Global echo: population of Iran, demography, ethnic composition, Turkic group, Iranian group, culture of peoples, way of life and customs.

www.amar.org.ir/Portals/1/Iran/census-2.pdf Official population census 2011

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Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA)-The World Factbook: :…Ethnic groups:Persian 61%, Azeri 16%, Kurd 10%, Lur 6%, Baloch 2%, Arab 2%, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2%, other 1% (2008 est.) …Population:78,868,711 (July 2012 est.)…Languages:Persian (official) 53%, Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects 18%, Kurdish 10%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 7%, Luri 6%, Balochi 2%, Arabic 2%, other 2% (2008 est.)…Religions:Muslim (official) 98% (Shia 89%, Sunni 9%), other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i) 2%.

Event Report, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (For Academic Citation: Nassibli, Nasib L. "Azerbaijan- Iran Relations: Challenges and Prospects (Event Summary)): :..South Azerbaijan consists of Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, The size of these territories is estimated at approximately 170,000 square kilometers (the territory of North Azerbaijan is half this- i.e., 86,600 sq. km). the national composition of the Azerbaijani provinces in Iran - making up more than 90% of the population in these areas…It is difficult to determine the exact number of Azerbaijani Turks in Iran. our research, based on the official statistics, the Azerbaijani Turks comprise nearly 40% of the population of Iran.

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization ( UNPO): :…The members of the population in Iran (all population in 66 million) of Azerbaijani descent is estimated to be around 30 million .Many immigrants from the Southern Azerbaijani territory have moved to other parts of Iran such as Teheran. At present, nearly 8 million Southern Azerbaijanis live outside Southern Azerbaijan, where more than a million of them are political immigrants, living in Europe and America. A million of them live in southern Iran while 6 million live in the city of Tehran . In Iran Azerbaijani Turkish is spoken by 25-30% of the population (15-20 million people). It is a Turkic language that is similar to the language spoken by the Turkish and Iraqi Turkmen, and distinct from the Iranian state language, Farsi.

Volume 2. Dabbagh - Kuwait University. - Iran, pages 1111–1112. // Encyclopedia of Modern Middle East & North Africa. second edition. Volume 1 - 4. Editor in Chief: Philip Mattar. Associate Editors: Charles E. Butterworth, Neil Caplan, Michael R. Fischbach, Eric Hooglund, Laurie King-Irani, John Ruedy. Farmington Hills: Gale, 2004, 2936 pages. ISBN 9780028657691

original text(English)

With an estimated population of 67 million in 2004, Iran is one of the most populous countries in the Middle East. ... Iran’s second largest ethnolinguistic minority, the Kurds, make up an estimated 5 percent of the country’s population and reside in the provinces of Kerman and Kurdistan as well as in parts of West Azerbaijan and Ilam. Kurds in Iran are divided along religious lines as Sunni, Shi "ite, or Ahl-e Haqq.

:…Population: 70.5 million (2007 est.)Persians, who constitute 51% of Iran's population, dominate the central government of Iran.Roughly one out of every four Iranians is Azeri, making it Iran's largest ethnic minority at over 18 million (some Azeris put the number higher). The Turkic-speaking Azeri community is predominantly Shiite and resides mainly in northwest Iran along the border with Azerbaijan (whose inhabitants are more secular than their Azeri cousins in Iran) and in Tehran. Although they have grievances with the current regime in Tehran, most Azeris say they are not treated as second-class citizens and are more integrated into Iranian society, business, and politics (the Supreme Leader is an ethnic Azeri) than other minorities. Predominantly Sunni Muslim, the Kurds reside mainly in the northwest part of the country (so-called Iranian Kurdistan) and comprise around 7% of Iran’s population. There are roughly 4 million Kurds living in Iran, compared to 12 million in Turkey and 6 million in Iraq. Unlike Iran's other minorities, many of its Kurds harbor separatist tendencies. Along the Iranian-Iraqi border in southwest Iran is a population of some three million Arabs, predominantly Shiite. Arabs, whose presence in Iran stretches back 12 centuries, co-mingle freely with the local populations of Turks and Persians. Iran has roughly 1.4 million Baluchis, comprising 2% of its population. Predominantly Sunni, they reside in the Iranian section of an area known as Baluchistan, a region divided between Pakistan and Iran.

http://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/1/Iran/census-2.pdf Official population census 2011

Iranian doctors could be jailed for contraceptive procedures

General characteristics of the population of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Official Iranian census data for 2011

Ethnologue 14 report for İran (published in 2000)-Farsi, Western or Ethnologue 15 report for İran (published in 2005)-Farsi, Western or Ethnologue 16 report for İran (published in 2009)-Farsi, Western

Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA)-The World Factbook: Iran population :…Ethnic groups:Persian 61%, Azeri 16%, Kurd 10%, Lur 6%, Baloch 2%, Arab 2%, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2%, other 1% (2008 est .)…Population:78,868,711 (July 2012 est.)…Languages:Persian (official) 53%, Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects 18%, Kurdish 10%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 7%, Luri 6%, Balochi 2%, Arabic 2 %, other 2% (2008 est.)…Religions:Muslim (official) 98% (Shia 89%, Sunni 9%), other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i) 2%.

Event Report, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (For Academic Citation: Nassibli, Nasib L. "Azerbaijan- Iran Relations: Challenges and Prospects (Event Summary)): Azerbaijan- Iran Relations: Challenges and Prospects (Event Summary) :.. South Azerbaijan consists of Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Zenjan, Hamadan Ostans (provinces) and adjacent areas of Astara, Qazvin and other territories. this- i.e., 86,600 sq. km).Turks dominate the national composition of the Azerbaijani provinces in Iran - making up more than 90% of the population in these areas…It is difficult to determine the exact number of Azerbaijani Turks in Iran. statistics do not state the national composition of Iran. According to our research, based on the official statistics, the Azerbaijani Turks comprise nearly 40% of the population of Iran. all the Azerbaijani Turks in the world.

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization ( UNPO): Southern Azerbaijan :…The members of the population in Iran (all population in 66 million) of Azerbaijani descent is estimated to be around 30 million .Many immigrants from the Southern Azerbaijani territory have moved to other parts of Iran such as Teheran. At present, nearly 8 million Southern Azerbaijanis live outside Southern Azerbaijan, where more than a million of them are political immigrants, living in Europe and America. A million of them live in southern Iran while 6 million live in the city of Tehran . In Iran Azerbaijani Turkish is spoken by 25-30% of the population (15-20 million people). It is a Turkic language that is similar to the language spoken by the Turkish and Iraqi Turkmen, and distinct from the Iranian state language, Farsi.

Alekperli F. U. Historical reasons for the formation of common features and differences in the national character of the Azerbaijanis of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Iran

Original text (English)

Federation of American Scientists :…Population: 70.5 million (2007 est.)Persians, who constitute 51% of Iran's population, dominate the central government of Iran.Roughly one out of every four Iranians is Azeri, making it Iran's largest ethnic minority at over 18 million (some Azeris put the number higher). The Turkic-speaking Azeri community is predominantly Shiite and resides mainly in northwest Iran along the border with Azerbaijan (whose inhabitants are more secular than their Azeri cousins in Iran) and in Tehran. Although they have grievances with the current regime in Tehran, most Azeris say they are not treated as second-class citizens and are more integrated into Iranian society, business, and politics (the Supreme Leader is an ethnic Azeri) than other minorities. Predominantly Sunni Muslim, the Kurds reside mainly in the northwest part of the country (so-called Iranian Kurdistan) and comprise around 7% of Iran’s population. There are roughly 4 million Kurds living in Iran, compared to 12 million in Turkey and 6 million in Iraq. Unlike Iran's other minorities, many of its Kurds harbor separatist tendencies. Along the Iranian-Iraqi border in southwest Iran is a population of some three million Arabs, predominantly Shiite. Arabs, whose presence in Iran stretches back 12 centuries, co-mingle freely with the local populations of Turks and Persians. Iran has roughly 1.4 million Baluchis, comprising 2% of its population. Predominantly Sunni, they reside in the Iranian section of an area known as Baluchistan, a region divided between Pakistan and Iran.

http://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/1/Iran/census-2.pdf Official population census 2011

Iranian doctors may be jailed for contraceptive procedures

General characteristics of the population of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Official data census Iran for 2011 year

Ethnologue 14 Report for ̇ran (Publined in 2000) -farsi, Western or Ethnologue 15 Report for ̇ran (Publined in 2005) -farsi, Western or Ethnology 16 Report for ̇ran (Publisheded (Published

Event Report, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (For Academic Citation: Nassibli, Nasib L. "Azerbaijan- Iran Relations: Challenges and Prospects (Event Summary)): Azerbaijan- Iran Relations: Challenges and Prospects (Event Summary) :.. South Azerbaijan consists of Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Zenjan, Hamadan Ostans (provinces) and adjacent areas of Astara, Qazvin and other territories. this- i.e., 86,600 sq. km).Turks dominate the national composition of the Azerbaijani provinces in Iran - making up more than 90% of the population in these areas…It is difficult to determine the exact number of Azerbaijani Turks in Iran. statistics do not state the national composition of Iran. According to our research, based on the official statistics, the Azerbaijani Turks comprise nearly 40% of the population of Iran. all the Azerbaijani Turks in the world.

Alekperli F. W. Historical reasons for the formation of common features and differences in the national character of Azerbaijanis in the Republic of Azerbaijan and Iran

Original text (English)

Federation American Scientists :…Population: 70.5 million (2007 est.)Persians, who constitute 51% of Iran's population, dominate the central government of Iran.Roughly one out of every four Iranians is Azeri, making it Iran's largest ethnic minority at over 18 million (some Azeris put the number higher). The Turkic-speaking Azeri community is predominantly Shiite and resides mainly in northwest Iran along the border with Azerbaijan (whose inhabitants are more secular than their Azeri cousins in Iran) and in Tehran. Although they have grievances with the current regime in Tehran, most Azeris say they are not treated as second-class citizens and are more integrated into Iranian society, business, and politics (the Supreme Leader is an ethnic Azeri) than other minorities. Predominantly Sunni Muslim, the Kurds reside mainly in the northwest part of the country (so-called Iranian Kurdistan) and comprise around 7% of Iran’s population. There are roughly 4 million Kurds living in Iran, compared to 12 million in Turkey and 6 million in Iraq. Unlike Iran's other minorities, many of its Kurds harbor separatist tendencies. Along the Iranian-Iraqi border in southwest Iran is a population of some three million Arabs, predominantly Shiite. Arabs, whose presence in Iran stretches back 12 centuries, co-mingle freely with the local populations of Turks and Persians. Iran has roughly 1.4 million Baluchis, comprising 2% of its population. Predominantly Sunni, they reside in the Iranian section of an area known as Baluchistan, a region divided between Pakistan and Iran.

Iranian population

Iran, along with Afghanistan, is one of the most multinational states in Southwest Asia. More than 30 large and small peoples live here, and if we also take into account individual tribes and ethnic groups that have preserved their cultural and everyday identity to one degree or another, their number is even greater.

The overwhelming majority of the peoples of Iran belong to the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family and to the Turkic group of the Altaic language family (over 20%). The first of them includes Persians, Gilans, Mazandarians, Kurds, Lurs, Bakhtiars, Balochs, Talyshs, Tats, Hazaras, Jamshids, Afghans and Tajiks. The second group includes Azerbaijanis, Turkmens, Kash-Kais, Qajars, Afshars, Shahsevens, Karapapahis, Baharlu, Eynalu, Nafars, Khorasani, etc. Of the other peoples living in the country, Arabs and Assyrians speak the languages of the Semitic group of the Semitic-Hamitic language family, Armenians - in the stand-alone language of the Indo-European family, Georgians in the language of the Kartvelian group of the Caucasian family.

The multinationality of Iran is largely a legacy of the aggressive policy of its ancient and medieval rulers, who united many multilingual tribes and peoples under their rule, as well as those conquests that Iran itself was subjected to. In the future, the preservation of ethnic fragmentation was facilitated by the feudal backwardness of the country and the tribal system of the nomadic part of the population.

The main ethnic community - the Persians - is concentrated mainly in the central and southern regions of the country. In areas other than Iranian Azerbaijan, they make up the majority of the urban population. Gilans, Mazanderans and Talyshs, ethnically close to them, but retaining a number of dialectal and cultural features, live to the north of the main area of Persian settlement; to the west - Kurds, Lurs and Bakhtiars; The second largest ethnic community - Azerbaijanis - inhabits the northwestern part of the country, bordering Azerbaijan. Semi-nomadic and sedentary tribes of Afshars, Shahsevens and Karapapahis, related to them, coexist with them. In the south of the country live the Qashqai and some other Turkic nomadic tribes, as well as the Arabs.

At present, Persians and Iranian Azerbaijanis are established bourgeois nations, others

the peoples are at different stages of ethno-social development, partly forming tribes, partly nationalities. Some of them are gradually assimilated with the Persians, which to a certain extent is the result of the Iranianization policy pursued in the country. It is officially believed that all the peoples of the country professing Islam, together with the Persians, constitute a single Iranian nation. As national minorities, only representatives of other religions are considered: Christians - Armenians and Assyrians; Zoro-Astrians - Parsis, or Gebry; Jews are Jews. During the 1956 census, for the first time, the number of speakers of the so-called local languages was taken into account, but already during the next census in 1966, such a count was not carried out.

Recently, the assimilation processes in Iran have also been facilitated by the development of capitalist relations, leading to the mixing and cultural and linguistic interaction of the multinational population in cities, oil fields, large construction sites, etc. The Iranianization of the Gilyans and Mazanderans is especially noticeable. At the same time, the small Turkic peoples of northern Iran, and partly the Iranian-speaking Talysh, are being assimilated by the Azerbaijanis.

The only state language of Iran is basically established by the 9th century. the so-called new Persian language, or Farsi. It conducts all official office work, teaching in schools and higher educational institutions. The writing is based on the Arabic alphabet, but the spelling of the letters differs in some originality.

According to the anthropological type, the peoples inhabiting Iran belong to the southern groups of the Caucasoid race, distributed from Gibraltar to Northern India and from Central Europe to the Sahara. At the same time, Persians, Azerbaijanis, Kurds and most of the small peoples of Iran mainly belong to the Indo-Pamir anthropological group, Armenians and Assyrians - to the Armenoid, Arabs - partly to the Armenoid, partly to the Mediterranean. All southern groups of the Caucasian race are distinguished by dark pigmentation of the hair and eyes.

The vast majority of the population of Iran (over 96%) professes Islam, with more than 90% being Shia Muslims and only about 6% being Sunnis. Shiism was proclaimed the state religion of the country in 1502 by the founder of the Safavid state, Ismail I. In Iran, Persians, Azerbaijanis, Gilans,

Mazanderans, Lurs, Bakhtiars, Qashqais, Shahsevens, Talyshs, a part of Kurds, Arabs, etc. Sunnis are Afghans, Balochs, part of Kurds and Arabs, Turkmens, Jemshids. There are adherents of some more private movements of Islam: Baha'is, Ismailis, Sheikhs, and others. As noted, representatives of other religions also live in Iran. Some Kurds belong to the Yezidi sect.

Freedom of religion is officially proclaimed in the country, but there is historical hostility between adherents of the two main religious directions in Islam - Shiites and Sunnis. This is the result of the former enmity and mutual extermination of Arabs, Turks and Persians in the struggle for power waged by the Arab caliphs, Turkish sultans and Iranian shahs. Recently, with the development of the economy and culture in the country, there has been a weakening of religiosity, especially among the urban population; in the advanced strata of Iranian society, the ideas of atheism are becoming more widespread.

In recent years, the population of Iran has been growing very rapidly. This is noticeable not only in statistics. Half a century ago, the Iranian press constantly talked about the half-starved existence of the broad masses of the people, epidemics and diseases that led to high mortality and low annual population growth (not higher than 0.75 - 1%), despite the high birth rate. Now, there are increasing calls to limit natural population growth, or so-called family planning and birth control, as Iran has become one of the countries with the highest annual population growth, reaching about 3%. This has become characteristic not only for cities where medical care is better delivered, but also for rural areas. Now 52% of the population is under 20 years of age.

Here are some official figures on population growth: in 1933, there were 15 million people in Iran, in 1956 - 18.9 million, and in 1977 - 34 million people. The rate of population growth, as we see, is exceptionally high. If over a period of 23 years (from 1933 to 1956) the population of Iran increased by only 3.9 million people, then over the next 20 years it increased by 15.1 million. At such rates, the population of the country reached by 1992 approximately 60 million, and by 2006 - 71 million people.

Isfahan is growing at the same rapid pace, the number of inhabitants of which has doubled in 10 years (from 1966 to 1976). New cities appear - satellites, for example, near Isfahan, in the area of the constructed metallurgical plant, the city of Aria-Shahr was erected.

The cities of Tehran, Isfahan, Tabriz, Mashhad, Shiraz, Abadan are growing rapidly. According to the latest census, 22% of the country's population lived in 14 cities with a population of more than 100,000, and in cities - 42%. Meanwhile, quite recently, the urban population of Iran was approximately 25%. It is assumed that this ratio will change radically in 25-30 years: 75% of the country's inhabitants will live in cities, and 25% in villages. The population of the capital over the past half century has increased by 7 times.

The increase in population is due to natural growth. Emigration and immigration do not have any significant impact on its growth. It is characteristic that in Iran the number of men far exceeds the number of women.

With the change in the socio-economic situation in Iran, the class structure of society also changes. In the economy and socio-political life of the country, the influence of the national bourgeoisie is growing, the size of the working class is growing rapidly, and the proportion of the economically active population employed in agriculture is decreasing.

The growth of women's activity in social and political life began in the 60s. In February 1963 they were granted the right to elect and be elected to the Majlis and the Senate. Since then, several women have become members of the Majlis and members of the Senate. The number of women among the teaching staff in higher education institutions has increased. However, the women's movement for emancipation is still limited, affecting mainly the upper strata of society, the intelligentsia.

In May 1967, the Majlis passed a law on the expansion of women's rights in the field of family relations. This law basically abolished polygamy (the right of men to have four wives and any number of concubines) and the right of men to divorce their wives for any reason without trial. Now a man can take a second wife only with the consent of the first or if he proves to the court that the first wife is sick. Women were also given the right to initiate divorce proceedings. The question of who to leave the children with is decided by the court.

The population of Iran is distributed unevenly in the country. Although its average density over the past 15 years has increased from 11.5 to 18 people per 1 sq. km. km, in Iran there are deserted places, especially in deserts. Fluctuations in population density are very large: from 0 to 60 people per 1 sq. km. km. The most densely populated are the central province, the new industrial area around Isfahan, the northern, northwestern and western parts of Iran. The largest cities of the country: Tehran with suburbs - 12.2 million people (2005), Isfahan - 4.6 million, Mashhad - 2.5 million, Ahvaz - 841 thousand, Tabriz - 1.4 million, Bandar Abbas - 352 thousand, Shiraz - 1.2 million, Abadan - 415 thousand, Kermanshah - 1.9 million, about 550 thousand inhabitants are the cities of Rasht, Qom, Hamadan, Rezaye and others.

Iranian cities are mostly similar to each other and still retain their original traditional look. In the center there is usually a square, from which four large streets depart at right angles (ditches for watering trees flow along their edges), there is also a mosque and an indoor city bazaar. Adjacent to the main streets is a whole labyrinth of narrow streets and lanes, winding and crooked, with blank walls overlooking them, behind which are hidden the rich mansions of the city's nobility buried in greenery. On the outskirts of the city, the unsightly dwellings of the poorest part of the population are concentrated. In big cities there is a quarter of new modern houses or an ensemble in which ancient architectural structures are adjacent to multi-storey hotels and other European-style buildings. There are also completely new cities and satellite cities planned and built in the western way. Transport in large cities - buses and taxis, in small - cabbies.

Rural settlements usually lack a specific layout; some of them are surrounded by adobe walls, sometimes with towers at the corners. The originality of the villages near Yazd is striking; built in the rocks at a considerable height and similar to cave cities.

Nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes, which previously played a very important role in the socio-political life of Iran, have now largely lost their significance. Many of them, to one degree or another, switched to settled life. There is a transition to settled life of nomads and semi-nomads who settle on fertile lands in various parts of the country.

The winter settlements of semi-nomads do not differ much from the settlements of sedentary peasants, while in the summer they live in camps formed by parallel rows or circles of portable tents.

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