The daily routine of a student is the alternation of work and rest in a certain order. In the mode of a student, everything should be precisely distributed: the duration of training sessions at school and at home, walks, regular meals, sleep, alternation of work and rest. And this is not a random requirement. When a person observes the correct mode, conditioned reflexes are developed in him and each previous activity becomes a signal for the next one. This helps the body to easily and quickly switch from one state to another.

The state of health, physical and mental development, working capacity and academic performance at school depend on how well the student’s daily routine is organized.

A well-organized school day includes:

1. Proper alternation of work and rest.

2. Regular meals.

3. Sleep of a certain duration, with the exact time of getting up and going to bed.

4. A certain time for morning exercises and hygiene procedures.

5. Set time for doing homework.

6. A certain duration of rest with a maximum stay in the open air.

Forming the daily routine of a student, it is necessary to take into account the periods of physical development. There are specifics for different ages. At the age of 6-7 years, there is an increased sensitivity to adverse external factors and rapid fatigue during training. At primary school age, the processes of ossification and growth of the skeleton, the development of small muscles of the hand and the functional improvement of the nervous system continue. The age of 11-14 years is characterized by sharp hormonal changes and intensive growth. There is a rapid development of internal organs: the heart grows faster than the lumen of the vessels, and juvenile hypertension occurs. At the age of 15-18, puberty is completed, the predominance of general arousal and mental imbalance persists. A well-designed daily routine will help the child overcome difficulties, he will feel more confident knowing the sequence of actions.

Every day a student should begin with morning exercises, which is not without reason called exercises, as it drives away the remnants of drowsiness and, as it were, gives a charge of vivacity for the whole coming day. A set of morning exercises is best agreed with a physical education teacher or pediatrician. On the advice of the school doctor, exercises are included in gymnastics that correct posture disorders. It is desirable to include a load for the trunk, muscles of the arms, legs, abdominals and back, exercises for the flexibility of the spine and mobility of the hip joints.

Breakfast must be hot and quite dense, making up a quarter of the daily requirement of the child. Oatmeal or buckwheat porridge, tea and something sweet, such as curd cheese, are good for breakfast. Eating should take place in a quiet, calm and friendly environment. Do not allow children to read books and talk during meals. The second breakfast the child will receive at school.

After returning from school, the child should have lunch and be sure to rest. Afternoon rest will be about 1-1.5 hours, without reading books and watching TV. It is good if the child sleeps.

It is better to postpone the preparation of lessons until 15 - 16 hours of the day, corresponding to the physiological rhythm of the best assimilation of information.

A child can use one and a half to two hours of free time for hobby activities (reading, drawing, playing, watching television programs, etc.). At the same time, the child visits various sections: sports, music, drawing, swimming. Do not forget about outdoor walks. After dinner, it was time for a walk before bed.

Sleep is a very important factor in the daily routine of a student. During sleep, the activity of the physiological systems of the body decreases, and only the brain, while remaining active, continues to process the information received during the day. Sleep is considered hygienically complete if it has sufficient duration and depth for a given age. The student should sleep at least 9-10.5 hours. Sleep from 21.00 to 7.00 will be optimal. It is very important that the child always goes to bed and gets up at the same time, then both quick falling asleep and easy awakening will be ensured. Before going to bed, be sure to wash your face, brush your teeth, wash your feet and ventilate the room well.

School day routine

7.00 - Rise: morning exercises, water procedures, bed making, toilet

7.30 -7.50 - Morning breakfast

7.50 - 8.20 - Road to school or morning walk before school starts

8.30 - 12.30 - Classes at school

12.30 - 13.00 - The road from school or a walk after school

13.00 -13.30 - Lunch

13.30 - 14.30 - Afternoon rest or sleep

14.30 - 16.00 - Walk or play and outdoor sports

16.00 - 16.15 - Afternoon snack

16.15 - 17.30 - Homework preparation

17.30 - 19.00 - Outdoor walks

19.00 - 20.00 - Dinner and free activities (reading, music lessons, manual labor, helping the family, foreign language classes, etc.)

from 20.30 Getting ready for bed (hygienic measures - cleaning clothes; shoes, washing)

Students of both the first and second shifts must get up at 7 am and go to bed at 20:30 - 21:00, and older students at 22:00, at the latest - at 22:30.

Of course, you can change jobs based on the preferences and priorities of the child, the main thing is to keep the alternation of rest and work.

It is sometimes very difficult for elementary school students, especially first-graders, to adapt to the conditions of their new school life. Hence the poor progress, and confrontation with classmates, and the child's unwillingness to go to school / do homework, etc. And the main task of parents is to help the child cope with a difficult load for him. Faced with this problem, each parent is looking for their own ways to solve it. But when drawing up a competent daily routine for a primary school student from the first day of attending school, it would help to avoid most of these problems.

Why do you need a daily routine for a primary school student

You should not be dismissive of the organization of the working day, especially for children, starting from their school years. Compliance with a certain routine leads to the fact that the child’s forces are not wasted, they are distributed in a dosed manner and they are enough for all types of activities. At the same time, the vitality of the body increases, fatigue is minimized and strength is quickly restored.

Drawing up the correct daily regimen depends on the individual characteristics of the student: the state of health and the characteristics of a particular age. The main elements should be included in the schedule in a certain order:

as the child adheres to the daily routine, he will develop the habit of doing everything at a certain time, the body will turn on the internal clock and subsequently all actions will become a habit.

How to make the correct daily schedule for a student

Morning exercises: will invigorate the body, help to recharge with working capacity. The duration of charging depends on the health of the student, so this issue must be resolved on an individual basis.

Water procedures: include taking a shower after gymnastics, tempering dousing with water at contrasting temperatures, and morning hygiene procedures - washing and brushing your teeth. As for the hardening procedure, it is necessary to discuss this issue with a specialist, not to force events in order to avoid colds.

Sports activities: visiting game sports sections, swimming pool, outdoor games.

Food: meals must be organized in such a way that the child has a hearty and hot breakfast, a full lunch of hot dishes and vitamin salads, and a late dinner. Eating at the same time will ensure the smooth functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Doing homework: they need to be planned without postponing this process for the evening, when the child is already tired and there will be no efficiency from work. After a short rest, about an hour after lunch and a walk, you can start doing homework with renewed vigor. In this case, you need to take breaks for rest for a few minutes.

Completed homework gives the full right to take a walk, breathe fresh air. At least two hours can be allocated for games in the yard. This is the best time to give your brain a break by switching to a different activity and getting some fresh air before bed. The duration of sleep of a younger student should be 9-10 hours. The time of awakening and going to bed must be set at the same time, as this will accustom the body to quickly fall asleep and wake up.

The daily routine of the student by hours for the week

The daily routine, which includes the main regime moments:

Student actions	Time
Climb	06.30
Gymnastics, water procedures	06.30 — 07.00
Breakfast	07.00 — 07.30
Collection and road to school	07.30 — 07.50
Lessons at school	08.00 -12.00
Walk	12.00 -12.30
Dinner	12.30 -13.00
Walk	13.00 -14.00
Relaxation	14.00 -14.30
Completing Lessons	14.30 -16.00
Walk	16.00 -18.00
Dinner and free time	18.00 -21.00
Going to sleep	21.00

Table of the daily routine of a primary school student by the hour

Naturally, the schedule must be adjusted in accordance with what the student is doing in addition to classes (visiting sections, circles, etc.), but mandatory items must be present in it.

School day schedule on weekends

If a daily routine is introduced in the family, then it must be performed daily; there cannot be weekends and holidays for it. Naturally, on Saturday and Sunday it will be adjusted without going to school and doing homework. But it is not recommended to exclude the main points from it. It is possible to shift the time of getting up one hour later, replace the school period with a weekly joint family activity, and the hours allotted for classes can be replaced by going to the movies with friends. But all other points should remain unchanged.

The daily routine of schoolchildren studying in the second shift

There is a form of training that is very inconvenient for everyone - in the second shift. But this is an objective reason that schools cannot yet refuse due to workload. Accordingly, the daily routine of schoolchildren studying on the second shift will be different. It’s just that all the actions that are mentioned in the approximate schedule after lunch should be transferred to the first half of the day, observing their duration: that is, getting up at 7 in the morning, gymnastics, shower, breakfast, and then a walk, doing homework, lunch, studies, dinner, evening walk and sleep. Having got used to such a distribution of time, the student will not experience discomfort from training sessions in the 2nd shift.

When accustoming your child to a certain daily routine, it would be very appropriate for parents to become an example and take part in this process. Then the addiction will pass faster, and the rating of parental authority will increase significantly.

The benefits of having a regime are talked about all over the world. The correct daily routine allows you to correctly distribute the load and form biological rhythms. It is on this that the psychological development of the child depends.

The rational distribution of time, taking into account rest, makes the child more collected and disciplined. Such qualities are very important in modern life. In addition, this will avoid overwork and nervousness, which children are very susceptible to.

School life brings significant changes to the usual rhythm. Children who attended kindergarten are easier to adapt. However, they also need the right mode. What to consider when compiling the ideal daily routine?

1. School location. The farther the school is from home, the earlier you need to get up. The baby should have enough time to calmly get together and have breakfast;
2. Gymnastics. Simple physical exercises, which will take 10 minutes to complete, will help your child get into a working mood and drive away drowsiness. Psychologists advise doing exercises with the baby. Cheerful and cheerful music in combination with a well-ventilated room will help you get in great shape faster and recharge your energies for the whole day.
3. Breakfast. A healthy breakfast is required for both children and adults. However, do not force the baby to eat if he does not want to. Look for compromises and cook something that your child will eat with pleasure.
4. Morning walk. Try not to turn the trip to school into a run. A morning walk with calm steps will allow the baby to maintain a good mood. At this time, you can chat with your child and get some fresh air, so it’s worth leaving the house with a margin of time before the start of the lessons.
5. Afternoon rest. Studies show that many children are very tired after school. Difficulties with adaptation to the school process only exacerbate this indicator. After school, it is worth giving the baby the opportunity to relax and do pleasant things.
6. Day dream. Perfect to cope with fatigue will allow daytime sleep. If the baby is ready to sleep during the day, do not interfere with him. In the case of first-graders, daytime sleep, according to doctors, should become a mandatory procedure.
7. Active outdoor games. This is another way to recover from mental work.
8. A first-grader is recommended to eat every four hours. At the same time, they should sleep at least 10 hours a day. Even a slight lack of sleep negatively affects the health and well-being of the baby. A child aged 6-7 years old must go to bed no later than 9 pm.

What should be the daily routine of a student

When compiling an approximate daily routine for a student, it is worth considering the time for rest, completing tasks, playing games, etc. For each age category, the daily routine has its own characteristics.

The correct daily routine of a younger student

A lot depends on the rational distribution of the time of the younger student. Doctors recommend focusing on the following tips:

• Getting up at 7:00 - 7:30 is the most favorable time for awakening;
• Charging and hygiene procedures - 7:30-7:45. Charging will help the baby cheer up and tune in to the working rhythm;
• Breakfast 7:45-8:00. Breakfast helps to maintain high performance and health of the child. Violation of the time intervals between meals negatively affects the digestive system, as well as the baby's appetite;
• Stay at school 8:30 - 12:30. At this time, the baby should concentrate on the learning process;
• Walk in the fresh air 12:30 -13:00. After school, the child should rest and relieve mental stress. This is perfect for outdoor games. Walk time can be adjusted;
• Lunch 13:00-13:30;
• Daytime sleep 14:00-15:30. The recommended nap time is an hour and a half. Pediatricians around the world insist that sleep for the first grader should be a mandatory item in the daily routine;
• Outdoor games 15:30-16:30. During the day, the child should spend at least three hours in the fresh air;
• Afternoon snack 16:30-17:00;
• Self-study 17:00-18:00. After that, you can also go outside with the baby or visit the section that he likes;
• Dinner 19:00-19:30;
• Household duties 19:30-20:00. A first-grader should already be able to cope with his duties perfectly. He can tidy up the room, put away the toys and take care of the pet;
• Evening walk 20:00-20:30. Before going to bed, it is very useful to take an evening walk in a calm rhythm;
• Hygiene procedures 20:30-21:00;
• Night rest from 21:00.

The ideal daily routine for a senior student

The older student has many hobbies of his own. However, he does not need to sleep during the day. However, even such a child needs to recuperate after a difficult school day. For this, walks in the fresh air or visits to sports sections are recommended, which he can attend in the evening or immediately after school.

You also need to find time to do your homework. It is best to do homework before 20:00. After eight o'clock in the evening, a person's performance decreases significantly. Preparing for the future school day at this time is not only useless, but also harmful, since the memory and nervous system of the child is already overloaded.

It is worth noting that high school students spend a lot of time studying. This is due to admissions to higher educational institutions and serious workloads. Finding time to exercise is almost impossible. This is the main mistake. Lack of exercise leads to serious health problems. And the best rest is a change of activity, so try to provide your child with at least minimal physical activity.

Second shift student mode

It is much more difficult to organize a competent child’s regimen by the hour on the second shift. However, parents should try to help their child properly allocate time. Many people think that second shift allows the child to sleep longer, while shifting the time of night sleep. It is not right. The student must go to bed no later than 9 pm and get up no later than 7:30 am. Breakfast, lunch and dinner should take place at the same time as for students on the first shift. The main changes in the mode concern the time for preparation for lessons. It is best to do them in the morning.

Here is an example daily schedule:

• Rise, hygiene procedures, exercises, bed making - 7:00 - 7:30;
• Breakfast 7:30-7:45;
• Walk in the fresh air 8:00-8:30;
• Preparation for lessons 8:30 – 10:30;
• Second breakfast - 10:45;
• Free time and walk - 11:20 - 13:00;
• Lunch 13:00 - 13:30;
• Lessons at school 14:00-18:20;
• Street walk from 18:30-19:10;
• Dinner - 19:30;
• Free time until 20:15;
• Preparation for sleep and sleep - 20:00-20:30.

For a child on vacation

Holidays are the favorite time of any child, because now there is no need to go to school. However, this time the student must be organized correctly. It is recommended to maintain the time of sleep and wakefulness of the child. Plus, you need to spend your free time from classes as useful as possible. What is worth remembering when organizing a regimen for the summer?

First of all the baby should get enough sleep. It is not recommended to deviate from the usual time limits here.

Secondly The child's diet should be varied and balanced. During the summer holidays, children should gain as much strength as possible. Moreover, everything is there for this: fresh vegetables, fruits, berries.

Thirdly child health is a priority for parents. If there is no way to go to the sea, then it would be nice to spend more time outside the city in the fresh air.

Fourth summer is not the time to interrupt classes. We are not talking about the daily load in full. The child should continue to read books, watch educational programs, etc.

Video: a sample of a student's daily routine

This video will show you how to properly organize a child's daily routine and how important it is for his harmonious growth and development. After watching, you will learn how to allocate time for sleep, rest, study, food and walks, and you will also be able to personally evaluate the proposed daily routine, which is considered ideal for children depending on different age categories.

Moving from kindergarten to school, the child's daily routine changes dramatically and there is an additional mental load. To make this transition easy for the child, you need to clearly plan the hours of study and rest. The entire day of the younger student should be scheduled literally by the hour and minute, with obligatory breaks for a walk and free activities in the form of games. So the baby will be easier to get involved in the learning process and adapt to new conditions.

In order for the child's performance in school to be maximum, he needs to ensure proper rest and sleep. For a primary school child, it should be at least 11 hours a day. It is useful for supporting the child's immunity, so he is recommended to take a nap after school hours.

Morning gathering

It was easier for the child to get used to the new daily routine if all actions were clearly planned in time, and the parents would adhere to approximately the same daily routine day after day. Loads at school greatly affect the nervous system of a younger student. In order not to overload it even more and not start unnecessary disputes at home, try to make school fees as convenient and comfortable as possible for your son or daughter.

• Prepare your school uniform in the evening and always hang it in the same place.
• The collection of the necessary books and notebooks for classes should also be carried out in the evening.
• Be sure to do morning exercises with your child, this will help him wake up faster and recharge with strength and energy for the whole day.
• Eat breakfast right. Because this is the most important meal for a junior student, and it should be very nutritious and, what is more important, useful. For example, porridge with fruit, cheesecakes with cottage cheese or a sandwich with hard cheese will be the key to a successful day at school.

Rest and free time

Each school day of a student must necessarily contain time for rest, from 1 to 1.5 hours. This period is best spent in a calm environment. If the child agrees to daytime sleep, then this is ideal. Because the whole body needs to rest. If a daughter or son considers themselves to be old enough and do not want to sleep during the day, it is still better to provide a quiet pastime without gadgets, books and TV. To have time to rest the eyes and nervous system of a young student.

It is also very important for younger students to spend their free time outdoors. Moreover, both active sports games and calm walks in the park are useful. At this moment, the brain is saturated with oxygen and the young student is again ready to solve complex problems and mental stress.

Completing Lessons

Transitioning to a new daily routine, it is difficult for a child to readjust and get used to doing homework every day. A great idea would be a do-it-yourself schedule or a special ready-made table filled out by hand. You need to hang it in a conspicuous place so that your child can easily navigate on it. The home workplace of a young student also plays an important role. After all, the table and chair should be comfortable for the student and correspond to his height. Only in this case, it will be comfortable for him to do the lessons, and he will not get tired.

Preparing homework, as a rule, takes primary school students from 1 to 3 hours a day. During this period of time, they must have time to complete mathematical tasks, written tasks in the Russian language and learn oral subjects. But just before embarking on them, children need to properly take a break from school. This should take at least 2.5 hours.

For clarity, the usual daily routine of a primary school student, we present a table:

For 1st shift students

Climb	7.00
We wash and do exercises	7-7.30
Breakfast	7.30-7.50
Road to school	7.50-8.20
Lessons at school	8.30-12.30
Way home	12.30-13.00
Dinner	13-13.30
Daytime sleep or rest	13.30-15.00
Walk in the fresh air	15.00-16.00
afternoon tea	16.00-16.15
Doing homework	16.15-18.30
Dinner	18.30-19.00
Free time (games, reading, sections)	19.00- 20.30
Preparing for tomorrow's school day and for bed	20.30-21.00
Dream	from 21.00

For students 2 shifts

Climb	7.00
Charging, hygiene procedures	7.00-7.20
Breakfast	7.20-7.35
Doing homework	8.00-10.00
Free time (games or walk)	10.00-11.00
Lunch	11.00-11.30
Preparation for school	11.30-12.00
Dinner	12.00-12.30
Road to school	12.30 -13.00
School lessons	13.00-18.00
Way home	18.00-18.30
Dinner	18.30-19.00
Hobby classes (section, reading or preparing homework for tomorrow)	19.30-20.00
Walk or quiet games	20.00-21.00
Preparation for sleep	21.00-21.15
Dream	from 21.15

Second shift: getting used to the new routine

For some parents and their children, second-shift schooling becomes a real challenge. Since, according to all the rules of the correct daily routine, homework in this case should be done in the morning. But as practice shows, it is at this time that young students want to sleep longer, especially if their parents have already gone to work and no one controls the lessons.

In this case, you also need to adhere to the regime of changing work and rest, so that when you come from school, the child has time to be distracted from classes. But still, in the evening, you will also have to work a little on your homework and complete at least part of it. And which parents decide. Because it is most convenient for working moms and dads to solve more complex examples in the evening, and in the morning leave the easiest ones that the child can handle on their own. And for those who, for example, work on a free schedule and are at home in the morning, it is easier to learn all the lessons with the children at this time.

By teaching a schoolchild to manage his time and competently treat his daily routine, you instill in your child a sense of responsibility and punctuality, which will be very useful to him in the future.

School day routine

The daily routine of a student is a schedule of wakefulness and sleep, alternation of various activities and rest during the day.

The state of health, physical development, working capacity and academic performance at school depend on how well the student’s daily routine is organized.

Most of the day students are in the family. Therefore, parents should know the hygiene requirements for the daily routine of the student and, guided by them, help their children in the correct organization of the daily routine.

The child's organism needs certain conditions for its growth and development, since its life is in the closest connection with the environment, in unity with it. The connection of the organism with the external environment, its adaptation to the conditions of existence are established with the help of the nervous system, through the so-called reflexes, i.e., the response of the body's nervous system to external influences.

The external environment includes natural factors of nature, such as light, air, water, and social factors - housing, food, conditions at school and at home, rest.

Unfavorable changes in the external environment lead to diseases, lagging behind in physical development, and a decrease in the efficiency and academic performance of the student. Parents must properly organize the conditions in which the student prepares homework, rests, eats, sleeps so as to ensure the best implementation of this activity or rest.

The basis of a properly organized school day regimen is a certain rhythm, a strict alternation of individual elements of the regime. When performing in a certain sequence, at the same time, individual elements of the daily routine, complex connections are created in the central nervous system that facilitate the transition from one type of activity to another and their implementation with the least expenditure of energy. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly adhere to a certain time of getting up and going to bed, preparing homework, meals, that is, following a certain, established daily routine. All elements of the regime must be subordinated to this basic provision.

The daily routine of a schoolchild is built taking into account age-related characteristics and, above all, taking into account the age-related characteristics of the activity of the nervous system. As the student grows and develops, his nervous system improves, its endurance to greater stress increases, the body gets used to doing more work without fatigue. Therefore, the usual workload for schoolchildren of middle or senior school age is excessive, unbearable for younger schoolchildren.

This article deals with the daily routine for healthy schoolchildren. In children with poor health, infected with worms, with tuberculosis intoxication, patients with rheumatism, as well as in children recovering from infectious diseases such as measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, the body's endurance to the usual load is reduced and therefore the daily routine should be somewhat different. When organizing a student's daily routine, it is important to seek advice from a school or district doctor. The doctor, guided by the state of health of the student, will indicate the features of the regimen necessary for him.

A well-organized school day includes:

1. Proper alternation of work and rest.

2. Regular meals.

3. Sleep of a certain duration, with the exact time of getting up and going to bed.

4. A certain time for morning exercises and hygiene procedures.

5. Set time for doing homework.

6. A certain duration of rest with a maximum stay in the open air.

School day routine

7.00 - Waking up (waking up late will not give the child time to wake up well - drowsiness may persist for a long time)

7.00-7.30 - Morning exercises (it will help to make it easier to switch from sleep to wakefulness and energize), water procedures, bed making, toilet

7Morning breakfast

7Ride to school or morning walk before school starts

8School activities

12Coming from school or walking after school

13 Lunch (if for some reason you exclude hot breakfasts at school, then the child must go to lunch if he attends an extended day group)

13 Afternoon rest or sleep (modern child is difficult to put to sleep after dinner, but a quiet rest is necessary)

14Walking or playing and outdoor sports

16Snack

16Preparing homework

17Outdoor walks

19 Dinner and free activities (reading, music lessons, quiet games, manual labor, helping the family, foreign language classes, etc.)

20.30 - Getting ready for bed (hygienic measures - cleaning clothes; shoes, washing)

The child should sleep for about 10 hours. They must get up at 7 o'clock in the morning and go to bed at 20.30 - 21.00, and the elders - at 22.00, at the latest - at 22.30.

You can change jobs. based on your child's preferences and priorities, it's important to keep alternating between work and rest.

Each student's day should begin with morning exercises, which is not without reason called charging, as it drives away the remnants of drowsiness and, as it were, gives a charge of vivacity for the whole coming day. A set of morning exercises is best coordinated with a physical education teacher. On the advice of the school doctor, exercises are included in gymnastics that correct posture disorders.

Gymnastic exercises should be carried out in a well-ventilated room, in the warm season - with an open window or in the fresh air. The body, if possible, should be naked (it is necessary to practice in panties and slippers), so that the body simultaneously receives an air bath. Gymnastic exercises enhance the work of the heart and lungs, improve metabolism, and have a beneficial effect on the nervous system.

After gymnastics, water procedures are carried out in the form of rubdowns or douches. Water procedures should be started only after talking with the school doctor about the student's health status. The first wipes should be carried out with water at a temperature of 30-28 °, and every 2-3 days the water temperature should be reduced by 1 ° (not lower than 12-13 °), while the temperature in the room should not be lower than 15 °. Gradually, from rubdowns, you can go to douche. Water procedures with a gradual decrease in water temperature increase the body's resistance to sharp temperature fluctuations in the external environment. Consequently, the morning toilet, in addition to hygienic significance, has a hardening effect, improves health, and increases resistance to colds. The entire morning toilet should take no more than 30 minutes. Morning gymnastics followed by water procedures prepares the student's body for the working day.

The main activity of schoolchildren is their educational work at school and at home.. But for the comprehensive development of children it is also very important to accustom them to physical labor; work in the school workshop, in production, in the “Skilled Hands” circles, in the garden, in the garden, helping the mother with the housework. At the same time, children acquire not only labor skills, but also receive physical hardening, strengthen their health. Only the right combination of mental and physical labor contributes to the harmonious development of the student.

For schoolchildren of younger, middle and older age, based on the age characteristics of their central nervous system, a certain duration of school hours is established. It is necessary to take 1 1/2-2 hours for the preparation of home lessons in the daily routine for junior schoolchildren, 2-3 hours for middle classes, and 3-4 hours for senior classes.

With such a long duration of homework, as shown by special studies, children work attentively, with concentration all the time, and by the end of classes remain cheerful, cheerful; there are no noticeable signs of fatigue.

If the preparation of homework is delayed, then the educational material is poorly absorbed, children have to re-read the same thing over and over in order to understand the meaning, they make many mistakes in written work.

The increase in preparation time for homework often depends on the fact that many parents force their children to prepare homework as soon as they come home from school. In these cases, the student, after mental labor at school, without having time to rest, immediately receives a new load. As a result, he quickly gets tired, the speed of completing tasks decreases, memorization of new material worsens, and in order to prepare all the lessons well, a diligent student sits at them for many hours.

For example, the mother of a boy, Vova, believes that her son, who is in the 2nd grade of the first shift, should, after coming home from school, eat and do homework, and then go for a walk. Vova K., a very neat, diligent boy, on the advice of his mother, prepares assignments immediately upon arrival from school, but for some time now doing assignments has become a torment for him, he sits continuously for 3-4 hours, is nervous because learns the learning material. This affected both health and performance. The boy lost weight, turned pale, began to sleep badly, became absent-minded at school, and his academic performance declined.

It is not advisable to prepare lessons immediately upon arrival from school. To learn well the educational material, students must rest. There should be at least 2 1/2 hours of break between school hours and the start of preparing homework. Most of this break, students need to walk or play outdoors.

Students studying in the first shift can start preparing homework no earlier than from 16-17 hours. For students of the second shift, time should be allotted for preparing homework, starting from 8-8 1/2 hours in the morning; they should not be allowed to prepare their lessons in the evening after returning from school, as their work capacity decreases towards the end of the day.

When doing homework, as well as at school, every 45 minutes you should take a break for 10 minutes, during which you need to ventilate the room, get up, walk, do a few breathing exercises well.

Often, children spend a lot of time preparing homework because parents do not help them properly organize homework, do not create such conditions for this work that would allow them to concentrate and work without distraction. Students in many cases have to prepare assignments when the room is loudly talking, arguing, the radio is on. These extraneous external stimuli distract attention (which happens especially easily in children), slow down and disorganize the well-established activity of the body. As a result, not only the time for preparing lessons is lengthened, but the child’s fatigue also increases, and besides, he does not develop the skills of concentrated work, he learns to be distracted while working with extraneous matters. It also happens that parents, while preparing homework for a child, interrupt him, give small assignments: “put the kettle on”, “open “believe”, etc. This is unacceptable. It is necessary to create calm conditions for classes for the student and demand that he work with concentration and not sit up for lessons more than the allotted time.

Every student needs a certain a permanent place at a common or special table for doing homework, since in the same constant environment, attention is focused more quickly on the educational material, and, consequently, its assimilation is more successful. The workplace should be such that the student can freely settle down with his benefits. The dimensions of the table and chair should correspond to the height of the student, otherwise the muscles will quickly fatigue, the child cannot maintain the correct posture at the table while performing tasks. Prolonged sitting in the wrong position entails a curvature of the spine, the appearance of stoop, sunken chest, abnormal development of the chest organs. If a student has a special table for classes, then before the age of 14, the height of the table and chair should be changed in a timely manner. For students with a height of 120-129 cm, the height of the table should be 56 cm, and the height of the chair - 34 cm, for students with a height of 130-139 cm - the height of the table is 62 cm, the chair - 38 cm.

When a student works at a common table, the difference in the height of the table from the floor and the height of the chair from the floor should be no more than 27 cm and not less than 21 cm. To ensure this position for younger students, you can put one or two well-planned boards on the chair, and place a bench for support. Parents should monitor the student's seating position during homework preparation and free practice. The correct landing of the student provides normal visual perception, free breathing, normal blood circulation and contributes to the development of good posture. With the correct fit, 2/3 of the student's hips are placed on the seat of the chair, the legs are bent at right angles at the hip and knee joints and rest on the floor or bench, both forearms lie freely on the table, the shoulders are at the same level. Between the chest and the edge of the table there should be a distance equal to the width of the student’s palm, the distance from the eyes to the book or notebook should be at least 30-35 cm. If the height of the table and chair corresponds to the student’s body size, then by controlling the correct fit, you can easily teach children sit straight.

For the growth and development of the child's body, clean, fresh air is necessary. It is of great importance for increasing mental performance, improving brain function and maintaining vigor. Therefore, before classes, as well as during 10-minute breaks, you need to ventilate the room, and in the warm season you should practice with an open window or with an open window. Another important condition for classes is sufficient lighting of the workplace, both natural and artificial, since doing homework (reading, writing) is associated with a lot of eye strain. The light from the window or from the lamp should fall on the textbooks (notebooks) to the left of the sitting student so that the shadow from the hand does not fall. There should not be tall flowers and a solid curtain on the window, as this worsens the lighting of the workplace. When exercising in conditions of artificial lighting, the table must be additionally illuminated with a table lamp, placing it in front and on the left. The electric lamp should be 75 watts and covered with a lampshade to prevent light rays from entering the eyes.

The fulfillment of all the above conditions contributes to the preservation of high performance.

The success of homework preparation and the success of classes at school also depend on the timeliness of the completion of other elements of the regimen. So, an important element of the daily routine of a student is rest.

With prolonged intense mental work, the nerve cells of the brain get tired, depleted, in the working organs, the processes of decay of substances begin to prevail over their replenishment, therefore, efficiency decreases. To prevent this from happening, the body should be given timely rest. During rest, the processes of restoration of substances intensify in the tissues, the exchange shifts that have occurred are eliminated and proper working capacity is restored. Particularly important in mental work, which primarily involves the cells of the cerebral cortex, which have rapid fatigue, is the alternation of mental work with other types of activity.

It was proved to the largest Russian scientist that the best rest is not complete rest, but the so-called active rest, that is, a change from one type of activity to another. During mental work, excitation occurs in the working cells of the cerebral cortex; at the same time, other cells of the cerebral cortex are in a state of inhibition - they are resting. The transition to another type of activity, such as movement, causes excitation in previously idle cells, and in working cells, an inhibitory process arises and intensifies, during which the cells rest and recover.

One-sided mental sedentary work of schoolchildren does not create conditions for full-fledged physical development and health. The replacement of mental labor with physical labor, in which the entire body of the child or its parts are involved in movement, contributes to the rapid restoration of working capacity. The best outdoor activity for a student is outdoor activities, especially outdoors. Children's exposure to the open air is of great health significance. Fresh, clean air strengthens the student's body, improves metabolic processes, the activity of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs, and increases his resistance to infection. The best types of mobile activities that quickly dissipate fatigue and fatigue are movements chosen by the children themselves, performed by them with pleasure, joy, and emotional uplift. Such movements are outdoor games and sports entertainment (in the warm season - games with a ball, jump rope, gorodki, etc.; in winter - sledding, skating, skiing).

As experience shows, with the desire and perseverance of parents, in almost every yard in the winter it is possible to flood the skating rink, and in the summer to organize a playground for ball games.

Parents should encourage middle and older students to do sport in one of the sports sections at schools, houses of pioneers or at youth sports schools. These classes make the student strong, hardy and have a positive impact on his performance and academic performance.

For outdoor games, students of the first shift should be given time in the afternoon before the preparation of home lessons, and students of the second shift - after preparing home lessons before leaving for school. The total duration of stay in the open air, including the way to school and back, should be at least / 2 hours for younger students, for older students - at least 2 - 2 1/2 hours.

Outdoor games, outdoor sports more time should be devoted to weekends, combining them with walks out of town, into the forest, with excursions. Many parents incorrectly think that instead of playing outdoors, it is better for children to read fiction or do housework. They should be reminded of the old pedagogical rule: "The character of children is formed not so much in the classroom at the desk, but on the lawn, in outdoor games."

In the daily routine of the student, time should be set aside for free selected creative activity such as construction, drawing, modeling, music, reading fiction. For this during the day, for younger students it takes 1 - 1 1/2 hours, and for older students - 1 1/2 - 2 1/2 hours.

Every student should be involved in feasible housework. The younger ones can be entrusted with cleaning the room, watering the flowers, washing the dishes; for the elders - a walk with the kids, buying food, working in the garden, in the garden, etc.

Some parents do not involve their children at all in family service work and even in self-service (cleaning shoes, dresses, making the bed, sewing on collars, buttons, etc.). This is how they make a big mistake.

So, the mother of two schoolchildren, despite the fact that they are already in the 6th grade, believes that her children are still too small for housework. The mother cleans the apartment herself, goes for groceries, washes dishes, without involving children in this. Previously, children had a desire to do something for the house themselves, but a caring mother warned them in everything. And now, growing up, they make claims to their mother: why the clothes are not ironed so well, why the room is poorly cleaned. Children grew up selfish, people who do not know how to do anything. Such parents forget that work activity not only contributes to the correct upbringing of the child and disciplines him, it helps to improve his physical development and health. Every schoolchild should be taught to help the family and instill a love of work.

For proper growth and development of the child, sufficient calorie nutrition is necessary., full-fledged in the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and vitamins.

Much attention should be paid to the diet, regular meals at a strictly set time - after 3-4 hours (4-5 times a day). Those who always eat at a certain time develop a conditioned reflex for time, that is, when a certain hour approaches, an appetite appears, the release of digestive juices begins, which facilitates the digestion of food.

Disorderly eating leads to the fact that the necessary preparation of the gastrointestinal apparatus for these meals does not occur, nutrients are absorbed worse, and appetite is lost. The disordered eating of sweets and sugar especially spoils the appetite.

An example of a student can be used to illustrate. He did not have fixed hours for meals: on some days he dined immediately upon arrival from school, on other days, without having lunch, he ran out into the street with a piece of bread, then ran home for candy, then for cookies. His parents often gave him money to buy ice cream, which he ate right there on the street. Returning from such a walk, the boy not only forgot about lunch, but also refused to eat dinner. The boy's mother, trying to find the cause of her son's loss of appetite, went with him from one doctor to another, thinking that the boy was seriously ill. There was only one reason: irregular meals, disordered eating of sweets. In this case, it was enough for the mother to establish for the boy the exact time of meals, as the appetite was restored. Of great importance for the excitation of appetite is the environment in which the meal takes place. The sight of a table with neatly arranged plates and cutlery, the smell of deliciously cooked food excite the appetite, causing the so-called mental phase of separation of digestive juices.

It is necessary to teach the student to wash their hands before each meal, eat slowly, not talking, not reading while eating. Regular intake of high-grade food, subject to all hygiene rules, is the key to health.

The student's day should end with an evening dress and subsequent sleep.. No more than 30 minutes are allotted for the evening toilet. During this time, the student must put in order the school uniform and shoes. Then you need to wash, brush your teeth, wash your feet with water at room temperature.

By evening, after intense hours of wakefulness and the perception of many stimuli from the outside world, an inhibitory process occurs faster in the cerebral cortex, which easily spreads to other parts of the nervous system, causing sleep.

This inhibition is called protective, as it protects the nervous system from excessive work, from exhaustion. As already mentioned, the younger the child, the less his nervous system has less tolerance to external stimuli and the greater his need for sleep.

So, the total duration of sleep for 7-year-old schoolchildren should be 12 hours a day, for which it is better to take one hour for an afternoon nap. The duration of sleep for children 8-9 years old is 10 1/2-11 hours, for 10-11 years old - 10 hours, for 12-15 years old - 9 hours and for older students - 9 - 8 1/2 hours. Night sleep is a long rest, eliminating the fatigue that appears at the end of the day, and restoring the body's strength. In nerve cells, under the influence of the inhibitory process, recovery processes are intensified. Cells again acquire the ability to perceive stimuli from the external environment and give them an appropriate response. Lack of sleep adversely affects the nervous system of schoolchildren and leads to a decrease in working capacity.

The student should be taught to always go to bed at the same time and get up at the same time., then his nervous system is accustomed to a certain rhythm of work and rest. Then the student will easily and quickly fall asleep and easily and quickly wake up at a certain hour.

Students of both the first and second shifts must get up at 7 am and go to bed at 20:30 - 21:00, and older students at 22:00, at the latest - at 22:30.

The fullness of sleep is determined not only by its duration, but also by its depth. Sleep of sufficient duration, but not deep, with dreams, talking in a dream does not give complete rest. In order for the child’s sleep to be deep, it is necessary that before going to bed the student does not engage in noisy games, disputes, stories that cause strong feelings, as this interferes with quick falling asleep and violates the depth of sleep. Deep sleep is also prevented by external stimuli: conversations, light, etc.

The child should sleep in a separate bed, corresponding to the size of his body; this creates the opportunity to maintain the muscles of the body in a relaxed state throughout sleep.

One of the main conditions for maintaining the depth of children's sleep is sleep in a well-ventilated room at an air temperature of no higher than 16-18 °. It is even better to teach the student to sleep with the window open. In this case, the bed should be no closer than 2 m from the window so that the cold air does not fall on the child, or it is necessary to hang the window with gauze.

Compliance with all these conditions contributes to the full sleep of the child and the full restoration of his strength by the next working day.

When drawing up the daily routine of a student, parents can be guided by the schemes of the daily routine. On the basis of these daily regimen schemes, each student, with the help of his parents, can draw up his daily routine, post this schedule in a conspicuous place and strictly adhere to it. Schoolchildren need to be reminded of the words that said that you need to organize your studies, your day in such a way as to have time and study well and walk, and play, and do physical education.

An especially difficult and responsible time in the life of every student is the period of exams., therefore, during this period, the regime should be observed especially clearly. In no case should you increase the hours of classes due to sleep and walks, violate the diet, as this leads to fatigue and weakening of the nervous system and the whole organism. Unfortunately, very often during exams, schoolchildren, especially tenth graders, break the regimen and study for many hours in a row without rest and sleep, thinking that this will help them prepare better for exams. But they are wrong - a tired brain does not perceive and remember what is read, and it takes more time to master the same material, and the result is poor.

So, for example, on the eve of the exam, a girl, feeling that there was little time left for repeating the material covered, studied until 2 am. As a result of lack of sleep for several hours in the morning, her head hurt, the girl became very irritable, worried, although she managed to repeat all the material. During the exam, she could not remember what she knew well. After this incident, the schoolgirl made it a rule never to study late and to observe the regime of work and rest during the exams.

Parents should know and instill in their children that it is necessary to work seriously during the year, then the exams will not be difficult. And during the period of exams, parents should help their children organize their classes, ensure silence, proper nutrition, and timely sleep.