Ekaterina Shitova
Art therapy lesson "The power of creativity" (art therapy as a method of developing stress resistance in adolescence)
Currently, more and more people around the world are experiencing stress. This is due to the large emotional stress that occurs in different life situations. Stress experience different ages groups: children from preschool age, schoolchildren, students and older people.
One of the reasons stress in children - the expectation of punishment from their parents for various offenses and poor school performance.
Teenagers and youth is exposed stress for various reasons. It can be stressful conditions related to passing exams, relationship problems in the family, with peers, learning difficulties, etc. Personal characteristics such as low self-esteem, self-doubt, fear of failure, uncertainty about one's future are also reasons stress in adolescence.
Currently, in psychology, more and more attention is paid to various art therapy methods that serve to successfully overcome stressful situations and the formation of stress resistance.
From english « art therapy» translated as "treatment based on art classes(pictorial) creativity...". However, in practice art therapy is not always associated with treatment in the strict medical sense of the word. There are many application examples art therapy as a means mental harmonization and human development as a way to resolve social conflicts.
Almost everyone (regardless of their age, cultural experience and social status) can participate in art therapy work, which does not require him to have any abilities for visual activity or artistic skills. That's why art therapy practically has no restrictions in use.
Art therapy work in most cases causes teenagers positive emotions, helps to overcome apathy and lack of initiative, form more active lifestyle. Art therapy is an appeal to the inner personal, life experience.
Thanks to art therapy you can get rid of negative thoughts that block the ability of our body, get rid of the defiant emotional stress. As soon as negative emotions become available for directed visualization, it becomes possible to get rid of them by expressing them in a drawing, sculpture or collage.
Art therapy is a powerful tool for stressful situations and how to get out of them. With its help, a person releases his emotions and thereby relieves stress. One of the important resource states of a person is self-confidence. forces, which leads to calmness and concentration of thoughts when fulfilling life goals. At formation of stress resistance there is confidence in one's own resources, self-esteem increases and the inner harmony of a person is restored, which leads to satisfaction life and personal development.
Art therapy session« The power of creativity» .
The target audience: teenagers
Number of persons: 10-12 people.
Age:14-16 years old.
Target - the formation of stress resistance in adolescence, harmonization of personality development through the development of self-expression and self-knowledge abilities.
Plan lessons:
1. Preparatory exercise - "Color the picture" (20 minutes).
2. Basic exercises - "Expressing Concern", "Drawing with Both Hands" (45 min).
3. Final exercise - "My portrait in the sun" (15 minutes).
materials: album or paper for drawing; brushes, paints, colored pencils; CDs, tape recorder.
In the first exercise, participants lessons coloring pictures. This task is preparatory. The purpose of the preparatory exercise is: set up guys on occupation to create a favorable atmosphere for work.
Participants themselves choose the pictorial means who they want to work with. According to the chosen color scheme, one can judge the emotional state of a person at the moment. Drawings are most often abstract in nature, which contributes to the manifestation of fantasy.
Core exercises are the longest. They correspond to the goals and objectives lessons:
An exercise "Expressing Concern" :
Participants classes are invited to take a comfortable, relaxing posture;
find a sense of anxiety in yourself; find out where she is localized: in the abdomen, face, head, legs; take colored pencils; subdominant hand (not with the hand with which the participant is engaged in labor activity) let go of your anxiety and put it on paper.
An exercise "Drawing with Both Hands" .
Participants draw with both hands. This exercise allows you to activate both hands and both hemispheres of the brain, helps to get rid of unnecessary dreary, anxious thoughts, and calms the nerves.
The purpose of the final exercise is to complete lessons. It is usually short in time and easy to perform.
An exercise "My portrait in the sun" .
Participants draw the sun, in the center of the solar circle they write their name or draw their portrait. Then they draw rays and write their virtues along the rays, all the good that they know about themselves. It is necessary to try to have as many rays as possible.
Bibliographic list.
1. Kiseleva M. V. Art therapy in work with children: A guide for child psychologists, teachers, doctors and specialists working with children /M. V. Kiseleva. - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2007. - 160 p.
2. Kopytin A. I. Workshop on art therapy / A. I. Kopytin. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001. - 448s.
3. Kopytin A. I. Guide to group art therapy / A. I. Kopytin. - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2003. - 320s.
4. Loginova O. I. How to deal with stress? / O. I. Loginova // [Electronic resource] / Mode access: www.olga2901l.narod.ru
5. Marder L. D. Colored world. group art therapy work with children / L. D. Marder. - M.: Genesis, 2007. - 143 p.
6. Williams H. "Speaking" drawing, or how to know your deep "I"/ H. Williams. – M.: AST: Astrel, 2007. - 205 p.
Art therapy (art therapy) is a method of psychocorrection, which was first used in psychotherapy by A. Hill in 1938. Through simple, rather reminiscent of children's pranks, exercises, one can not only diagnose the state of mind of any person (both an adult and a child), but also successfully deal with many nervous disorders.
Art therapy - exercises for children - is:
- getting to know your inner self;
- the formation of an idea of oneself as a person;
- creating a positive self-image;
- learning to express their feelings and emotions;
- removal of psycho-emotional stress;
- , communication skills, and abilities for various types of creative activity.
So, by creating and fantasizing, you can sort out your emotional experiences, understand yourself and your inner world, or you can help your little one overcome shyness, become more sociable and open to communicate with people.
Everything you need to practice
The choice of consumables is limited only by the flight of your imagination
Consumables are selected by the psychotherapist depending on what tasks art therapy is designed to solve in each case. When choosing exercises, the age of patients is very important, as well as their mental and physical condition (injuries, genetic diseases, etc.).
- If you plan to draw during an art therapy session, then stock up on paper of different sizes or cardboard. Colored pencils, felt-tip pens, crayons, paints, charcoal - all this will help you express your feelings on canvas.
- To create a collage, you will need the same, plus scissors, glue and clippings from magazines and newspapers.
- You will sculpt - plasticine or clay to help you.
- And having decided to play music, do not get hung up on classical musical instruments. After all, anything can sound.
The choice of materials for exercises with elements of art therapy is limited only by your imagination. Use whatever you see fit. It can be photographs, natural materials, fabrics, accessories, cereals and much more.
For sessions, a bright, cozy room with large comfortable work surfaces is suitable. Quiet classical music will not be superfluous. It will help you relax, open up, tune in to creativity.
The psychotherapist during the exercises should act as a consultant regarding the creative process, materials and techniques, but in no case should he influence the creation of the work and its interpretation.
Everything you need for the "Clouds" exercise
Drawing with preschoolers
For children aged 3-4 years, art therapy helps to explore the world, study the properties of objects and substances, and develop fine motor skills.
Art therapy exercise "Imprints"
imprints
And for this exercise you will need watercolor paints. Dip the fingers of the crumbs alternately in different colors, and let him make prints on paper with them.
It turns out that with only one child's finger you can draw so many things.
A preschooler or a younger student can be offered, when the paint dries, to finish the prints with a pencil. What images can be created from them?
Guess what mood the little artist is in
self-portrait
Around the age of 3, the child begins to realize himself as a separate person. Already at this age, you can try to analyze his emotional state with the help of a self-portrait.
Ask the baby to draw himself as he sees himself. Developing the theme further, let the kid portray the members of his family. You can learn from such a drawing a lot about what place relatives occupy in the life of a child and how he relates to each of them.
Exercise "Self-portrait"
With children with Down syndrome
Art therapy exercises have proven themselves very well when working with children suffering from Down syndrome.
"Sunny" kids, at the first stages of development of their fine motor skills, use the movements of the shoulder and forearm. The following exercises can be used to help them develop palm, pinch, and pincer grips.
Grains for chicken
Show your child how to leave a dotted mark on a horizontal sheet of paper with a felt-tip pen or pencil. It's like you're scattering grains. Let the baby try to repeat your manipulations, holding the pencil correctly.
It's raining
Let the baby learn to draw vertical lines on a horizontal surface.
sunbeams
We complicate the task. We draw lines in different directions.
Art Therapy Helps Children with Down Syndrome Develop Proper Grip
Bunny jumping on the grass
The kid draws lines on a vertical surface from top to bottom and from bottom to top.
Winnie the Pooh is visiting
We draw horizontal tracks for Winnie the Pooh on a vertically located canvas.
We cook porridge for animals
With circular movements of the brush, draw scribbles on paper (on a horizontal and vertical surface), as if stirring porridge.
Footprints in the snow
Learning to draw with a brush using the priming method. In this case, the brush is flat.
Salute
We use the touch method for drawing, placing the brush vertically.
The tweezer grip is formed with the help of sculpting and appliqué. And also when stringing small beads on a thread and when pulling thin threads out of the fabric.
With older children, you can perform more complex exercises that allow you to diagnose their psycho-emotional state and correct it.
With teenagers
More complex exercises can already be used to develop imagination and creativity and to relieve tension and resolve internal conflicts in adolescents.
Flower
Have your child close their eyes and imagine a beautiful flower. What color is it, what size, how does it smell, where does it grow and what surrounds it, what is the mood of the flower and what are the problems? Why not write a story about this flower?
It is very important, if a teenager has made up a sad story, to try to find ways to cheer up the flower, to make his world more colorful and happy. Naturally, dressing the images that arise in the child's imagination in forms on canvas.
Exercise "Mask"
Mask
Let's say a masquerade ball will be held at school soon. And everyone will have to come there in masks. Why not make your own mask for the child.
And then you can play out a story that could happen with this mask at the ball.
Hero's Tale
What does it take to write a story? Just a pen and a blank sheet of paper. Where to begin? In any fairy tale there must be a hero or a heroine. Then it is logical to come up with a beginning.
Then the situation should be developed. Let the hero overcome obstacles, fight evil, defeat dragons, find new friends, fall in love, save, heal and, in the end, get everything he aspired to.
After writing a fairy tale, you can try to find the similarity of its hero with the author of the story and draw a parallel between them.
Exercise "Working with creative garbage"
With parents
Group work. Individual drawing
In groups
Art therapy can be done individually or in groups. Group exercises allow you to consider the problem from different points of view and find the best solution.
Man is a social being. And all the facets of his nature are best revealed in the process of communicating with his own kind.
This exercise is the best way to start classes in a newly created group. Each participant of which, using paper and colored pencils (paints, chalk, clay, charcoal), tries to symbolically depict his momentary state on canvas.
At the same time, the child does not have to be an artist at all. Draw colored lines and shapes, scribbles and blots, figures and images. At the end of the work, group members share their impressions of each drawing, without evaluating it in any way.
Drawing with a partner
Well reveals subtleties. Group members are divided into pairs. A large sheet of paper is placed on the table between the partners, and each, after carefully looking into the eyes of a partner, begins to draw - spontaneously, without hesitation.
Communicate using colors, lines, shapes. Try to find out something about your partner, share any associations and emotions that your partner's drawing causes in you.
When you finish drawing, you can share your impressions of the session, analyze what is happening and your feelings during joint creativity.
Its advantage is that all members of the group can take part in it at the same time. Start drawing on a sheet of paper (which each member of the group will receive, as well as colored pencils) something very important to yourself.
At the signal of the psychotherapist, pass your sheet to the participant on the left, and you yourself will receive from the participant on your right, his started drawing, and continue working on it. By adding some of my own touches and additions.
At the signal of the group leader, pass this drawing to the neighbor on the left, and you yourself will receive the next one from the neighbor on the right. And so - until you get back your own drawing, which has been in the hands of all members of the group and supplemented by each of them in accordance with their understanding and feelings.
Try to understand your feelings at the sight of this collective creation. Share them with other group members.
Art therapy is, first of all, the simplicity of self-expression, the opportunity to look into your inner world and make it brighter, more fun, more colorful.
Techniques and exercises of art therapy - a great variety. They enable the child to materialize his inner world and look at it from the outside. Develop motor skills, imagination, creativity.
Choose exercises, taking into account the age of the child and his psychological state. Don't try to influence the outcome. And you will soon see that art therapy can change a lot in the life of your beloved child and, accordingly, in yours ...
Video “Psychology on canvas. How it works?"
A cycle of art therapy classes
with children with moderate mental retardation.
Goals of the work:
Elimination of ineffective psychological stress;
Formation of a positive self-image and self-esteem.
Tasks:
Responding to current conditions;
Removal of emotional stress;
Correction of psychological defense mechanisms in the form of demonstrativeness, negativism, aggression;
Correction of anxiety, negative attitudes, social barriers;
Development of a sense of self-worth;
Formation of ways for children to effectively interact (the ability to negotiate, give in, make a contribution to the common cause, see the successes of others, evaluate their own merits);
Encouragement of positive forms of activity (creativity, initiative in solving problems, containment of negative reactions, etc.);
Acquaintance with the basic emotions of a person;
Developing the ability to control one's actions;
The development of the imagination.
Location: equipped room, convenient for group work.
Meeting frequency: 1 time per week.
Commentary for the presenter
In the process of art therapy, the actual need for recognition, positive attention, a sense of one's own success and significance is satisfied. Psychological energy is released, which is spent by the child on ineffective stress. The child begins to feel calm, relaxes. Psychological protection in the form of demonstrativeness, negativism, aggression gives way to initiative, creativity.
Through creativity, the guys get new information about themselves: “I am successful”, “I have abilities”, “I am recognized by others”, “my opinion is taken into account”, “I can cope with difficulties”.
Through interaction with children, the child changes his expectations from social relations: “I see the success of other children”, “it is easy for me to communicate with an adult”, “I am understood”, “I am helped, I am supported”.
The guys are not in a situation of control and do not train to use new ways of behavior. In place of defense mechanisms that have lost their relevance, activity comes due to new attitudes: “I enjoy creativity”, “I follow the rules, because breaking them will prevent me from enjoying my classes.”
THEME PLAN
Lesson number, working title | Materials and equipment |
Lesson #1 | |
Lesson #2 | Gouache, watercolor, brushes of different thicknesses, water; |
Lesson #3 | Gouache, watercolor, brushes of different thicknesses, water; |
Lesson number 4 | Gouache, watercolor, brushes of different thicknesses, water; |
Lesson number 5 | Gouache, watercolor, brushes of different thicknesses, water; |
Lesson number 6 | Gouache, watercolor, brushes of different thicknesses, water; |
Lesson number 7 | Lots and lots of newspapers; |
Lesson number 8 | Gouache, watercolor, brushes of different thicknesses, water; |
Lesson number 9 | Gouache, watercolor, brushes of different thicknesses, water; |
Lesson number 10 | Various visual means; |
DESCRIPTION OF WORK AND COMMENTS
Lesson number 1. "Drawing a mood"
1. Acquaintance
The first lesson sets the children up for subsequent meetings, introduces them to each other and to the rules for the existence of the group.
The guys are seated in a circle on the carpet (the seats are indicated in advance by pillows). An introduction ritual takes place. For this, any games for establishing contact, remembering names are suitable. For example, "Snowball", "Swap places", "Let's say hello with our knees (palms, etc.)".
2. Graphic task "Rays of the sun"
Leading. During our meetings we will draw a lot. But I will not teach you how in kindergarten (school). Just be yourself. Each of you is the sun. If you are in a joyful mood, joyful rays depart from you, if you are sad, sad ones. Let's draw the sun, the rays of which are sad, surprised, happy, angry.
This is the first task, it sets the children up for further visual activity, relieves tension from the unknown. From the center of the sheet to the edges, the guys apply sweeping strokes with colored pencils or crayons. The psychologist comments on the work of children. For example: “These rays were very much afraid of something - look how pale they are; these rays are probably angry, so they cross out their neighbors; these rays have a great mood - they are long, bright yellow.
Then, among the many pictograms of emotions (drawn on cut out circles with a diameter
5 cm) each child chooses those that depict his own. Despite the simplicity and straightforwardness, the task evokes an emotional response in children: they actively select cards, voice their choice, and act very directly at the same time. Pictograms are pasted on the "rays" in such a way that those related to one child form a group. In the future, the "sun" can be used as an illustration in conversations with parents.
3. Exercise in pairs "Portrait on the floor"
Leading. Have you ever painted a full length portrait of yourself? Maybe you just didn't have the right piece of paper? We will do without paper - we will draw with chalk on the floor!
Children are divided into pairs (with an odd number, an adult is included in the pair). Each child chooses the space of the floor on which he wants to draw himself. The first child of the couple lies down, the second traces his silhouette with chalk, then they change roles. When the contours are ready, it is proposed to decorate your own silhouette with any details (you can add a face, hair, clothes, decorate with drawings) so that the self-portrait gets a finished look.
As a rule, there is a child in the group who worries about the cleanliness of the floor, who is interested in who will clean and wash the room. This is due to certain personal characteristics (anxiety, fears). It should be explained that after the lesson, the chalk can be easily washed off with a wet cloth, and children do not have to do this.
With younger students, this exercise can be done using pieces of old wallpaper and markers. In this case, after the drawing is completed, self-portraits are attached with buttons to the wall. It is not recommended to draw self-portraits on wallpaper with preschoolers, as it will take much more time, cause fatigue, and interest in work may fade. This is due to the fact that when drawing with chalk, children make wider and stronger movements with their hands than when drawing with felt-tip pens, the strokes from the chalk are thicker, the graphics are less clear; the requirements for image quality with chalk are lower and, as a result, a stronger effect and more pleasure.
4. Diagnostic task "Colors of moods"
Leading. What is the person's mood like?
Each of you will try to decorate the silhouette of a person with those colors, those colors that can convey the mood. There are ready-made silhouettes(in the event that the children drew on the wallpaper), choose a brush, open gouache and start drawing.
While drawing, the psychologist draws the attention of children to the fact that everyone draws differently, since all people are different, each person is unique, different from others.
Children draw at different paces. The one who finishes earlier, and then the rest, is invited to choose a place in the room where he would like to hang his drawing. An adult helps to fix it.
5. Summary of the lesson
Everyone gathers on the carpet, the psychologist focuses on the success of the children (new drawings on the walls, portraits on the floor).
Can parents guess their children's self-portraits?
Adults accompanying children to classes are invited to the room. They are shown chalk and gouache little men, they determine the work of their children. This is diagnostic in nature, creates the ground for parents' interest in classes, in the analysis of children's creativity products, provides information for further conversations.
Lesson number 2. "Sadness"
1. Conversation on the carpet
Leading. During our meetings, we will talk about your feelings and moods. Today is about sadness. What do you think "sad" is? When is it sad?
Draw the face of a sad person. Find a sad person(examination and selection of pictograms, voicing of facial expressions). Find a sad face among these photos. Why is this child sad?
2. Graphic task
Leading. Draw something sad. For example, I would draw an autumn leaf that fell from a tree. This leaf makes me sad, as it reminds me that the summer is over and the cold will come soon. You come up with your own sad drawing, do not repeat after me. Let everyone have their own idea.
Children draw with pencils or felt-tip pens on A4 sheets, show and explain their versions of “sad drawings”.
3. Task for adaptation in the space of the room
Leading. Try to find some sad objects or toys in the playroom. Think about why they are sad or make you feel sad. Your opinions may differ. One will decide that the chosen subject is very sad, and the other will say that there is nothing sad about it. Everyone has their own opinion, let's listen to everyone.
Children move around the room, find objects and reassemble on the carpet to show and explain their choice. The psychologist once again emphasizes that people's opinions can differ, because all people are different, and that's great.
4. Diagnostic task "Drawing in a circle"
The guys draw the mandala "Sadness". To do this, you need to prepare A3 drawing paper, on which a circle is drawn with a simple pencil. For drawing, gouache, watercolor are offered. These mandalas must be saved, since at the last lesson the children will be asked to draw a drawing in a circle for the second time, but on a free topic, and then both drawings will be compared. Children themselves will choose the mandala that they like best.
5. Tasks for creating a situation of success "Games with dry leaves"
Leading. Autumn leaf fall often leads to sad thoughts, but dry leaves can bring a lot of joy. Let's play with them!
"Leaf fall"
An adult stands on a chair and, from the height of a raised hand, lets the sheet fall. Children take turns catching randomly flying, swirling leaves.
"Fireworks"
Leading. We collect leaves in a handful, toss them over our heads.
"Painting with Leaves"
Leading. You can also paint with leaves. I will teach you!
The psychologist demonstrates the technique of creating an image: squeezing out PVA glue from a tube, put a drawing on a sheet of paper; pick up dry leaves, grind between the palms into small particles, sprinkle over the adhesive pattern. Shake off excess, not stuck particles. The procedure is repeated until a subjective result is achieved. You can name the picture. The number of “leaf patterns” created depends on the desire of the individual child, if necessary, the time of the lesson can be extended.
The first two games with leaves activate children, excite them, the third calms them down.
6. Summary of the lesson
Children choose among their drawings those that they want to leave for the exhibition, attach to the walls or arrange them around the space of the room.
With children of primary school age, it is possible to conduct a reflective analysis of drawings, but its depth should correspond to the possibilities of speech development. For preschoolers, such an analysis is difficult, most often they cannot cope with it, therefore it is not specially organized (but there are individual exceptions) so that children do not feel their failure.
Lesson number 3. "Joy"
1. Conversation on the carpet
Traditionally, the lesson begins with an offer to take pillows, sit in a circle on the carpet, say hello, if you want to talk about something important or exciting. This time, when they enter the room, the children find a multi-colored clown hat.
Leading. What's this? Whose is this? What mood does the owner of this cap give people?
Find in the picture people who have such a mood(working with pictograms). Draw the face of a joyful person.
2. Graphic task
for joint execution "Continue the drawing"
Leading. Let's draw a clown together. We have colored pencils and one sheet of paper for all.(format not smaller than A3). So that everyone can participate in the image, we will draw in turn. Draw some element and pass the sheet to the next one.
The psychologist at this stage of correction offers the children a way to work together (in turn), regulates the balance of the contribution to the overall picture, the relationship of children.
3. The task of creating a situation of success "Clown's cap"
Leading. I have prepared a surprise for you, with the help of which you yourself will become clowns in this lesson.
An adult puts a suitcase with outfits in the middle of the carpet, and the guys choose funny outfits for themselves, come up with accessories. If the suit turned out to be comfortable and does not cause discomfort in the child, he will gladly remain in it throughout the lesson.
Then the guys sit down at the table and receive blank caps (the size of the blank fits into A4 format). They decorate them with gouache (or whatever they want), after which the psychologist fastens the workpiece with a stapler - a pointed cap is obtained, and also attaches the ties with a stapler. It must be remembered that gouache applied in a thick layer dries for a long time, so it will take time for the caps to dry before the guys put them on their heads. This moment must be foreseen and have options for a way out of the situation. Usually the guys stay in caps until the end of the lesson, some go home in them.
4. The task of responding to emotions
and stress relief "Beautiful drawing"
Leading. You have become clowns and now you can create a good mood yourself. Do you enjoy when you get beautiful drawings? Now you all have to make a drawing together, looking at which you could say: “Beauty!”
Whatman A1 is laid out on the table in front of the guys, they are given the opportunity to choose the methods of action with gouache (drawing with a brush, sponge, fingers, etc.). In the process of drawing, children have to interact, learn to yield, take into account the interests of others, restrain themselves or, conversely, be active. The psychologist monitors and regulates these moments. The process lasts until the guys satisfy their needs for smearing, smearing, mixing paints.
As a rule, a “beautiful drawing” among preschoolers is not objectively beautiful, since after mixing the colors, the sheet acquires, for example, a dirty gray or brown color. But this can be limited, since the children themselves are satisfied with their work, it makes them happy.
Younger students can be offered the second stage of drawing. After finishing the "rubbing", the children wash their hands and again gather around the leaf. Now they are given a tough task - to decorate the drawing, to make it really beautiful. To do this, you need to determine the moment when the appearance of the picture becomes attractive, and extra strokes can ruin it. That is, it is necessary to make an installation for self-control. Usually, the guys successfully cope with this, if the psychologist during the drawing resembles an instruction, they experience pleasure from their success.
5. Summary of the lesson
What is art therapy?
Art therapy (Latin ars - art, Greek therapeia - treatment) is a method of treatment with the help of artistic creativity. Art therapy today is considered one of the most gentle, but effective methods used in the work of psychologists and psychotherapists.
It can be said that during art therapy sessions, patients receive an important message from their own subconscious. This technique belongs to the most ancient and natural forms of correction of emotional states. It is important that any person, even independently, without the help of a specialist, can engage in art therapy. It helps to relax and relieve tension.
There are different models of art therapy in different countries. It is very important to note that this technique has no contraindications and limitations. It is used in almost all areas of psychotherapy. It has also found a fairly wide application in pedagogy, social work and even business. Art therapy gives any person the opportunity to express their inner world through creativity.
Types of art therapy
If we talk about classical art therapy, then it includes only visual types of creativity, such as: painting, graphics, photography, drawing and modeling. But modern art therapy has more types of techniques. It also includes bibliotherapy, mask therapy, fairy tale therapy, origami, drama therapy, music therapy, color therapy, video therapy, sand therapy, play therapy, etc.
A complex method was also developed - art synthesis therapy. It is based on the use of a combination of painting, versification, dramaturgy and theatre, rhetoric and plasticity. Moreover, the number of methods is constantly increasing.
Application of art therapy? Benefits of art therapy. Properties of art therapy
Art therapy techniques are used for a fairly wide range of problems. These can be psychological traumas, losses, crisis states, intra- and interpersonal conflicts, post-stress, neurotic and psychosomatic disorders, existential and age-related crises. Art therapy helps to develop in a person the creativity of thinking and the integrity of his personality, and also through creativity allows you to discover personal meanings.
It should be noted the high efficiency of art therapy, both when working with adults and when working with adolescents and children. By its very nature, this technique is radical. It allows you to reveal the inner strength of a person. Art therapy helps to increase self-esteem; teaches to relax and get rid of negative emotions and thoughts; in group work, it develops important social skills in a person.
Art therapy gives a person the opportunity to strengthen their memory, develop attention, thinking and decision-making skills. Art therapy is used in individual and group psychotherapy, in various trainings. It can also serve as an addition to other methods and areas of psychotherapy, systems of health improvement, education and upbringing. It is important that art therapy does not require special training.
History of art therapy
This term appeared in the 40s. 20th century It began to be used by the British physician and artist Adrian Hill. He worked in special hospitals with tuberculosis patients as an art teacher.
He drew attention to the fact that creative activities help patients recover more easily and quickly. At the same time, patients are distracted from their problems and experiences.
It must be said that art in general appeared in ancient times and served as a means of communication. In folk art, you can see the prototype of modern art therapy.
The conditions for the development of art therapy began to be laid along with the emergence of interest in children's and primitive art. People began to appreciate the spontaneous expression of emotions, which was not constrained by convention.
In Russia in recent years there has been a rapid development of psychotherapy. At the same time, there is an active study of its new forms and models. Great interest in art therapy began to be shown not only by specialists, but also by patients themselves.
However, still not everyone knows what art therapy is. This is due to insufficient information. Psychiatrists and psychotherapists are engaged in the development of this profession.
Opportunities for art therapy
We can say that art therapy is based on faith in the creative basis of man. It does not aim to make a person an artist or an actor. It is aimed primarily at solving psychological problems.
Almost everyone can take part in art therapy work, regardless of their age. It doesn't require him to be creative.
Through artistic images, our unconscious interacts with consciousness.
Art therapy helps to establish relationships between people. Through art, a person not only expresses himself, but also learns more about others.
Art therapy allows you to know yourself and the world around you. In artistic creation, a person embodies his emotions, feelings, hopes, fears, doubts and conflicts. This happens at an unconscious level, and a person learns a lot about himself.
Art therapy develops creative possibilities. During art therapy, a person can discover previously unknown talents in himself.
Art therapy is a good way of social adaptation. This is of the greatest importance for people with disabilities. They are often very socially maladjusted. They lack communication. Art therapy gives them the opportunity to participate more actively and independently in society.
Art therapy mainly uses the means of non-verbal communication. This is very important for people who find it difficult to express their thoughts in words.
Art therapy in recent years has acquired a pedagogical direction. At school, it performs the following functions: educational, correctional, psychotherapeutic, diagnostic and developmental.
Vereshchagina Sofia
for the women's magazine InFlora.ru
On this day, set aside time and forget all the problems, doing what you love or learn some new kind of creativity. Sing, draw, sew, dance...! Let the soul give warmth and energy to the body, and then, in turn, let it please us with health and vigor for a longer time!
I got a purple mood doll :) This is when the soul sings and the whole world echoes it, when everything succeeds and all desires come true, when it’s like you are flying on wings and the whole world is at your feet ...
When everything around is colored with a rainbow of your favorite shades and you believe that life is really beautiful and amazing! All purple mood!
Children age: 5-6 years old
Target: The development of the cognitive sphere of preschool children.
Tasks:
1. Prevention of negative emotional manifestations: aggressiveness, anxiety, fears;
2. Creation of conditions for the development of the personality of children, the activation of mental functions;
3. Development of creative thinking, imagination, ability to emotional regulation and natural communication.
Form of work: frontal.
Equipment: color module "Seasons", illustrations for each season, therapeutic fairy tale "Four Daughters of the Year", paper according to the number of children, gouache, woolen balls for each child, colored pencils, musical accompaniment by P.I. Tchaikovsky "Seasons" .
Lesson progress:
Organizing time:
The tables are arranged in a semicircle, the children are seated, the psychologist is at the blackboard. Musical accompaniment is included.
Psychologist:
Today we will talk about the seasons.
- What seasons do you know? (children's answers)
- That's right: Winter, spring, summer, autumn.
- And how will it be in the Kazakh language? (children's answers)
Main part:
Psychologist hangs a color module on a magnetic board"Seasons"
Psychologist:
-Look at the picture, what is it? (children's answers)
- All seasons are divided into months. How many months are in each season? (children's answers)
- Name the winter months in Russian (children's answers).
Next, spring, summer and autumn are sorted out. As the discussion progresses, the psychologist posts illustrations for each season.
- And now I want to tell you one very interesting tale, which tells from where the seasons appeared. Do you want to listen? Then sit up straight, straighten your backs? and listen carefully.
A long time ago it was like this: today the sun is hot, the flowers are blooming, the birds are singing, and the next day the cold, the snow - everything dies. Then the heat, so much so that the rivers dry up. And the next day, heavy rain ... People suffered a lot from this. 
High, high in the sky, in the Cloudy Palace lived a king named God. The king was very sorry for the people, so he decided to send one of his daughters to earth to help people put things in order. The king had four daughters. All of them were smart, kind and beautiful, but they did not look alike.
The first daughter loved to wear white, blue and silver dresses. She knew how to scatter fluffy snow everywhere, fetter rivers with mirror-smooth ice and protect the dream of nature. Her name was Winter.
The second daughter was cheerful and mischievous. She dressed in delicate green and pink dresses. She knew how to melt snow and ice, call migratory birds and give the first flowers. Her name was Spring.
The third daughter was also cheerful and noisy. She dressed in bright dresses. Gave a lot of heat and light, a lot of flowers and berries. Her name was Summer.
The last daughter of the year was called Autumn. She was very sad. She knew how to pour rain, lull nature and give a lot of mushrooms and vegetables.
The king could not decide which daughter to send him to Earth. He thought for a long time and decided this: each of his daughters should visit Earth. Then people themselves will choose which of them to leave. No sooner said than done. And now all the girls go to Earth in turn: Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn.
Finally, it's time to choose. The king began to ask the people:
- Did you like Winter? What was bad and what was good?
And the people answered:
- Oh, great king, your daughter Winter brought us cold, we had no flowers and fruits, the birds flew away. But on the other hand, she gave us skating, sledding and skiing, snowball fights and a wonderful holiday - the New Year. We love Winter.
- What can you say about Vesna - my second daughter? the king asked.
- When Spring came, the snow melted, it became dirty, the rivers overflowed and we were flooded. But it became warm again, the birds returned home, the flowers and leaves on the trees blossomed. Your daughter Spring is beautiful, people answered.
- Did you like my daughter named Leto? the king asked.
Yes, great king. We loved her too. We were bitten by midges and we were afraid of thunderstorms, but there is nothing more pleasant than swimming in the river, nothing tastier than juicy berries and beautiful summer flowers and butterflies.
- And, finally, Autumn. What do you say about her? 
- In the autumn it became cold again, it started to rain and it became dirty, the songbirds flew away. But then the forest was dressed in red, yellow and orange clothes. It is so beautiful. We had a lot of vegetables, fruits, mushrooms and nuts. Autumn, though sad, but we also fell in love with it.
The king thought. And really, how can it be? People liked all the daughters, but they cannot rule together. But the king was very wise and just.
He found a way out and announced to the people his decision: "From now on, let each of my daughters come to Earth in her turn at the same time."
And so it has been since then: winter, spring, summer and autumn are visiting us in turn.
Tasks for a fairy tale
1. Which of the sisters do you like best? Why?
2. Is there anyone in the story who you don't like? Why?
3. What are the best gifts Winter (Spring, Summer, Autumn) gives us?
4. Why do you think people felt bad without the daughters of the Year?
Psychologist:
- Here we are with you and learned everything about the seasons. Now let's close our eyes and dream.
The psychologist conducts the relaxation exercise "Magic Dream", accompanied by musical accompaniment.
Eyelashes fall...
The eyes are closing...
We rest in peace (2 times)
We fall asleep with a magical dream.
Breathe easily, evenly, deeply.
Our hands rest...
Feet also rest
Rest, fall asleep (2 times)
The neck is not tense
And relaxed...
Lips slightly open
Everything wonderfully relaxes (2 times)
Breathe easily... Exactly... Deeply.
Long pause. Let's imagine what beautiful sisters are the seasons.
We rested calmly
They fell asleep with a magical dream.
It's good for us to rest!
But it's time to get up!
We squeeze our fists tighter,
We raise them higher.
Pull up! Smile!
Everyone open their eyes and stand up.
Psychologist:
- Well done! Now let's draw, who likes what time of the year more, but not just like that, but we will draw in balls.
The psychologist unwinds a ball of thread and shows the children how to create patterns or paintings on the floor or table. Then each child takes a ball in turn and, unwinding it, creates a composition. Tearing off the thread, passes the ball to the next.
Children draw to the musical accompaniment - P.I. Tchaikovsky "The Seasons".
If desired, children demonstrate their work and comment on them. Children's drawings are hung out at the "Creative Exhibition"
Reflection:
What new did you learn in class today?
What did you like the most?
Goodbye, guys!
