I'll tell you about old things,
Yes, about the old, about the experienced,
Yes, about battles, yes, about battles,
Yes, about heroic deeds!
I, as a teacher of the preparatory group, decided to dedicate one of my projects to the formation of patriotic feelings in children and, as part of the long-term project “Epic heroes - the first defenders of the Russian land”, to acquaint preschoolers with the life of ancient Russia, its heroes, commanders, heroic events that took place in Russia. The formation of a person as a citizen, in my opinion, should begin with his small homeland. Love for the big must be instilled from the small. The feeling of the homeland begins with admiration for what the child sees in front of him, what he is amazed at and what causes a response in his soul. And although many impressions are not yet deeply realized by him, they play a huge role in the formation of the personality of a young patriot. The education of patriotic feelings in preschool children is one of the tasks of moral education. It includes the education of love for one's neighbors and one's home, for a kindergarten and one's hometown, for one's country. This work cannot be fully realized without involving oral folk art in it.
At present, life dictates the need to return to the priorities of love for the Fatherland. However, an analysis of the current situation shows that children, starting from preschool age, suffer from a lack of knowledge about the outstanding defenders of the Fatherland, about the events of the military history of our country, about the achievements and greatness of Russia's historical past.
It is important to convey the idea to the children: after many, many years, people remember the historical events, the terrible war years, honor the memory of the dead, surround with attention and love the people who defended our Motherland.
And I tried not only to acquaint children with epics, but also to beat them.
We will begin an amazing journey that I am sure the children will remember forever. Years will pass, children will become adults, but the heroes we will meet in our travels will accompany them all their lives.
So, I want to go on a journey through Russian epics. Epics are an echo of the past, the very one that we study and treat with care. The future is built on the basis of the past. This is a fairy tale and a true story at the same time, and a song, and a verse, and just a story.
Epics do not have one author. They were composed by the Russian people. He composed in those ancient times, when our Motherland - Russia - was called Rus. That was a long time ago. Then there was no written language, people could not write down what they composed or saw, so epic stories were memorized and passed from grandfather to father, from father to son, from son to grandson. The storytellers tried to convey what they heard word for word, so the epics have come down to us through many, many times almost unchanged. Through epics, we learn how people lived in Ancient Russia, what events took place there.
Previously, epics were also called "old people", that is, a story about what happened in the old days. People believed that these events were not fictional, but real, only very old.
Epics appeared even when there were no books. Therefore, epics, or antiquities, were not read, but they said - they sang. While singing, they played along on the harp.
The performers of epics were called storytellers. Few knew how to say epics. The storytellers were revered and expressed all respect to them. They went from village to village and spoke in a singsong voice (like a song) about the heroes-heroes, about their exploits. They talked about how it was. About the deeds and victories of the heroes, about how they overcame evil enemies, defended their land, showed their courage, courage, ingenuity, kindness.
This is how the epic went. In the Russian people for many centuries, epics about mighty heroes passed from mouth to mouth, from grandfather to grandson. The epics reflected the life of the Russian people, which was very difficult in Russia. The heroes worked hard because they were powerful and strong. Epics told about the exploits of heroes - powerful and fearless warriors with great strength. They ride in the open field on heroic horses. The horses of the heroes are also not simple: they can sense danger and talk. If two heroes meet, they measure their strength with each other: this is their heroic amusements. And then the earth shakes, as if two mountains collided.
But when the native land is in danger, the heroes go to battle with the enemy. No matter how strong the enemy is, no matter what countless hordes he brings with him, the heroes invariably win in battle.
Thus, introducing children to epics is a means of forming patriotic feelings in them and developing spirituality. As D.S. Likhachev noted, “we should not forget about our cultural past, about our monuments, literature, language, painting: National differences remain in the 21st century if we are concerned with the education of souls, and not just the transfer of knowledge.” That is why the native culture, like father and mother, should become an integral part of the soul of the child, the beginning that generates the personality.
Bylina "How Ilya from Murom became a hero"
In ancient times, lived near the city of Murom, in the village of Karacharovo, a peasant Ivan Timofeevich with his wife Efrosinya Yakovlevna.
They had one son, Ilya.
His father and mother loved him, but they only cried, looking at him: for thirty years Ilya has been lying on the stove, not moving his hand or foot. And the hero Ilya is tall, and his mind is bright, and his eyes are sharp-sighted, but his legs do not wear, like logs lie, do not move.
Ilya hears, lying on the stove, how the mother cries, the father sighs, the Russian people complain: enemies attack Russia, trample the fields, people are killed, orphans are children. Robbers prowl along the paths, they do not give people either passage or passage. The Serpent Gorynych flies into Russia, drags the girls into his lair.
Bitterly, Ilya, hearing about all this, complains about his fate:
Oh you, my feet are unsteady, oh you, my uncontrollable hands! If I were healthy, the days didn’t go like that, the months rolled ...
Once upon a time, father and mother went to the forest to uproot stumps, tear out roots, and prepare the field for plowing. And Ilya lies alone on the stove, looking out the window.
Suddenly he sees - three beggar wanderers are coming up to his hut.
They stood at the gate, knocked with an iron ring and said:
Get up, Ilya, open the gate.
You, strangers, joke evil jokes: for thirty years I've been sitting on the stove, I can't get up.
And you get up, Ilyushenka.
Ilya rushed - and jumped off the stove, stands on the floor and does not believe his own luck.
Come on, take a walk, Ilya.
Ilya stepped once, stepped another - his legs hold him tightly, his legs carry him easily.
Ilya was delighted, he could not say a word for joy. And the passers-by say to him:
Bring me some cold water, Ilyusha.
Ilya brought a bucket of cold water.
The wanderer poured water into the ladle.
Drink up, Ilya. In this bucket is the water of all rivers, all lakes of Mother Russia.
Ilya drank and felt the heroic strength in himself. And the Kaliki ask him:
Do you feel a lot of strength in yourself?
Lots of strangers. If I had a shovel, I would plow the whole earth.
Drink, Ilya, the rest. In that remnant of the whole earth there is dew, from green meadows, from high forests, from grain-growing fields. Drink.
Ilya drank and the rest.
And now you have a lot of power in you?
Oh, passing Kaliki, there is so much strength in me that if there was a ring in the sky, I would grab it and turn the whole earth over.
There is too much strength in you, you need to reduce it, otherwise the earth will not bear you. Bring some more water.
Ilya went through the water, but the earth really does not carry him: his foot in the ground, in a swamp, gets stuck, he grabbed an oak tree - an oak with a root out, the chain from the well, like a thread, was torn to pieces.
Already Ilya steps quietly, and under him the floorboards break. Already Ilya speaks in a whisper, and the doors are torn off their hinges.
Ilya brought water, the wanderers poured more ladles.
Drink, Ilya!
Ilya drank the well water.
How many strengths do you have now?
I have half strength in me.
Well, it will be with you, well done. You will be, Ilya, a great hero, fight, fight with the enemies of your native land, with robbers and monsters. Protect widows, orphans, little children. Only never, Ilya, do not argue with Svyatogor, his land carries through force. You do not quarrel with Mikula Selyaninovich, his mother loves him - the damp earth. Do not go to Volga Vseslavevich, he will not take it by force, so by cunning-wisdom. And now goodbye, Ilya.
Ilya bowed to the passers-by, and they left for the outskirts.
And Ilya took an ax and went to reap to his father and mother. He sees that a small place has been cleared of stump-roots, and his father and mother, exhausted from hard work, are sleeping soundly: people are old, and the work is hard.
Ilya began to clear the forest - only chips flew. Old oaks with one stroke bring down, young with a root from the earth tears. In three hours he cleared as much fields as the whole village could not master in three days. He ruined a great field, lowered the trees into a deep river, stuck an ax into an oak stump, grabbed a shovel and a rake and dug up and leveled a wide field - just know to sow with grain!
Father and mother woke up, they were surprised, delighted, with a kind word they remembered the old wanderers.
And Ilya went to look for a horse.
He went out of the village and sees: a peasant is leading a red, shaggy, mangy colt. The whole price of a foal is worthless, but the peasant demands exorbitant money for him: fifty and a half rubles.
Ilya bought a foal, brought it home, put it in the stable, fattened it with white wheat, soldered it with spring water, cleaned it, groomed it, put fresh straw on it.
Three months later, Ilya Burushka began to lead out into the meadows at dawn. The foal rolled in the dawn dew, became a heroic horse.
Ilya led him to a high tyn. The horse began to play, dance, turn his head, shake his mane. He began to jump back and forth over the tyn. He jumped over ten times and did not touch his hoof. Ilya put a heroic hand on Burushka - the horse did not stagger, did not move.
Good horse, - says Ilya. He will be my true friend.
Ilya began to look for a sword in his hand. As he squeezes the hilt of the sword in his fist, the hilt will crush, crumble. Ilya has no sword in his hand. Ilya threw swords to the women to chip a torch. He himself went to the forge, forged three arrows for himself, each arrow weighing a whole pood. He made himself a tight bow, took a long spear, and even a damask club.
Ilya got dressed and went to his father and mother:
Let me go, father and mother, to the capital city of Kyiv to Prince Vladimir. I will serve Russia with my native faith-truth, protect the Russian land from enemies-enemies.
Says old Ivan Timofeevich:
I bless you for good deeds, but there is no blessing for bad deeds. Defend our Russian land not for gold, not out of self-interest, but for honor, for heroic glory. In vain do not shed human blood, do not cry mothers and do not forget that you are a black, peasant family.
Ilya bowed to his father and mother to the damp earth and went to saddle Burushka-Kosmatushka. He put felts on the horse, and sweatshirts on the felts, and then a Cherkasy saddle with twelve silk girths, and with the thirteenth - iron, not for beauty, but for strength.
Ilya wanted to try his strength.
He drove up to the Oka River, rested his shoulder against a high mountain that was on the shore, and dumped it into the Oka River. The mountain blocked the channel, the river flowed in a new way.
Ilya took a rye crust loaf, lowered it into the Oka River, the Oke River himself said:
And thank you, mother Oka-river, for giving water, for feeding Ilya of Muromets.
In parting, he took with him a small handful of his native land, mounted a horse, waved his whip ...
People saw how Ilya jumped on a horse, but they did not see where he rode. Only the dust rose in a column across the field.
Assignments to the epic "How Ilya from Murom became a hero"
Exercise "Who can guess?"
(Children answer questions on the epic read “How Ilya from Murom became a hero”)
- What was the name of the hero in the epic read? (Ilya);
- How many years did he lie on the stove? (Thirty years);
- Who helped Ilya get up from the stove? (Three poor wanderers);
- What kind of medicine helped the hero get stronger? (Cold water from a well);
- What was the name of the horse of Ilya Muromets? (Buran-Burushka);
- What weapon did the hero forge for himself? (three arrows, a tight bow, a spear, a damask club);
- Where was Ilya Muromets born, in what city? (city of Murom);
- What city did Ilya Muromets go to? (Kyiv-grad);
- What prince did the bogatyr go to serve? (to Vladimir)
Dynamic pause "We are now heroes"
Let's stand together one - two - three(children walk in place)
We are now rich!(arms bent at the elbows, showing strength)
We will present the palm to the eyes, (the right hand is brought with a visor to the eyes)
Let's spread our strong legs,
Turning to the right - look around majestically.
And to the left, too, we must look majestically.
Tilt left - right(hands on the belt, tilt left - right)
Turns out to fame!
Exercise "Gather the hero on the road"
Exercise "Who is who?"
(Heroes: Ilya Muromets, Svyatogor, Mikula Selyanovich, Volga Vseslavievich )
Exercise: "What is a hero like?"
(Children stand in a circle, the leader throws the ball, the children return it (the ball) naming the character trait of the hero)
- wise,
- cunning,
- noble,
- strong,
- fair,
- fearless,
- bold,
- brave…
Exercise-game "Yes - no"
(Children answer YES or NO questions)
Our motherland is strong (yeah)
And we have one (yeah)
There are heroes in Russia (yes)
They are always praise and honor (yeah)
Ilya Muromets hero (yes)
He was the youngest (no)
He defeated the nightingale (yeah)
Shot from a machine gun (no)
Alyosha Popovich is also a hero (yes)
He's strong, brave, young (yeah)
Karabas won the battle (yes)
Heroes fought with the enemy on tanks (no)
They fought with sword and spear (yeah)
Dobrynya Nikitich was weak and frail (no)
He managed to defeat the snake with his strength (yes)
We are proud of our heroes (yes)
Do we want to be the same ourselves (yeah)
Exercise "Bogatyr and faithful horse"
(Children are divided into two teams and assemble a hero and a horse from the cut parts).
Maze exercise "Defeat the dragon"
slide 2
Heroes are the heroes of Russian epics who performed feats in the name of the Motherland, a man of immense strength, stamina, courage, endowed with an extraordinary mind and ingenuity.
- Victor Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs on horseback." 1896.
slide 3
Behind the name of each of the epic heroes is a specific person who lived a long time ago in Russia, and who accomplished his feats only in epics, their characters are embellished by the people.
The storyteller went from village to village and spoke in a singsong voice (like a song) about the heroes-heroes, about their exploits. He talked about how it happened. About the deeds and victories of the heroes, about how they overcame evil enemies, defended their land, showed their courage, courage, ingenuity, kindness.
- Konstantin Vasiliev "Russian Knight"
slide 4
The narrator said this:
I'll tell you about old things,
Yes, about the old, about the experienced,
Yes, about battles, yes, about battles,
Yes, about heroic deeds!
slide 5
This is how the epic went. In the Russian people for many centuries, epics about mighty heroes passed from mouth to mouth, from grandfather to grandson.
The epics reflected the life of the Russian people, which was very difficult in Russia. Almost every epic mentions Kyiv, Russia, Russian land, Motherland, Russia - what beautiful and mysterious words.
Rus. A very short word. It came to us from hoary antiquity and has remained with us forever.
slide 6
MIKULA SELYANINOVICH
MIKULA SELYANINOVICH
He is a representative of agricultural life, possessing not quantitative, like Svyatogor, but qualitative strength, which can be called endurance.
Bylina says this about him:
He will turn the stone with one hand,
And with two hands he will knock down the bull,
His name is Mikula Selyaninovich.
Mikula Selyaninovich helped defend his land from enemies, but he did not give up his agricultural work. He said: “Who will feed Russia then?”
It is found in 2 epics: about Svyatogor and about Volga Svyatoslavich.
Slide 7
- Georgy Yudin Mikula Selyaninovich and Svyatogor.
- Konstantin Vasilyev "Meeting of Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich"
Slide 8
VOLGA VSESLAVIEVICH
The main epics about Volga tell about his miraculous birth from a snake, a trip to India and a confrontation with Mikula Selyaninovich.
Volga Svyatoslavovich, a werewolf and a hunter, is one of the most ancient heroes.
VOLGA VSESLAVIEVICH
Slide 9
Konstantin Vasiliev "Volga Svyatoslavovich"
Slide 10
The most famous epic heroes:
- Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich,
- Nikitich.
- V.M.Vasnetsov "Heroes".
slide 11
ILYA MUROMETS
The representative of all Russian heroes and in the eyes of the people is a representative of the peasant class.
Ilya is distinguished by tremendous strength that other younger heroes do not possess, but this strength is not quantitative, but qualitative, and physical strength is accompanied by moral strength: calmness, steadfastness, simplicity, paternal care, restraint, complacency, modesty, independence of character.
slide 12
- Monument to Ilya Muromets in Murom.
slide 13
ALYOSHA POPOVICH
Alyosha Popovich is closely connected with Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitych: he is in constant relationship with them. In addition, between Alyosha and Dobrynya there is a striking similarity not in characters, but in adventures and some other circumstances of their life; namely, the epics about the snake-fighting of Dobrynya and Alyosha are almost completely similar to each other.
!Do not trample on their horses the Russian Land
Do not overshadow our red sun!
Russia stands for a century - it does not stagger!
And it will stand for centuries - it will not move!
And the legends of old
We must not forget.
Glory to Russian antiquity!
Glory to the Russian side!
View all slides
KU "SRTSN "Harmony"
"Bogatyrs - defenders of the Russian land"
Educator: Chebanenko. O. A.
Purpose: Introducing children to the spiritual and moral-patriotic values of society.
Event progress.
The organized activities of children are carried out in the music hall, the windows are curtained, the hall is decorated in the spirit of Ancient Russia, the walls are “wooden”, icons in the Red Corner, a spinning wheel, embroidered towels, etc ... Images are hung on the walls - symbols of the heroic era - a sword , shield, bow and arrows in a quiver, mace, club, elements of clothes and equipment of heroes.
The group includes a teacher in a Russian national costume.
Educator: Hello, good fellows and red girls!
Children greet.
Educator: Now you will listen to the song and try to formulate the topic of our lesson.
The teacher sings a song to the motive of the Three White Horses "Bogatyrs"
On the motive of three white horses
Cars park and honk loudly
And get nowhere
it's a traffic jam in the city today
traffic jam in every city today
oh trouble, trouble, trouble, trouble, trouble.
But ringing with a girth
And driving in the opposite direction
Domchatsya in any region 2 times
Three strong horses
no three sharp horses
Dobrynya, Alyosha, Ilya.
And what kind of transport is our bird troika
All traffic lights contrary
Troika is rushing, you try tronka
Rushing fun and her a few
Not roads fearless not fools
And in the middle of the night and day it's hotter than fire
Flying over a huge country
Three frisky horses, 2 times
Oh three sharp horses
Bay, black, tribal.
And us any end of the big world
Getting brothers is not a question
We have no competitors in the market
We are not dependent on oil prices
But only for oats, oats, oats.
And takes you away, and takes you away
Dispel sadness and sadness
Such a fate, oh such a fate
Throw hooves into the distance
And ringing and keeping the horse of a fairy tale faithful
Friends rush headlong
Three glorious horses, 2 times
the three most important horses
Dobrynya, Alyosha, Ilya.
Now we will make a journey into the past, when foreign invaders attacked Russian lands, and our brave, brave heroes became defenders.
It is good to live in Mother Russia, our country is great and powerful, it is widely spread over the fields and through the forests. There are many riches here, a lot of red fish, and valuable fur, a lot of berries and mushrooms .... Only it became restless in the kingdom - our state. Dark forces and all sorts of evil spirits have gotten into the habit of attacking us...
The light goes out, the sounds of howling, whistling, stomping of horses are heard, Baba Yaga, the Nightingale the Robber, the Serpent-Gorynych and the Tatar-Mongol horsemen appear.
Educator:
Oh guys! What a trouble! The evil spirits attacked us, they will cut down our fellows and pay tribute to us. Guys, do you know who this is? Let me help you:
Nightingale whistle
Eagle eye
Not a beast, not a hunter
BUT ( the nightingale the robber)
Because of the hills and fields
A beast appeared
In the nostrils he breathed fire
The night became like day
He stole the fun
Dragged into the oak forest
(Dragon )
Educator:
What do we do? Who will help us now?
The bell rings (musical accompaniment).
Let's call the alarm now, we will call the heroes. Since ancient times, the bell has been helping people, when something bad happens, it immediately rings, calls everyone for help ...
Heroes appear in the hall, the evil spirit leaves, and the heroes, together with the children, sing the song “Our Heroic Strength”
"Our heroic strength"
That not formidable sky frowns,
Blades do not sparkle in the steppe, -
These are the fathers of Ilya Muromets
The students came out to fight!
The winds pray for their victory,
Thorns and crowns await them.
Good fellows roamed
Well done lads!..
Chorus:
Oh, yes, you need to live beautifully,
Oh, yes, we need to live apart!
Our heroic strength -
Strength of mind and willpower.
Our heroic rule -
I need to help a friend in need
Defend the right thing in the fight,
Overcome the force with force.
Chorus.
The soul blossomed from the immensity
And my fields, and love ...
The strength of courage, the strength of tenderness
Let's celebrate the beauty of the earth!
Chorus.
Educator:
And here are our defenders! Guys, do you know who this is?
Children: heroes ...
Educator:
And who are the rich?
Children:
These are the people who protect our Motherland from enemies.
Three heroes come out (three children in suits, bow low, introduce themselves:
Ilya Muromets: - I am Ilya, a Russian hero from the city of Murom. That's why my name is Ilya Muromets. For thirty years I sat on the stove, lived without grieve. When I heard that filthy infidels came to our land, I hurried to help you
Nikitich:- And I - Dobrynya Nikitich - is smart, stocky and strong. We will not let you offend, we will show them something ....
Alyosha Popovich: - I am Alyosha Popovich, the priest's son, I am ready to faithfully protect and protect from foreign invaders ...
Educator:
That's right guys. Heroes are people of great strength, stamina, courage, performing feats. Bogatyrs have always guarded our Motherland from enemies, not even a bird will fly past them, the beast will not slip through ... and the enemy can’t even get through ... Guys, in kindergarten we read a lot of fairy tales and epics about warriors and defenders of the Russian land. Let's remember what these works are called?
Children:
- "Tugarin the Serpent", "Nikita Kozhemyaka", "The Nightingale the Robber" ...
Educator:
What other heroes do you know?
Children:
Mikhailo Potyk, Stavr Godinovich, Peresvet, Mikula Selyanovich, Volga Vseslavovich ....
Educator:
And let's do a warm-up together with the heroes. (Children repeat the movements of the heroes) The music “Bogatyrskaya” sounds (Appendix 3)
What a rich man he is...
He's strong, he's healthy...
He shot with a bow...
Accurately threw a club ...
On the border was...
Vigilantly - vigilantly observed ...
We grow up and see
Let's become rich!
Educator:
Well, it's time to test our heroic strength! Let's play the game "Who will drive the car faster"
The mobile game “Who will roll the car faster”: the children are divided into two teams and, at the signal of the teacher, they begin to compete in speed and dexterity.
Educator:
Oh, guys, how strong and brave you are ... Thank you all, sit down.
Educator:
Ilyusha, hero, tell us what kind of clothes you are wearing so unusual.
Bogatyr Ilya - Murometsdescribes his clothes and explains their purpose
This is a shirt - it is pleasant to the body, it warms in the cold, and cools in the heat.
This is iron chain mail - it protects the chest and back from enemy arrows
These are armor - they protect the body from the enemy sword and ax
This is a helmet - it protects our heads
Educator:
Alyosha Popovich, what kind of weapon do you have in your hands?
(The hero talks about the types of weapons and their purpose.)
Alyosha Popovich:
This is a sword - to cut down the enemies of the Russian land.
This is a shield - to reflect the blows of enemies
This is a prickly club - to demolish the heads of the infidels
This is a merciless flail - the enemy cannot escape unscathed ...
This is a bow and arrows. Beware the bastard! You can't hide in the forest or under the mountain!
Educator:
How well you speak! The kids are very interested!
And tell us, Dobrynushka the hero, how do you choose horses for yourself?
Nikitich:
And we choose horses to match ... strong and skittish, hardy and courageous. And if the horses were skinny and weak, how would they withstand us?
Educator:
Thank you for the story! Guys, let's help the hero get ready for the journey.
Didactic game "Collect the hero on the road" Cards with images are distributed: a heroic helmet, a hat with earflaps, a Roman helmet, a German helmet, chain mail, a jacket, a tie, a kosovorotka shirt, iron armor and weapons: a saber, a sword, a mace, a brush, scissors , pistol, machine gun, dagger, etc. And the children are invited to choose the correct option.
Educator:
So thank you guys! With such equipment, the enemy will never defeat us!
Bogatyrs read poems:
Three defenders, three brothers, three heroes
Russia is rich in warriors for good reason!
There is no return from the battlefield, behind Russia
Mother - the earth, native huts
Hey, bolder guys!
Sword and bow, spear, mace,
Shield and faithful horse
Enemy, do not touch your native power!
Protects Russia by right
Heroic Russian glory
Battle fire!
The lights go out, the sounds of howling, whistling, horses stomping, screams are heard (musical accompaniment - Appendix 1, Baba Yaga, the Nightingale the Robber, the Gorynych Serpent and the Tatar-Mongol horsemen appear.
Educator:
Again, different evil spirits attacked the Russian land. Help us, heroes!
A battle scene is played out between the heroes and evil spirits. As a result, the heroes drive the evil spirits out of the Russian land (the evil spirits leave the hall).
Educator:
Oh, goy-thou, Svyatorusichs are heroes, you saddled faithful horses, but you stood for faith and the Fatherland. Low bow to you from all Russia!
The heroes bow and leave.
Educator:
Tell me guys, what famous artists famous artists glorified the exploits of Russian heroes in their paintings?
Children:
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov painting "Heroes".
Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich in the painting: "Fight with a snake"
and other answers ... (the teacher accompanies the children's answers by showing reproductions of paintings)
Educator:
And now I invite you to play.
The game "Tell and explain" is being played. Children are divided into two teams: one team chooses a heroic proverb and explains its meaning, then the second team explains its meaning.
Think with your head, but fight with force.
Life is given for good deeds.
Die yourself - and save a comrade
To live - to serve the Motherland.
Not the hero who is waiting for the award, but the one who goes for the people!
If friendship is great, the Motherland will be strong!
Own land and in a handful is sweet.
Not armor paints a hero, but feats.
Educator:
What good fellows! They all know, everyone can explain... Take a seat at the tables, a very exciting task awaits you.
You need to mold the weapons of heroes from plasticine, the one that you like best.
Educator:
Well, our fascinating journey into the past has come to an end. Today we learned a lot about the life of our ancestors - the Slavs, played - managed to overcome all difficulties and obstacles, and even helped the heroes to cope with evil spirits. Everyone was great, they did all the tasks well, they were attentive, quick-witted, dexterous and courageous.
And at the end of our lesson, our heroes will perform one more song "Four heroes"
Lyrics of Song "Four Heroes"
Words and music by Sergei Yarushin
I just love history books
Distant times, Kievan Rus...
Sometimes I fly in a time machine
There I boldly fight for the Russian land.
Pechenegs, Polovtsians prowling along the border,
Greedy hunters for other people's good,
But the heroic strength stands on the borders,
We can easily cope with the four of us:
Chorus. Dobrynya Nikitich, Muromets Ilya
Alyosha Popovich, and the fourth is me.
Following the Pechenegs, the formidable Khazars
Our cities are besieged by clouds.
Oh, you, epic Russia, serious times,
You never lived in peace.
Horses beat with their hooves, sensing a fierce battle.
Basurmane, where are you? Well, let's be bold!
We will not spare the belly, but for the Russian land
Beware, uninvited guest, heroes!
Chorus.
Nomads will remember this battle forever,
How the club walked over thin bodies.
And Kyiv-grad greeted us with ringing - a bell ringer,
And the domes shone with gold.
Nightingale robbers, ashes from a conflagration ...
We will find the evil good force,
Well, it will be famously for us, we will call our comrade,
We'll call Sasha Zarubin.
Chorus.
Dobrynya, Alyosha, Muromets Ilya
And Sasha Zarubin. And Sasha is me.
Chorus.
And in conclusion, for the good work, I want to give you gifts - photographs where you are dressed in the costumes of a hero. I hope that today's lesson will be remembered for a long time. And I hope that in the future you will act like our defenders - heroes. Thank you for your attention.
Goals:
- To acquaint children with the great canvas of the artist V. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs", with the names of Russian heroes Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich.
- To instill in children pride in their ancestors, to make them feel their involvement in the history of our great people.
- To teach to answer the questions posed coherently and consistently, to describe the appearance of the heroes and the surrounding landscape; talk about the characters of the characters and the mood of the picture; use synonyms and comparisons in speech.
Materials:
Reproduction of "Bogatyrs" painting by artist V. Vasnetsov; large illustrations depicting forests, fields, meadows, rivers, mountains; map of Russia, books about heroes, slides; the sound recording of the song “Our Heroic Strength” by A. Pakhmutova to the verses by N. Dobronravov, the sound recording of “Dawn on the Moscow River” by M. Mussorgsky from the opera “Khovanshchina”, the sound recording of “On Native Soil” performed by Savinov.
Vocabulary work:
Russia, ancestors, Slavs, heroes, epics; armor - clothes of heroes (chain mail, shield, helmet, armor, aventail); weapons of heroes (spear, sword, bow with arrows, mace).
Lesson progress
The music "On native soil" performed by Savinov sounds. Children enter the hall and look around.
Teacher. Guys, we live in a country that has an amazingly beautiful name - Russia. There are many wonderful countries on Earth, people live everywhere, but Russia is the only, extraordinary country, because it is our Motherland. Motherland means native. Like mother and father.
Approach the map. Look, please, what it is - our Motherland.
Children. Big, huge, immense, beautiful, rich. There are oceans and seas, rivers and lakes, mountains, forests and fields. Russia is the biggest country in the world.
Teacher. Has our country always been like this?
Children. She was smaller. Not so pretty. Not many people lived here.
Teacher. More than a thousand years ago, the Russian state was formed. It was called Rus. At first it was small, but for our ancestors - the Slavs, it was the Motherland.
Today we will talk about the past of our Motherland. About our ancestors. Who are the ancestors?
Children. These are people who lived many, many years ago. These are the grandparents of our grandparents.
Teacher. Correctly! Our ancestors called themselves Slavs, the Russian people originate from them. Why Slavs? Think about what word it sounds like?
Children."Slavs" is similar to the word "glory".
Teacher. And this means that the Slavs are a glorious people. What do you know about the Slavs? What were the ancient Russians?
Children. The Slavs were fair-haired, blue-eyed, tall, broad-shouldered, large build, kind, hospitable, courageous. They loved their homeland. When necessary, they became brave warriors and did not spare their lives for mother earth and their father's house.
Teacher. Well you said. Well done!
We have a lot of forests, rivers, animals and plants in Russia. So all these riches have long attracted our enemies - they wanted to take possession of our lands. In ancient times, enemy raids posed a great danger to Russian lands: they went to Russia, ravaged villages and villages, took women and children captive, and took away the looted wealth with them. What book says all this?
Children. In "The Tale of Igor's Campaign".
Teacher. Children, folk wisdom says that the earth can feed a person with its bread, give water to drink from its springs, but the earth cannot protect itself. This is the holy cause of those who eat bread, drink water, admire the beauty of their native land.
Remember, please, what were the names of our ancestors - the defenders of the Russian land?
Children. Bogatyrs.
Teacher. Who are the rich people?
Children. Strong men, warriors, fighters.
Teacher. And what were they?
Children. Strong, courageous, courageous, fearless, resolute, heroic, valiant, brave, courageous.
Teacher. How do you know about heroes?
Children. From epics, Russian folk tales, poems.
Teacher. What is an epic? What word does it come from?
Children. Reality, the truth is what really happened. These are songs, tales about the exploits of heroes.
Teacher. What helped the heroes in the fight against the enemies of the Russian land?
Children. Strength, courage, courage, resourcefulness, love for the motherland.
Teacher. And what proverbs do you know about valor and love for the Motherland?
Children.
Die yourself, but save a comrade.
From your native land - die, do not go!
For the edge of your death stand!
Stand boldly for a just cause!
To live is to serve the motherland.
The happiness of the Motherland is dearer than life.
Not the hero who is waiting for a reward - but the hero who goes for the people!
Teacher. Now I will tell you riddles about weapons and armor.
Such a shirt is not knitted, not sewn, it is woven from iron rings. ( chain mail)
An iron cap with a sharp end, and in front the beak hung over the face. ( Helmet)
The weapon is not easy to pick up, not just pick up and hold in your hand. It was easy for them to take their heads off their shoulders ... Well, guess what? Of course… ( Sword)
In order to protect the chest from the blows of the enemy, you already know this for sure, a heavy, shiny and round one hangs on the left hand of the hero ... ( Shield)
Teacher. Well done guys, you know a lot about the ancient defenders of the Russian land. Today we will talk about three heroes, get acquainted with a very interesting picture.
A reproduction of the painting by V.M. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs".
Teacher. Maybe someone knows what it's called?
Children's answers.
Teacher. Do any of you know the name of the artist who painted this picture?
Children's answers.
Teacher. Yes, this is a painting by the artist V. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs".
Sounds introduction to M. Mussorgsky's opera "Khovanshchina" "Dawn on the Moscow River." Children look at the picture for several minutes.
Teacher. Look at the picture. Who is pictured here?
Children. Russian bogatyrs.
Teacher. Who will name them?
Children. Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich and Ilya Muromets.
Teacher. How are the heroes depicted?
Children. The artist depicted the heroes in the form of fairy-tale heroes.
Teacher. Tell about each of them separately. What are their faces, clothes, weapons? What horses are under them and what are they decorated with?
Children's answers.
Teacher. What landscape surrounds the heroes?
Children. Everything is beautifully drawn here - the clouds, the sky, and even the Christmas trees under the feet of the horses. Everything here is real.
Teacher. That's right, everything is beautiful, but notice how calm comes from the picture. Nature, as it were, froze, quieted down. Where does this calmness come from?
Children. Nature is calm when she has such protectors.
Teacher. What do heroes do in the field?
Children. At the outpost they protect Russia from enemies.
Teacher. Which hero do you like best?
Children.
I like Ilya Muromets - he has the most strength.
And I like Alyosha Popovich - he is young, but brave and a good friend. The enemy is defeated not by heroic strength, but by cunning and dexterity.
I like Dobrynya Nikitich. He is a fearless warrior, he even defeated the Serpent Gorynych. He is handsome, he has blond curls, keen eyes.
And I like all the heroes. They are brave and fair, they will not give offense to anyone.
Teacher. How are heroes similar and how are they different?
Children.
Everyone defends the Motherland from the enemy. Everyone is on horseback, everyone has weapons and armor.
They are different in age, have different horses, different weapons.
They have different faces and characters. They are different in origin.
Teacher. All of you guys are right. Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich are the most beloved and famous Russian heroes. As guardians of holy Russia, they stand at the outpost (border) of the heroic, past which neither the beast will slip, nor the bird will fly.
In the center, Ilya Muromets, a peasant son, sits on a portly black horse. He is thick and powerful, like the age-old forest that has surrounded him since childhood. Glorious hero. Power, strength and wisdom are felt in all his appearance. He has a noble Russian face, a broad gray beard. A horse stands under him, "slightly shaking his bells under his bangs." The horse is calm, only evil squints its eyes towards the enemy. “If he moves, it seems that the earth will buzz from the step.” The hero is well armed: a damask club hangs from his right hand, a quiver with arrows is visible behind it, a shield and a long spear are in his left hand. He is dressed in iron chain mail and has a helmet on his head. Vigilantly peers Ilya into the steppe distance. He is ready for battle, but he is not in a hurry: such a hero will not shed human blood in vain. The hero loves the Motherland and honestly serves her.
On the right hand of Ilya Muromets is Dobrynya Nikitich, a warrior known and loved by the people. Dobrynya is skilled in fighting, swimming, archery. He is dressed richly and smartly. Dobrynya's shield is decorated with stones, his sword is damask, and his gaze is fixed. Beneath him, a long-maned white horse stands, flaring his nostrils, apparently smelling the enemy.
The third hero Alyosha Popovich is the son of a priest. He is also a brave and courageous warrior, not as strong as Ilya or Dobrynya, but he takes agility, speed, resourcefulness. He is both a warrior and a hussler. He knows how to sing songs and knows how to fight. A sly smile on his lips, now he will sing a song to the whole steppe. He is more modestly armed. In his left hand he has a bow, and on his right hand he has gusels. Alyosha's red horse is a match for him: he lowered his head low to pinch the grass, but pricked up his ears. Heather Alyosha! He does not look in the direction of the enemy, but only squints his eyes and holds a tight bow at the ready.
The heroes have one goal - not to miss the enemy, to stand firmly on guard of the Motherland. Above them is a low sky, covered with cold, leaden clouds. Behind the hills is the expanse of Russia, which raised and sent heroes to defend itself. It is difficult to imagine the heroes differently than they are depicted by the artist Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov.
Vasnetsov claims with his picture that the heroes of the Russian land are always ready:
Stand for the honor of the Motherland against the enemy,
Lay down your head for the Fatherland in need.
The picture depicts epic heroes, but we perceive them as living people. The artist glorifies the defenders of the Motherland. Vasnetsov wants us all to be proud of our heroic ancestors, to remember them, to love the land where we were born. Such a picture could be created by a person who loved his people, his history very much. The picture makes people worry, experience the best feeling - a sense of pride for the Motherland.
And now let's listen to A. Pakhmutova's song "Our Heroic Strength."
The song sounds.
What feelings does this music evoke in you?
Children. Pride, determination.
Teacher. Well, today we remembered the epic heroes, from whom, according to legend, the strength of Russian warriors, who defended our land from enemies at different times, went.
Literature
- Preschoolers about the defenders of the Fatherland. Methodical manual on patriotic education in the preschool educational institution / Ed. L.A. Kondrykinskaya. - M .: TC Sphere, 2005.
- My country. Revival of national culture and education of moral and patriotic feelings. A practical guide for educators and methodologists of the preschool educational institution / Auth.-comp. Natarova V.I. etc. - Voronezh: TC "Teacher", 2005.
- Danilina G.N. Preschoolers - about the history and culture of Russia: A manual for the implementation of the program "Patriotic education of citizens Russian Federation for 2001-2005”. – M.: ARKTI, 2003.
- Where does the Motherland begin? (Experience in patriotic education in the preschool educational institution) / Ed. L.A. Kondrykinskaya. - M .: TC Sphere, 2003.
- Agapova I.A., Davydova M.A. Patriotic education at school. - M .: Iris-press, 2002.
Topic: Bogatyrs - defenders of the Russian land.
Introduce yourself, ask not to be offended by ignorance of names, let them stand up and say their name.1 SLIDE
Answer me a question. What is time? And what are times?
Times can be understood in different ways. For some, time is a magician counting the hours of life. For some, these are wise wizards who know how to manage seconds and minutes. And there are experts who control the future time. You, too, can become masters of your time if you learn to save seconds and minutes. Time connects the past and the future. People say: "A man without a past has no future." Tell me, how do you understand this statement?2 SLIDE
Today I invite you to take a short journey through time, into the past of our country. We will learn about those who have guarded and defended the borders of our Motherland for a long time.3 SLIDE
All of you probably watched cartoons about Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent, Dobrynya Niktich and the Serpent Gorynych, Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber. Of course, these cartoons are adapted to our understanding, to the time in which we live, but they tell about the mighty warriors that once existed on our land. Let's listen to an excerpt from one song, you listen carefully and delve into the words.(song prokofevvstava… ) 50 sec.
What is this song about? What is her mood? What pictures appear before your eyes when you listen to it?
Song-call. Isn't it true, it gives strength of mind, you want to rush to help the weak, you want to restore justice, to protect your beloved Fatherland. Right?
So, guys: what were the very first defenders of our Motherland called? - Who are the heroes in your understanding? after their replySLIDE 4 a few seconds andSLIDE 5, to say that there are many definitions of the word hero.
What heroes do you know? (Svyatogor is a huge bogatyr who could not join the rest of the bogatyrs, since he had no one to measure strength with and Nikita Kozhemyak, who defeated the snake with his bare hands).
After they name the heroes, I will show Svyatogor6 SLIDE
The hero is a warrior who is distinguished by unusual strength, courage, prowess and intelligence. That is, when you hear that such strong men as heroes did not have a mind, know that this is not true. Combat has always required ingenuity in addition to physical strength. The heroes were comprehensively developed and we should strive for this.
SLIDE 7 In ancient times, back in Ancient Russia, the heroes stood guard over our Motherland at the outpost (border). They rode tirelessly on mighty horses, vigilantly peering into the distance: not to see enemy fires, not to hear the clatter of other people's horses.They hoped that life would become better, happier, if not for children, then for grandchildren - and their hard work would not be in vain. Therefore, they bequeathed to protect the Russian land - our Motherland.
SLIDE 8 A hero is a man of very great strength, stamina and courage. In Russia, heroes appeared at a time when foreign invaders robbed and killed ordinary people.SLIDE 9
Strong, courageous people who passionately loved their homeland came to their defense.SLIDE 10 And epics were written about them. Guys, what is epic? And how is it different from a fairy tale? After their answerSLIDE 11
Bylina from the word "it was". A fairy tale is usually fiction. Of course, the events in the epic can be embellished, but nevertheless all the events are genuine.
An excerpt from the epic about Ilya Muromets.
His good horse and heroic
From mountain to mountain began to jump,
From hill to hill began to swing,
Small rivers, let a small lake between my legs.
The Nightingale whistled like a nightingale,
The villain-robber shouted like an animal -
The dark woods all bowed to the ground.
Guys, it’s clear to us that it can’t be that the forest immediately bowed to the ground, that a horse jumps from one mountain to another, but it’s written in the epic. Tell me, why does the author exaggerate so much?
(maybe talk about hyperbole)
Let's listen to how epics about heroes began (turn on audio)
We heard how these words glorify the strength of the Russian heroes and our land.
Tell me, how did the epics come down to our days?How did we recognize the epics of Ancient Russia? After their answerSLIDE 12
Handwritten books were written by chroniclers and some books have survived to this day. Some epics were passed from mouth to mouth, so they do not have a specific author, whose name we could name.
And how the epics were told in these ancient times, does anyone know?
— Once upon a time there lived in Great Russia people - songwriters-storytellers.SLIDE 13 here they are on the slide. They composed and sang and told epics. It has always been customary to tell epics by playing a melody on the harp. And I suggest you watch and listen to how it was done traditionally, using the example of the epic about Ilya Muromets (video)
After video Slide 14 Painting Vasnetsov "Three heroes"
The famous painting "Bogatyrs" was created in the village of Abramtsevo near Moscow. This canvas is often called "Three heroes" today. Vasnetsov gave a description of the picture in a short but capacious remark: “Bogatyrs Dobrynya, Ilya and Alyosha Popovich at the heroic exit - they note in the field if there is an enemy somewhere, if they offend anyone.”
Work on the great canvas took the artist almost seventeen years, and it began with a pencil sketch in distant Paris. As soon as the artist made the final touch, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov (he was a very rich man, a merchant who buys all the works of art that he met while traveling and communicating with various talented people of his time in order to unite in one place and thus preserve for future generations , for you and me, so that we can study history, improve our culture and enjoy these works of art) bought a canvas for his collection. So this painting by Vasnetsov found its place in the Tretyakov Gallery. Three heroes to this day look at us from the wall of the famous gallery.
Guys, which of you will be able to come out and correctly name the heroes depicted in this picture.
From left to right: Dobrynya, Ilya and Alyosha.
Or maybe one of you visited the Tretyakov Gallery with your parents and saw this picture with your own eyes? Ask about feelings.
If you have not been, then ask where it is, this gallery. (in Moscow and send them there in the future)
Even looking at this picture, we can characterize the heroes. Describe Ilya, then Alyosha, then Dobrynya.
Now I will tell you about each of them.
“As one in the sky is red - the sun,
And one in Russia, Ilya - Muromets.
He sat in jail for thirty years, and passers-by people cured him - they gave him some water to drink. Most of all, people loved and still respect this hero Ilya Muromets. He was even ranked among the Russian Saints, and his birthday, January 1, remained in history. On the day when we celebrate the New Year, remember also that this is the birthday of Ilya Ivanovich, the great defender of the Russian land.
When the relics of Ilya Muromets were studied by modern scientists, they were stunned.
He was a powerful man who died at the age of 45-55, 177 cm tall. In the 12th century, when Ilya lived, such a person was considered tall (the average height of a man of that time was 165 cm).
On the bones of Ilya, traces of battles were found - multiple fractures of the collarbones, broken ribs, traces of a blow from a spear, saber, sword.
This confirmed the information that Ilya was a powerful warrior, a participant in fierce battles.
In addition, researchers believe that, in full agreement with the works of oral folk art, Ilya actually could not walk for a long time, as he suffered a serious illness - bone tuberculosis or poliomyelitis, which caused leg paralysis.
Dobrynya Nikitich is depicted in epics as the second strongest and most important hero after Ilya Muromets.
By origin, Dobrynya Nikitich is of a princely family, which, nevertheless, did not prevent him from winning love and recognition from the common people. In epics, the hero is educated, tactful, courteous, able to find a common language with everyone, it was not for nothing that Prince Vladimir appointed him his ambassador.
Dobrynya - from the Russian language - from kind. He does good - and this is one of the characteristic features of the mighty epic hero. Dobrynya fights with the Serpent Gorynych and frees the niece of Prince Vladimir Zabava Putyatichna
And in the picture he is depicted in the middle, because thanks to his efforts and talents, the heroic trinity remains restored even after Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich quarrel.
Alyosha Popovich is the youngest of all, the son of the Rostov priest Leonty. The birth of Alyosha Popovich is accompanied by thunder; Alyosha the baby asks to swaddle him not with swaddling clothes, but with chain mail; then he immediately asks his mother for blessings to walk around the wide world: it turns out that he can already sit on a horse and wield it, act with a spear and a saber, etc. He is characterized by daring, onslaught, sharpness, resourcefulness, cunning.
Alyosha Popovich is distinguished not by strength.
See how the heroes are dressed. What is the name of the clothes? (helmet, chain mail)
And, of course, the horse for the hero was not just a means of transportation, the horse was a friend, a comrade in battle, he was treated like a person.
Let's have a heroic physical minute with you. Come out from behind the desks, repeat the movements after me.
Physical education minute
We got up together - one, two, three -
We are rich now.
We put our hands to our eyes,
Let's set our legs strong.
Turning to the right
Let's look majestic.
And to the left too
Look from under the palms.
Leaning left, right
Turns out to fame!
Let's guys guess the riddles about the heroes:
2) The hero bore a good name -
He did not spare enemies, he loved the Fatherland.
He served with Muromets,
He crushed the adversaries. (Nikitich)
1) Brave and bold - a brave daredevil.
Kind of priestly our merry fellow.
The youngest of the three heroes,
Russia defended, he smashed the enemies. (Alyosha Popovich)
3) For a long time, a mighty force matured in him,
And she woke up from grief.
The hero stood up for the Fatherland
And he fought boldly - not sparing himself and the enemy. (Ilya Muromets)
Time passes, runs, does not stop for a minute. A thousand years have passed, guys, and we are proud of the deeds and exploits of these heroes - heroes. The grateful people establishedin many cities of Russia there are monuments to heroes ....
slide 15 — MONUMENT TO SVYATOGOR IN YALTA
slide 16 — MONUMENTS TO ILYA MUROMTS IN THE CITY OF MUROM, VLADIMIR REGION
Slide 17 — MONUMENTS TO ILYA MUROMTS IN VLADIVOSTOK AND ZHELEZNOGORSK, KRASNOYARSK REGION.
Slide 18 — MONUMENT TO DOBRYNA NIKITICH IN SHILOVO, RYAZAN REGION.
Slide 19 — MONUMENTS TO THREE BOGATYRS IN KOZELSK, KALUGA REGION. AND IN SAMARA.
Slide 20 — MONUMENT TO ALYOSHA POPOVICH IN UDMURTIA
As you can see, they are erected monuments just like the heroes of the Great Patriotic War.
Yes, there are no number of heroes in Russia.And not only epic ones - Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, but also our country is rich in real ones - princes, generals, soldiers, athletes too. Among the most famous classic wrestlers are the names of
slide 21 - loader Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny -
"champion of champions"He spent 45 years of his life on the wrestling mat and was defeated only once.
slide 22 — Alexander Znamensky, performed record power numbers,lifted the orchestra, held the merry-go-round, carried the piano with the man playing.
slide 23 - Valentin Ivanovich DiKul (born 1947) - outstanding athlete of our time. He performed two unique power numbers in the circus arena: he held a metal “pyramid” weighing one ton on his body, and a Volga car on his back (the load was 1570 kilograms).slide 24 The uniqueness of these numbers is also in the fact that the athlete performed them after a spinal injury. For almost seven years he could not move. With the help of simulators of his own design, he managed to restore his former shape. Now V. I. Dikul heads the Center for the Rehabilitation of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and the Consequences of Cerebral Palsy.
Slide 25 Vasily Alekseev, he is from our city – MinesThe strongest man of the 70s, holder of 80 world records and two-time Olympic weightlifting champion.
Everything can be native land!
slide 26 - Can feed you warm and tasty bread,
Slide 27 — drink clean water
Slide 28 — surprise with its beauty.
Slide 29 — And she can't defend herself...
Therefore, the defense of the Fatherland and native land is the duty of those who eat its bread, drink its water, admire its beauty!
The heroes left a covenant to you, their descendants: - Protect your homeland, protect it. Protect the weak, the poor, the elderly and children, Be strong, brave, courageous, courageous. Love your native land, your people, your country and homeland.
