Analysis of the poem by A. S. Pushkin "In the depths of Siberian ores"
1. Introduction (thematic)
The poem can be attributed to the freedom-loving lyrics of Pushkin, and to poems about friendship. Pushkin devoted many poems to the theme of friendship. Basically, this is due to memories of the lyceum brotherhood. This poem is dedicated to the Decembrists exiled to Siberia for hard labor. Among the Decembrists were people familiar to Pushkin (a total of 579 people, five were hanged) and lyceum friends (Iv. Iv. Pushchin, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker).
2. Main body
Perception. The poem is perceived as friendly support of people close in spirit and destiny. The optimistic mood of the poem is created by the positively charged vocabulary "high aspiration", "hope", "cheerfulness and fun", "desired time", "love and friendship", "freedom".
Associations that arise when reading: gladiators fighting for their freedom, for whom the sword (gladius) was a symbol of honor, but they dreamed of another sword, a wooden rudium, a symbol of their freedom. For only a free man no longer sheds blood. He has already won his freedom.
Interpretation
1) Date, information from the history of the creation of the poem.
Written in 1826 to Friends - the Decembrists as a message. Pushkin passed it on to Alexandra Muravyov, who went to Siberia to her husband, a Decembrist. This was the time after the suppression of the December uprising, when the tsarist government claimed in documents that the ideas of the Decembrists were base and insane, that the conspiracy was drawn up by "a handful of monsters." The aristocrats turned away from the arrested Decembrists, even their relatives and friends did not dare to show sympathy for the prisoners. At such a time, Pushkin sends this poem to the Decembrists, which sounds like the voice of a friend who is in solidarity with them in spirit and aspirations.
2) Genre. Type of literature, literary direction, creative method.
Type of literature - lyrics
Genre in form - message
Genre by content - civil lyrics
Literary direction and creative method (they are one and the same) - realism.
3) What mood becomes decisive for the poem as a whole? Do the author's feelings change throughout the poem, and if so, thanks to what words do we guess about it?
Mood: support, hope, faith in the future victory of the idea of ​​freedom - optimistic mood.
The author’s feelings change in increasing order: first, consolation (“keep proud patience”, “your mournful work will not be lost ...”) Then - firm confidence in victory (“the desired time will come”), then - a sense of solidarity (“love and friendship will reach you "," the brothers will give you the sword, "" as my free voice"). And, finally, the feeling of the future triumph of the winners (“and freedom will welcome you joyfully at the entrance”)
4) There is a conflict in the poem between those who imprisoned their friends in the "convict holes" of the Siberian mines, and those who fought for freedom and proudly suffer punishment.
Positively colored words: “high aspiration”, “hope”, “cheerfulness and fun”, “desired time”, “love and friendship”, “free voice”, “freedom”, “joyfully”, “brothers”.
Negatively colored words: “Siberian ores”, “patience”, “mournful work”, “misfortune”, “in a gloomy dungeon”, “gloomy locks”, “hard labor holes”, “heavy fetters”.
5) Ideological and thematic content.
Theme and leading theme
Theme is when there are several themes in one work.

The theme is the vital material that is reflected in the work.

Topic: 1. Struggle against autocracy. 2. The cruel fate of the wrestlers. 3. A look into the "joyful" future.
Leading theme: a look into a joyful future, free from shackles.

The main idea, its development - the sacrifices of the fighters are not in vain, their cause will not be lost, it has meaning and continuation in the minds of freedom-loving followers and will certainly win.

Emotional coloring and ways of its transmission, development of feelings. (see above - mood)
Does public or personal sound predominate in the poem?

I think that in the poem there is a personal attitude to the problem. The poet believes in a just future, like a utopian, and as the Decembrists themselves believed in him. They looked at society through the prism of their own soul, full of noble aspirations for goodness and justice for all, not realizing that society was unworthy of the future they so longed for (remember the 1917 revolution and what it turned out to be for the people)
Problem and main problem.

(A problem is a question posed for a solution. A problem is a few questions for a solution)
1) In the name of what do the best people go to the slaughter?
2) What is the continuation of their feat?
The main problem: In the name of what do the best people go to the slaughter?

Ideological content and main idea.
(Ideological content is a lot of ideas, their full set in a work. The main idea is the search for an answer or an answer to the main problem)
The main idea: freedom, justice for the people - this is a lofty aspiration, it is worth it to give dreams and life for it.
Eternal themes in the poem: friendship, solidarity, honor, nobility.
Historical theme: the fate of the Decembrists
Eternal problem: human feat in the history of the country.
Eternal idea: freedom and justice.

6) Plot elements

1. Exposition - the conditions that created the conflict: "In the depths of the Siberian ores - keep proud patience, your mournful work and thoughts of high aspiration will not be lost." "Sorrowful work" - preparation for participation in the December uprising, "dum high aspiration" - These are the noble goals that the Decembrists set for themselves. All these are preconditions for conflict.

2. Zvyazka - the beginning of the conflict, its origin.
Unfortunately faithful sister,
Hope in the dark dungeon
Wake up cheerfulness and fun
The desired time will come
(The misfortune that accompanies the hope of liberation and merriment)

3. Development of action - the course of events in ascending order:
Love and friendship up to you
Will reach through the gloomy gates
Like in your hard labor holes
My free voice comes
The love of the wives who follow them to Siberia, friendship is the solidarity of like-minded people and people close in spirit and destiny who are not afraid to voice their moods and beliefs. All this opposes the "gloomy locks" and "prison holes", that is, the system of autocracy.

4. Culmination - the highest point of conflict tension: "Heavy chains will fall, dungeons will collapse." The dream of freedom will come true!

5.Decoupling - conflict resolution.
…and freedom
You will be gladly received at the entrance,
And the brothers will give you the sword"
Freedom, the joy of meeting with the "brothers" who will return to them the "sword", a symbol of honor, dignity, nobility, a symbol of struggle.

7) Features of the composition

External composition - these are chapters, parts, sections of a work

The poem consists of four quatrains.
- Internal composition is the construction of events, conditions, images - characters. Techniques of internal composition in this poem: 1. Monologue - appeal. 2. Landscapes (“in the depths of Siberian ores” (winter, cold, Siberia, mines, wilderness, Taiga - associations). 3. Interiors - “gloomy dungeon”, “gloomy gates”, “hard labor holes”, “dungeons”.
8) Features of the poetic form
Metrics is a section of poetry about the combination of strengths and weaknesses in verse, about poetic meters and sizes.
Meter is an ordered alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in a verse. Syllabo-tonic.
Size - iambic (two-syllable foot with stress on the second syllable)
(((--- (--- (---
In the depths of non-Siberian ores
(--- (---- (((--- (
Keep those mountains until e terpen e
Features of rhythm
Rhyme: 1st line of the quatrain rhymes with the 3rd - masculine rhyme (ends with a stressed syllable) 2nd line rhymes with the 4th - feminine rhyme (ends with an unstressed syllable)
Rhyming method - cross rhyme 1st with 3rd, 2nd with 4th (abab)
The specificity of the stanza is a quatrain (quatrain) The repetition of rhyme, rhyming method, size.
Stylistic and artistic techniques
- vocabulary works for contrast, for conflict, for confrontation:

Proud patience - mournful work
High Aspiration - Dark Dungeon
Love and friendship are gloomy shutters
Free voice - hard labor holes
- tropes - words and phrases in a figurative sense: metaphors, metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbole (exaggeration), litotes (understatement), etc.

1. Epithets: “proud”, “mournful”, “high”, “gloomy”, “free”, “heavy”, etc.
2. Metaphor: "convict holes"
3. Personification: “freedom ... will welcome you joyfully at the entrance”, “it will come ... time”, “hope ... will wake you up”.
4.Periphrase - replacing a word with a descriptive expression:
"the brothers will give you the sword"
“heavy fetters will fall” (meaning not only shackles, but also bondage, constraint, slavery)
- Shapes

1. Antithesis - comparison or opposition of contrasting concepts or images
Misfortune is hope
hard labor - free
Dungeons - freedom
2. Transfer - a mismatch between the syntactic reading of speech and reading into verses:
"dungeons will collapse - and freedom
You will be warmly welcomed at the entrance.”
"Unfortunately faithful sister
Hope…"
10) The main images of the poem: images of prisoners, their friends, loved ones, "brothers" (like-minded people)
Artistic meaning: the prisoners are not alone, they can believe not only in the rightness of their cause, but also in their loved ones who are nearby - their wives are physically nearby, friends and "brothers" - in soul and thoughts.
11) The image of the lyrical hero (author)
A citizen, patriot, friend, like-minded person, he is also a fighter for freedom, but his job is to “burn people’s hearts with the verb” (a phrase from Pushkin’s poem “The Prophet”), that is, his poems, his words are aimed at the idea of ​​​​freedom and justice, as and the Decembrists.
12) The place of the poem in the work of the author
Belongs to the so-called freedom-loving lyrics of Pushkin. Other of his poems can be attributed to this lyrics: “The Prisoner”, “To the Sea”, “Anchar”, etc.
13) Impressions
- the impetus for creating a poem is the 1st line “In the depths of Siberian ores” In the soul of the poet, the harsh music of “heavy shackles”, overwork, and the cold of Siberian winters sounds.
The last line - "And the brothers will give you the sword" - these are words of support, faith, solidarity. And if the 2 sword is considered as a symbol of honor, dignity of a citizen of the country, then everything will be restored, returned.

They say that Pushkin once said that if his friends had not hidden from him about the preparation of the uprising (he was at that time in Mikhailovskaya exile), he would have been on Senate Square among the rebels.

The role of sounds in the poem: a lot of sonar consonant sounds and sound combinations that give the impression of harsh conditions, darkness: “Siberian”, “keep”, gloomy”, “convict”, “collapse”.

In the sounds depicted in the poem: the clatter of bolts, the clang of chains, the rumble of falling dungeons.
- The color of the poem is gray, black, dark. And at the end - the light of freedom. And this is confirmed by the words that speak of the color “gloomy gates”, “gloomy dungeon”.
- The category of time in the poem.

The meaning of the past: “your mournful work and thoughts of high aspiration will not be lost”
The meaning of the present: “proud patience”, “hope”, “my free voice reaches”.
The meaning of the future: “the desired time will come”, “fetters ... will fall”, “they will give the sword”, etc.

Conclusion - personal assessment and your personal perception
- In the work of the poet and in Russian poetry in general, the poem occupies a prominent place, thanks to the freedom-loving idea.

The universal significance - the problem of freedom and the struggle for it - is one of the eternal in the history of mankind.

Philosophical sounding - 1) A person is one who has a "dum high aspiration" ") Human misfortune is always accompanied by hope: "unfortunately faithful sister hope."

A masterpiece is an exceptional, exemplary work. "To Siberia" is a masterpiece, because it was created by the master for centuries, it is still relevant to this day.
- Openings in the soul.
After reading, you think more deeply about the fate of the best people in world history (they were always persecuted), and about Pushkin, who was always under surveillance, but dared not be afraid to extend a friendly hand to the “state criminals” who rebelled against the autocracy.

In the depths of Siberian ores
Keep proud patience
Your mournful work will not be lost
And doom high aspiration.

Unfortunately faithful sister,
Hope in the dark dungeon
Wake up cheerfulness and fun,
The desired time will come:

Love and friendship up to you
They will reach through the gloomy gates,
Like in your hard labor holes
My free voice is coming.

Heavy chains will fall
The dungeons will collapse - and freedom
You will be gladly received at the entrance,
And the brothers will give you the sword.

Analysis of the poem "In the depths of Siberian ores" by Pushkin

The famous event of 1825 was directly or indirectly reflected in many of Pushkin's works. A large number of exiled Decembrists were close friends of the poet. The exile to Siberia at the beginning of the 19th century was represented in the minds as sending to the end of the world, from where it was almost impossible to return. Pushkin was very worried about his friends and tried to encourage them as much as possible. For this purpose, in 1827, he wrote the poem "In the depths of Siberian ores ..." and was able to send it to distant Siberia through the wife of one of the Decembrists, A. Muravyova. The message was delivered safely. During Pushkin's life, the poem was never published because of its very harsh content, but it became widespread in the lists - admirers copied it out by hand.

The poet calls on the Decembrists to maintain "proud patience." "Siberian ores" means their incredible abandonment. Siberia at that time remained, in fact, just a colony of Russia, a source of raw materials. For an educated person, this was a land that civilization had not yet touched. Therefore, it was especially difficult for the Decembrists there. Pushkin reminds the exiles that their great work was not in vain. Now they are subjected to universal condemnation, but future generations will appreciate their feat. The uprising was practically unprepared, its participants were unable to coordinate their actions. But they were guided by a "high aspiration" and at least set an example.

Pushkin is trying to inspire optimism and faith in a better future in the exiles. He hopes that "the desired time will come." In this image, the poet implies the overthrow of tyrannical power, which will mean the triumph of justice.

Pushkin sends his poetic message despite censorship and tight controls. By doing this, he exposes not only himself, but also A. Muravyov to serious danger. His act was quite a bold move. In the work, he expresses the hope that his letter will reach the addressees and become a symbol of freedom, which cannot be chained. The poet compares his message to "love and friendship" that cannot be closed with "gloomy gates".

In the final lines, Pushkin foreshadows the imminent fall of the autocracy and the long-awaited release of the captives by his "brothers". It is not known whether the poet himself believed in his prophecy or simply tried to give strength to his friends. After the suppression of the uprising in Russia, an extremely reactionary period began. Dreams of an imminent overthrow of tsarism were forgotten for a long time. In any case, the joyful news from Russia really made the desperate Decembrists happy and helped them to keep their faith and hope.

In December 1825, a group of idealist noblemen attempted a coup d'état in St. Petersburg. The main purpose of this event was the abolition of serfdom.

The nobles were arrested, some of them were executed. Their feat was reflected in fiction: "Russian Women" by Nekrasov, "Fencing Teacher" by Dumas, "Northern Lights" by Marich. Finally, one of the works is dedicated to the heroes of the 1825 uprising. Pushkin - a poem"In the depths of Siberian ores", the analysis of which is presented in this article.

Insurrection

Analysis of the poem "In the depths of Siberian ores" should begin with a short digression into history. The Patriotic War of 1812 and other political events gave rise to hopes for change in Russian society. First of all, the abolition of serfdom, and this meant the restriction of monarchical power.

In 1818 the first secret society was formed. Alexander Muravyov became the organizer of the Decembrist movement. Soon, many similar societies arose in Russia, the composition of which was constantly changing.

The prerequisite for the uprising was the accession of Alexander I. The former emperor, meanwhile, did not renounce the throne. An extremely tense, ambiguous situation was created in the country, which could be called an interregnum. By that time, the minister already had a lot of denunciations on members of secret societies on the table. The Decembrists were in no hurry to swear allegiance to the new emperor. Moreover, it was during this period that they decided to revolt.

The Decembrists did not achieve their goal. Serfdom, as is known, was abolished in Russia much later. They knew from the beginning that their plan was doomed. For the Decembrists, the main thing was to become an example for future generations. And they succeeded.

More than 350 conspirators were sent to the Peter and Paul Fortress. Five were sentenced to death. More than a hundred people were exiled to Siberia. The wives of many condemned followed their husbands. The poem "In the depths of the Siberian ores", the analysis of which is presented below, is dedicated not only to the Decembrists, but also to women, representatives of secular society, who abandoned the comfortable life of the capital.

Civil Theme in Pushkin's Work

When analyzing the poem "In the depths of Siberian ores" it is worth saying a few words about the history of its creation. Pushkin wrote it in 1827. It's lyrical work - act poet's civic courage. The poem "In the depths of Siberian ores" Pushkin - message Decembrists serving exile. The poet expressed hope for amnesty. But they were released only in 1855.

The feat of the Decembrists was admired in Russian society. Pushkin's work "In the depths of Siberian ores" appeared on a wave of enthusiasm caused by the decisive act of the heroes' wives. These women neglected nobility, wealth. They went to Siberia. The very way to this remote part of Russia in the 19th century could be called a feat. Women got to the settlement, where their husbands by that time had already served time, several weeks. At the same time, they knew that they would not be able to return to the capital for the next 20 years.

So, the poem "In the depths of Siberian ores" is dedicated to whom? Decembrists and their wives. The civic theme dominates in this work. By writing this poem, Pushkin strengthened and raised the spirit of his comrades. He had known some of them since his studies at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

After the link

Pushkin was involved in the activities of one of the secret societies. Shortly before the uprising, he was sent into exile. After the suppression of the uprising, on the orders of Nicholas I, the poet was released. In 1925, a long conversation took place between the emperor and Pushkin. What Nicholas I talked about with the poet is not known for certain. But even after this conversation, Pushkin did not renounce his convictions. He still continued to support his Decembrist friends.

Message

This is precisely the genre of the poem "In the depths of the Siberian ores". Topic works - a feat nobles who sacrificed freedom, position in society for the sake of high ideas. In the poem, the author does not address abstract readers, but to his friends. It is worth saying that the message was Pushkin's favorite genre.

Artistic features

In the poem, the poet uses words such as "dungeon", "fetters", "dungeon". Turning to his friends, he hopes that his "free voice" will penetrate even "into the hard labor holes". Despite the tragic fate of the Decembrists, the poem is permeated with hope. With such phrases as "mournful work", "gloomy shutters" is adjacent "proud patience". When writing the poem, the author used alliteration with "R". The size is iambic tetrameter.

The poem "In the depths of the Siberian ores" by A.S. Pushkin was published in 1827. This poetic work is an act of high civil courage of a person, a poet.

“In the depths of the Siberian ores” is a sincere, ardent message from Pushkin to the Decembrists who are exiled. In it, the author expressed hope for an early amnesty for the Decembrists, which actually took place only in 1855.

The poem appeared on a wave of enthusiasm, which was caused by a decisive act-feat of a considerable part of the wives of the Decembrists. They neglected everything - position in the world, wealth, nobility, and went after their husbands into exile.

Pushkin was particularly touched by his farewell meeting with Maria Raevskaya, whom he once loved. Now she was among the first to leave, as the wife of S.G. Volkonsky. Volkonsky's punishment was measured by twenty years of hard labor.

In the poem "In the depths of the Siberian ores" the civic theme dominates, the theme of loyalty to the ideals of youth. The goal that the poet set for himself was to strengthen and raise the spirit of not only two former graduates of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum - Pushchin and Kuchelbeker, but the entire composition of the Decembrists, doomed to hard work "in the hard labor burrows" of the Trans-Baikal Nerchi mines, to instill in them hope for the best. The belief that all bad things will end soon - this is what determines the emotionally rich tone of the work.

The Decembrist uprising failed. But with the alignment of forces in society, which was at that time, it could not but end in failure.

But the Decembrists could not but come forward. Their liberation thoughts were too strong, their civic-patriotic feelings were high. And although the Decembrists did not achieve a positive result, everything that happened was not in vain.

After the suppression of the December uprising, Pushkin was returned by Nicholas I from exile. They had a long and lengthy conversation face to face. Nikolai assured the poet that he sincerely wishes to use his power for the good and prosperity of the people and asked Alexander Sergeevich to help him with his work in this. Pushkin, of course, heeded the opinion of the tsar, but he did not abandon his former convictions. How not to renounce his friends, the Decembrists. After the conversation, exposing himself even more to danger, he sent them heartfelt, full of hope poems to them in Siberia. The poet hoped that his personal efforts in facilitating the speedy release of people languishing in exile would be successful.

The genre of the work "In the depths of Siberian ores" is a civil and friendly message. The message is one of Pushkin's favorite genres.

Used means of poetic expression
“Shackles, dungeons, dungeons, locks, hard labor holes” is the terminology associated with the rebellion and its consequences.

The epithets used in the work are “mournful labor”, “proud patience”, “gloomy shutters”, “free speech”.

The comparison that takes place in the poem "In the depths of Siberian ores":

"As in your hard labor holes
My free voice is coming."

To give the poem more richness, firmness and decisiveness, Pushkin uses the method of alliteration (alliteration on "P").

"In the depths of the Siberian ores,
Keep proud patience.
Your mournful work will not be lost
And doom high aspiration.

The poem "In the depths of Siberian ores" is written in iambic tetrameter.

The year 1825 is a time of hope, controversy and disappointment. The conspirators, consisting of some representatives of the Russian nobility, had different views on achieving their main goal - the overthrow of the autocracy and the abolition of serfdom. It was in these two features of Russia that the Decembrists saw the reason for the backwardness of the country. Views on change ranged from radical to moderate.

Did Pushkin support the Decembrists? Rather, he simply sympathized with them, since among the Decembrists there were several of his buddies and friends, only about twenty people out of 120 exiled. The poem "In the depths of the Siberian ores" was delivered to hard labor by A.G. Muravyova, the wife of the Decembrist N. Muravyov, and is the poet's message to his friends, as written support for them in difficult conditions, encouragement and a reminder of the hope of an early release. Amnesty to the Decembrists, however, took place only 30 years after their uprising - and those who survived by that time were finally able to go free.

The main theme of the poem

The poet understood that the publication of "In the depths of Siberian ores" was impossible. He pursued another goal in writing this work, intended for a narrow circle of readers - to support and encourage his exiled friends.

The theme of friendship and loyalty to the ideals of youth dominates - “ Keep proud patience". The author urges not to despair and hold on. In the words " Your mournful work and thoughts of high aspiration will not be lost The poet says that the tragic event, which resulted in the death of 1,271 people plus the execution of five conspirators, came at a high and sad price. But it will not be in vain, since it drew attention to the problems of autocracy and serfdom. And so it happened - this conspiracy received a strong response in Russian society. What happened in 1825 had a considerable impact on the socio-political life of the era of the reign of Nicholas I.

Pushkin focuses on the fact that " The desired time will come» - release from exile. " Love and friendship will reach you through gloomy gates"- this is a promise of help in approaching an amnesty for the rebels, requests for them to the emperor from relatives and friends of the Decembrists.

The whole work is filled with an emotionally rich tone, the purpose of which is to compensate for the bad things in the life of the exiled nobles in the near future and to raise their spirits. And Pushkin's poem really helped many to survive in difficult conditions, especially since there was no quick release, and the Decembrists' exile lasted several decades.

Structural analysis "In the depths of Siberian ores"

This creation of Pushkin is written in the genre of a civil lyrical message - one of the poet's favorite genres. Consists of 4 stanzas with the following rhyming methods: 1st cross, 2nd and 4th inclusive, 3rd - adjacent.

The size of the poem is iambic tetrameter with a two-syllable foot with an accent on the second syllable. All sentences are non-union, complex.

The work actively uses the expressive terminology "dungeons, fetters, locks, dungeons, hard labor holes", showing the consequences of an unsuccessful uprising. Starting with the image of hard labor, the poem gradually moves to the image of freedom, clearly visible at the end.

In the second and third stanzas, there is an emphasis on the optimistic words “wake up”, “friendship”. Emotional richness is emphasized by the method of alliteration with the letter “P”, dynamic and leads from grief to confidence that they will soon be returned to their former rights and noble privileges - (“And the brothers will give you the sword”; sword - a symbol of noble dignity and honor ).

gave hope

The history of the Decembrists, which at first began so romantically, turned out to be tragic - many destinies broke down. Many of the conspirators repented of their radicalism, others realized the futility of their unprepared uprising, but they all had to accept their new fate - they failed to reconcile the opposition with the emperor.

And they accepted their fate with dignity: they studied the lands of Siberia, were engaged in pedagogical activities, and wrote poetry. Of course, it depended on the inner core of each person. But even the poem-support written especially for them by Pushkin in the first years of exile significantly strengthened the spirit of the Decembrists and gave hope for the restoration of their rights, albeit not as soon as the poet wished.