9. The role of public organizations in solving the problem of drug addiction: Proceedings of the international practical conference. - Kostroma: "Avantitul", 2005. - 64 p.
10. Russian non-profit organizations: the best practical experience / comp. M.A. Slobodskaya. - M.: Institute of problems of civil society, 1998. - Issue. one.
11. Russian charitable foundation "No to alcoholism and drug addiction" (RBF NAS). - Access mode: http://www.nan.ru
12. Foundation "City without drugs". - Access mode: http://stopcadr.net
13. Fund "Salvation". - Access mode: http://spasenie74.ru/mission/.
14. Foundation "Country without drugs". - Access mode: http://www.fondsbn.ru
Lavskaya Natalya Sergeevna
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Moscow State Pedagogical University
FEATURES OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE TEACHER-DEFECTOLOGIST
The article presents the specifics of the activity of a teacher-defectologist, the features of the social competence of a teacher-defectologist are determined, taking into account the specifics of his professional activity.
Key words: social competence, professional activity, professional competence.
The professional competence of a teacher-defectologist affects all areas of his pedagogical activity, the content of which is largely determined by the nature of interaction with all participants in the correctional educational process. In modern conditions, full-fledged assistance in the development and education of a child with special needs is possible only in a broad sociocultural and interpersonal context, therefore, a teacher-defectologist should involve both various social partners and many narrowly focused specialists in the educational and educational process. The success of the correctional and developmental impact is directly related to the ability of the teacher-defectologist to build positive relationships with parents, children and colleagues in the form of active interaction, and the latter is due, among other things, to the degree of formation of the defectologist's social competence.
The teacher-defectologist, along with directly pedagogical activity, is called upon to implement the following functions:
1. Diagnostic (the ability to see a variety of disorders of the mental and physical health of the child; to adequately select and use psychodiagnostic methods; to diagnose the level of mental development of the child; the ability, based on the results obtained, to draw up a pedagogical conclusion and develop a route of correctional and pedagogical work; the ability to choose and use effective correctional-developing technologies).
2. Prognostic (the ability to observe the mental development of the child, the skills to predict the mental development of the child; the ability to anticipate various difficulties in the process of educational, educational and correctional work with various children; the ability to predict the results of educational and correctional activities with a child with developmental disabilities).
3. Didactic functions (the ability to carry out propaedeutics, plan the educational process, use modern teaching technologies and correctional technologies, taking into account the psychophysical characteristics of each individual child; the ability to implement individual and differentiated approaches to a child with developmental disabilities).
4. Transformational functions (the ability of a teacher-defectologist to transform all components of the educational process based on the principle of corrective orientation; identifying inconsistencies and implementing the necessary transformation, adapting educational, speech, didactic and methodological material, methods and techniques, organizational forms of work, conditions education and upbringing).
5. Educational functions (the ability to diagnose the features of the social functioning of a child with a developmental disorder, the ability to set and solve educational tasks; mastering the methods of socialization of a child with a developmental disorder).
6. Organizational functions (the ability to rationally build educational and upbringing
© Lavskaya N.S., 2012
cess; maintain the necessary documentation; monitor results; build relationships between different professionals).
7. Advisory functions (ability to interact with the parents of a child with a developmental disorder, educators, teachers, narrowly focused specialists; adult learning skills).
In addition to the above areas of activity of a teacher-defectologist, social and communicative functions should be noted. Social activity involves the formation of skills to study and analyze the problems, conditions and opportunities for the social integration of children with developmental disorders; provide career guidance and counselling; carry out social activities in accordance with the real needs of children. Communicative activity includes the skills of a speech pathologist to build relationships with children with developmental disabilities, their parents, colleagues and other professionals involved in accompanying the child.
Thus, in general, the content of the activity of a defectologist teacher is to promote the mental and physical development of the child, correct and compensate for his deviations.
Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and our own practical experience, we present the professional competence of a teacher-defectologist as an integrative structural formation of his personality, manifested in the readiness and ability to implement such professional functions as the development of the personality of a child with developmental disabilities, his socialization, prevention and correction of mental health disorders and compensation for existing disorders in the child.
The professional competence of a teacher-defectologist, from our point of view, includes a number of components.
1. Subject competence - possession of the legal and regulatory framework for organizing the educational, educational and correctional development process, which is the basis for planning, organizing and monitoring the mental development of children with special needs.
2. Psychological and pedagogical competence - knowledge of the characteristics of the mental development of conditionally healthy children and children with developmental disorders; knowledge about the psychophysiological, psychological and pedagogical characteristics of children with various pathologies and psychophysiological, psychological and pedagogical characteristics of children with combined pathology; possession of modern neuropsychological methods; the ability to create a "healthy correctional and developmental environment"; own-
nee skills of pedagogical communication; the ability to collect and systematize the information necessary for children with special needs; the ability to conduct preventive and educational work with parents of children with special needs.
3. Scientific and methodological competence - knowledge of topical problems of defectology and the theoretical foundations of working with children of preschool, school age (typhlopedagogical, deaf-pedagogical, oligophrenopedagogical, speech therapy); knowledge of the concepts and technologies of correctional and developmental education and the ability to use them, taking into account the peculiarities of the psychophysical development of children with special needs; possession of the ability to select and systematize, clearly and logically present tasks and educational material, explain facts and phenomena in an accessible way, based primarily on the characteristics of the mental and physical health of children with special needs; the ability to choose methods of education, forms and methods of working with children with special needs, correctional-developing and health-saving technologies.
4. Personal competence - faith in the potential of the child, creativity, empathy, the ability to self-reflection, the level of personal maturity, social and moral responsibility.
5. Self-educational competence - professional and personal need for self-improvement, the desire to master new professional knowledge, the ability to work with professionally significant information.
6. Communicative competence - the ability for interpersonal communication and productive professional interaction.
7. Social competence - the ability to establish and develop contacts with parents, children, colleagues, highly specialized specialists, representatives of various organizations, the ability to participate in social work, adaptation to living conditions.
8. Deontological competence - the ability and willingness to implement normative professional behavior in the field of correctional and pedagogical activities with the help of a formed system of value motives, deontological knowledge, skills and professionally significant qualities.
The professional competence of a teacher-defectologist affects all areas of his pedagogical activity, the content of which is largely determined by the nature of interaction with all participants in the correctional educational process. In modern conditions, full-fledged assistance to the development and education of a child with special needs is possible only in a broad sociocultural and inter-
Bulletin of KSU im. ON THE. Nekrasov ♦ 2012, Volume 18
personal context, therefore, the teacher-defectologist should involve both various social partners and many narrowly focused specialists in the educational and educational process. The success of the corrective and developmental impact is directly related to
is associated with the abilities of the teacher-defectologist to build positive relationships with parents, children and colleagues in the form of active interaction, and the latter is due, among other things, to the degree of social competence formed by the defectologist.
Pedagogy. Psychology. Social work. Juvenology. Sociokinetics ♦ N° 3
“The lower the level of a child’s mental development, the higher the teacher’s education level should be,” wrote P. Schumann, a well-known German teacher and defectologist, at the beginning of the 20th century. Like ordinary children, a child with special educational needs has the right to receive qualified pedagogical assistance, which can only be provided by a specially trained teacher-defectologist. For successful pedagogical activity in the structure of special education, ordinary pedagogical training is absolutely not enough.
The professional activity of a teacher-defectologist goes beyond the traditional teaching activity, closely interacting and intertwining with various types of socio-pedagogical, rehabilitation, consultative-diagnostic, psychotherapeutic, proper correctional and other types of "non-teaching" activities, being directed towards one goal - to promote a person with limited opportunities for life in its social adaptation and integration by means of special education. The sphere of professional activity of a teacher-defectologist is such that he often has to be an initiator and an active participant in social actions of mercy, charity, protection of the rights of persons with disabilities.
The teacher-defectologist works in close connection with the medical staff, implementing a comprehensive medical and pedagogical approach to eliminating disorders in people with disabilities and correcting the pathology against a favorable background. Given the need to participate in correctional work with children with special needs of teachers, educators and parents, the teacher-defectologist pays great attention to working with the teaching staff of the school and parents to promote special knowledge.
The professional activity of a teacher-defectologist is one of those that are associated with occupational hazards that have a negative impact on health. In this regard, there are contraindications to this type of work for those who have deviations in the state of health and a significant discrepancy between the personal psychogram and the professional psychogram of the teacher-defectologist. The work of a teacher-defectologist makes high demands on the state of health of the organs of vision, hearing, nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems. Physical endurance, high resistance to infectious diseases, stable mental health are needed. Specialists and, of course, speech therapists, need to have correct speech and flawless pronunciation of sounds.
A teacher-defectologist is a person with a special mentality. The most important features of the professional character of a teacher-defectologist are kindness, responsibility, optimism, patience, empathy, energy, dedication to their work, loyalty to the vital interests of people with disabilities, respect and love for their pupils, professional honesty and decency. It is characterized by a humane assessment of a person in the modern world, including a person with disabilities.
There are few professions whose results would be equated with a miracle. When, as if by magic, the tragedy and hopelessness of a life prospect for a child and his family recede, when a child can live a normal childhood life - play and learn, communicate with parents and make friends with peers, perform on the school stage, make crafts and draw, prepare to be an adult a person who needs his country.
The professional activity of a teacher-defectologist is akin to the miracle about which it is written in the New Testament:
“They brought to Him a deaf, tongue-tied man and asked Him to lay His hand on him.
Jesus, taking him aside from the people, put his fingers in his ears and, spitting, touched his tongue;
And looking up at the sky, he sighed and said to him: "Effafa", that is, "open".
And immediately his hearing was opened, and the bonds of his tongue were loosed, and he began to speak clearly...
And they marveled exceedingly, and said: He does everything well:
And he makes the deaf to hear and the dumb to speak” (New Testament // From Mark, ch. 7; st. 32, 33, 34, 35, 37).
Control questions and tasks
1. What is the essence of education as a social phenomenon?
2. What is the role of education in society and its development?
3. Expand the meaning of the main functions of modern education.
4. Define the concept of "education".
5. What is the main link of the educational and pedagogical process, what are its pedagogical components and how is their interaction manifested?
6. What are the constitutional and legal provisions on education?
7. What is the specificity of understanding education as a system? Give a general description of the education system in modern Belarus.
8. What general and professional characteristics should a graduate of an educational institution have?
9. Make a "Memo to a novice teacher-defectologist": write 10 - 15 problems that make it difficult for a novice specialist to professional pedagogical activity. Then, on the A. Maslow scale of needs, evaluate which level each of the problems belongs to. What level is dominant? How do you explain this distribution?
10. Make a terminological dictionary on the topic of the lecture, try to give concise, clear, clear definitions of the concepts given in the lecture.
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Children are the flowers of life! It is with their children that the most cherished dreams of every parent are connected. And the first thing that parents should provide the child with is proper growth and development, therefore, if the slightest deviations are detected, one should immediately seek help from specialists.
Who is a defectologist?
There is a profession that combines medicine and defectology. A specialist in the field of defectology should become the best friend and adviser for special children and their parents.
A defectologist is a teacher specializing in classes with children who are lagging behind in physical or mental development.
What qualities should a pathologist have?
A defectologist is, first of all, a person who has received an appropriate education. The teacher should be able to diagnose the existing deviations in children and look for ways to compensate for them, as well as conduct a certain course of classes aimed at the development of a problem child. There should be no age barrier between the child and the specialist. The latter should be able to gain confidence in the younger generation and become a friend to the child.
Among which a teacher-defectologist should have, the following are distinguished:
- High level of intelligence. It is a necessity when mastering the profession of a defectologist. The teacher must have a competent and intelligible speech, he must have an excellent memory, be able to properly build and structure classes.
- Intuitive abilities. Intuition is needed to identify a technique that is suitable for a particular case.
- Observation and attentiveness. These two qualities will help to establish contact with the child, determine the specifics of his behavior and give a logical explanation for this.
- Sociability. The specialist must be able to find children and be sociable with them, always be able to talk the child and provoke a two-way dialogue.
- Emotional steadfastness and patience. A strong nervous system is the key to the effectiveness and productivity of a defectologist's classes with children with physical or mental disabilities. You need to understand that working as a defectologist is a difficult job.
- Responsiveness. A defectologist is the first person who should come to the aid of those in need, he should not be indifferent to other people's problems.
- Tact. The specialist must exercise maximum courtesy and caution in dealing with special children and their parents.
Defectological specialties
The science of defectology includes several main areas:
Profession of defectologist: goals and objectives
The goals set by the teacher-defectologist:
- Generate a desire to learn through motivation.
- Compensate for the lack of general knowledge, replenish the development of the speech apparatus, teach literacy, reading, modeling, and play.
Focusing on the goals, a specialist in working with special children solves the following tasks:
- Carries out corrective work regarding existing deviations in the development of students.
- Carries out a survey of children in order to identify the structure and severity of their inherent defects.
- Combines students with an identical psychophysical state into groups.
- Conducts classes (in a group or individually), which are aimed at correcting deviations in development and restoring functional features. Classes with problem children are based on the use of certain methods and techniques. The choice of one or another methodological program depends on the specifics of the students' deviations.
- Conducts consultations and children who are in his rehabilitation.
In addition, a children's defectologist should systematically improve their professional qualifications.
Functions of a teacher-defectologist
- Conducts a detailed examination of the child, on the basis of which he diagnoses his learning abilities. If developmental deviations are identified, work is organized to maximize the filling and restoration of developmental deficiencies.
- Conducts classes, the purpose of which is the development of basic mental processes (perception, attention, memory, thought processes, etc.).
- Develops communicative
- Develops a culminating activity for children of a certain age category. So, to compensate for the development of preschoolers, a defectologist in kindergarten focuses on playing activities, for schoolchildren - on reading, writing, etc.
The work of a defectologist: organizational principles
For diagnosing developmental disorders, their correction and recovery, an integrated approach is used, which is based on the principle of unity of diagnosis and correction. Diagnostic work is an integral part of a comprehensive study of the baby by a specialist. The environment during the examination should be supportive, friendly, without extraneous noise and third parties, the dialogue should be in a calm tone.
Analysis of developmental disorders is carried out using the etiopathogenetic approach. Each special child is affected by the central nervous system, the nature of such lesions is different, which leads to heterogeneous disorders in mental and physical development. Therefore, classes with a defectologist are differentiated. For each individual student or preschooler, a list of priority areas in correctional work is compiled.
When drawing up a lesson plan, it is necessary to take into account the age categories and characteristics of the individual character of children. The task that the specialist sets for the child should be extremely clear to him.
If a child needs the help of two or more specialists at the same time, there is an interdisciplinary interaction of doctors-teachers.
For each problematic little man, the teacher-defectologist carries out dynamic observation, based on the results of which it is possible to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of corrective work on certain methodological techniques.
In addition, a correlative analysis of the state of the formed educational knowledge, mental and physical development of the crumbs is systematically carried out.
Myths about the work of a defectologist
- Myth 1. For inexplicable reasons, people have an opinion that a defectologist specializes in working exclusively with children who have significant deviations in mental and physical functions. This is not true. He can help any child with academic problems. A defectologist is a wide-profile teacher who knows how to choose the right teaching method for a particular child.
- Myth 2. Classes with a specialist in the field of defectology will last forever. This is far from being the case, more precisely, it is not entirely true. If a teacher works with a student who has problems with academic performance and does not have mental and physical disabilities, then such classes are characterized by a clearly defined period. It comes when the teacher helps the child fill in the gaps in knowledge.
Speech therapist and defectologist: what are the main differences
The main differences between a defectologist and a speech therapist are as follows:
- The target audience. A defectologist works with special children who have certain deviations in mental and physical development, and a speech therapist works with absolutely developed children who have problems with speech and pronunciation.
- The purpose of the lessons. A defectologist in a school or kindergarten seeks to help the baby learn to express his thoughts, restore gaps in knowledge, and apply measures to correct mental development. The speech therapist works only on the development of the speech apparatus and speech correction.
- Restrictions in the age category of children. A defectology specialist can also conduct classes with very young children (starting from 1 year old), but you should not hurry with classes with a speech therapist until the child is three years old. In addition, an adult can also turn to a speech therapist.
- A defectologist is a wide-profile specialist, which a speech therapist cannot boast of, whose field of activity is much smaller.
Related professions
The profession of a defectologist is close, in its essence, to the profession of a teacher, psychologist, doctor, speech therapist, kindergarten teacher.
Notable defectologists
A considerable number of children of preschool and school age need special education. Prominent scientists of the Russian Federation devoted their works to numerous studies related to this problem. The golden fund of defectologists includes: V. M. Bekhterev (Russian neurologist, psychiatrist and psychologist, founder of a scientific school), A. N. Graborov (founder of the sensory culture education system), L. V. Zankov (domestic psychologist, defectologist and teacher, student of L. S. Vygosky), M. S. Pevzner (Russian scientist, psychiatrist, psychologist, defectologist and teacher), F. A. Rau, Zh. I. Shif, E. K. Gracheva (the first Russian teacher-defectologist), V. P. Kashchenko (head of the first sanatorium-school for special children), I. V. Malyarevsky, L. S. Vygotsky (experimental defectologist, researcher of defectology), M. F. Methodist), G. E. Sukhareva (author of the evolutionary biological concept G. M. Dulnev.
Thanks to the above scientists, special education in Russia received not only approval, but also proper development.
Thanks
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Who is a defectologist?
Defectologist is a specialist with professional training in such a field as defectology ( also called remedial pedagogy). It should be noted that a defectologist is not a doctor, but this specialty is at the intersection of medicine and pedagogy. Defectology deals with the developmental features of children with mental or physical disabilities. Also, this industry specializes in the development and implementation of the principles of education and training of such children. Accordingly, a defectologist is a specialist whose competence includes working with children with certain mental or physical disabilities. To work as a defectologist, it is necessary to obtain a higher pedagogical education with a specialization in defectology. During the training, future defectologists, in addition to pedagogical disciplines, receive training in psychology and some areas of medicine. A specialist with such an education can work in an institution as a teacher ( kindergartens, schools), and medical ( clinics, hospitals) profile. Defectologists can also be on the staff of various rehabilitation institutions, centers for social protection and psychological assistance.
Teacher-( teacher)-defectologist
A defectologist teacher is a specialist who is on the staff of an educational institution ( kindergarten, school) general or special profile. Such a teacher can work both with individual patients who have certain problems, and with all pupils or students ( for example, in specialized institutions for children with visual or hearing impairments).The main task of this specialist is to correct and compensate for the shortcomings that exist in the child. Correction means correcting a problem that disrupts the normal perception of the world around. Compensation is a compensation for an existing deficiency through the development of other, similar capabilities and skills in a baby.
This specialty combines many areas, since the principle of working with a child who has hearing problems is different from the approach to a child with mental disabilities. Today there are 4 main directions in defectology.
A defectologist may have one of the following specializations:
- Surdopedagogy. This specialist works with those children who suffer to some extent ( from minor problems to complete absence) hearing and / or speech from birth or due to past diseases, injuries. The deaf teacher teaches the child sign and tactile language, develops residual hearing and skills necessary for better adaptation to environmental conditions. During operations on the ears, the deaf teacher is engaged in the postoperative rehabilitation of the child.
- Tiflopedagogy. This specialist works with blind or visually impaired children. The task of the typhlopedagogue is to improve ( if possible) the residual function of vision, as well as the development of other skills that will help the child become a full-fledged person with an existing problem. In his work, the defectologist uses special technical devices, with the help of which manipulations are performed to correct vision.
- speech therapy. A speech therapist works with those patients who have problems in general with speech or with the pronunciation of specific sounds. Children with such problems as stuttering, speech delay, dyslexia fall under the competence of a speech therapist ( reading difficulties), dysarthria ( slurred speech), aphasia ( loss of speech due to brain damage). Defectologist corrects existing shortcomings ( if possible), and in the complete absence of speech in the patient stimulates its development. He works not only on the formulation of speech, but also teaches the patient to use intonation correctly, answer questions logically, and make correct sentences.
- Oligophrenopedagogy. A representative of this profession deals with children diagnosed with developmental delay, mental retardation ( mental retardation), autism ( mental disorder). He also works with patients who have not one but several mental, speech and/or hearing impairments. In addition, the oligophrenopedagogue provides assistance to children who do not suffer from any mental illness, but have difficulty adapting to the team. This correction specialist works on the development of intellectual skills ( if necessary), teaches the patient to express their emotions and desires ( especially important in cases where the patient has speech problems), helps to find a common language with peers.
The work of a defectologist with children
The nature of the defectologist's work with children largely depends on the direction in which he specializes. At the same time, there are general principles on which a correctional teacher relies in his practice, regardless of his specialization. So, a single goal for all defectologists is to motivate children to learn ( both under the general education program and separately with a defectologist). Many children with hearing, visual or intellectual disabilities lack the desire to learn ( for example, because of the clear difference between peer achievement and personal academic achievement). The task of the defectologist is to explain to the child the importance of learning and to do everything possible in order to stimulate interest and reduce the difficulties experienced by the baby.The teacher's work on correction begins with a survey of students in order to identify children with certain problems. Then the identification is carried out by appearance, by expression) defects and the subsequent grouping of children with similar disorders. Subsequently, the defectologist conducts both individual and group classes. The work is based on various modern methods, the choice of which depends on the type of deviations in students.
All work with children, which is carried out by a defectologist, can be divided into several stages, the sequence of which is determined by the specialist himself.
There are the following stages in the work of a defectologist with children:
- Acquaintance with the surrounding world. This stage is necessary in order for the child to form the most complete perception of the reality around him. Such classes broaden children's horizons, teach them to be attentive and take responsibility for their actions ( for example, if you don’t use an umbrella in the rain, you will get wet).
- Teaching mathematics. In such classes, children learn to distinguish the shapes and sizes of objects, their color, quantity and other characteristics. They compare and classify a variety of objects or events, establishing certain patterns, cause-and-effect relationships.
- sensorimotor development. The basic element of such activities are various games aimed at improving fine motor skills ( fingers). Children perform different actions with their hands ( draw, sculpt, design), repeat the exercises for the hands and fingers after the teacher. Much attention is paid to the implementation of various actions ( brushing teeth, combing), the purpose of which is to maintain personal hygiene.
- Game training. Often children with disabilities in mental development do not have the skills of a team or any other game. In such classes, the defectologist organizes a variety of games, explaining to the children their rules and principles. Learning to play helps the child learn about the world around him and find a common language with his peers.
Of great importance in the professional activities of this specialist is counseling parents. The help of a defectologist is aimed at teaching adults how to create and maintain a healthy intra-family atmosphere. Often a defectologist conducts classes to which not only children, but also their parents are invited.
What is the difference between a defectologist and a speech therapist?
The difference between a speech therapist and a defectologist who specializes in working with children with speech defects lies in the target audience and the goals of the classes. So, if children without deviations in mental or physical development are sent to a speech therapist, then a defectologist works with patients who have certain disorders. The work of an ordinary speech therapist is to eliminate existing speech disorders ( incorrect pronunciation of sounds, words). The goal of the defectologist-speech therapist is to teach the child to express his thoughts and restore gaps in knowledge that provoke difficulties in communication. The following example clearly explains the difference between these specialists. So, a speech therapist's patient may be a child who incorrectly pronounces the word "box" due to the incorrect pronunciation of the sound r. A child is sent to a defectologist-speech therapist, who not only cannot pronounce, but also uses the word “box” inappropriately because he does not know its meaning.Defectologist
As mentioned above, a defectologist is not a doctor, since he does not have a medical education. At the same time, such a specialist can work on the staff of a polyclinic, hospital or other medical institution, most often for children. The reason for visiting a defectologist may be suspicions of deviations in the mental or physical development of the child. This specialist will conduct a diagnostic test that will confirm or refute the assumption that the child is lagging behind.Diagnostics ( analyzes) defectologist
The defectologist does not conduct or prescribe any laboratory tests ( type of blood or urine test). This specialist uses a diagnostic test that allows you to assess the level of development of the child as a whole, as well as his individual skills. To do this, the defectologist asks questions, asks to perform some actions, and also evaluates the appearance of the child. Sometimes he specifically makes positive or negative remarks in order to gauge the child's reaction to negativity or approval. Circumstances can also be artificially modeled to determine the child's attitude and behavior in difficult, atypical situations. For a more complete assessment, parents can be interviewed, as well as documents showing the child's progress at school or a preschool institution can be used. In some cases, a diagnostic card can be used, which is previously developed by a defectologist. The diagnostic card of a defectologist contains the following headings:
- information about the child and parents ( age, last name / first name / patronymic and other information);
- diseases of parents and close relatives, including those that are inherited;
- birth data ( what pregnancy is in a row, were there any complications during the bearing or birth of a child, at what time was the baby born);
- information about early development ( when the child began to independently hold his head, sit, walk);
- How did language skills develop? when the first babble appeared, the first words, the first phrases);
- illnesses and serious conditions transferred by the child;
- whether the baby was engaged with other specialists, and what were the results;
- whether the child expresses interest in the game, in learning.
Reference ( conclusion) defectologist
The conclusion of a defectologist is a documented verdict that this specialist makes after examining the child. It should be clarified that the defectologist does not make a conclusion about the presence of any specific mental or physical abnormalities, but only provides an assessment of certain skills of the child. In other words, this specialist does not make a diagnosis, but only describes the condition of the baby.The nature of the data that is indicated in the defectologist's certificate depends on the age and problem of the child. But there are also general characteristics that are indicated in all the conclusions that a defectologist makes.
The defectologist's certificate contains the following information about the child:
- how the child provides information about himself ( quickly or after several requests, in expanded form or says only the name);
- the ability to make visual, tactile, verbal contact ( how quickly and naturally the child contacts with the environment, whether he is interested in this);
- the nature of the general activity of the child ( whether there is motivation, stability and desire to engage in any type of activity for a long time);
- Is the approach to gaming activity, to toys adequate ( does the child use toys for their intended purpose, does he understand the rules of the simplest games, is he interested in such activities);
- how the child reacts to approval, praise, remark, own failures;
- assessment of such children's qualities as attention, visual perception, memory, thinking;
- does the child understand pictures / expressions with a hidden meaning, does it reveal meaningless / ridiculous plots;
- how developed and coordinated is the motor activity of his hands;
- how coordinated is the child's gait, movements of the whole body;
- Are the learning skills appropriate? writing, reading a) program requirements and age;
- whether the child distinguishes objects according to their color, size and other characteristics;
- whether he is oriented in space and time.
Essay "Professional activities of a defectologist specialist"
“To be a good teacher, you need to love what you teach,and love those you teach." V.O.Klyuchevsky
We live in the modern world. There are many different objects around us, various events take place, adults and children live. We think about the world around us, or, as they say, "we think."
We use words to think and communicate our thoughts to others. Words can be spoken and written, but children with disabilities experience significant difficulties in psychophysical development, and therefore in the ability to cognize this world, express their thoughts, objectify them in a word and talk about it.
Therefore, the task of the teacher-defectologist is to help students overcome these difficulties with the help of various correctional and developmental techniques.
The defectologist must maintain professional and friendly relations with the team. After all, his work also consists in interaction with other specialists of the institution: educators, a speech therapist, a psychologist, since only comprehensive and systematic work with children will help correct developmental deviations and teach a lot.
Also, professional activity includes the relationship with the parents of "special" children. This side of the activity is sometimes more difficult than working with the children themselves. Many parents are not fully aware of the peculiarities of the development of their own child, they do not understand very well what the specifics of the work of a defectologist are. And a teacher who owns a wide range of different didactic techniques, technologies, methods, can work with different categories of children. A defectologist is a specialist trained in a special way to realize the essence of the program material.
He must build his work with parents on a position of cooperation, which helps to fully include parents in the correctional and pedagogical process. To help parents understand that not only the defectologist and the teaching staff of the institution, but also the parents themselves should take an active part in the development of the child. The task of the defectologist is to correctly convey the necessary information to them, involve them in active interaction with the child and teachers, give appropriate recommendations that will help to properly communicate and support the child.
The importance of the profession of a teacher-defectologist?
This profession is extraordinary, like an endless childhood, and sometimes even magic. After all, a defectologist is able to help "special" children. He knows how to present the program material, based on the characteristics of the child, on the extent to which certain cognitive processes are developed in him.
Due to poor ecology, unfavorable hereditary factors, various serious infectious and chronic diseases, bad habits and other factors, more and more often children are born with certain developmental problems. The number of such children, unfortunately, is constantly growing, so the profession of a defectologist in the modern world is very relevant and in demand.
The greatest advantage of this work is its special significance for children with disabilities.
Helping families with a child with special educational opportunities is invaluable. And the main reward for a teacher is moral satisfaction from the work done and a positive result in the development of children.
Yes, there are many difficulties in the profession of a defectologist, but despite this, one can realize one's creative potential in it, get a boost of energy to move forward.
A teacher-defectologist is a vocation, it is an unceasing teaching, a way of life and a good goal!
Defectologist teacher!
What's special about that?!
Everyone will know about him
when trouble comes to the house...
Taking from the hands of parents
"Flower", wounded and fragile,
He will quickly remember all the sciences
And about universal love!
He is not alone, his colleagues
The shoulder will be substituted, encouraged
And a kind word, and advice,
They will do a good deed!
A modern educational institution needs a modern teacher - this is the requirement of the time.
The Russian education system is undergoing a number of changes, expressed in the use of new programs and manuals, changes in the content of education and the ways in which pupils acquire knowledge. Modern equipment and innovative technologies are part of the new educational institution.
The processes of modernization of Russian education that have taken place in recent years are significantly changing the ideology and priorities not only in general education, but also in the education of children with developmental problems.
However, the main role still belongs to the teacher. Accordingly, continuous self-education and self-improvement is part of the activity of a teacher-defectologist.
“The lower the level of mental development of the child, the higher should be the level of education of the teacher,” wrote in the early twentieth century. famous German teacher-defectologist P. Schumann.
Teaching children, learn yourself! Only love for one's profession helps to overcome difficult steps in the world of teaching. The profession of a defectologist is a constant knowledge of the new and daily creativity.
My understanding of the teacher's mission in the modern world
The personality of the teacher is the main condition and means of the success of the pedagogical process.
Teachers create the future. The success of our country and the world depends on how they work. The prestige of a teacher is made up of his general culture and professional competence, which must be constantly nurtured. First of all, the teacher himself should improve. Increasing the flow of information, the use of new technologies - all these are the realities of today. The pedagogical philosophy of a defectologist is to teach children to believe in themselves, understand and respect others, and this can only be achieved through the co-creation of the teacher and the child.
Like ordinary children, a child with special educational needs has the right to receive qualified pedagogical assistance, which can only be provided by a specially trained teacher-defectologist. For successful pedagogical activity in the structure of special education, ordinary pedagogical training is absolutely not enough.
The professional activity of a teacher-defectologist goes beyond the traditional teaching activities, closely interacting and intertwining with various types of socio-pedagogical, rehabilitation, consultative-diagnostic, psychotherapeutic, corrective and other types of "non-teaching" activities, being directed towards one goal - to promote a person with limited opportunities for life in its social adaptation and integration by means of special education.
A teacher-defectologist is a person with a special mentality, active, enterprising, energetic, confident in the successful result of his professional activity, friendly and tactful. It is characterized by a humane assessment of the role of a person in the modern world, including a person with disabilities.
In the modern education of children with developmental problems, the teacher-defectologist performs a special mission, in which two interconnected components can be distinguished: humanistic and social.
The humanistic component involves the provision of qualified assistance to children with developmental problems, the disclosure and realization of their capabilities.
The social component is associated with ensuring the preparation of a child with disabilities for life in society, which is associated with an impact on the public consciousness of people in order to develop a tolerant attitude towards people with special abilities. This, in turn, develops the moral consciousness of modern society and makes it possible for successful socialization of children and adults with developmental problems.
The teacher-defectologist has a special mission and a huge responsibility for providing each child with a high quality of correctional and educational services, taking into account his individual needs.
