Volga region.

Middle and lower Volga is the largest region of the country in terms of agriculture, the leading branch of which is grain farming - the most significant for people. After all, bread is the head of everything, as the proverb says. Wheat varieties recognized in the world are grown on these lands. Depending on the climate, the soil of the lands is divided into four zones - forest-steppe, chernozem steppe, steppe and semi-desert steppe.

The Volga region was created for millions of years, and mention of its division into lower and middle began already in the 19th century. To separate the middle and lower Volga regions, you need to know that the middle regions include the regions: Ulyanovsk, Penza, Samara and Kazan regions. The Lower Volga region includes the regions: Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan and Kalmykia.

Volga region throughout its territory it has low plains and large uplands, valleys and basins of lakes, which have undergone changes only in the last thousand years of their history.

The edge of the Volga region in the western part represents the Volga Upland, in the southern part it is Ergeni, and from the north and east the edges represent the spurs of the Common Syrt. In the middle of the Volga region is the lowland of the Volga, and lower to the south is the Caspian depression.

The Volga Upland has an elevated plateau - about 400 meters the highest place. Almost the entire surface is cut by ravines and a network of wide and very deep river valleys. The Samara bow is the largest slope that washes the Volga from three sides. The Zhiguli Mountains are located in the north of the peninsula. They are formed in connection with the descent of the earth layers. Deep gullies with valleys and cliffs are covered with wild vegetation and dense forests, which looks very picturesque from the outside.

Sedimentary rocks protruding to the surface are sandstone, limestone and chalk. An amazing fact: when developing the Samara lands, mollusk shells were found that are found in the Caspian Sea! And this confirms that a decent part of the land was nothing but the seabed!

The Caspian Sea long before our time reached the city of Saratov. The bottom of the sea was made of clay and sand, during the period of drying, the bottom became the Caspian lowland, so there are now salt lakes and sands on its territory. The mighty Volga River carries its huge waters to the Caspian Sea - this is why the sea water is slightly salty.

The climate in the region is sharply continental. Average Volga region the predominance of winds from the north and west, and in the lower - from the south and east. Summer temperatures are high, and in winter there are storms and snowstorms.

In the lower reaches of the Volga River in the desert delta there are oasis islands overgrown with high reeds, and among the backwaters, as a miracle, you can see the flowers of the Indian lotus.

Middle and lower Volga- this is a water area and around flat fields with growing crops. This invaluable wealth depends only on us, on people, because it is necessary to ring the bells and save the great Russian river Volga from pollution! After all, we live in this region and raise our children!

Volga region

Upper Volga landscape

The relief is flat, dominated by lowlands and hilly plains. The climate is temperate continental and continental. Summer is warm, with average monthly air temperature in July +22° - +25°С; winter is quite cold, the average monthly air temperature in January and February is −10° - −15°С. The average annual rainfall in the north is 500-600 mm, in the south 200-300 mm. Natural zones: mixed forest (Tatarstan), forest-steppe (Samara, Penza, Ulyanovsk regions), steppe (Saratov and Volgograd regions), semi-deserts (Kalmykia, Astrakhan region). The southern part of the territory is characterized by dust storms and dry winds in the warm half of the year (from April to October).

Volga economic region

The area of the territory is 537.4 thousand km², the population is 17 million people, the population density is 25 people / km². The share of the population living in cities is 74%. The Volga economic region includes 94 cities, 3 million-plus cities, 12 subjects of the federation. It borders in the north with the Volga-Vyatka region (Central Russia), in the south with the Caspian Sea, in the east with the Ural region and Kazakhstan, in the west - with the Central Black Earth region and the North Caucasus. The economic axis is the Volga River.

Volga Federal District

Center - Nizhny Novgorod. The territory of the district is 6.08% of the territory of the Russian Federation. The population of the Volga Federal District as of January 1, 2008 is 30 million 241 thousand 581 people. (21.3% of the population of Russia). The basis of the population are the townspeople. For example, in the Samara region, this figure is more than 80%, which is generally slightly higher than the national figure (about 73%).

Notes

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Synonyms:

See what "Volga region" is in other dictionaries:

1) the territory adjacent to the middle and lower reaches of the Volga and economically gravitating towards it. There is an elevated right bank (from the Volga elevation) and a low left bank (the so-called Trans-Volga region). 2) In a natural relation, the Volga region is sometimes referred to ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

VOLGA, the territory along the middle and lower reaches of the Volga. Within the Volga region, a relatively elevated right bank with the Volga Upland and a low left bank, the so-called. Zavolzhye. In natural terms, the Volga region is sometimes referred to ... ... Russian history

Exist., number of synonyms: 1 territory (20) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Geogr. region in bass R. Volga, subdivided into Upper. (to Kazan), Sred. (Kazan - Saratov) and Nizh. (below Saratov) The Volga region. On the right bank Privolzhskaya vozv., on the left bank terraced low. Zavolzhye. Dictionary of modern geographical ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia

1) the territory adjacent to the middle and lower reaches of the Volga and economically gravitating towards it. There is an elevated right bank (with the Volga Upland) and a low left bank (the so-called Trans-Volga region). 2) In natural relation to ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The territory adjacent to the middle and lower reaches of the Volga or close to it located and economically gravitating to it. Within P., a relatively elevated right bank with the Volga Upland is distinguished (See Privolzhskaya ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Volga region- Povolzhye, I (to Volga) ... Russian spelling dictionary

Volga region- The Volga region, the territory along the middle and lower reaches of the Volga. Within P., a relatively elevated right bank from the Volga Upland and a low-lying left bank, the so-called Trans-Volga region, stand out. In natural terms, P. is sometimes also referred to ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

Volga region- POOL, includes Tatar, Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of Ulyanovsk, Penza, Kuibyshev, Saratov, Volgograd (before 1961 Stalingrad), Astrakhan region. In the years before the war. five-year plan (1929-40) a powerful industrial base was created in P. ... Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: Encyclopedia

Train number 133A / 133G "Volga" ... Wikipedia

The Volga economic region occupies a territory that is located along the Volga coast. The advantage of its location is associated with access to the Caspian Sea. Thanks to the Volga and the Volga-Baltic route, a water route appears here, allowing you to get to the Baltic Sea. The presence of the Volga-Don Canal creates an opportunity for access to the Azov and Black Seas. The area passes through latitudinal railway lines, which allow delivering people and goods to the regions of the Center, Ukraine, as well as to the Urals and Siberia.

Given that the Volga region occupies an advantageous geographical position, this has a positive effect on the development of its economic complex. The key role here is assigned to such branches of market specialization as oil and coal, as well as gas and chemical industries. The Volga region is of great importance in providing the country with such products as synthetic rubber, synthetic resins, plastics and fibers.

The composition of the Volga economic region

The Volga economic region in its structure is represented by such subjects as Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Samara, Volgograd, Astrakhan, Penza regions. It also includes two republics - Tatarstan and Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangch.

Volga economic region: characteristics

A feature of this region is a fairly diverse natural resource potential. In the north, the Volga region is represented by forests, but if you move in a southeast direction, you can find yourself in the semi-desert subzone. The main area of the region is occupied by steppes. Most of its territory falls on the Volga valley, which in the southern part is replaced by the Caspian lowland. An important role here is given to the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, which was formed from river sediments and has good conditions for agriculture.

The territorial structure of the district's economy, as well as the peculiarities of settlement, are largely associated with the presence of the Volga, which acts as a key transport artery and the axis of settlement. The vast majority of large cities located on the territory of the region are river ports.

Population of the Volga economic region

With an average population density of 31.5 people. per 1 km 2, the Volga region has a number of areas with the highest level of population. We are talking about the regions located in the Volga valley - Samara, Ulyanovsk regions and Tatarstan. The reverse situation is observed in the Republic of Kalmykia, where the population density does not exceed 4 people. per 1 km 2.

A feature of the population of this region is a rather diverse ethnic composition. Within it, the largest share falls on Russians, in addition to whom there are quite a lot of representatives of Tatars and Kalmyks. Along with them, among the inhabitants there are Bashkirs, Chuvashs and Kazakhs. Of particular relevance in recent years is the problem of the revival of the autonomy of the Volga Germans, who, against their will, had to leave the Volga region and go to the eastern regions.

Territorial organization of the economy

If we consider the territorial structure of the Volga region, then it includes three subdistricts, which are distinguished by a special development of the economy and specialization:

Middle Volga,
Privolzhsky subdistrict,
Lower Volga.

The Middle Volga region includes Tatarstan and Samara region. This area is the leader in the Volga region in terms of the development of such areas as the oil, oil refining industry and mechanical engineering. Within the framework of this territory there are many largest cities, among which are the millionaire cities - Samara and Kazan.

The composition of the Volga subdistrict is represented by such regions as the Penza and Ulyanovsk regions. Such areas as mechanical engineering, light industry, food industry and agriculture have reached the highest level of development here. Among the cities, Ulyanovsk and Penza are especially worth highlighting.

Among the most developed areas of the Lower Volga region, it is worth highlighting mechanical engineering, chemical and food industries. At the same time, the region is distinguished by a high level of agricultural development. First of all, this concerns grain farming, beef cattle breeding and sheep breeding. The production of rice, vegetables and gourds, as well as fisheries, also gives good results. Most of the enterprises are concentrated in Volgograd, which had to be restored after the end of the Great Patriotic War.

Natural resource potential

The territory of the Middle Volga stretched out along both banks of the Volga. The Volga region has significant reserves of mineral raw materials. The main minerals are oil and gas. The largest deposits are located in Tatarstan: Romashkinskoye, Almetyevskoye, Elabuga, Bavlinskoye. Pervomaiskoye and others. There are oil resources in the Samara (Mukhanovskoye field) and Saratov regions. The main gas fields are located in the Saratov region - Kurdyumo-Elshanskoye and Stepanovskoye.

Population and workforce

Placement and development of the main sectors of the economy

The structure of the economy is formed by intersectoral complexes. Among them, the leading role belongs to the machine-building complex, which employs a large share of labor resources and which ranks first in the Volga region in terms of production volume. Particularly distinguished is the transport engineering, and of its sub-sectors - the automotive industry. The large automobile complex KamAZ in the Nizhnekamsk region of Tatarstan (its center is the city of Naberezhnye Chelny) includes a group of plants.

The KamAZ group of companies includes 96 enterprises, including OAO Tuymazinsky Concrete Carrier Plant, OAO NEFAZ (Neftekamsk) and OAO Avtopritsep-KAMAZ (Stavropol).

The center of the automotive industry is the city of Togliatti (Samara Region), where JSC AVTOVAZ is located, which produces cars.

Small trucks and all-wheel drive minibuses are produced by the UAZ automobile plant located in Ulyanovsk.

The enterprises belonging to the SOLLERS group of companies (SOLLERS-Elabuga, SOLLERS-Naberezhnye Chelny, Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant OJSC, Zavolzhsky Motor Plant OJSC, etc.) produce Fiat Ducato cars, ISUZU trucks. SUVs SsangYong.

Vehicle maintenance plants are located in the cities of Samara. Engels. The plant for the production of trolleybuses is located in Engels (CJSC "Trolza").

The major centers of aircraft manufacturing are Samara (the aviation plant of JSC Aviakor, which produces Tu-154 aircraft, space rockets and vehicles), Saratov (production of Yak-42 aircraft).

Centers of precision engineering - Kazan. Penza, Ulyanovsk. Agricultural engineering plants operate in Saratov, Syzran, Kamenka (Penza region). In terms of the variety of machine-building products, the Volga region is second only to the Central region.

A petrochemical complex has been formed in the region. Oil refineries are located in Samara. Saratov regions. The centers of petrochemistry are Novokuibyshevsk (Samara region) and Nizhnekamsk (Tatarstan).

The electric power resources of the region are generated by the Zhigulevskaya, Saratovskaya, Volzhskaya hydroelectric power stations. There are also thermal power plants in the region: Karmanovskaya GRES, Zaikinskaya GRES, a number of large thermal power plants.

In the agro-industrial complex of the Volga region, there are branches of market specialization of the food industry - flour-grinding, oil-pressing, meat and fish.

Transport and economic relations

The Volga region exports crude oil and oil products, gas, electricity, cement, tractors, cars, aircraft, machine tools and mechanisms, fish, grain, etc. It imports timber, mineral fertilizers, machinery and equipment, light industry products. The Volga region has a developed transport network, which provides high-capacity cargo flows.

Other types of transport are also developed in the region: river, automobile, aviation, pipeline. Oil and gas pipelines connect the Volga region with many regions of the country and with foreign countries of Eastern and Western Europe.

Intra-district differences

The Nizhnekamsk industrial complex is being formed on the territory of the Samara region and Tatarstan. Unlike other TPKs, it occupies a relatively small area - 5 thousand km 2, is distinguished by its advantageous geographical location, the navigable Kama flows through its territory, the Aktash - Minnibaevo - Krugloye Pole railway passes, giving access to the highway

Moscow - Ulyanovsk - Ufa. Transport links of the Nizhnekamsk TP K are complemented by oil pipelines from Almetyevsk.

Tatarstan is one of the most economically developed republics of Russia, which is confirmed by many statistical indicators (the volume of industrial output, gross regional product per capita, etc.).

On the territory of the Yelabuga region of the Republic of Tatarstan, the SEZ of the industrial production type "Alabuga" was created to assist the development of the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation as a whole by creating the most favorable conditions for the implementation of investment projects in the field of industrial production by Russian and international companies. The industrial and production focus of the SEZ includes the production of auto components, the full cycle of automobile production, the chemical and petrochemical industry, manufacturing, pharmaceutical production, aviation production, furniture production and much more.

The branches of specialization of the Saratov region are mechanical engineering, light and food industries. The largest Balakovo nuclear power plant is located on the territory of the region.

Main problems and development prospects

Numerous enterprises of the petrochemical complex are located on the coast of the Volga and its tributaries, which leads to the irreversible degradation of the ecological system.

In order to preserve the natural and economic potential of the region, the federal target program “Improvement of the ecological situation on the Volga River and its tributaries, restoration and prevention of the degradation of natural complexes of the Volga basin for the period up to 2010” (the “Revival of the Volga” program) was adopted.

The environmental situation in the Volga River basin remains unfavorable, and the goals set when the program was approved have not been achieved. By the Decree of the Government "On the completion of the implementation of certain subprograms included in the Federal Target Program "Ecology and Natural Resources of Russia (2002-2010)", the implementation of the "Revival of the Volga" program was completed in 2004.

Economy and economy of the Middle Volga region

This area occupies the southern part of the Volga Federal District: the Republic of Tatarstan, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk and Penza regions. It is an economically developed and densely populated area. The sub-region has a favorable geographical and transport position, a developed network of railways, public roads with hard surface and water transport.

Natural resource potential. The territory of the Middle Volga stretched along the banks of the Volga. The Volga region has significant reserves of mineral raw materials. The main minerals are oil and gas. The largest deposits are located in Tatarstan: Romaitkinskoye, Almetyevskoye, Elabuga, Bavlinskoye. Pervomaiskoye and others. There are oil resources in the Samara (Mukhanovskoye field) and Saratov regions. The main gas fields are located in the Saratov region - Kurdyumo-Elshanskoye and Stepanovskoye.

The fuel industry, including oil extraction and oil refining, chemical and petrochemical, mechanical engineering and metalworking, glass and porcelain-faience and flour-grinding industries, can be considered the district's specialization branches.

The Kashpirovskoe oil shale deposit is located near Syzran.

Population. The most densely populated territories of the Volga valley are in the Samara and Ulyanovsk regions and in Tatarstan.

The population of the Volga region is distinguished by the diversity of the national composition. With the predominant Russian population, a significant share in the structure of the population is occupied by Tatars, Kalmyks.

The population of the Volga region is characterized by its high concentration in the regional centers and the capital of Tatarstan. The population of Kazan, Samara exceeds one million inhabitants.

The labor resources of the Volga region are highly qualified, which is determined by the specialization of the regions. Scientific research of both fundamental and applied nature is developed in industrial centers.

Economy. The economic complex of the Middle Volga region began to take shape even in the pre-revolutionary years, and this development was largely determined by the Volga, on the way of which large transshipment and trading points arose.

In the structure of the economy, the existing intersectoral complexes stand out. Among them, the leading role belongs to the machine-building complex, which employs a large share of labor resources and which ranks first in the Volga region in terms of production volume. Particularly distinguished is the transport engineering, and of its sub-sectors - the automotive industry. The large automobile complex KamAZ in the Nizhnekamsk region of Tatarstan includes a group of plants. Center - Naberezhnye Chelny.

The center of the automotive industry is Togliatti (Samara region), where AvtoVAZ is located, which produces cars. The Avto-UAZ automobile plant is located in Ulyanovsk and is a manufacturer of small trucks and all-wheel drive minibuses. Automotive service plants are located in

Samara, Engels. The plant for the production of trolleybuses is located in the city of Engels. A complex for the production of passenger cars "Oka" was built in Yelabuga.

The major centers of aircraft manufacturing are Samara (the aviation plant of JSC Aviakor, which produces Tu-154 aircraft, space rockets and vehicles), Saratov (production of Yak-42 aircraft).

Centers for precision engineering - Kazan, Penza, Ulyanovsk. Agricultural engineering plants operate in Saratov, Syzran, Kamenka (Penza region). In terms of the variety of machine-building products, the Volga region is second only to the Central region.

A petrochemical complex has been formed in the region. Oil refineries are located in the Samara and Saratov regions. The centers of petrochemistry are Novokuibyshevsk (Samara region) and Nizhnekamsk (Tatarstan).

The electric power industry of the region is represented by hydroelectric power plants operating in the integrated system: Samara, Saratov, Nizhnekamsk. There are also thermal power plants in the region: Karmanovskaya GRES, Zaikinskaya GRES, a number of large thermal power plants.

The branch of market specialization of the Volga region is the production of building materials, especially cement. In the Volga cities and suburbs, sawmilling and the woodworking industry have long been developed.

Light industry is developing in the Volga region: the largest fur combine is located in Kazan, and enterprises of the woolen industry are located in Ulyanovsk and Penza.

The agro-industrial complex is of all-Russian importance. The district holds a leading position in Russia in the production of grain, including valuable grain crops - wheat, as well as rice, gourds, vegetables, mustard, and meat. The Volga region is also a producer of sunflower, milk, and wool. Agriculture is characterized by high efficiency, which is associated with very favorable natural conditions. The main reserve for the development of the agro-industrial complex is the deepening of its specialization, taking into account the environmental situation.

In the agro-industrial complex of the Volga region, there are branches of market specialization of the food industry - flour-grinding, oil-pressing, meat and fish.

Transport. The Volga region exports crude oil and oil products, gas, electricity, cement, tractors, cars, aircraft, machine tools and mechanisms, fish, grain, etc. It imports timber, mineral fertilizers, machinery and equipment, light industry products. The Volga region has a developed transport network, which provides high-capacity cargo flows.

Rail transport plays a major role. The Volga region is crossed by highways: Moscow - Kazan - Yekaterinburg; Moscow - Syzran - Samara - Chelyabinsk; Rtishchevo - Saratov - Uralsk (connects the Volga region with Ukraine and Kazakhstan); Inza - Ulyanovsk - Melekes - Ufa; meridional road: Sviyazhsk - Ulyanovsk - Syzran - Ilovlya. Other types of transport are also developed in the region: river, automobile, aviation, pipeline. Oil and gas pipelines connect the Volga region with many regions of the country and with foreign countries of Eastern and Western Europe.

Intra-district differences. The Nizhnekamsk industrial complex is being formed on the territory of the Samara region and Tatarstan. Unlike other TPK, it occupies a relatively small area - 5 thousand km 2. The TPK is distinguished by its advantageous geographical position, the navigable Kama flows through its territory, the Aktash - Minnibayevo - Krugloye Pole railway passes, giving access to the Moscow -

Ulyanovsk - Ufa. The transport links of the Nizhnekamsk TPK are complemented by oil pipelines from Almetyevsk.

Tatarstan is one of the most economically developed republics of Russia, which is confirmed by many statistical indicators (the volume of industrial output, gross regional product per capita, etc.).

Engineering, light industry, food industry and agriculture are developed in the Penza and Ulyanovsk regions. Ulyanovsk is a large industrial center; an automobile plant, a plant for heavy machine tools operate in the city, and the electrical industry is developed. Penza is a center of mechanical engineering, whose factories produce computers, watches, and technological equipment.

The Saratov region is sometimes referred to as the Lower Volga region, the branches of specialization are mechanical engineering, light and food industries. The largest Balakovo nuclear power plant is located on the territory of the region.

Main problems and development prospects. Environmental problems are manifested in the violation of land by mining, secondary salinization of soils. Large environmental damage is caused by industrial emissions and transport to the water and fish resources of the region.

Numerous enterprises of the petrochemical complex are located on the coast of the Volga and its tributaries, which leads to the irreversible degradation of the ecological system.

In order to preserve the natural and economic potential of the region, a federal target program "Improving the ecological situation on the Volga River and its tributaries, restoring and preventing the degradation of natural complexes of the Volga basin for the period up to 2010" (the "Revival of the Volga" program) was adopted.

Volga region- the territory adjacent to the middle and lower reaches of the Volga and economically gravitating towards it. Within the Volga region, a relatively elevated right bank with the Volga Upland and a left bank stand out - the so-called. Zavolzhye. In natural terms, the regions located in the upper reaches of the Volga are sometimes also referred to the Volga region.

Once the Volga region was part of the Volga Bulgaria, the Polovtsian Steppe, the Golden Horde and Russia.

The following areas of the Volga region are distinguished:

Upper Volga (from the source to the mouth of the Oka) - Tver, Moscow, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo and Nizhny Novgorod regions;

Middle Volga (from the right tributary of the Sura to the southern edge of the Samara Luka) - Chuvashia, Mari El, Tatarstan, Ulyanovsk and Samara regions;

Lower Volga (from the confluence of the Kama [officially, but not hydrologically] to the Caspian Sea) - the Republic of Tatarstan, Ulyanovsk, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd regions, the Republic of Kalmykia and the Astrakhan region.

After the construction of the Kuibyshev reservoir, the boundary between the middle and lower Volga is usually considered to be the Zhigulevskaya HPP upstream of Samara.

Volga ethnonym: Volzhans.

The relief is flat, dominated by lowlands and hilly plains. The climate is temperate continental and continental. Summer is warm, with average monthly air temperature in July +22° - +25°С; winter is quite cold, the average monthly air temperature in January and February is ?10° - ?15°C. The average annual rainfall in the north is 500-600 mm, in the south 200-300 mm. Natural zones: mixed forest (Tatarstan), forest-steppe (Tatarstan (partial), Samara, Penza, Ulyanovsk, Saratov regions), steppe (Saratov (partial) and Volgograd regions), semi-deserts (Kalmykia, Astrakhan region). The southern part of the territory is characterized by dust storms and dry winds in the warm half of the year (from April to October).

Volga Federal District

Center - Nizhny Novgorod. The territory of the district is 6.08% of the territory of the Russian Federation. The population of the Volga Federal District as of January 1, 2008 is 30 million 241 thousand 583 people. (21.4% of the population of Russia). The basis of the population are the townspeople. For example, in the Samara region, this figure is more than 80%, which is generally slightly higher than the national figure (about 73%).

Volga-Vyatka economic region

Located on the middle Volga. The territory of the district is stretched from the southwest to the northeast for 1000 km and is located in various natural zones: the northern part is in the forest taiga and the southern part is in the forest-steppe. The area is located in Central Russia, in the basins of the navigable rivers Volga, Oka, Vyatka, borders and is in close economic connection with the Central, Volga, Ural and Northern regions. Population - 7.5 million people. (2010). The average population density is 32 people/km², the population is very uneven. The majority of the population is Russian, in addition, Mari, Erzya, Chuvash, Tatars, Udmurts live here. The level of urbanization is quite high - 70%, and out of 7.5 million, 2 million live in the Nizhny Novgorod agglomeration.

Povo? Lzhsky economic region is one of 11 economic regions of the Russian Federation, consists of 8 federal subjects:

Republic Tatarstan
Astrakhan region
Volgograd region
Penza region
Samara Region
Saratov region
Ulyanovsk region
Republic of Kalmykia

Located on the lower Volga. The area of the territory is 537.4 thousand km², the population is 17 million people, the population density is 25 people / km². The share of the population living in cities is 74%. The Volga economic region includes 94 cities, 3 million-plus cities (Samara, Kazan, Volgograd), 12 subjects of the federation. It borders in the north with the Volga-Vyatka region, in the south with the Caspian Sea, in the east with the Ural region and Kazakhstan, in the west - with the Central Black Earth region and the North Caucasus. The economic axis is the Volga River.

The main branches of specialization: oil and gas production, oil and petrochemical industry, mechanical engineering (especially the automotive industry).

In agriculture: oilseeds, cereals and vegetables and gourds. Animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, sheep breeding, pig breeding).

A feature of the geographical position of the region is its length along the Volga for almost 1500 km, which affects the economic activity, location and functions of settlements at all stages of development. The center of the economic region is located in the city of Samara. The Volga economic region is also divided into two main industrial zones:

Volga-Kama
Nizhnevolzhskaya

The Volga-Kama zone includes: Samara, Penza, Ulyanovsk regions and the Republic of Tatarstan. The center of the Volga-Kama industrial zone of the Volga economic region is located in the city of Kazan.
The Lower Volga industrial zone includes: Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov regions, as well as the Republic of Kalmykia. The center of the Nizhnevolzhskaya industrial zone of the Povolzhsky economic region is located in the city of Volgograd.

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