With a subordinating and non-union relationship. An example of a sentence with an allied connection between parts

Unionless proposal- this is a type of complex sentence in which the connection between the predicative parts is expressed without the participation of unions or allied words. Communication in a non-union sentence is carried out with the help of punctuation, intonation and meaning, which depends on the context.

The teacher fell ill, the lecture was rescheduled for tomorrow.

This sentence has the meaning of a sequence of actions.

The lecture was rescheduled for tomorrow: the teacher fell ill.

Explanation.

The teacher fell ill - the lecture was rescheduled for tomorrow.

Causal relationship between sentences.

For ease of use, it is customary to use the abbreviation SBP.

Types of complex non-union proposals.

The classification of types of non-union sentences according to lexical meaning is the most widespread. In accordance with this, the following SBPs are distinguished:

- explanatory SBPs:

Something incomprehensible was happening on the street: an incredible noise was suddenly heard.

- SBP with sequence value:

The spring sun peeked out from behind the clouds, warming up quickly.

- additional SBP:

He decided to go to work: it was necessary to go instead of a sick partner.

- SBP with condition value:

I will return home - I will expel all the accustomed.

- SBP with cause value:

There was a sound of the opening door: Vika returned from school.

- SBP with time value:

The sun rose and the birds chirped merrily.

- SBP with mapping value:

Business time - fun hour.

- SBP with the meaning of the consequence:

The TV broke down: there was a power surge.

Scheme for parsing a complex non-union sentence.

1. Type of proposal (Complex non-union proposal).

2. The number of predicative parts in the SBP (Two, three or more. Highlight the grammatical bases).

3. The type of semantic connection between the parts of a complex non-union sentence.

4. Explain the placement of the selected sign in the sentence.

5. Draw a SBP diagram.

How to find a complex sentence with non-union and allied subordination?

BRAVO! SMART SUCH, IN A ROW ONE AND THE SAME COPYED
uh shit

For example:

for example:

For example:

for example:
non-union sentences are not connected by a union if there are several grammatical bases. For example:
The teacher is ill, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, I fell ill and will not be the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the gram. basis is represented by only one member-predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, to, when, etc.)
The main sign of the sl sub. suggestion:
- from one suggestion you can ask someone else a question. therefore, the one from which the question will be asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is ill, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to the complex suggestion in complex compositions, both parts are equal. it is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. as well as in the unionless. only in unionless there are no unions between simple sentences. but in compound sentences. that are part of the complex are connected by coordinating unions.
for example:
The teacher is ill and there is no lesson.
now compare all three options.
the teacher fell ill, there will be no lesson - an all-union proposal. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, and there will be no lesson - complex. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. Why is there no lesson? - The teacher is sick.
non-union sentences are not connected by a union if there are several grammatical bases. For example:
The teacher is ill, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, I fell ill and will not be the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the gram. basis is represented by only one member-predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, to, when, etc.)
The main sign of the sl sub. suggestion:
- from one suggestion you can ask someone else a question. therefore, the one from which the question will be asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is ill, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to the complex suggestion in complex compositions, both parts are equal. it is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. as well as in the unionless. only in unionless there are no unions between simple sentences. but in compound sentences. that are part of the complex are connected by coordinating unions.
for example:
The teacher is ill and there is no lesson.
now compare all three options.
the teacher fell ill, there will be no lesson - an all-union proposal. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, and there will be no lesson - complex. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. Why is there no lesson? - The teacher is sick.
non-union sentences are not connected by a union if there are several grammatical bases. For example:
The teacher is ill, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, I fell ill and will not be the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the gram. basis is represented by only one member-predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, to, when, etc.)
The main sign of the sl sub. suggestion:
- from one suggestion you can ask someone else a question. therefore, the one from which the question will be asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is ill, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to the complex suggestion in complex compositions, both parts are equal. it is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. as well as in the unionless. only in unionless there are no unions between simple sentences. but in compound sentences. that are part of the complex are connected by coordinating unions.
for example:
The teacher is ill and there is no lesson.
now compare all three options.
the teacher fell ill, there will be no lesson - an all-union proposal. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, and there will be no lesson - complex. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. Why is there no lesson? - The teacher is sick.
why is it the same?
non-union sentences are not connected by a union if there are several grammatical bases. For example:
The teacher is ill, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, I fell ill and will not be the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the gram. basis is represented by only one member-predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, to, when, etc.)
The main sign of the sl sub. suggestion:
- from one suggestion you can ask someone else a question. therefore, the one from which the question will be asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is ill, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to the complex suggestion in complex compositions, both parts are equal. it is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. as well as in the unionless. only in unionless there are no unions between simple sentences. but in compound sentences. that are part of the complex are connected by coordinating unions.
for example:
The teacher is ill and there is no lesson.
now compare all three options.
the teacher fell ill, there will be no lesson - an all-union proposal. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, and there will be no lesson - complex. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. Why is there no lesson? - The teacher is sick.
pi(d)ryla
non-union sentences are not connected by a union if there are several grammatical bases. For example:
The teacher is ill, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, I fell ill and will not be the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the gram. basis is represented by only one member-predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, to, when, etc.)
The main sign of the sl sub. suggestion:
- from one suggestion you can ask someone else a question. therefore, the one from which the question will be asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is ill, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to the complex suggestion in complex compositions, both parts are equal. it is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. as well as in the unionless. only in unionless there are no unions between simple sentences. but in compound sentences. that are part of the complex are connected by coordinating unions.
for example:
The teacher is ill and there is no lesson.
now compare all three options.
the teacher fell ill, there will be no lesson - an all-union proposal. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, and there will be no lesson - complex. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. Why is there no lesson? - The teacher is sick.
non-union sentences are not connected by a union if there are several grammatical bases.
non-union sentences are not connected by a union if there are several grammatical bases. For example:
The teacher is ill, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, I fell ill and will not be the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the gram. basis is represented by only one member-predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, to, when, etc.)
The main sign of the sl sub. suggestion:
- from one suggestion you can ask someone else a question. therefore, the one from which the question will be asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is ill, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to the complex suggestion in complex compositions, both parts are equal. it is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. as well as in the unionless. only in unionless there are no unions between simple sentences. but in compound sentences. that are part of the complex are connected by coordinating unions.
for example:
The teacher is ill and there is no lesson.
now compare all three options.
the teacher fell ill, there will be no lesson - an all-union proposal. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, and there will be no lesson - complex. question cannot be asked.
the teacher fell ill, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. Why is there no lesson? - The teacher is sick.
plus 2 points
More ofigeli!
And you're not ashamed? a person really does not understand, but you ....

Associative sentences with a coordinative connection- these are non-union sentences, which are identical in structure and semantic relations between their parts to compound sentences. These two types of sentences differ from each other only in the presence or absence of a connecting union (you can substitute a connecting union into union-free sentences, and, on the contrary, remove it from a compound sentence).

Structurally, such union-free sentences can potentially consist of an unlimited number of predicative parts, which is why they are called open union-free compound sentences (or open structure union-free sentences).

An open non-union proposal, consisting of several equal parts, names, lists a number of consecutive or simultaneous events or phenomena:

The moon stands over a transparent mountain, The neighborhood is flooded with false light, A row of cypresses lined up in formation, Their shadows fled into the unknown. (V. Ya. Bryusov)

Such non-union complex sentences are made out in a monotonous enumerative intonation, that is, all parts of the sentence are intoned in the same way. In addition, all parts of the union-free proposal are united by one leading theme. The order of the parts of an allied proposal is free, that is, you can easily swap parts.

Associative sentences with a subordinating relationship- these are non-union sentences, which are identical in structure and semantic relations between parts to complex sentences. Such non-union sentences consist of only two parts and are called closed non-union complex sentences (or non-union sentences of a closed structure).

The fixed (not free) arrangement of the two parts of the closed non-union sentence helps to establish semantic relationships between these predicative parts, that is, when the parts of the non-union sentence are rearranged, the semantic relations between them change or the sentence as a whole is destroyed. For example, in the sentence I was late: the car broke down, the second part of the complex sentence reports the reason, and in the sentence The car broke down - I was late, the second part is a consequence of what is reported in the first part.

Parts of such a complex sentence are formed with explanatory intonation (one part explains the other) or contrasting intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a very high tone, the second by a decrease in tone). The intonation depends on the semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence in oral speech, and in writing - the choice of a punctuation mark (colon or dash).

Different types of semantic relations are established between the parts of closed union-free complex sentences, that is, the semantic role of the subordinate part in relation to the main one is determined. The following varieties can be distinguished: material from the site

An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the first part contains supporting words - verbs that require addition, explanation, distribution, which is the content of the second part: I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Yu. Lermontov).
An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the second part reveals, specifies, clarifies the content of the first part (often a single word or phrase of the first part): .V. Gogol).
An allied sentence of justification and reasons is an allied compound sentence, the second part of which contains the justification or reason for what is said in the first part: I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here! (A.S. Pushkin). I am sad: there is no friend with me (A.S. Pushkin).
A non-union sentence with a predicative construction of a consequence is a non-union sentence, the second part of which is a consequence of the action named in the first part of the sentence. Some non-union sentences with a causal predicative construction can be turned into sentences with an investigative predicative construction. To do this, it is enough to swap the predicative constructions: I opened the window: it was stuffy (reason). It was stuffy - I opened the window (consequence).
An opposing non-union sentence is a sentence in the second part of which a sharp opposition is expressed to what is said in the first part: I knew about poetry from the very beginning - I knew nothing about prose (A. A. Akhmatova).

The opposition in an asyndetic compound sentence is often associated with negation:

Not for the songs of spring over the plain The road to me is a green expanse - I fell in love with a longing crane On a high mountain a monastery (S. A. Yesenin)

Many non-union sentences are characterized by the ambiguity of semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence; these relationships are often not amenable to unambiguous interpretation: the boundaries between different meanings are blurred and not clear enough.

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search

On this page, material on the topics:

what is a subordinating and non-union relationship
complex with a subordinating connection from the works of Marina Tsvetaeva
proposals for 5. non-union subordination. coordinating
examples of sentences with coordinating and subordinating and non-union
what are subordinating and non-union relations

In this article, we will look at what complex sentences with different types of connection are, examples of which will be given and analyzed. But to be clear, let's start from afar.

What is a complex sentence

In syntax, a sentence is a word united by a common meaning and connected with the help of the laws of grammar, having a common theme, purpose of expression and intonation. With the help of sentences, people communicate, share their thoughts, present any material. Thought can be expressed briefly, but it can be expanded. Accordingly, the proposals can be concise or widespread.

Each sentence has its "heart" - a grammatical basis, i.e. subject and predicate. This is the subject of speech and its main characteristic (what does it do, what is it, what is it?). If the grammatical basis in the sentence is one, it is a simple sentence, if there are two or more of them, then it is complex.

(JV) may include two parts, three, four and even more. Relations in meaning between them, as well as the means of their connection with each other, can be different. There are complex allied proposals and non-union ones. To learn about their diversity, read the next section.

What are joint ventures

We have already begun to talk about the fact that joint ventures can be allied or non-union. Everything is very simple. If the parts of the joint venture are connected by a union (or by intonation, then the connection between them is called allied, and if only by intonation, then, accordingly, unionless.

In turn, allied sentences are divided into coordinating and subordinating - depending on whether their parts are in an "equal" position or one depends on the other.

Spring will come soon. This is a simple suggestion. the world will sparkle with bright colors again. This sentence is complex, while its parts are connected by intonation and union " when". We can ask a question from the main predicative part to the subordinate clause ( the world will sparkle with bright colors when? - when spring comes), which means that Spring will come soon and nature will bloom. This sentence also has two parts, but they are united by intonation and a coordinating union and. You cannot form a question between parts, but you can easily divide this sentence into two simple ones. This sentence is a compound one. Spring will come soon, flowers will bloom, birds will fly, it will become warm. This joint venture consists of four simple parts, but all of them are united only by intonation, there are no unions on the borders of the parts. This means that it is unionless. To make complex sentences with different types of connection, it would be necessary to combine both allied and unionless relations in one sentence.

How many simple sentences can be in a complex one?

For a sentence to be considered complex, it must include at least two simple, two predicative parts. Complex sentences with different types of connection (we will see examples below) contain at least three parts, and sometimes there are about ten. But in this case, the proposal can be difficult to perceive. Such sentences combine allied and non-union communication, coordinating and subordinating in any combination.

He was surprised; a strange feeling filled his head and chest; the water ran with frightening speed, indomitably breaking through between the stones, and fell from a height with such force that it seemed that the mountain, along the slopes of which were full of mountain flowers, could not withstand this pressure ...

Here's a great example. Here are parts of complex sentences with different ones. In this sentence there are 5 predicative parts, between which all of the possible types of connection are presented. What are their features? Let's remember in more detail.

allied coordinating link

Complex allied sentences are compound (CSP) or complex (CSP).

The coordinative connection (CC) connects "equal" simple sentences. This means that it is impossible to form a question from one predicative part of a complex sentence to another, there is no dependence between them. Parts of the SSP can easily be made independent sentences, and the meaning of the phrase will not suffer from this and will not change.

Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect parts of such sentences. and, but, or etc. The sea was restless, and the waves crashed against the rocks with furious force..

allied subordination

With a subordinating relationship (PS), as its name implies, one part of the sentence "subordinates" the other, carries the main meaning, is the main one, while the second (subordinate) only complements, specifies in something, you can ask a question about it from the main part. For subordinating communication, such unions and allied words are used as what, who, when, which, because, if etc.

But it is sad to think that youth was given to us in vain, that they cheated on her all the time, that she deceived us ...(A. Pushkin). This sentence has one main part and three subordinate clauses, dependent on it and answering the same questions: " But it's sad to think (about what?), which is in vain ..."

If you try to divide the NGN into separate simple ones, then in most cases it will be seen that the main part retains its meaning and can exist without clauses, but the clauses become incomplete in semantic content and are not full-fledged sentences.

Unionless connection

Another type of joint venture is unionless. A complex sentence with different types of connection most often combines a connection without unions with one of the allied types or with both types at once.

Parts of the BSP are connected only intonationally. But this type of joint venture is considered the most difficult in terms of punctuation. If in union sentences only one sign is placed between their parts - a comma, then in this case you need to make a choice of one of four punctuation marks: a comma, a semicolon, a dash or a colon. In this article, we will not go into the details of this difficult rule, since our task today is complex sentences with different types of connections, exercises in their grammatically correct compilation and punctuation.

The horses set off, the bell rang, the wagon flew(A.S. Pushkin). This sentence has three parts connected by intonation and separated by commas.

So, we briefly gave a description of each of the possible types of connection between the parts of the joint venture, and now we will return to the main topic of the article.

Algorithm for parsing a joint venture with different types of communication

How to correctly place signs in a joint venture with many parts and different types of connections? The most important thing is to determine how many parts it has and where exactly their boundaries pass. To do this, you need to find the grammatical foundations. How many of them - so many predicative parts. Next, we highlight all the minor members related to each of the bases, and thus it becomes clear where one part ends and another begins. After that, you need to determine what types of connections between the parts (look for the presence of unions or their absence, try to ask a question or try to make each of the parts a separate sentence).

And finally, it remains only to correctly punctuate, because without them it is very difficult to perceive complex sentences with different types of communication in writing (textbook exercises are precisely aimed at developing this skill).

How not to make a mistake in choosing punctuation marks?

Punctuation of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Once the predicative parts are isolated and the types of connection are established, everything becomes very clear. We place punctuation marks in accordance with the rule relating to a particular type of communication.

Coordinating (SS) and subordinating connection (PS) require a comma before the union. Other punctuation marks in this case are very rare (with a coordinative connection, a semicolon is possible if one of the parts is complicated and contains commas; a dash is possible if the parts are sharply contrasted or one of them contains an unexpected result).

With an allied connection, as mentioned above, there may be one of four punctuation marks, depending on what semantic relationships are between the parts of the sentence.

Drawing up schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication

This step can be done before punctuation, or after, to check their correctness. Schemes are used in punctuation to graphically explain the choice of a particular punctuation mark.

The scheme helps to write complex sentences with different types of communication without punctuation errors. Examples of punctuation and charting will be given right now.

[The day was beautiful, sunny, surprisingly calm]; [a cozy shadow approached from the left], and [it became difficult to understand], (where it ends, the shadow) and (where the emerald foliage of trees begins).

In this sentence, between the first and second parts, an allied connection is easily traced, between the second and third - a coordinating one, and the third part is the main one in relation to the next two subordinate parts and is connected to them by a subordinating connection. The scheme of this joint venture is as follows: [__ =,=,=]; [= __], and [=], (where = __) and (where = __). Schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication can be horizontal and vertical. We have given an example of a horizontal scheme.

Summing up

So, we found out what complex sentences with different types of connections are (their examples are very common in works of fiction and business communication). These are sentences containing more than two simple ones in their composition, and their parts are connected by different types of syntactic connection. SP with different types of communication may include NGN, SSP and BSP in various combinations. In order not to make mistakes in punctuation marks, it is necessary to designate simple sentences inside a complex one and determine the types of syntactic connection.

Be smart!

A subordinating relationship is such a relationship between parts of a complex sentence or phrase, in which one part is controlling, and the second is subordinate to it. Based on this, we will analyze the types of subordination in the phrase and in the sentence. For clarity, each of the above cases will be considered with an example.

Types of subordination in a phrase

There are only three of them. This is coordination, control and adjacency.

Coordination

The gender, number and case of the main word in this type of connection is consistent with the dependent word.

Examples: a beautiful flower, another world, the ninth day.

As you can see, this type of connection is typical for phrases, where the noun is the main word, and the adjective, participle or ordinal number is dependent. Also, a possessive pronoun can act as a dependent word, for example, in the phrase “our souls”. The type of subordination here will be agreement.

Control

The main word in management puts the secondary in dependence with the help of a case. The combinations of parts of speech here can be quite diverse: verb and noun, participle or gerund and noun, noun and noun, numeral and noun.

Examples: sitting on a bench, knowing the truth, entering a room, a bowl of clay, ten sailors.

In the tasks of the GIA and the Unified State Examination, students are often faced with the task of changing the type of phrase from control to coordination or vice versa. Without understanding the material, the graduate may make a mistake. In fact, the task is quite simple. To do this, it is enough to know the types of subordination and be able to apply them.

The classic version of the task is a connection of two nouns. For example, "porridge from corn." The subordinate word must be changed into an adjective. Then “corn porridge” comes out, respectively, no other types of subordinating relationship, except for coordination, are suitable here. So, everything is done correctly.

If it is necessary to change the connection from agreement to control, then we change the adjective to a noun and put it in a certain case in relation to the main word. So, from a "strawberry cocktail" you get a "strawberry cocktail".

adjoining

In this case, the main word is associated with the dependent only in meaning. Such a connection is between a verb and an adverb, a verb and a gerund, a verb and a verb, a verb and an adjective or an adverb of a comparative degree.

Examples: "smile happily," "says sobbing," "I can swim," "be smarter," "it got worse."

It is quite simple to determine this connection: the dependent word does not and cannot have a case and gender. It can be an infinitive, a participle, comparative degrees of an adjective and an adverb.

We have considered all types of subordination in the phrase. Now let's move on to a complex sentence.

Subordinating relationship in a sentence

Types of subordination in a complex sentence can be distinguished in the presence of several subordinate clauses. They connect with the main sentence in different ways. For this reason, it can be noted that the subordinating relationship, the types of which we will analyze, can be expressed in various ways, depending on the nature of the subordination.

Sequential submission

With this type of connection, the subordinate clauses are subordinate to each other sequentially. Such a proposal scheme resembles a nesting doll.

Example. I asked for a guitar from a friend who was helping me put on a show where we played Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.

The basis of the main sentence here is "I asked." The subordinate clause, which enters into a subordinating relationship with it, has the basis "which helped to arrange." Another subordinate clause departs from this sentence, subordinate to it - "we played Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson."

Parallel subordination

This is a kind of complex sentence in which several subordinate clauses are subordinate to one main sentence, but at the same time to different words.

Example. In that park where lilacs bloom luxuriantly in the spring, I was walking with a friend whose image seemed sweet to you.

The main sentence is: “I was walking in that park with a friend.” The subordinate clause "where lilacs bloom magnificently in spring" is built into it. It obeys the phrase "in that park." From him we ask the question "in what?". Another subordinate clause - “whose image seemed cute to you” - is built from the word “familiar”. We ask from him the question "what?".

Thus, we see that the subordinate clauses are connected by a subordinate relationship with one main sentence, but at the same time with its different parts.

Homogeneous submission

Subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination are associated with one main clause. They refer to the same word and answer the same question.

Example. They guessed that their action would have consequences, that it was better to leave the idea and let everything be as it is.

The main sentence is "they guessed". From him we ask the question "about what?". Both adjectives answer this question. In addition, both the first and second subordinate clauses are connected with the main clause with the help of the predicate “guessed”. From this we conclude that the proposal with homogeneous subordination.

All the examples given refer to sentences where there is precisely a subordinating relationship, the types of which we have analyzed. This information will be necessary for everyone who is going to take exams in the Russian language, especially the GIA and the Unified State Examination, where there are a number of tasks to test such knowledge. It is important to remember that without understanding how phrases and sentences are built, it is impossible to fully master literate speech. This is a must-know for anyone who wants to learn how to write without errors.

A sentence is a syntactic unit characterized by semantic and grammatical completeness. One of its main features is the presence of predicative parts. According to the number of grammatical bases, all sentences are simple or complex. Both of them perform their main function in speech - communicative.

Types of complex sentences in Russian

As part of a complex, two or more simple sentences are distinguished, interconnected by conjunctions or only intonation. At the same time, its predicative parts retain their structure, but lose their semantic and intonational completeness. Methods and means of communication determine the types of complex sentences. A table with examples allows you to identify the main differences between them.

Compound sentences

Their predicative parts are independent in relation to each other and equal in meaning. They can be easily divided into simple ones and rearranged. As a means of communication, coordinating unions are used, which are divided into three groups. On their basis, the following types of complex sentences with a coordinating connection are distinguished.

With connecting unions: AND, ALSO, YES (= AND), ALSO, NOR ... NOR, NOT ONLY ... BUT AND, HOW ... SO AND, YES AND. In this case, parts of compound unions will be located in different simple sentences.

The whole city was already asleep, I too went home. Soon Anton Not only read all the books in the home library, but also turned to his comrades.

A feature of compound sentences is that the events described in different predicative parts can occur simultaneously ( And thunder rumbled, and the sun broke through the clouds), sequentially ( The train rumbled and a dump truck followed him) or one follows from the other ( It's already quite dark and had to disperse).

With opposing unions: BUT, A, HOWEVER, YES (= BUT), ZATO, SAME. These types of complex sentences are characterized by the establishment of opposition relations ( Grandpa seemed to understand everything. but Grigory had to convince him of the need for a trip for a long time.) or matching ( Some fussed in the kitchen a others began to clean the garden) between its parts.
With dividing unions: EITHER, OR, NOT THAT ... NOT THAT, THAT ... THAT, OR ... OR. The first two unions can be single or repetitive. It was time to get to work, or he was going to be fired. Possible relationships between parts: mutual exclusion ( Whether Pal Palych really had a headache, either he just got bored), alternation ( Her whole day then covered melancholy, then suddenly approached an inexplicable fit of fun).

Considering the types of complex sentences with a coordinating connection, it should be noted that the connecting unions ALSO, ALSO and the adversative SAME are always located after the first word of the second part.

The main types of complex sentences with a subordinate relationship

The presence of the main and dependent (subordinate) parts is their main quality. The means of communication are subordinating conjunctions or allied words: adverbs and relative pronouns. The main difficulty in distinguishing between them is that some of them are homonymous. In such cases, a hint will help: the allied word, unlike the union, is always a member of the sentence. Here are examples of such homoforms. I knew exactly what(union word, you can ask a question) I should look for. Tanya completely forgot what(union) the meeting was scheduled for the morning.

Another feature of NGN is the location of its predicative parts. The place of the adnexa is not clearly defined. It can stand before, after or in the middle of the main part.

Types of clauses in NGN

Traditionally, it is customary to correlate dependent parts with members of a sentence. Based on this, three main groups are distinguished into which such complex sentences are divided. Examples are presented in the table.

Type of adnexa		Question	Means of communication	Example
Determinants			Which, which, whose, when, what, where, etc.	There was a house by the mountain, a roof whom* already lost some weight.*
Explanatory		Case	What (s. and s.s.l.), how (s. and s.s.l.), so that, as if, as it were, either ... or who, like others.	Michael did not understand how* solve the problem of.*
circumstantial		When? How long?	When, while, how, barely, while, since, etc.	The boy waited until then bye* the sun hasn't set at all.*
		Where? Where? Where?	Where, where, from where	Izmestiev put the papers there, where* no one could find them.*
		Why? From what?	Because, since, because, due to the fact that etc.	The cab driver stopped for* the horses suddenly snorted.*
	Consequences	What follows from this?		It cleared up in the morning so the squad moved on.
		Under what condition?	If, when (= if), if, once, in case	If a the daughter did not call for a week, the mother involuntarily began to worry.
		What for? For what purpose?	In order to, in order to, so that, in order to	Frolov was ready for anything to get this place.
		Despite what? Against what?	Although, despite the fact that, let, for nothing, whoever, etc.	The evening was generally a success. although* and there were minor flaws in its organization.*
	Comparisons	How? Like what?	As, as, exactly, as if, as, as, as, as, as, as,	Snowflakes flew down in large, frequent flakes, as if* someone poured them out of a bag.*
	Measures and degrees	To what extent?	What, to, how, as if, as if, how much, how much	There was such silence what* it became somehow uncomfortable.*
	Connecting		what (in indirect case), why, why, why = pronoun this	There was no car from what* anxiety only increased.*

NGN with multiple clauses

Sometimes a complex sentence may contain two or more dependent parts that relate to each other in different ways.

Depending on this, the following ways of linking simple to complex sentences are distinguished (examples help to build a diagram of the structures described).

With consistent submission. The next subordinate part depends directly on the previous one. It seemed to me, what this day will never end because more and more problems.
With parallel homogeneous subordination. Both (all) subordinate clauses depend on one word (the whole part) and belong to the same species. This construction resembles a sentence with homogeneous members. There can be coordinating conjunctions between subordinate clauses. It soon became clear what it was all just a bluff and what no major decisions were made.
With parallel heterogeneous subordination. Dependents are of different types and refer to different words (of the whole part). Garden, which the sown in May, already gave the first harvest, because life became easier.

Associative compound sentence

The main difference is that the parts are connected only in meaning and intonation. Therefore, the relationship between them comes to the fore. It is they who influence the punctuation marks: commas, dashes, colons, semicolons.

Types of non-union complex sentences

The parts are equal, the order of their arrangement is free. Tall trees grew to the left of the road , to the right stretched a shallow ravine.
The parts are unequal, the second:

reveals the contents of the 1st ( These sounds caused anxiety: (= namely) in the corner someone rustled insistently);
complements the 1st ( I peered into the distance: there appeared someone's figure);
indicates the reason Sveta laughed: (= since) the neighbor's face was smeared with mud).

3. Contrasting relationships between parts. This is manifested in the fact that:

the first indicates a time or condition ( I'm five minutes late - no one else);
into the second unexpected result ( Fedor just got overclocked - the opponent immediately remained in the tail); opposition ( The pain becomes unbearable - you endure); comparison ( Will look frowningly - Elena will immediately burn with fire).

JV with different types of communication

Often there are constructions that have three or more predicative parts in their composition. Accordingly, between them there can be coordinating and subordinating unions, allied words, or only punctuation marks (intonation and semantic relations). These are complex sentences (examples are widely presented in fiction) with various types of communication. Michael has long wanted to change his life, but something constantly stopped him; as a result, the routine dragged him more and more every day.

The scheme will help to summarize information on the topic “Types of complex sentences”:

writing,
subordinating and
unionless relationship in
complex sentences
The world is illuminated by the sun
And man is illumined by knowledge!
Proverb

Lesson Objectives:
– educational:
deepen students' understanding of the structure of a complex
suggestions;
practice punctuation in
complex sentence with different types of connection;
repeat spelling H-HH in words of different parts of speech
- developing: develop, compare, contrast,
make a conclusion, improve the skill of self-control
educational activities;
-educational: to educate the need correctly
evaluate their own activities, the culture of speech.

Vocabulary dictation

Task I
Vocabulary dictation
Captive-born cubs, polished
furniture, clay tablets, oil cream,
pickled cucumber, wounded fighter,
carnival, desired, ancient, smart
pupil, pewter, chips,
roasted in the oven, wounded in the arm,
hotel.

Types of complex
proposals
Allied
Compound
Unionless
Complex

Complex sentence -
this is a compound sentence
which are connected
coordinating conjunctions and
grammatically independent each other
from a friend, that is, they are in
equality relations,
equivalence.
THE TRANSPARENT FOREST ONE BLACKS, AND
THE SPRUCE IS GREEN THROUGH THE FROST, AND THE RIVER
GLITTER UNDER THE ICE.

complex sentence
such a complex sentence is called, parts
which are interconnected by subordinate
unions (or allied words) and are in
relations of formal inequality.
Example: . I don't want the world to recognize my mysterious
story. (M. Lermontov)
The first part is the main one, and the second one is
dependent (called the subordinate part).
The dependence of the second on the first part is formally
is found in the very possibility of logical
question from primary to dependent. Linked parts with
with the help of a subordinating union so that.

UNION-FREE COMPLEX PROPOSITION -
THIS IS A COMPLEX OFFER, PARTS
WHICH ARE RELATED IN THE MEANING AND
INTONATIONS.
The grass is green
The sun is shining
Swallow with spring
It flies to us in the canopy.
(A. Pleshcheev)

Task 2
Oral group work.
Give a description of the proposals.
1. Again I visited that corner of the earth where I
spent two imperceptible years as an exile.
2. It was quiet in the garden, and only from somewhere
from afar came the sound of wheels.
3. I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me.

Task 3 .
Determine the types of communication.
1. Children, passers-by, and that’s all
they were silent in anticipation of music, because it consoles
people, promises them happiness and a glorious life. (BUT.
Platonov)
2. We heard: a boat sailed along the river, and the soul became
easily. (V. Arseniev)

(To Sukhomlinsky)

Changed: we had too little time left.

Task 3 .
Answers.
1. Children immediately gathered at the monument,
passers-by, and they all fell silent in anticipation
music because it comforts people
promises them happiness and a glorious life. (BUT.
Platonov)
- Composing and subordinating:
2. We heard: a boat sailed along the river, and
my heart became easy. (V. Arseniev)
- Unionless and composing:

Task 3 .
Answers.
3. Put a hundred teachers above you - they will be
powerless if you cannot force yourself.
(To Sukhomlinsky)
- Unionless and submissive:
- , if()
4. After lunch, when the sun was at its zenith, we
decided to make a stop, but suddenly our plans
changed: we had too little time in
stock.
- Composing, subordinating, non-union:
[ , (when...), ], but:

In which there is a subordinating or coordinating connection, they differ significantly from similar phrases and simple sentences. Further in the article we will consider the main differences between the mentioned structures.

General information

If we talk about phrases and simple sentences, then it is fair to say that the subordinating relationship can appear only in the first variant, while the composing type is more often used in the second. In the latter case, the task of converting to a common construction is performed, creating a series of homogeneous members. In complex structures, the coordinating and subordinating connection does not have such sharp differences. This is due to the fact that the same statement can be formulated using conjunctions of both types.

First difference

The use of composition and subordination helps to determine the semantic relationships that exist in simple and complex formulations. At the same time, there is a difference in the very structure of the utterance. Thus, the compositional connection does not create such clear boundaries. When using the second type of connection, parts of the statement are highlighted indicating the need to pay more attention to a particular fragment of the message.

Thus, we can say that the unions used in different variants differ in how they reveal relationships in expressions. In the case of a subordinating relationship, such types of relations as concessive, conditional-effect and causal, take an unambiguous form. At the same time, they are expressed by the unions "although", "because", "if". A coordinative connection in a sentence allows you to use the same union. It is the connecting element "and". But there are situations when the coordinative conjunctions "a" and "but", which are usually considered contrastive, can give the statement a shade of concession, conditions, consequences, comparisons and comparisons. In imperative expressions, conjunctions can create a condition in the message, which in the subordinating clause is expressed by the elements "if (instead, the particle "not" is allowed) ... then". Some interaction is found between composition and submission due to the fact that they cannot be considered absolutely opposite concepts.

Second difference

In complex constructions, the coordinative connection is an important independent element. But in simple structures, its task is to determine the relationship between members of a homogeneous sequence. In addition, a coordinative connection is included in a simple construction in order to enrich the statement with additional members. This is how it is transformed into a common one. In structures consisting of several parts, the coordinative connection is of greater importance.

Third difference

If we compare submission and composition with non-union, then the last two types of communication have much in common. This is explained by the semantic relationship within the structure. So, the coordinative connection reveals them in expression to a lesser extent. However, let's compare them in more detail. The writing connection is not only a syntactic, but also a lexical way of interaction. Thus, the relations that arise between phrases do not have a specific meaning, but only receive a certain characteristic. Coordinating conjunctions can also be combined with subordinating and various lexical elements. This creates a variety of syntactic constructions. As examples of the allied connection, various combinations of the service parts of speech "and", "here", "a", "well", "therefore", "because", "means" can be given. Subordinating conjunctions do not need additions, since they themselves can create clear boundaries for semantic segments.

Special cases

If a coordinating or non-union connection does not allow you to fully explore the relationships that exist in these sentences, then you need to turn to additional factors. They can be the general structure of the statement, as well as the introductory words, particles, various pronouns, turns present in it. In addition, inclinations and forms of time can highlight individual parts and indicate their features. In allied constructions, the meaning of the condition and the consequence is more noticeable when the imperative mood in the first sentence interacts (in the case of a complex formulation, its main part is meant) and other moods or other forms of time located in the second element (in the subordinate part).

Fourth difference

In complex sentences, the subordinate relationship is less multifaceted than in phrases and simple phrases. There are cases when part of the meaning of a complex structure formed from a set of simple ones is not realized. This may be due to the fact that a contradiction is likely to arise with the meaning of the subordinating union, as well as its complete change. An example would be the "when" connector. It is used in subordinating sentences. Its main value is an indicator of time. However, if the main part of the sentence describes any feelings, emotions, or someone's condition, then this union can turn from a temporary one into an investigative one. When in the subordinate clause something is evaluated, trying to determine the importance or significance, then the element "when" takes on the target value. In addition, this union may have a comparative meaning and carry an indication of inconsistency.

Types of complex sentences in Russian

Compound sentences

With connecting unions: AND, ALSO, YES (= AND), ALSO, NOR ... NOR, NOT ONLY ... BUT AND, HOW ... SO AND, YES AND. In this case, parts of compound unions will be located in different simple sentences.

The whole city was already asleep, I too went home. Soon Anton Not only read all the books in the home library, but also turned to his comrades.

With opposing unions: BUT, A, HOWEVER, YES (= BUT), ZATO, SAME. These types of complex sentences are characterized by the establishment of opposition relations ( Grandpa seemed to understand everything. but Grigory had to convince him of the need for a trip for a long time.) or matching ( Some fussed in the kitchen a others began to clean the garden) between its parts.
With dividing unions: EITHER, OR, NOT THAT ... NOT THAT, THAT ... THAT, OR ... OR. The first two unions can be single or repetitive. It was time to get to work, or he was going to be fired. Possible relationships between parts: mutual exclusion ( Whether Pal Palych really had a headache, either he just got bored), alternation ( Her whole day then covered melancholy, then suddenly approached an inexplicable fit of fun).

The main types of complex sentences with a subordinate relationship

Another feature of NGN is the location of its predicative parts. The place of the adnexa is not clearly defined. It can stand before, after or in the middle of the main part.

Types of clauses in NGN

Type of adnexa		Question	Means of communication	Example
Determinants			Which, which, whose, when, what, where, etc.	There was a house by the mountain, a roof whom* already lost some weight.*
Explanatory		Case	What (s. and s.s.l.), how (s. and s.s.l.), so that, as if, as it were, either ... or who, like others.	Michael did not understand how* solve the problem of.*
circumstantial		When? How long?	When, while, how, barely, while, since, etc.	The boy waited until then bye* the sun hasn't set at all.*
		Where? Where? Where?	Where, where, from where	Izmestiev put the papers there, where* no one could find them.*
		Why? From what?	Because, since, because, due to the fact that etc.	The cab driver stopped for* the horses suddenly snorted.*
	Consequences	What follows from this?		It cleared up in the morning so the squad moved on.
		Under what condition?	If, when (= if), if, once, in case	If a the daughter did not call for a week, the mother involuntarily began to worry.
		What for? For what purpose?	In order to, in order to, so that, in order to	Frolov was ready for anything to get this place.
		Despite what? Against what?	Although, despite the fact that, let, for nothing, whoever, etc.	The evening was generally a success. although* and there were minor flaws in its organization.*
	Comparisons	How? Like what?	As, as, exactly, as if, as, as, as, as, as, as,	Snowflakes flew down in large, frequent flakes, as if* someone poured them out of a bag.*
	Measures and degrees	To what extent?	What, to, how, as if, as if, how much, how much	There was such silence what* it became somehow uncomfortable.*
	Connecting		what (in indirect case), why, why, why = pronoun this	There was no car from what* anxiety only increased.*

NGN with multiple clauses

Sometimes a complex sentence may contain two or more dependent parts that relate to each other in different ways.

Depending on this, the following ways of linking simple to complex sentences are distinguished (examples help to build a diagram of the structures described).

With consistent submission. The next subordinate part depends directly on the previous one. It seemed to me, what this day will never end because more and more problems.
With parallel homogeneous subordination. Both (all) subordinate clauses depend on one word (the whole part) and belong to the same species. This construction resembles a sentence with homogeneous members. There can be coordinating conjunctions between subordinate clauses. It soon became clear what it was all just a bluff and what no major decisions were made.
With parallel heterogeneous subordination. Dependents are of different types and refer to different words (of the whole part). Garden, which the sown in May, already gave the first harvest, because life became easier.

Associative compound sentence

Types of non-union complex sentences

The parts are equal, the order of their arrangement is free. Tall trees grew to the left of the road , to the right stretched a shallow ravine.
The parts are unequal, the second:

reveals the contents of the 1st ( These sounds caused anxiety: (= namely) in the corner someone rustled insistently);
complements the 1st ( I peered into the distance: there appeared someone's figure);
indicates the reason Sveta laughed: (= since) the neighbor's face was smeared with mud).

3. Contrasting relationships between parts. This is manifested in the fact that:

the first indicates a time or condition ( I'm five minutes late - no one else);
into the second unexpected result ( Fedor just got overclocked - the opponent immediately remained in the tail); opposition ( The pain becomes unbearable - you endure); comparison ( Will look frowningly - Elena will immediately burn with fire).

JV with different types of communication

The scheme will help to summarize information on the topic “Types of complex sentences”:

Allied and allied coordinating communication is one of the ways to build. Without them, speech is poor, because they provide more information and are able to contain two or more sentences that tell about different events.

Complex sentences and their types

Depending on the number of parts, complex structures are divided into two- and polynomial. In any of the options, the elements are connected either by an allied connection (which, in turn, is provided by the corresponding part of speech), or by an allied one.

Depending on what types of relationships are present, complex formations create the following groups:

Compound sentence with non-union and allied coordinating connection: The sky darkened sharply, a distant rumble was heard, and a wall of rain covered the ground, nailing the dust and washing away the city's smog.
Constructions that combine elements with a subordinate relationship, for example: The house we entered was depressing, but in this situation we had no choice..
Compound sentences with subordinating and non-union types of connections: No matter how he hurried, but his help was too late: the wounded were taken away by another car.
In polynomial constructions, subordinating, unionless and allied coordinating communication can be used simultaneously. The next time the phone rang, Mom answered it, but only heard the voice of a robot saying that her loan was overdue.

It is important to be able to distinguish between complex sentences and constructions complicated, for example, by homogeneous predicates. As a rule, in the first case, there are several grammatical bases in the syntactic lexical unit, while in the second there will be one subject and several predicates.

Unionless constructions

In this type of lexical constructions, 2 or more simple sentences can be combined, which are interconnected by intonation and meaning. They can be related to each other in the following ways:

The sentences are linked by an enumeration. The evening gradually faded away, the night fell to the earth, the moon began to rule the world.
Constructions in which elements are divided into several parts, two of which are opposing fragments. The weather was as ordered: the sky cleared of clouds, the sun shone brightly, a light breeze blew over the face, creating a slight coolness. In this non-union construction, the second fragment, consisting of 3 simple sentences connected by enumerative intonation, explains its first part.
Binary combination of simple elements into a polynomial complex structure, in which parts are combined into semantic groups: The moon rose over the ridge, we did not immediately notice it: the haze hid its radiance.

An allied, like an allied coordinating connection, in an integral connection separates individual sentences from each other with punctuation marks.

Commas in non-union polynomial constructions

In complex compounds, their parts are separated by commas, semicolons, dashes and colons. The comma and semicolon are used in enumeration relations:

The parts are small in size and related to one another in meaning. Silence fell after the thunderstorm, followed by a light whisper of rain.
When parts are too common and not connected by a single meaning, a semicolon is put. Daisies and poppies covered the entire clearing; Grasshoppers chirped somewhere below.

Associative constructions are most often used to convey a large amount of information that is not always connected in meaning.

Dividing characters in non-union compounds

These signs are used for the following types of relations between the elements of a syntactic construction:

Dash - when the second part is sharply opposed to the first, for example: We knew about his fears - no one knew about the readiness to die.(In a similar construction with an allied, as well as an allied coordinating connection between the parts, I would like to put the union "but").
When the first part tells about a condition or time, then a dash is also placed between it and the second fragment. The rooster crowed - it's time to get up. In such sentences, the conjunctions “if” or “when” are suitable in meaning.
The same sign is put if the second part contains a conclusion about what was said in the first. I had no strength to object - he silently agreed. In such allied constructions, "therefore" is usually inserted.
When the second part of the sentence is compared and determined by what is told in the first. He gives a speech - breathes hope into people. In these constructions, you can add "as if" or "as if".
In sentences with an explanatory connection and justification of the reason, a colon is used. I will tell you in essence: you can not let your friends down.

Sentences with an allied, as well as an allied, coordinating connection between parts are separated by signs depending on their semantic relationship.

Compound constructions

In sentences of this type, a coordinative connection is used, carried out with the help of coordinating conjunctions. In this case, between their parts can be:

Connecting relationships connected by unions and, yes or, particles also, too, and neither ... nor. Birds don't chirp, mosquitoes don't chirp, cicadas don't chirp.
Unions are used in separating relations what and, or, particles whether ... whether, not that ... not that and others. Whether the wind brings an incomprehensible sound, then he himself is approaching us.
Sentences with both unionless and allied coordinating relations with comparative relations indicate the identity of events, but in the second case with the use of unions namely and that is. Everyone was happy for him, that is, that is what he read on their faces.
Explanatory relations tend to use conjunctions yes, but, ah, particles but, therefore and others. A blizzard was rampant outside the window, but it was warm near the fireplace in the living room.

Often, it is conjunctions and particles that explain what connects simple sentences into a single compound structure.

Complex sentences with mixed types of communication

Constructions, where there is an allied and allied coordinating connection at the same time, are quite common. Separate blocks can be distinguished in them, each of which contains a few simple sentences. Inside the blocks, some elements are connected with others in meaning and separated by punctuation marks with or without unions. In a complex sentence with a non-union and allied coordinative connection, the line between them is separating signs, although individual blocks may not be connected in meaning.

Complex sentences with different types of connection- this is complex sentences , which consist of at least of three simple sentences , interconnected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection.

To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.

Often complex sentences with different types of connection are divided into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of coordinating unions or union-free; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one.

For example:

1) [Sad I]: [No friend with me], (with whom I would wash down a long parting), (to whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many merry years)(A. Pushkin).

This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected asylum-free; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses, with homogeneous subordination.

2) [lane was all in the gardens], and [the fences grew lindens throwing now, by the moon, a wide shadow], (so that fences and gates on one side completely drowned in darkness)(A. Chekhov).

This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating connecting union and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on everything main, joins it with a union so.

In a complex sentence, there may be sentences with various types of allied and allied connection.

These include:

1) composition and submission.

For example: The sun set, and night followed day without interval, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).

(And - a coordinating union, as - a subordinating union.)

Schematic of this offer:

2) composition and non-union communication.

For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet had time to subside: the doves murmured near, the cuckoo cuckooed in the distance.(Bunin).

(But - a coordinating conjunction.)

Schematic of this offer:

3) subordination and non-union communication.

For example: When he awoke, the sun was already rising; the barrow obscured him(Chekhov).

(When - subordinating union.)

Schematic of this offer:

4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.

For example: The garden was spacious and grew only oaks; they had only recently begun to blossom, so that now through the young leaves one could see the whole garden with its stage, tables and swings.

(And is a coordinating conjunction, so a subordinating conjunction.)

Schematic of this offer:

In complex sentences with a coordinating and subordinating connection, coordinating and subordinating unions may be nearby.

For example: The weather was fine all day, but when we sailed to Odessa, it began to rain heavily.

(But - a coordinating union, when - a subordinating union.)

Schematic of this offer:

Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connection

In order to correctly punctuate complex sentences with different types of connection, it is necessary to single out simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.

As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences as part of a complex one with different types of connection.

For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious hoarfrost] , and [this went on for two hours] , [then the frost disappears] , [sun closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].

Sometimes two, three or more simple suggestions most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence semicolon . Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of an allied connection.

For example: (When he woke up) [the sun was already rising] ; [the barrow obscured him].(The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)

In the place of an allied bond between simple sentences in complex possible also comma , dash and colon , which are placed according to the rules for punctuation in a non-union complex sentence.

For example: [The sun has long since set] , but[the forest hasn't died down yet] : [doves murmured near] , [Cuckoo calls in the distance]. (The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)

[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashes] : [there was an idea for an amazing story about Hadji Murad](Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connection: coordinative and non-union.)

In complex syntactic constructions that break up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex sentences or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining the internal signs placed on their own. own syntactic basis.

For example: [Bushes, trees, even stumps are so familiar to me here], (that wild clearing has become like a garden to me) : [every bush, every pine, fir-tree caressed], and [they all became mine], and [it's like I planted them], [this is my own garden](Prishv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a colon; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck its nose into this foliage] (to get a worm out from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the worn layer of old aspen leaves from his beak](Shv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a semicolon.

Particularly difficult is punctuation at the junction of the writing and subordinating unions (or a coordinating union and an allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection. However, at the same time, proposals in which several unions are nearby stand out and require special attention.

In such cases, a comma is placed between unions if the second part of the double union does not follow. then yes, but(in this case, the subordinate clause can be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between the two unions.

For example: Winter was coming and , when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest.

You can call me but , If you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.

I think that , if you try hard, you will succeed. “I think that if you try hard, you will succeed.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine (by grammatical foundations) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries.

4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (union-free or coordinative).

5. Give a description of each part (block) in terms of structure (simple or complex sentence).

6. Draw up a proposal scheme.

A SAMPLE OF ANALYZING A COMPLEX OFFER WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION

[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall he me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I I decided

For the correct formulation and presentation of their own thoughts, schoolchildren and adults need to learn how to correctly place semantic accents in written speech. If in life we often use simple constructions, then in writing we use complex sentences with different types of connection. Therefore, it is important to know the features of their construction.

In contact with

Classification

What types of communication proposals used in Russian :

coordinative with and without unions, when the components of the syntactic construction are independent, equal in relation to each other;
subordination, unionless and allied, when one part of the structure is the main one, and the second is dependent;
allied, coordinating and subordinating, expressed with the help of coordinating or subordinating unions and allied words;

Complex sentences consist of several simple ones, therefore they have more than two grammatical bases. When meeting them, do not be surprised and remember that there can be not only 2 or 3 parts, but on average up to 10-15. They constantly combine different types of communication.

The main types of complex sentences with examples:

Unionless.
Compound.
Complex sentences.
Structures with different types of connection.

An example of a unionless relationship: The wind drives the clouds to the edge of heaven, the broken spruce groans, the winter forest whispers something.

It is necessary to note the main feature of constructions with a coordinative connection. The function of a coordinative connection is to show the equality of parts within a complex sentence, it is done with the help of intonation and the use of coordinating conjunctions. Unionless communication can also be used.

How are compound sentences constructed? examples with diagrams :

The firmament cleared of hanging clouds - and the bright sun came out.

The fields were empty, the autumn forest became dark and transparent.

Sentences of the fourth type usually consist of three or more parts that are connected to each other in different ways. To better understand the meaning of such constructions, how to learn how complex sentences with different types of connection are built and grouped. Often, sentences are divided into several blocks, connected without union or with the help of a coordinating connection, while each of the parts represents a simple or complex sentence.

Dependent parts can have different semantic meanings, according to this feature complex sentences are divided into several groups.

Determinants

They serve to characterize and reveal the attribute of the noun being defined from the main clause. Join with and : where, from where, where, which, what. They are found only inside the main or after it. Questions can be posed to them: what?, whose?

Examples:

How painfully hot in those hours when noon hung in silence and heat.

For a long time he admired, smiling, his capricious beloved daughter, who thought, not noticing anything around.

Explanatory

They refer to words that have the meaning of thoughts (to reflect), feelings (to be sad), speech (answered, said), in order to reveal in detail the meaning of the main word, to clarify, to supplement. They also include demonstrative words - that, that, that, to which the dependent clause is attached. Connected by unions what, to, as if, as if.

Examples:

The guy quickly realized that the girlfriend's parents are not particularly smart, and thought out a further strategy.

This could be seen from the fact that he drove several times with his cart around the yard until he found the hut.

circumstantial

They are related to or to words that have adverbial meaning. Let's name their varieties and ways of attaching to the main word:

time, specify the period of time when the action is performed, subordinating temporary unions are used for communication: when, until what time (When it was about the war, the stranger lowered his head and thought);
places, talking about the place, are connected with the main word by allied words-adverbs: where, where, from where (Leaves, wherever you look, were yellow or golden);
conditions that reveal under what circumstances this or that action is possible, are joined by subordinate conjunctions: if, if ..., then. They can start with particles - so, then (If it rains, then the tent will need to be moved higher);
degree, specifies the measure or degree of action I in question, you can put questions to them: to what extent? to what extent? (The rain stopped so quickly that the ground did not have time to get wet.);
goals, they tell what goal the action pursues and is connected by target unions: so that (In order not to be late, he decided to leave early);
reasons, union is used for joining - because(He did not complete the task because he fell ill);
the manner of action, indicate exactly how the action was performed, are joined by subordinating unions: as if, as if, exactly (the Forest was covered in snow, as if someone had bewitched it);
consequences serve to clarify the result of an action, you can ask them a question - as a result of what? Join the union - so(The snow shone brighter in the sun, so that my eyes hurt);
concessions, unions are used to join them: let it, although, despite. Allied words can be used (how, how much) with a particle neither (No matter how hard you try, nothing will work without knowledge and skills).

Building offer schemes

Let's take a look at what an offer scheme is. This is a graphic showing the structure proposals in a compact form.

Let's try to draw up schemes of sentences, which include two or more subordinate clauses. To do this, let's turn to examples with different inflected parts of speech.

Complicated sentences may consist of several subordinate clauses, which have a different relationship with each other.

There are the following types of offer links:

homogeneous or associative;
parallel (centralized);
sequential (chain, linear).

Homogeneous

Characterized the following signs:

all subordinate clauses can be attributed to the whole main thing or to one of the words;
subordinate clauses are the same in meaning, answer one question;
coordinating unions are connected or unionless communication is used;
intonation during pronunciation is enumerative.

Examples and offer linear schemes:

I noticed how the stars began to blur (1), how a coolness swept by with a light breath (2).

, (how how…).

Sometimes subordinate clauses are represented by a cascade of explanatory sentences, depending on one word in the main part:

It is not known where she lived (1), who she was (2), why a Roman artist painted her portrait (3) and what she was thinking about in the picture (4).

, (where ...), (who ...), (why ...) and (about what ...).

Parallel

Such complex sentences have subordinate clauses with different meanings belonging to several types

Here are examples of sentences with diagrams:

When our boat sailed from the ship to the shore, we noticed that women and children began to run away from the settlement.

(When what…).

Here two subordinate clauses depend on the main clause: tense and explanatory.

Constructions can create a chain, which can be depicted in the diagram as follows:

In some places, houses were crowded, which in their color were similar to the surrounding rocks, that one had to be closer to distinguish them.

, (which ...), (what ...), (to ...).

Possible and another variant when one sentence is inside another. Sometimes constructions are combined, linking with one subordinate clause within another.

At first, the blacksmith was terribly frightened when the devil raised his devil so high that nothing could be seen below, and rushed under the very moon so that he could catch it with his hat.

, (when…, (what…), and…), (what…).

The proposals use various punctuation marks:

comma, example: The final remark of the sister-in-law ended already on the street, where she went on her urgent business;
semicolon: Some time later, everyone in the village was fast asleep; only a month hung high in the luxurious Ukrainian sky;
colon: It happened like this: at night the tank got stuck in a swamp and drowned;
dash: Thick hazel bushes will block your path, if you hurt yourself on a prickly thorn bush - stubbornly go forward.

consistent

Simple structures are connected to one another in a chain:

There is a known knot on a tree trunk, on which you put your foot when you want to climb an apple tree.

, (on which ...), (when ...).

Determination procedure

What plan determines the types of communication of sentences in a letter. We offer a step-by-step guide that is suitable for any occasion:

read the offer carefully;
highlight all grammatical bases;
divide the structure into parts and number them;
find allied words and conjunctions, in their absence, take into account intonation;
determine the nature of the relationship.

If available two independent parts, then this is a sentence with a coordinating connection. When one sentence names the reason for what is being discussed in another, then this is a complex sentence with subordination.

Attention! Adventitious constructions can be replaced either by adverbial turnover. Example: In the black sky dotted with myriads of small stars, soundless lightning appeared here and there.

Learning Russian - complex sentences with different types of connection

Types of communication in complex sentences

Conclusion

The types of connection of sentences depend on their classification. They use . The schemes are very diverse, there are many interesting options. Graphic drawing of a proposal allows you to quickly determine construction and sequence of all components, highlight the basics, find the main thing and correctly punctuate.

Complex sentences allow you to convey voluminous messages about several situations or phenomena, make speech more expressive and informative. Most often, complex sentences are used in works of art, journalistic articles, scientific papers, texts of an official business style.

What is a complex sentence?

Difficult sentence - a sentence, which consists of two or more grammatical bases, is an intonation-shaped semantic unity that expresses a certain meaning. Depending on the ratio of parts, complex sentences are distinguished with a coordinating subordinating and non-union connection.

Compound sentences with coordinating link

Compound sentences - allied sentences, which consist of equal parts connected by a coordinating link. Parts of compound sentences are combined into one whole with the help of coordinating, adversative or divisive conjunctions. In a letter, a comma is placed before the union between parts of a compound sentence.

Examples of compound sentences: The boy shook the tree, and ripe apples fell to the ground. Katya went to college, and Sasha stayed at home. Either someone called me, or it seemed.

Compound sentences with subordinating link

Complex sentences - allied proposals, consisting of unequal parts, which are connected by a subordinating relationship. In complex sentences, the main part and the dependent (subordinate) part are distinguished. Parts of the NGN are interconnected with the help of unions and allied words. In a letter, between parts of a complex sentence, a comma is placed before the union (union word).

Examples of complex sentences: He picked a flower to give to his mother. Those present were wondering where Ivan Petrovich came from. Misha went to the store that his friend was talking about.

Usually, a question can be posed from the main clause to the subordinate clause. Examples: I came home (when?) when everyone had already sat down to supper. We learned about (what?) what happened yesterday.

Compound sentences with non-union connection

Unionless complex sentences are sentences, parts of which are connected only with the help of intonation, without the use of unions and allied words.

Complex sentences with different types of connection

Mixed complex sentences may include several sentences connected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection. In writing in mixed complex sentences, punctuation is observed, which is characteristic of complex, complex and non-union sentences.

Examples: Vitya decided: if the teacher asks him to answer the question, he will have to admit that he did not prepare for the lesson. To the right hung a picture depicting a blooming garden, and to the left stood a table with carved legs. The weather worsened: a strong wind rose and it began to rain, but it was warm and dry in the tent.

If complex sentences as part of a mixed sentence form logical-syntactic blocks, a semicolon is placed between such blocks. Example: On the porch, a sparrow was pecking at grains that grandmother had accidentally scattered; at this time, papa came out, and the bird hastily flew away.

What have we learned?

Compound sentences can include simple and complex sentences.
In terms of meaning, parts of complex sentences can be equal and unequal.
According to the type of connection of parts, compound, complex and non-union sentences are distinguished.
In mixed complex sentences, the punctuation characteristic of complex sentences with the corresponding type of connection is preserved.

Topic quiz

Article rating

Average rating: 4.7. Total ratings received: 691.

Portal for the student. Self-training

Types of complex non-union proposals.

Scheme for parsing a complex non-union sentence.

What is a complex sentence

What are joint ventures

How many simple sentences can be in a complex one?

allied coordinating link

allied subordination

Unionless connection

Algorithm for parsing a joint venture with different types of communication

Punctuation of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Drawing up schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication

Summing up

Coordination

Control

adjoining

Subordinating relationship in a sentence

Sequential submission

Parallel subordination

Homogeneous submission

Types of complex sentences in Russian

Compound sentences

The main types of complex sentences with a subordinate relationship

Types of clauses in NGN

NGN with multiple clauses

Associative compound sentence

JV with different types of communication

General information

First difference

Second difference

Third difference

Special cases

Fourth difference

Types of complex sentences in Russian

Compound sentences

The main types of complex sentences with a subordinate relationship

Types of clauses in NGN

NGN with multiple clauses

Associative compound sentence

JV with different types of communication

Complex sentences and their types

Unionless constructions

Commas in non-union polynomial constructions

Dividing characters in non-union compounds

Compound constructions

Complex sentences with mixed types of communication

In a complex sentence, there may be sentences with various types of allied and allied connection.

Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connection

Classification

Determinants

Explanatory

circumstantial

Building offer schemes

Homogeneous

Parallel

consistent

Determination procedure

Conclusion

What is a complex sentence?

Compound sentences with coordinating link

Compound sentences with subordinating link

Compound sentences with non-union connection

Complex sentences with different types of connection

What have we learned?

Topic quiz

Article rating

RELATED ARTICLES