain, Hungary and others. The reasons for their occurrence and the mass base in the 20-30s.

Countries of Asia and Africa, Latin America between the two wars.

International relations in the interwar period. The crisis of the Versailles-Washington system. The beginning of the aggression of the fascist states in Europe. Reasons for the fragility of the Versailles-Washington system. Japanese aggression in the Far East and Italy in Africa. Violation of the German balance of power in Europe. Creation of a bloc of fascist states. Munich Agreement 1938. The policy of "appeasement" of the aggressors. Captures of fascist Germany and Italy in Europe. The Soviet-German non-aggression pact and its consequences.

Culture and art of the first half of the XX century.

The Second World War.

Beginning of World War II. Causes and nature of the Second World War. Periodization of military operations. German attack on Poland. "Strange War" on the Western Front. Military operations in Europe in 1940.

Causes of the rapid defeat of European states. "Battle for England". Military operations in the Balkans and North Africa in 1940 - the first half of 1941. Plan Barbarossa. The conclusion of the Triple Alliance.

New stage of the Second World War. A turning point in the course of the war. German attack on the USSR. Deployment of the war in the Pacific. Military operations in North Africa. A radical turning point in hostilities on the Soviet-German front. The collapse of the B. Mussolini regime. Formation of the anti-Hitler coalition. The problem of opening a second front. Significance of the decisions of the Tehran and Yalta conferences.

The final stage of the war. Nazi "new order" in the occupied territories. Resistance movement. The course of hostilities in 1944. Opening of a second front in Europe. Berlin operation of the Soviet troops and the surrender of Germany. Decisions of the Potsdam Conference. The end of the war in the Far East. Nuclear bombing of Japanese cities. Entry into the war against Japan of the USSR. The expulsion of the Japanese invaders from China, Korea and Vietnam. Japanese surrender. End of World War II. The price of victory over fascism.

ChapterII . Recent history. Second halfXX century.

European and North American countries after World War II.

New system of international relations. local conflicts.

Post-war peace settlement. Political results of the war. Creation of the UN. Punishment of war criminals. Establishment of pro-Soviet regimes in the countries of Eastern Europe and Asia. The inclusion of the countries of Western Europe in the US orbit of influence. The creation of military-political blocs and the strengthening of the Cold War. Arms race. Decolonization. Berlin crisis of 1961. Caribbean crisis of 1962 and its resolution. The transformation of China into the most important subject of international politics.

The beginning of the process of detente of international tension. Germany's New Ostpolitik. Soviet-American agreements on the limitation of strategic arms and their significance. The crisis of detente policy in the late 70s. regional conflicts. The war in Afghanistan and the decline in the authority of the USSR.

Scientific and technical progress. The transition from an industrial society to a post-industrial one. Western countries in the second half of the XX century. Post-war changes in the economy and politics of Western countries. Formation of economic policy within the framework of the concept of "welfare state". "Consumer society". Scientific and technological revolution. The transformation of the United States into a superpower and leader of the world West.

The economic crisis of the early 70s and its impact on the domestic and foreign policy of Western countries. The crisis of the welfare state model. Ideology of neoliberalism. Restoration of positions of conservatism and conservative parties. Neoconservative model of economic development. Formation of a single economic space in Europe.

Way of life in the West. The influence of the economy and political processes on it. Democracy Development: Achievements and Contradictions. The problem of human rights.

American version of Western civilization. American Democracy: Achievements and Failures. "Cold War" and the anti-communist campaign. Problems of civil rights of the non-white population. American version of the welfare state. J. J. Kennedy and L. B. Johnson. Features of American neoconservatism. R. Reagan. The end of the Cold War and US domestic politics.

"Welfare State". Great Britain: the British version of the "welfare state". Socio-economic policy of the government M.Teetcher. Rise of New Labor. The government of T. Blair.

France. The crisis of the political institutions of the Fourth Republic (1946-1958). The political system of the Fifth Republic. Charles de Gaulle. The policy of economic modernization in the 60s. May 1968 events. France in the 80s and 90s. Presidency of F. Mitterrand. Politics of J. Chirac.

Germany. The split of Germany. K. Adenauer. German "economic miracle". L. Erhard, V. Brand. G. Kohl. Socio-economic problems of the unification of Germany.

Italy. The political situation in the country after the liberation from fascism.

Japan and Asian "dragons". Revival of the Japanese economy. The impact of scientific and technological revolution on the socio-economic development of Japan. Features of modernization in the countries of Southeast Asia.

Latin American countries. Latin American version of Western industrial civilization. Relations between the countries of the region and the United States. Integration processes in Latin America. Building socialism in Cuba.

Eastern European countries in the second half of the 20th century.

Features of the development of the countries of Eastern Europe: the dominance of the communist parties in the political, economic and spiritual spheres: the establishment of the principles of "barracks socialism"; orientation towards the USSR; hostile relations with the West. Establishment of communist regimes in Eastern European countries. Methods and means of building socialism. Crises in Eastern Europe.

The collapse of the world socialist system. The crisis of socialism and the revolution of the late 80s in the countries of Eastern Europe. General features of the economic and political crisis of the countries of "real socialism". Opposition movements in Eastern Europe. Revolutions of the late 80s in Eastern Europe. Democratic changes in public life. Economic and social policy in European countries.

Asian and African countries after the Second World War.

Eastern countries after World War II. The collapse of colonial empires.

East countries on the way of modernization. The search for ways to develop the liberated countries.

Socialism in Asia and Africa. China. countries of Indochina and North Korea.

Traditionalism and nationalism in Asia and Africa.

World at the end of the 20th century.

The resumption of the Soviet-American dialogue. The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. Normalization of Soviet-Chinese relations. Political changes in Europe after the revolutions in Eastern Europe and the collapse of the USSR. The collapse of the Eastern bloc. NATO expansion to the east.

Globalization. Global problems of the present. Development of a single world civilization. Processes of world economic and political integration. The role of the UN. The role of NATO. Ecological, demographic, ethnic and political problems of the modern world.

Science, culture, religion, life.

Conclusion. World at the end of the 20th century.

The results of the development of human civilization.

THEMATIC PLANNING

5th class

group training

70 lessons (2 hours per week)

No. p / p	Topic name (section)	Total hours	Verification work
	Introduction
	The life of primitive people.
	The Ancient East.
	Ancient Greece.
	Ancient Rome.

Individual training

THEMATIC PLANNING

6TH GRADE

group training e

70 lessons (2 hours per week)

No. p / p	Topic name (section)	Of these lessons	Testing
	History of the Middle Ages
	Introduction.
	The rise of medieval Europe.

	Arabs in the VI-XI centuries.
	Medieval city in Western and Central Europe

	Formation of centralized states in Western Europe. (XI-XV centuries)
	Germany and Italy in the XII-XV centuries.
	Slavic states and Byzantium in the XIV-XV centuries.
	Culture of Western Europe in the XI-XV centuries.
	The peoples of Asia, America and Africa in the Middle Ages.
	XVI century
	Introduction.
	Russia Ancient.
	Political fragmentation in Russia.
	Russia Moscow.

Individual training

35 lessons (0.5 hours per week)

No. p / p	Topic name (section)	Testing
	History of the Middle Ages
	The rise of medieval Europe.
	Byzantine Empire and the Slavs in the VI-XI centuries.
	Arabs in the VI-XI centuries.
	Medieval city in Western and Central Europe.
	Catholic Church in the XI-XIII centuries. Crusades.
	The formation of centralized states in Western Europe.
	History of Russia from ancient times to the endXVI century
	Russia Ancient.
	Political fragmentation in Russia.
	Russia Moscow.

THEMATIC PLANNING

7TH GRADE

group training

70 lessons (2 hours per week)

No. p / p	Topic name (section)	Of these lessons	verification
	New history 1500-1800
	Introduction.



	Traditional societies of the East. Beginning of European colonization.
	Repetitive and generalizing lesson on the topic "The World in the Early Modern Age"

	History of Russia XVI-XVII centuries
	Russia at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries.
	Russia in the 17th century.
	Russia under Peter I.
	Russia in 1725-1762
	Russia in 1762-1801

Individual training

35 lessons (0.5 hours per week)

No. p / p	Topic name (section)	Testing
	New history 1500-1800
	The world at the beginning of a new time. Great geographical discoveries. Renaissance. Reformation.
	Early bourgeois revolutions. International relationships. The struggle for supremacy in Europe and the colonies.
	Age of Enlightenment. Time for transformations.
	Traditional societies of the East. Beginning of European colonization.
	History of Russia in the 16th - 18th centuries
	Russia in the late 16th - 17th centuries.
	Russia under Peter I.
	Russia in the middle and second half of the 18th century.

THEMATIC PLANNING

8TH GRADE

group training

70 lessons (2 hours per week)

No. p / p	Topic name (section)	Of these lessons	Testing
	The formation of an industrial society.
	Building a new Europe.

	Two Americas.


	Repetition.
	History of Russia XIX century



	Final repetition.

Individual training

35 lessons (0.5 hours per week)

No. p / p	Topic name (section)	Testing
	New history 1800-1913.
	The formation of an industrial society.
	Building a new Europe.
	European countries at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries.
	Two Americas.
	Traditional Societies in the 19th Century: A New Stage of Colonialism.
	International relations in the late XIX - early XX century.
	History of Russia XIX century
	Russia in the first quarter of the 19th century
	Russia in the second quarter of the XIX century.
	Russia in the second half of the XIX century.

THEMATIC PLANNING

9 CLASS

Individual training

34 lessons (0.5 hours per week)

No. p / p	Topic name (section)
	Russia and the world at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries.
	Great Russian Revolution. 1917-1921
	The USSR and the World in the 1930s.
	The Second World War. Great Patriotic War 1941-1945
	World in the first post-war decades. USSR in 1945-1964
	USSR in 1965-1991
	World in the second half of the 20th century.
	Russia and the world in the late XX - early XXI century.

Portal for the student. Self-training

Explanatory note Status of the model curriculum

The Structure of a Sample History Program

General characteristics of an exemplary history program

MANDATORY MINIMUM MAINTENANCE BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS GRADUATE TRAINING

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS GRADUATE TRAINING

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MANDATORY MINIMUM MAINTENANCE
BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING