For this task you can get 1 point on the exam in 2019
Task 17 of the Unified State Examination in Russian teaches us how to deal with punctuation marks in sentences that contain words and structures that are not directly (grammatically) related to other members of the sentence. This test exercise should be performed by those who decide to test their ability to distinguish introductory words and phrases from the main or secondary members of the sentence.
In Russian, there are so-called introductory constructions, which can be both individual words and whole sentences. At the same time, they have some features: they are not full-fledged members of the sentence and are not grammatically related to other words in it.
Introductory constructions in the letter are highlighted on both sides with commas, however, the difficulty of some variants of task No. 17 from the Unified State Examination in the Russian language lies in the fact that the same word can act as an introductory word or be a full-fledged part of the phrase. A typical example of this is two phrases: “Fortunately, we were not late. Dishes beat fortunately.” In the first case, the construction "fortunately" is an introductory phrase and are distinguished by a punctuation mark. In the second case, this is an addition that answers the question “why?”, And the comma is not needed here.
How, when completing assignment No. 17 from the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, to determine whether the introductory word is in front of us or not? Try reading the sentence without it. If the meaning of the phrase does not change significantly (“Fortunately, we were not late. We were not late”), we have an introductory construction. If the phrase is distorted, becomes incomplete or incomprehensible (“The dishes are beating fortunately. The dishes are beating”), we have any other member of the sentence. In addition, pay attention to what the word you are interested in expresses. If it expresses some feelings, emotions, assessment of what is happening - most likely it is introductory.
Ten options for task 17 were compiled taking into account the demo version and methodological recommendations published on the FIPI website.
In 2017, the language material of this task is being expanded by adding separate calls to this topic. As the language material involved in the task, both prose and poetic texts were used. Task 17 tests the ability of examinees to isolate constructions that are not grammatically related to the sentence. The wording of the task remains the same.
"answer"
Answers
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"podskazochka_k_zadaniyu__17"
Task 17
Appeal is a word or phrase denoting the person to whom the speech is addressed.
1. Appeal can be expressed in one word and more than one word.
| one word address | ambiguous address |
| expressed by a noun or any part of speech in the function of a noun in the nominative case | may include words dependent on this noun or interjection O: |
| soldiers, forty centuries look at you from the height of these pyramids! Get it right shoulder ! Swing, hand ! You smell in the face Wind With noon !" (Koltsov A.V., "Mower"). Welcome, welcome! Answer mefourth ! Let's not quarrelexpensive . | Dear granddaughter Why did you rarely call me? I'm yours againoh young friends ! (the title of the elegy of A. S. Pushkin). |
2. An appeal can be expressed by a noun in the form of an oblique case, if it denotes a sign of the object or person to whom the speech is addressed.
For example: Hey,in Hat , are you extreme?
3. Personal pronouns you and you, as a rule, do not act as appeals: they perform the function of the subject if they have predicate verbs.
For example: If you,reader , love autumn, you know that in autumn the water in the rivers acquires a bright blue color from the cold (Paust.)- circulation is reader , and the pronoun you combined with the verb love .
Pronouns you you can take on the call function in the following cases:
a) in constructions with a separate definition or a defining clause:
You,third from the end , with a mop on his forehead, I don't know you. I love you!(Ascension);
You , whose wide overcoats resembled sails, whose spurs rang merrily and voices, and whose eyes, like diamonds, left a mark on the heart - charming dandies of bygone years (Tsv.);
b) when used independently, usually with interjections hey, well, eh and etc.:
– Eh, you ! And don't you mind sitting next to Chebuhayka? - he throws on the go (Cool.);
Chick, you! She is no longer your servant (M. G.); “He has a headache,” Bayev sympathized with his heart.
– Ehh... you . Residents! (Shuksh.);
c) as part of other appeals: Dear friend you are mine , do not be ashamed ... (Fad.); You are my dear (Shuksh.).
Attention: The appeal is not grammatically related to the sentence, is not a member of the sentence.
Punctuation marks when addressing
1. Appeals are usually distinguished (or separated) by commas, and with a special emotional load - by an exclamation point after the appeal.
For example:
Congratulations,comrades , with safe arrival (Paust.)
– Do not go,Volodya - said Rodion (Ch.).
Farewell, it's timemy joy ! I will jump nowconductor (Past.). calm downwind. Don't barkwater glass (Es.). see the lightcomrade sighted , near the lake in the drain of water (Ascension).
2. Multiple calls are separated by commas or exclamation marks.
For example:
« My dear, my dear, my torment, my anguish ", - she read (Ch.);
Goodbye, my happiness , my short happiness ! (Cupr.);
Proletarian! Poor brother ... When you receive this letter, I will already be flying away (Ch.).
Appeals connected by union And, are not separated by a comma.
For example:
cry, tavern violins and harps (Vozn).
3. If after the appeal there is a definition or application, then it is isolated; such a definition is perceived as a second appeal.
For example:
Grandpa, dear , where were you? (rasp.);
Miller, darling , get up. On the coast of fire! (Paust.).
4. Parts of the dissected address are allocated separately, each on its own.
For example:
Hear me,good, hear me,beautiful , my evening dawn, unquenchable love ! (Is.);
Oh my neglected thank you and kiss youhands of the Motherland, timidity, friendship, family (Past.).
5. If the appeal ends an interrogative sentence, then a question mark is placed after it.
For example:
HearDmitry Petrovich ? I will come to you in Moscow (Ch.);
When will finally be Kara-Ada,captain ? (Paust.);
What's wrong with you,blue sweater ? (Ascension);
Did you pray at nightBirch ? Did you pray at nightoverturned lakes Senezh, Svityaz and Naroch ? Did you pray at nightCathedrals of the Intercession and Assumption ? (Ascension).
6. Particles Oh, ah, a and others facing appeals are not separated from them.
For example:
Oh my dearmy gentle, beautiful garden ! (Ch.).
– Prosh and Prosh ! - called Prokhor Abramovich (Plat.).
Oh Nadya, Nadya , we would be happy ... (Ok.).
Oh whirlwind , touch all the depths and hollows (Past.).
About the bunch of retribution ! Tossed in one gulp to the West - I am the ashes of an intruder! (Ascension).
Oh youth, phoenix, fool , all in flames cum! (Ascension).
O heart-loving deceptions, delusions of infancy ! On the day when the glades turn green, I have no deliverance from you (Zabol.).
7. If there is an interjection before the appeal (unlike a particle, it is accented), then it is separated by a comma or an exclamation mark.
For example:
– Oh dear Nadia , - Sasha began his usual afternoon conversation (Ch.);
– Hey, three octopuses for threading go get the bolt!
An interjection (as a call to attention) can itself act as an appeal.
For example:
Hey , beware! Make a closure! (Ascension).
– Hey be careful there! - Shouted Stepakha (Krut.).
Where? What are you?Hey ! (Shuksh.).
8. After the appeal, which is a separate vocative sentence (Sentence-address, i.e., a one-part sentence in which the main and only member is the name of the person addressing the speech), an ellipsis or an exclamation mark is placed - single or in combination with ellipsis.
For example:
– Miller ! - whispered Shatsky (Paust.);
–Sing !.. - Lyalka is again in the window (Shuksh.);
– Mother ... And mother ! - he called his old woman (Shuksh.);
– Brothers ... - he said quietly, and his voice broke (Paust.).
Introductory constructions (introductory words, phrases, sentences)
| values | introductory words | examples |
| 1. Different degrees of certainty | Of course, indisputably, certainly, undoubtedly, of course, it goes without saying, it seems, probably, obviously, perhaps, true, without a doubt, without any doubt, it would seem, apparently, apparently, really, really, really, really, really isn’t it true, in fact, in essence, right, tea, presumably, I think, I hope, I suppose, it must be, maybe, perhaps, perhaps, in all probability, etc. | Rain, seems, ended. |
| 2. Different feelings | Fortunately, to joy, to general joy, to happiness, to joy, to shame, unfortunately, unfortunately, to misfortune, an amazing thing, to horror, unfortunately, to surprise, to annoyance, what good, to chagrin, strange the case, there is nothing to hide a sin, the hour is not even, etc. | Rain, Luckily, ended. |
| 3. Source of information | According to (someone), according to (someone), according to (someone), in my opinion, in your opinion, according to (someone), in my opinion, according to rumors, according to legend, heard, they say, they say, they remember, they say, report, transmit, etc. | To my mind the rain has stopped. |
| 4. The order of thoughts and their connection | Firstly, secondly, thirdly, so, thus, on the contrary, however, however, on the one hand, on the other hand, in particular, in this way, most importantly, however, by the way, in addition, moreover, by the way, by the way, by the way, by the way, I repeat, I emphasize, say, therefore, finally, therefore, therefore, vice versa, for example, for example, etc. | So, the rain has ended. Soon, but, doubts dissipated. |
| 5. Remarks on the Ways of Forming Thoughts | In a word, in a word, in other words, it is better to say, in vain, in short, in other words, so to speak, roughly speaking, putting it mildly, if I may say so, if I may say so, if I may say so, it is better to say what is called, etc. . | In a word, everything went well. |
| 6. Words addressed to the interlocutor in order to attract him attention to what is reported | Do you see (do), do you see (do), do you understand (do), do you understand (do), do you know (do), do you know (do), understand, understand, listen, believe, agree, imagine, imagine, have mercy, excuse me, forgive , do you believe (whether), please, have mercy, notice to yourself, do me a favor, tell me if you want to know, etc. | Do you believe I did it anyway. |
| 7. Evaluation of the measure of what is being said. | The most, the least, at least without exaggeration, etc. | We, the biggest, Tomorrow we will do what we promised. |
| 8. Express expressiveness of the statement. | In truth, in conscience, in fairness, except for jokes, it’s scary to remember, it’s funny to say, don’t say it reproachfully, I must admit, honestly, speaking between us, between us, etc. | Tomorrow, scared to remember, it will be ten years since we know each other. |
II . Difficult cases of defining introductory words.
| introductory word | example | not an introductory word | example |
| 1. finally = and more Indicates the connection of thoughts, the order of presentation; Contains any evaluation of the action | Can, finally, play area to be used. | Finally = finally , after all, after all You can add a suffix THEN | Finally he arrived. (Finally-then ) |
| 2. Generally = generally speaking ( Rarely introductory) | To me, in general, it seems strange. | Generally = usually, constantly, always, at all | He generally does not want to be treated. (= completely) |
| 3.However = stands in the middle or at the end of a sentence | He, but, got lost. | However = but It stands at the beginning of a sentence, including a complex one, or between homogeneous members. | The topic is not new. however (=but) interesting. The cannonade got weaker but(=but) the rattle of guns was still heard. |
| 4.So = hence, it has become. | The cloud moved to the west means, don't expect good weather. | Means = means | What means your silence? (= means) |
| 5. Finally = finally | Yes, you shut up eventually. | Finally = in the end, after everything, as a result of everything | They argued for a long time and eventually made a decision that suited everyone. |
| 6. Anyway = has a restrictive value | I, anyway, didn't say that. | Anyway = under any circumstances | Anyway he will never leave his former pet. |
| 7. Mainly = the most important | To prepare for the lesson, you need to | Mainly = predominantly, mainly, mostly | He survived mainly thanks to my friends. |
III . Note:
1 . Are not introductory words
maybe, I mean, literally, as if, here, after all, in addition, to top it off, hardly, suddenly, nevertheless, even, hardly, hardly, as if, exactly, just, as if, as if, exclusively, necessarily, besides, meanwhile, sort of, allegedly, moreover, almost, exactly, sometimes, I suppose, nevertheless, approximately, ultimately, approximately, decisively, supposedly, moreover, in no way, truly, therefore, simply, by decision, by suggestion, by order.
2. If the words for example, in particular, especially, let's suppose, suppose, say etc. stand at the beginning of a clarifying or connecting turnover, then they are distinguished along with the turnover, i.e. after them no sign is placed.
Compare:
He, for example, likes to read fiction.
Work can be submitted soon, for example tomorrow.
3 . Union BUT(less often BUT) is not separated by a comma from the subsequent introductory word, if it forms one whole with it: which means, and yet, and consequently, and secondly, and secondly, but therefore etc.
For example:
The misfortune did not change him at all, on the contrary, he became even stronger and more energetic.
Life of Nikita was not permanent holiday, but, on the contrary, was incessant service.
4. After other unions, a comma before the introductory word is put.
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"zadanie_17__bez_answer_"
Task 17 - 2017
Option 1
While we burn with freedom (1)
As long as hearts for honor are alive (2)
My friend (3) we will devote to the fatherland (4)
Souls wonderful impulses!
Comrade (5) believe: she will rise,
Russia will wake up from sleep
And on the ruins of autocracy
Write our names!(A.S. Pushkin)
The flying ridge is thinning clouds;
sad star (1) evening star (2)
Your beam has silvered the withered plains (3)
And the dormant bay (4) and the black rocks of the top;
I love your faint light in heavenly heights:
He woke up the thoughts that fell asleep in me. (A.S. Pushkin)
Fly to us (1) quiet evening (2)
To peaceful fields!
We sing a song to you (3)
Evening dawn.
It's getting dark in the valley (4)
And the hour of the night is near:
On the dome of a birch (5)
The last ray is gone.(Lev Modzalevsky)
The benefit of communicating with books is that they (1) no doubt (2) increase literacy, instill a taste for a good word and (3) of course (4) love for the language. My friends(5) read books! They (6) certainly (7) played and continue to play (8) the most important role in the development of our civilization.
Are you still alive (1) my old lady?
I'm alive too. Hello to you (2) hello!
Let it flow over your hut (3)
That evening unspeakable light.
They write to me that you (4) are worried (5)
She was very sad about me,
What do you often go to the road (6)
In an old-fashioned ramshackle.(S. Yesenin)
I couldn't tell anyone (1)
The sacred words "father" and "mother".
Of course (2) you wanted (3) old man (4)
So that I wean in the monastery (5)
From these sweet names -
In vain: their sound was born
With me.(M.Yu. Lermontov)
O (1) spring without end and without edge -
Endless and endless dream!
I recognize you (2) life! I accept!
And I greet with the sound of the shield!
I accept you (3) failure (4)
And (5) good luck (6) my hello to you!
In the enchanted realm of weeping,
In the secret of laughter - there is no shame!(A. Blok)
We know (1) what is now on the scales (2)
And what is happening now.
The hour of courage has struck on our clocks,
And courage will not leave us.
It's not scary to lie dead under the bullets,
It is not bitter to be homeless, -
And we will save you (3) Russian speech (4)
Great Russian word.
We will carry you free and clean,
And we will give to our grandchildren, and we will save from captivity
Forever!(A.A. Akhmatova)
Oh you (1) my steppe (2)
Free steppe (3)
Wide (4) you (5) steppe (6)
Spread out
To the Black Sea
Moved up!
I visit you
Not one came
I came by myself
With a scythe;
I have been walking for a long time (7)
Steppe grass(8)
Along and across
She wanted to...(A.Koltsov)
Puff out (1) shoulder!
Swing (2) hand!
You smell in the face (3)
Wind from noon!
Refresh, excite
The steppe is spacious!
Buzz (4) scythe (5)
Like a swarm of bees!
Lightning (6) scythe (7)
Shine all around!
Noise (8) grass (9)
Podkoshonnaya;
Bow (10) flowers (11)
Head to the ground!(A.Koltsov)
Option 2
1. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
My friends (1) our union is beautiful!
He (2) as a soul (3) is inseparable (4) and eternal -
Unwavering (5) free and carefree (6)
He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses.
Wherever fate takes us
And happiness wherever it leads
We are all the same: the whole world is a foreign land for us;
Fatherland to us Tsarskoye Selo. (A.S. Pushkin)
2. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
The forest drops its crimson dress (1)
Frost silvers (2) a withered field,
Glancing through the day (3) as if involuntarily
And hide behind the edge of the surrounding mountains.
Blaze (4) fireplace (5) in my desert cell;
And you (6) wine (7) autumn cold friend,
Pour a pleasant hangover into my chest,
Minute oblivion of bitter torments. (A.S. Pushkin)
3. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
“My light (1) mirror! Tell
Yes, tell the whole truth:
Am I the sweetest in the world,
All blush and whiter?
And a mirror in response to her:
“You (2) of course (3) no doubt;
You (4) queen (5) are sweeter than all,
All blush (6) and whiter. (A.S. Pushkin)
4. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Along my street which year (1)
footsteps sound - my friends are leaving.
My friends slow departure (2)
that darkness outside the windows is pleasing.
Running my friends deeds,
there is neither music nor singing in their houses,
and only (3) as before (4) Degas girls
pigeons straighten their feathers.
Well, well, well, let fear not wake
you, defenseless, in the middle of this night.
Mysterious Passion for Betrayal (5)
my friends (6) clouds your eyes.
Oh loneliness (7) how cool your character is!
Glittering with an iron compass (8)
how cold you close the circle,
not heeding the useless assurances. (Bella Akhmadulina)
5. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
For laughter and evil:
Common sense
clear sun,
white snow -
I fell in love:
Cloudy Midnight(1)
Flattering Flute(2)
Idle thoughts.
To this heart (3)
Homeland - Sparta.
Do you remember fox (4)
Spartan heart?
- Lighter fox
hide under clothes
How to hide you (5)
Jealousy and tenderness!(M. Tsvetaeva)
6. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Do you remember (1) Alyosha (2) the roads of the Smolensk region,
How endless, evil rains fell,
How weary women carried krinki to us,
Pressing (3) like children (4) from the rain to their chest,
....
You know (5) probably (6) still Motherland -
Not a city house, where I lived festively,
And these country roads that grandfathers (7) passed,
With simple crosses (8) of their Russian graves. ( K.Simonov)
7. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
And now here (1) in this forgotten wilderness (2)
In the abode of desert blizzards and cold,
A sweet consolation was prepared for me:
Three of you, friends of my soul,
I hugged here. Poet's house disgraced (3)
About my Pushchin (4) you were the first to visit;
You delighted the day of exile (5) sad,
You turned his Lyceum on the day . (A.S. Pushkin)
8. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
How Good you(1) about sea nocturnal (2) -
It's radiant here, it's gray-dark there...
In the moonlight (3) as if alive (4)
It walks and breathes and it shines...
In the endless, in the free space
Shine (5) and movement, roar and thunder...
Dim radiance bathed in the sea(6)
How good are you in the wilderness of the night! (F.I. Tyutchev)
9. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
You are a great swell (1) you are a sea swell (2)
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
Waves are rushing, thundering and sparkling,
Sensitive stars (3) look from above.
In this excitement, in this radiance,
All (4) as in a dream (5) I'm lost standing -
Oh (6) how willingly in their charm
I would drown my whole soul... (F.I. Tyutchev)
10. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Of course (1) you wanted (2) old man (3)
So that I wean in the monastery (4)
From these sweet names, -
In vain: the sound of them was born (5)
With me. And I've seen others
Fatherland, home, friends, relatives,
And I did not find
Not only lovely souls - graves!(M.Yu. Lermontov)
Option 3
1. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
"Month (1) month (2) my friend (3)
Gilded horn!
You rise (4) in deep darkness,
round-faced, light-eyed,
And, loving your custom,
The stars (5) are watching you.
Al will you refuse me an answer?
Have you seen anywhere in the world
Are you a young princess?
I am her fiancé." (A.S. Pushkin)
2. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
I greet you (1) The gray-haired Caucasus!
I am not a stranger to your mountains:
They carried me as a baby
And accustomed to the skies of the desert.
And for a long time I dreamed from now on
All the sky of the south and the cliffs of the mountains.
You are beautiful (2) the harsh edge of freedom (3)
And you (4) thrones eternal nature (5)
When, like blue smoke, the clouds
In the evening they fly to you (6) from afar,
Above you curl, whisper like shadows,
Like over the head of huge ghosts (7)
Fluttering feathers - and the moon
Through the blue arches wanders alone.(M.Yu. Lermontov)
3. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
How beautiful the winter sun
When, wandering between the gray clouds,
On white snow in vain (1)
It throws a weak beam!
So sure (2) young maiden (3)
Your image (4) shines before me;
But your gaze, promising happiness,
Will it revive my soul? (M.Yu. Lermontov)
4. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Alone with you (1) brother (2)
I would like to be:
There is little in the world (3) they say (4)
I have to live!
You will go home soon
Look... What? my destiny (5)
To tell the truth(6) very
Nobody is concerned.(M.Yu. Lermontov)
5. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
I lovetfucking (1) damask (2) my dagger (3)
Comrade bright and cold.
The pensive Georgian forged you for revenge,
A free Circassian sharpened for a formidable battle.
You are given to me as a companion, a dumb pledge of love,
And to the wanderer in you (4) the example is not useless:
Yes, I will not change and I will be firm in soul,
How are you, how are you (5) my iron friend. (M.Yu. Lermontov)
6. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
About the dreams of youth (1) we languish with memories,
With secret joy and secret shudder (2)
Beautiful child (3) I look at you...
Oh (4) if you knew (5) how much I love you ! (M.Yu. Lermontov)
7. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Farewell (1) Onegin (2) I have to go.
"I'm not holding you; but where are you (3)
Do you spend your evenings?"
- At the Larins. - "That's wonderful.
Have mercy! and it's not hard for you
There every evening to kill?
- Not a little. - "Can not understand.
From there I see what it is:
First (Listen (4) am I right?)(5)
Simple, Russian family,
Great zeal for guests
Jam, eternal conversation (6)
About the rain, about the flax, about the barnyard..." (A.S. Pushkin)
8. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
While we burn with freedom
As long as hearts for honor are alive (1)
My friend (2) homeland dedicate (3)
Souls lovely impulses!
Comrade (4) believe: she will rise,
Star of captivating happiness
Russia will wake up from sleep
And on the ruins of autocracy
Will write our names! (A.S. Pushkin)
9. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
God's command (1) O muse (2) be obedient (3)
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander (4) were accepted with indifference
And don't argue with the fool. (A.S. Pushkin)
10. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Dear Birthday (1)
Oh dear Pushchin!
The hermit came to you (2)
With an open mind;
Hug with a stranger -
But a good singer (3)
Meet do not fuss (4)
From the front porch. (A.S. Pushkin)
Option 4
(“Notes of a hunter” by I.S. Turgenev)
1. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Listen (1) old man, - I spoke, touching his shoulder, - do me a favor (2) help.
- Walk with God! I'm tired: I went to the city, - he told me and dragged his coat over his head.
- Do me a favor, I continued, I... I will cry.
- I don't need your pay.
- Yes, please (3) old man... He got up halfway (4) and sat down, crossing his thin legs.
- I would bring you (5) perhaps (6) to cuts 1. Here the merchants bought a grove from us - God be their judge, they are building a grove, but they built an office, God be their judge. There you would have ordered an axle from them or bought a finished one.
2. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Barin (1) and master! Kasyan suddenly uttered in his sonorous voice.
I got up in surprise; Until now he had scarcely answered my questions, but then suddenly he spoke himself.
- What do you want? I asked.
- Well (2) why did you kill the bird? he began, looking me straight in the face.
- How for what? .. Corncrake is a game: you can eat it.
- Not for this you killed him (3) master: you will eat him! You killed him for your amusement.
3. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- And what (1) old man (2) tell the truth, do you (3) tea (4) want to visit your homeland?
- Yes, I would look. But (5) is good everywhere. I am a familyless person, fidget. So what! a lot, or what, you will sit out at home? But how you go, how you go, - he picked up, raising his voice, - and it will make it easier (6) right. And the sun shines on you, and God knows you better, and you sing better. Here, you look, what kind of grass grows; well, you will notice - you will break it. Water runs here (7) for example (8) spring, spring, holy water; well, get drunk - you will notice too. The birds are singing in the sky...
4. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Suddenly he shuddered and fell silent, peering intently into the thicket of the forest. I turned around and saw a little peasant girl, about eight years old, in a blue sarafan, with a checkered scarf on her head and a wicker box on her bare sunburnt arm. She (1) probably (2) did not expect to meet us (3) as they say (4) stumbled upon us, and stood motionless in the green thicket of hazel, on a shady lawn, looking fearfully at me with her black eyes.
- Annushka(5) Annushka! come here, don’t be afraid,” the old man called affectionately.
5. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Tell me (1) please (2) Erofey (3) - I spoke, - what kind of person is this Kasyan?
Erofei did not answer me quickly: in general, he was a thoughtful and unhurried person; but I could immediately guess that my question amused and calmed him.
- Flea something? he finally spoke, twitching the reins.
- A wonderful person: as there is a holy fool, such a wonderful person you will not soon find another. After all, (4) for example (5), after all, he’s neither given nor taken by our savras: he got out of hand too ... from work, that is. Inconsistent person (6) as is. Sings (7) however (8) well. So important - nothing, nothing.
6. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Listen, (1) Ferret, - I told him, - why don’t you pay off your master?
- Why should I buy back? Now I know my master, and I know my quitrent... our master is a good one.
- It's better to be free, I said.
Hor looked at me from the side.
- Let’s go,” he said.
- Well, why don't you pay off?
Horus shook his head.
- What (2) father (3) do you order to pay off?
- Well (4) full (5) old man...
7. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Look, - I objected to him, - how clean Kalinich's apiary is.
- Bees would not live (1) father (2) - he said with a sigh.
“And what,” he asked me another time, “do you have your own patrimony?” - "There is". - "Far away from here?" - "A hundred miles." - “Why do you (3) father (4) live in your patrimony?” - "I live." - “Do you get more (5) tea (6) with a gun?” - "I confess, yes." - “And you are doing well (7) father (8); shoot grouse for your health and change the headman more often.
8. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
On the fourth day, in the evening, Mr. Polutykin sent for me. I was sorry to part with the old man. Together with Kalinich I got into the cart. “Well (1) goodbye (2) Ferret (3) be healthy,” I said ... “Goodbye (4) Fedya.” - "Farewell (5) father (6) farewell, do not forget us." We went; the dawn had just flared up.
9. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- And what (1) Arina Timofeevna (2) tea (3) are you still sick?
- I'm sick.
- What's wrong?
- Cough at night hurts.
- The gentleman (4) seems (5) to have fallen asleep, ”Yermolai said after a short silence.
- You don't go to the doctor (6) Arina: it will get worse.
- I don't even go.
- And come visit me.
Arina lowered her head.
- I'll drive my wife away just in case, - Yermolai continued ... - Right.
- You would be better off waking up the master (7) Ermolai Petrovich: you see (8) the potatoes are baked.
10. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Well (1) what (2) Mikhailo Savelich, - I began, - did you catch fish?
- But if you please look into the wicker: I got two perches and about five golovliks ... Show me (3) Styopa.
Stepushka held out a whip to me.
- How are you (4) Stepan? I asked him.
- And ... and ... and ... nothing ... oh, father, little by little, ”Stepan answered, stammering, as if he were moving pounds with his tongue.
- Is Mitrofan healthy?
- Healthy, ka ... how about (5) father.
The poor man turned away.
- Yes, something is pecking badly, - the Fog spoke, - it hurts hot; the fish all huddled under the bushes, sleeping ... Put on (6) a worm (7) Styopa. (Stepushka took out a worm, put it in his palm, slapped it twice, put it on a hook, spat and gave it to Fog.) Thank you (8) Styopa ... And you (9) father, - he continued, turning to me, - to hunt if you please?
Option 5
(According to the story by N. Nosov "Dunno in the Sunny City")
1. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
As everyone already knows (1) Dunno after the trip became much wiser, began to learn to read (2) and write, read all grammar and almost all arithmetic, but just then for some reason he got sick of learning. No one (3) of course (4) says that Dunno is an incorrigible bummer. Or rather (5) he just went astray.
2. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Well (1) you understand (2) - Dunno said, spreading his arms, - everything in our city is somehow not as it should be. There are no (3) understand (4) miracles, there is nothing magical ... Whether it's in the old days! Then, almost at every turn, there were wizards, sorcerers, or at least witches. No wonder this is told in fairy tales.
- Of course (5) not without reason, - Button agreed. - But wizards were (6) not only in the old days. They still exist, but not everyone can meet them.
3. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Who can meet them? Maybe (1) you? - Dunno asked with a sneer.
- What are you, what are you! - Button waved (2) her hands. - You know, I'm such a coward that if I meet a wizard now, I (3) probably (4) won't say a word from fear. But you (5) probably (6) could talk to the wizard, because you (7) are very brave.
4. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Look you! - Dunno was surprised. - And what (1) in your opinion (2) is considered a good deed? If I (3) for example (4) get up in the morning (5) and wash myself with cold water and soap - will this be a good deed?
- Of course (6) - said Button. - If it will be hard for someone, and you will help, if someone will be offended, and you will protect, these will also be good deeds. Even if someone helps you, and you say thank you for it, you will also do well, because you should always be (7) grateful and polite.
- Well, (8) in my opinion (9) this is not difficult, - Dunno said.
5. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Look, - said Donut, - Dunno (1) see (2) also decided to become a doctor. That will be fun when he starts to heal everyone!
- No, he (3) probably (4) decided to suck up to Pilyulkin so that he would not give castor oil, - answered Syropchik.
Hearing these ridicule, Dunno got angry (5) and swung at Syrupchik with a mortar:
- And you (6) Syrupchik (7) be silent, otherwise I’ll give you a mortar!
6. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- I think so too, - picked up Pestrenky. - In my opinion (1) everything has an end. Here (2) for example (3) there is a lot of ice cream in this box, but I (4) have a suspicion that it will soon come to an end.
7. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Listen (1) Motley (2) you better not make me angry! The driver should not be nervous when he is sitting behind the wheel, otherwise an accident will happen.
- So (3) I have to tell a lie if you're driving?
- What lie? It's like I'm teaching you to tell a lie! - Dunno flared up. - Listen (4) Button (5) tell him, otherwise I'm not responsible for myself!
8. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Leave it better (1) Dunno (2) otherwise we will get into an accident again, - said the Button.
- Calm down, we won't get anywhere, - Dunno said carelessly.
Dunno increased (3) heating. This didn't help either. Soon (4) however (5) the road went downhill. The driver of the yellow car began to slow down slightly so that the car did not accelerate very much on the descent.
Dunno (6), on the contrary (7), released the brakes, and his car (8) began to roll faster and faster.
9. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Button also looked at the animals with great interest (1) and did not cease to be surprised. She had a very good heart. Therefore, every time she sighed sadly (2) and said:
- Oh you (3) poor things! Why were you locked up in a cage? After all, you (4) probably (5) want to take a walk ...
10. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- I'm not evil (1) Button! I've been in such pain all the time because of that Leaf. My conscience has completely bitten (2) my word of honour! Don't be angry. After all, everything ended well, and now Leaf has already (3) probably (4) returned to Bukovka.
Option 6
(based on the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin")
1. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Do not live (1) as without shag (2)
From bombing to another
Without a good saying
Or some hint
Without you (3) Vasily Terkin (4)
Vasya Terkin is my hero
And more than anything else
Not to live for sure -
Without which? without the truth,
Truth, straight into the soul beating,
Yes, she would be thicker,
No matter how bitter.
What else? .. And all (5) perhaps.
In a word (6) a book about a fighter
No beginning, no end.
2. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Relax, eat hard
Light up and don't blow your mouth.
Worse (1) brother (2) like a mortar (3)
Suddenly the sabantuy starts.
He will take you deeper, -
Kiss mother earth.
But keep in mind (4) darling (5)
This is an average Sabantuy.
3. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
The guy was silent for a minute,
To clean the mouthpiece
As if by someone
Wink: hold on (1) buddy...
- Here you went out early (2)
He looked - into your sweat and trembling;
The rod of a thousand German tanks ...
- A thousand tanks? Well (3) brother (4) you're lying...
4. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Terkin - who is he?
Let's be frank:
Just a guy himself (1)
He is ordinary.
However (2) the guy at least where.
Guy like that (3)
Every company always has (4)
Yes, and in every platoon.
5. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Rota ducked her head.
The snow turns black from the fire.
Terkin is spinning; Tula, Tula!
Tula (1) Can you hear me?
Winking furtively at the fighters:
They say (2) let it not work for us, -
Blowed into the tube for order (3)
Gives to the commander.
The commander is in the habit, -
The tube down (5) lay sideways,
So that the ground does not blow out.
Everything is fine.
- Tula (6) Tula (7)
Help with a light...
6. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
looked furtively,
Surprised - laughter and sin:
All around lie guys
Burying your nose in the snow.
Terkin got up, is he such a jerk,
He shook himself off and looked like:
- Stop (1) lads (2) sniffing the ground (3)
Not good, he says.
7. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
On the move he moved a grenade through the door.
Jumped down (1) disappeared in the smoke.
- Officers and soldiers (2)
Come out one by one!
Silence. Stripe of light.
Nobody (3) seems (4) there.
Nobody. And I'm alone.
8. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Silent fire. And it became quiet.
And they go - one, the other ...
Terkin (1) stop. Breathe evenly.
Terkin (2) let me in closer.
Terkin (3) aim. Bay rather (4)
Terkin. Heart (5) is not a part.
9. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Would you like to tell (1) guys (2)
Though do not believe your eyes (3)
Like a German soldier
In two steps I saw alive.
He came up in something white (4)
Bent over from the fire (5)
And as if he did the job:
Came to me - to kill me.
In this ditch (6) just from the stove (7)
Started going down the back...
10. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Terkin (1) friend (2) don't misfire.
You'll be lost, mind you.
A second before the break (3)
Know (4) wanted to set an example;
Jumped straight into the ditch (5)
An officer in a sheepskin coat.
Option 7
(sentences taken from "The Parable of the Potato and the Grudge")
1. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
The student asked the teacher:
- Teacher (1) you are so wise. You are always in a good mood, never angry. Help me to be like that too.
The teacher agreed (2) and asked the student to bring potatoes and a transparent bag.
- If you get angry at someone (3) and hold a grudge, said the teacher, then (4) first (5) take this potato. Secondly (6) on one side of it write your name, on the other side - the name of the person with whom the conflict occurred, and put these potatoes in a bag.
2. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- And that's (1) I guess (2) everything? - the student asked in bewilderment.
- No (3) of course, - answered the teacher. You (4) my student (5) must always carry this bag with you. And every time you take offense at someone, add potatoes to it.
Student (6) of course (7) agreed.
Some time has passed. The student's bag was replenished with a few more potatoes and became already quite heavy.
3. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Of course (1) it was very inconvenient to always carry it with you. Of course (2) those potatoes that he put in at the very beginning began to spoil. It was covered with a slippery, nasty coating, some germinated, some bloomed and began to emit a sharp unpleasant odor. The student came to the teacher and said:
- The teacher (3) is already (4) impossible (5) to carry around. Firstly (6) the bag is too heavy, and secondly (7) the potatoes have gone bad. Suggest something else.
4. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
But the teacher replied:
- The same thing happens (1) in your soul. When you (2) my student (3) are angry at someone, offended, then a heavy stone appears in your soul (4) undoubtedly (5). You just don't notice it right away. Then the stones become more and more. Actions turn into habits, habits into character, which gives rise to fetid vices.
5. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
And this load (1) is undoubtedly (2) very easy to forget, because it is too heavy to carry around with you all the time. I gave you the opportunity to observe the whole process from the outside. Every time you decide to be offended or (3) vice versa (4) offend someone, think about whether you need this stone.
Our vices (5) of course (6) are generated by ourselves. Do you (7) need to carry a bag of rotten potatoes inside?
Option 8
(Sentences from Yuri Bondarev's story "Forgive us!")
1. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
He was met by (1) an elderly woman. He didn't know her. “No, the Snegirevs don’t live here after the war, everyone left. Maybe (2) I forgot, but they seem to be in Sverdlovsk. It seems (3) their son is the director of the plant. He came on vacation two years ago. ) a citizen? A relative of them (5) or what?"
2. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Did (1) he still love her? He did not understand what possessed him, a married and family man (2) perhaps (3) an instant feeling of acute regret that everything turned out somehow wrong (4) perhaps (5) memories of those first sensations (6) flashed a long time ago happiness.
3. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Vera's aged mother (he immediately recognized her, but she did not immediately recognize him: "My God (1) Pavlusha (2) is that you? Has (3) Pavlik arrived?"), absurdly fussing and guiltily apologizing for the mess in the room, sat him on the sofa and began to (4) too hastily (5) question and (6) at the same time (7) say that "we heard, we all know how far you went", and he, barely understanding her, impatiently waiting for when she finished asking questions, finally asked in a faltering voice:
- And where is Vera? .. Where is she?
4. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Ve-era? She looked at him strangely. - Faith? - she repeated more quietly and turned away, raised her hand (1) as if blocking her face.
He became stuffy.
- Where's she? he repeated almost in a whisper.
- Don't you know (2) Pavlush? No Faith... No Faith... She's a nurse in the war...
- It can not be (3) - Safonov said confusedly and muffled.
5. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
In the illuminated doorway stood (1) a short, thin woman, and he immediately, without even distinguishing her face, recognized her ...
- Maria Petrovna (2) - Pavel Georgievich said quietly and invitingly, - do you recognize me?
“Come in,” she said in that polite, stern voice with which (3) obviously (4) she addressed the parents of her students when they came to “talk”.
6. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Yes (5) Maria Petrovna, - answered Safonov.
She looked at him suspiciously.
7. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Pavel Georgievich entered (1) lowering his hands, and, looking into the short-sighted eyes of his teacher, repeated:
- You don't know? Maria Petrovna (2) it's me...
She looked up at him for several seconds, he saw her painfully pale, aged (3) as if emaciated face, and at that moment, holding back pity, noted to himself how much she had changed, became even more thin, fragile, only gray the hair was (4) cut short and familiar.
8. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Pasha Safonov... Pasha? she said almost frightened, and it seemed to Pavel Georgievich (1) that her face was trembling. - Sit down (2) please... I'm sorry, I'm in a mess... Sit down (3) please (4) right here. To the table (5) Pasha... Have you arrived?
9. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
They sat down at the table. Maria Petrovna, with incomprehensible alertness, with disbelief, smiling at him with her short-sighted eyes, quickly repeated:
- Well, (1) Pasha (2) you came ... not to know. Are you on a business trip?
- I'm passing through (3) Maria Petrovna, - he answered and did not say that he was resting (4) in the south, which was (5) probably (6) frivolous and inconvenient to talk about.
10. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Maria Petrovna came in with a teapot and said cheerfully:
- All is ready! Well (1) Pasha (2) tell us about yourself, how are you? But (3) I know a lot about you. From newspapers, articles, read your book. You married? she asked hastily (4).
“Yes, Maria Petrovna,” Safonov answered.
11. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Maria Petrovna shook her head (1) and said thoughtfully:
- I remember your class well. pre-war class. They were naughty, capable boys. And I well remember your friendship with Vitya Snegirev.
- Do you remember (2) Maria Petrovna (3) how you gave me "bad" in algebra? In seventh grade (4) it seems...
12. Put all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
- Maria Petrovna (1) but I wonder if anyone writes to you? Do you remember (2) Volodya Boykov, Nina Vinokurova? Borya Gmyrya? Do you know anything about them?
Maria Petrovna, again without answering, looked back at the window, there was a black garden, through the trees (3) pulsatingly (4) the light of a passing trolley bus flashed.
- No (5) Pasha, - she said. - Kolya Sibirtsev often comes to me. He works at the mine. He had a failed life. He comes by often.
Safonov vaguely remembered Kolya Sibirtsev. This guy was (6) seems (7) quiet, timid, inconspicuous, did not differ in any special abilities, and Pavel Georgievich barely imagined his face.
Option 9
(Fragments of "Tales of the Honest" N. Aine)
1. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
... she cut her hair and dyed it in the first week, and from the second she already signed up for some sections, and now she didn’t turn her tongue to call her “fragile”. And she fought (1) really (2) great.
Moreover (3) and this always surprised both students and teachers, she always fought (4) for no reason.
2. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
And she fought (1) really (2) great.
Moreover, (3) and this always surprised both students and teachers, she always fought (4) for no reason. So this time, there was no reason to get into a fight with high school students - just one boy, whom they pushed, not letting go of the circle, amused by his helplessness. And the boy was just a core, and he just felt bad, but he could not escape.
“The bastards (5) are completely brutalized! - flying from the back, Agnia knocked one of the high school students to the ground (6) and held out her hand to the boy, - Let's go!
3. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
He, staggering from weakness, stepped towards her (1) from the environment.
“Agni (2) greyhounds…” - there was (3) behind his back (4) a threatening whisper.
And the high school student, spitting, got up from the ground.
Agnia jerked the boy behind his back.
"Run!" - she ordered, pushing him away, and stepped towards the opponents.
4. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Many times the students (1) looked absolutely (2) calmly as her strength left her with every blow. But Agnia (3) never (4) gave up. She fell, she got up or could not get up, but she never gave up.
Therefore, they beat her (5) always (6) very cruelly. And this time it should be even worse (7) probably.
5. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
A high school student (1) with a cut lip stepped towards the girl first, grinning disgustingly and flexing his fists. You could hear them crunching.
Agnia just grinned and dropped her bag on the ground. Of course (2) things will be much worse (3) than ever.
Option 10
(The task is based on fragments of Bulat Okudzhava's poems)
1. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Akulina Ivanovna (1) my dear nurse.
In a corner (2) by the kitchen she sat, sipping tea,
Like a lark (4) over a still green spikelet.
2. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Akulina Ivanovna (1) I remember everything from our troubles.
That is why my conscience (2) is filled with trembling.
That's why my heart gives interruptions,
and not only when the nightingale sings outside the window.
Akulina Ivanovna (3) my dear nanny (4)
everything that we have lost, let it flare up again, burning down,
all that we have done, and all that we will do -
like morning smoke over your Tambov tombstone.
3. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Akulina Ivanovna (1) near the Church of the Savior (2)
you instructed me, on the thin legs of a petitioner,
and after that I burned my soul and kneaded the roads ...
I hoped not (3) to know (4) and not (5) to know (6) I asked.
Ah (7) probably (8) knowingly inflamed with heavenly power (9)
your Russian fire over my Georgian passion,
knotted hands hovered warmer and kinder,
like your prayer over my Armenian grief.
4. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
And we are with you (1) brother (2) from the infantry.
And summer is better than winter.
With the war (3) we ended the scores,
take your overcoat, let's go home.
To the ashes and ashes of our streets (4)
again, again (5) my friend (6)
starlings (7) missing returned,
take your overcoat, let's go home.
5. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
And you (1) with your eyes closed
sleep under a plywood star.
Get up, get up (2) fellow soldier (3)
take your overcoat, let's go home.
What will I say (4) to your family,
how can I stand before the widow?
Is it possible to swear by yesterday?
take your overcoat, let's go home.
6. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Who were you crying for?
Everything (1) to know (2) not about me,
while I stomped an angel (3)
in a protective sheet.
Waiting for (4) maybe (5) words,
and I barely stood
and I didn't know a word
I forgot all the words.
7. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Ah (1) war (2) what have you done (3) vile:
became quiet (4) our yards,
our boys raised their heads,
matured (5) they are for the time being,
barely loomed on the threshold,
and left, after the soldier of the soldier ...
Goodbye (6) boys! Boys (7)
try to go back.
8. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Oh (1) war (2) what have you (3) mean (4) done:
instead of weddings - separation and smoke.
Our girls (5) white dresses
gave away to their sisters.
Boots - well, where can you get away from them?
Yes, green wings of shoulder straps ...
You spit on gossips (6) girls (7)
we'll settle accounts with them later.
9. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Ah, what amazing nights!
Only my mother is sad and worried:
"What are you walking (1) my son (2)
lonely, lonely?
From the end to the end of April (3) I keep the path.
The stars and (4) became rounder and kinder.
"Mom (5) mom (6) I'm on duty,
I'm on duty in April!"
10. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
"My son (1) I remember everything that happened,
your eyes became sad (2) son.
Maybe (3) she forgot you
don't want to know, don't want to know?
From the end to the end of April (4) I keep the path.
The stars and (5) became rounder and kinder.
"What are you (6) mom (7) just I'm on duty,
I am on duty in April.
1 felled place in the forest
Punctuation marks for separate definitions and circumstances
Isolation- a way of semantic highlighting or clarification. In written speech, separations are separated by commas. Only minor members of the sentence are separated.
1. Separate definitions
Separate definitions in a sentence can be expressed:- participial turnover; For example, in at the far end of the park, overgrown with tall grass and bushes, was an alley.
- single participles or adjectives; For example: The sky, gloomy and inhospitable, covered the city.
- adjective with dependent words; For example: On the table I saw a book that looked like an ancient encyclopedia.
2. Standalone applications
Detached applications are syntactically definitions.Separate applications in a sentence can be expressed:
- nouns; For example: We schoolchildren are tired of exams.
- nouns with dependent words; For example: Pyotr Ivanovich, our good friend, helped us.
3. Special circumstances
Separate circumstances in the proposal can be expressed:- single gerunds; For example: Dancing and spinning, she looked at me.
- participle turnover; For example: Having traveled several kilometers, I saw a traveler on the side of the road.
4. Clarifying, explanatory and connecting members of the sentence
- Specifying members of a sentence narrow the concept, clarify it. As a rule, they are represented by circumstances of place, time, mode of action, degree, measure. For example: In the forest, behind the road, there is a chamomile meadow.
- Explanatory members of the sentence they call differently those concepts to which they refer, represent another name for these concepts. Often explanatory terms are accompanied by unions: that is, exactly, namely, or in the meaning of "that is." For example: Behemoth, or hippopotamus, is of interest to scientists.
- Attaching members of the proposal transmit additional information. Such members are usually introduced by words and combinations of words: even, in particular, especially, mainly, including, in particular, for example, and moreover, and therefore, yes and, yes and only, yes and in general, and, also, and also, moreover etc. For example: There is a lot of nobility in people, especially in women.
5. Comparative turnovers
Comparative phrases beginning with comparative conjunctions as if, as if, exactly, than, than, as if, like, that, as well as etc. are separated by commas. For example: He flew into the room like a whirlwind.
What is meant?
The language has appeals, introductory words and combinations, introductory sentences, plug-in constructions. All these phenomena are related to the topic. But in KIMs the circle of linguistic phenomena is narrowed. Therefore, we will limit ourselves to introductory words and sentences. What do you need to know about them?
1. Introductory words are not members of the sentence.
2. Introductory words are not grammatically related to the members of the sentence.
The fact that they are distinguished by commas in the letter is known to everyone. The difficulty is not in punctuation as such, but in the need to recognize such words, combinations of words and constructions. The fact is that in Russian the same word can act in different roles. How not to confuse introductory words with homonymous members of the sentence? We learn to distinguish. To do this, compare:
Fortunately, my mother did not ask what time I returned, and there was no unpleasant conversation.
Luckily- introductory word, separated by a comma.
Dishes beat fortunately.
Luckily- addition, syntactic connection - control: beats (for what?) Fortunately.
Try to drop Luckily. In the second sentence, this cannot be done without violating the meaning and grammatical structure of the sentence.
Compare:
Dishes beat fortunately. ≠ Dishes break.
You feel it's not the same thing. Why does the second sentence not allow for such a transformation? because Luckily- a member of a sentence, grammatically and semantically related to another member of the sentence. If it is excluded, the structure changes. In the first sentence Luckily is not a member of the proposal. In addition, it is not grammatically related to any of the members of the sentence. Therefore, the structure of the sentence will not change if the introductory word is omitted.
In Russian, many words can be used in two ways: both as introductory words and as members of a sentence.
Maybe life Yes, my brother will become a musician. ≠ Brother may be musician: he has perfect pitch.
You, right, from the north? ≠ You solved the problem right.
maybe he will call today. ≠ Article Maybe write in a week.
You see We weren't late, you needn't have worried. ≠ You see road sign?
In some cases, a double interpretation of the meaning of the sentence is possible, for example:
She is definitely right.
undoubtedly\u003d of course: speaker's confidence, introductory word
She is definitely right.
undoubtedly\u003d without conditions and restrictions, circumstance of measure and degree
Then he became a famous actor.
after - introductory word, introductory word
Then he became a famous actor.
after= later, circumstance of time
In such cases, the broader context and intonation of the oral statement or the punctuation of the written one help to distinguish between introductory words and sentence members. But in KIMs, commas are not spaced: everyone must determine for himself whether they are needed or not. This means that the only thing that can be guided by is the meaning of the sentence and the possibility - the impossibility of omitting the analyzed words without violating the grammatical connections and structure of the sentence.
Lists of examples will help you notice introductory words and sentences.
What is expressed
Emotions, feelings, evaluation
Fortunately, to joy, unfortunately, to chagrin, to annoyance, unfortunately, to shame, to surprise, to amazement, to happiness, to joy, to surprise, fortunately, in truth, in conscience, in justice, what good , strange thing, amazing thing, funny to say, do not be reproachful
Degree of reliability, possibility, confidence
Without a doubt, without any doubt, without a doubt, without a doubt, certainly, of course, of course, of course, undoubtedly, of course, apparently, apparently, probably, probably, probably, probably, probably, probably, probably, maybe, maybe , one must suppose, one can suppose, one must think, (I) think, (I) believe, (I) hope, (I) believe
Message source
According to ..., according to information ..., according to ..., according to rumors, in accordance with ..., they say, inform, transmit, in my opinion, in my opinion, in my opinion, I remember, I remember
Sequence of presentation, coherence of speech
Therefore, so, in this way, means, finally, therefore, further, by the way, by the way, by the way, by the way, in general, in general, in particular, in addition, moreover, on the contrary, on the contrary, for example, to for example, firstly, secondly (and others like it), on the one hand, on the other hand
Formulation techniques, ways of expressing thoughts
In a word, in a word, in other words, in other words, in other words, more precisely, more precisely, in short, briefly, frankly, speaking the truth, bluntly speaking, not beating around the bush, putting it mildly, calling a spade a spade, if possible to say, if I may say so, so to speak, with your permission, it is better to say, more precisely, so to speak, as they say
Activating the attention of the interlocutor, including in order to establish trust
You understand (-you), you know (- you), you see (- you), understand (- those), believe (- those), listen (- those), agree (- those), imagine (- those), imagine ( -te) to yourself, imagine (those), do you believe (-ite), do you know (-you), I repeat, I emphasize, speaking between us, between us be said
The measure of what is being said
The most, the least, the most unusual, the most surprising, at least
Ordinary, typical of what is being said
It happens, it happened, it happens, it happened, as usual, as usual, as a last resort
Attention:
Introductory words are not words:
suddenly, as if, as if, literally, in addition, hardly, almost, hardly, allegedly, even, precisely, after all, certainly, here, after all, like, necessarily, exclusively, by decision, by proposal, by decree, finally, in the end and others like it.
They are never separated by commas.
By decision of the director, the lessons were canceled.
Kirill hardly knows where we are going. You need to call him.
Be sure to come! We will be waiting for you.
But he is right!
He supposedly did not recognize us.
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