How much does a space suit cost and how does it work? How to calculate the force of gravity between celestial bodies and at what speed does the Milky Way galaxy rotate? How old is the Universe and what happens if you fall into a black hole? You can find answers to these and a number of other questions in this collection of facts about space.

Cygnus, in the constellation Cygnus, is a very large star in the known universe - a hypergiant. It is almost a million times larger than the Sun.

The planet Uranus was discovered by William Herschel, who wanted to name the planet George, after King George III, but ultimately chose Uranus.

The first rockets were made 1000 years ago in China.

Robert Goddard launched the first liquid propellant rocket engine in 1926.

Over 100 artificial satellites are currently launched into space each year. Some of them are space telescopes.

The lower the satellite's orbit, the faster it must fly to avoid falling to Earth. Most satellites fly in low orbits - 300 km from the Earth.

Hipparchus was the first astronomer who tried to find out the distance to the Sun.

The red color of Mars is due to oxidized (rusty) iron on its surface.

Jupiter doesn't have a surface for spacecraft to land on because it's made up mostly of helium and hydrogen. Jupiter's gravity compresses the hydrogen so much that it turns into a liquid.

The first successful planetary space probe was Mariner 2, which flew past Venus in 1962.

Voyager 2 flew 600,000,000 km and is moving out of the solar system after passing close to Neptune in 1989.

To save fuel on flights to distant planets, space probes can use the gravity of neighboring planets to eject. It's called a slingshot.

Hubble's law showed that the universe is becoming everything. This led to the idea of ​​the Big Bang.

The first astronomers thought that regular pulses from deep space could be signals from aliens, and pulsars were jokingly called LGMs (short for Little Green Men - MZCH - little green men).

Pulsars probably originated from a supernova explosion - which is why most of them are in the plane of the Milky Way's disk.

We still know very little about the vast universe in which we live. Check out our list of 25 space mysteries that will make you think.
Space contains all sorts of dangers, from deadly radiation to exploding superstars.
However, humanity is determined to go out and explore space, so to make sure we know exactly what we're aiming for, here are 25 space facts that will amaze you.

speed of light

Everyone likes to imagine themselves flying through the galaxy at the speed of light, at about 299,792,458 meters per second; however, the reality may be less funny and much more fatal. Upon contact with an object moving at the speed of light, hydrogen atoms turn into highly radioactive particles that can easily destroy the crew of a starship and destroy electronics in a matter of seconds. Even a few wandering bubbles of hydrogen gas floating in space can have a radioactive output equivalent to a beam of protons produced by the Large Hadron Collider.

Moon


Every year, our moon is about 400,000 km from the Earth, and this may seem unimportant at first, it can have devastating consequences for our planet in the future. While the Earth's gravitational field should be sufficient for the moon to spin freely in space, the increasing distance between it and the Earth will eventually slow our planet's rotation to the point that one day takes more than a month, and our oceans don't there will be tides..

Black holes


Black holes, typically formed by the death of massive stars, are superdense regions of space with such a strong gravitational pull that they trap light and time. Just a small black hole in our solar system would throw the planets out of orbit and tear our sun apart. This in itself is not terrible, but black holes can race across the galaxy at a speed of several million miles per second, leaving traces of destruction in their path.

Gamma radiation


The most powerful type of explosion in the universe, gamma ray bursts are intense high-frequency bursts of electromagnetic radiation that carry as much energy in milliseconds as our sun will give off over its lifetime. If one of these rays hit Earth, it could strip the atmosphere of ozone in a matter of seconds, and some scientists believe that gamma rays are the cause of mass extinctions 440 million years ago on Earth.

Zero gravity


Scientifically, microgravity occurs when an object is in free fall and appears weightless. While it may seem fun to float around like astronauts, prolonged periods of time in the absence of gravity leads to long-term mental and physical damage to a person.

Cold welding


Here on Earth, gases in the atmosphere react with metals to create a thin layer of oxidation. However, the vacuum of space has no atmosphere and therefore does not cause oxidation on metals, leading to an interesting reaction. This reaction is called cold welding, and it happens when two metals of the same molecular composition are pressed together and gradually fuse together as if they were one. Although this may sound strange, it caused a lot of problems on the first satellites and complicated repairs in space.

extraterrestrial life


The universe is massive and incredibly old, so the chances of other planets similar to the evolution of the Earth are unlikely. According to the Fermi paradox, the high probability of extraterrestrial life in space is contradicted by the lack of clear evidence to support it. At this point, we're not sure which is scarier; the fact that we cannot be alone in the universe or the possibility that we are.

Rogue planets


Launched into space after the formation of their planetary system, these planets are bodies that can move freely through space, crashing into everything they meet on the way. Since they do not orbit the Sun, these planets have low surface temperatures. However, due to their molten cores and icy insulation, some scientists theorize that these free planets may contain massive subterranean oceans that support life.

Travels


In 1969, it took the Third Lunar Module Apollo 11 3 days to land on Earth's natural satellite, the Moon. Since then, our technology has grown rapidly; We could expect to get to Mars in 7-9 months, and it will take about 10 years to get to Pluto. Distances outside our solar system are becoming even more extreme; even traveling at the speed of light, it would take us over 4 years to get to the nearest star, Alpha Centurion, and over 100,000 years to get to the galactic center of the Milky Way.

extreme temperatures


Depending on where you are in space, you will most likely find yourself in extreme conditions. The heat emitted by a supernova can reach temperatures of 50 million degrees Celsius or more, five times the temperature of a nuclear explosion. At the opposite end of the spectrum, the cosmic background temperature of space measures minus 270 degrees Celsius, slightly warmer than absolute zero. You definitely don't want to forget your jacket.

Darkness


Fear of the dark is not just a fear that children experience; it is an evolutionary trait created by humans to protect against the dangers lurking in the unknown. The only reason adults today aren't afraid of what they can't see is because they've learned from experience that there's very little chance of monsters lurking under the bed. However, in space, darkness is a completely unexplored void that goes on indefinitely, so for fear of the dangers that lurk beyond our sight, this is an understandable reaction.

magnetars


Magnetars are incredibly dense neutron stars. In fact, they are basically a whole star squashed into a sphere only 15 miles in diameter. One teaspoon of magnetar contains the same mass as the 900 great pyramids of Giza. They are also hosts to the strongest magnetic fields in our universe, fields so strong that anything that gets too close is torn apart at the atomic level.

Musculoskeletal atrophy

Astronauts visiting the International Space Station show signs of significant muscle atrophy after just six weeks in space.

Venus


Despite taking its name from the Roman goddess of love, Venus is arguably the most hellish planet in our solar system. With surface temperatures around 500 degrees Celsius, atmospheric pressure is 90 times greater than Earth's, and constant sulfuric acid rain just landing on Venus will kill you in minutes. This is definitely not a planet you would like to have a picnic on.

Dark Matter / Dark Energy


We know very little about our universe. In fact, we've only seen less than 5% of the material it's made from. The other 95% are dark matter and dark energy. About a quarter of the universe is made up of dark matter, a mass that we cannot see or find. The rest of the universe is dark energy, the true nature of which is mostly unknown. However, we are sure that this plays a decisive role in the expansion of the Universe.

Source Radiation


Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field protect us from some really nasty things, namely radiation. Cosmic rays, solar winds, and electromagnetic particles permeate the universe, so much so that astronauts traveling between Earth and Mars will receive whole-body radiation exposure for 5-6 days. Those who do not succumb to the effects of radiation sickness before reaching their goal will almost certainly get cancer for the rest of their lives.

Expanding Sun


Our Sun constantly uses nuclear fusion to fuse hydrogen and helium together for burning; however, its hydrogen is not infinite, and as it depletes, the Sun will get hotter and hotter. Eventually, it will become so hot that the Earth's atmosphere will be burned, and our oceans will boil and evaporate completely. Then, once all of the Sun's hydrogen is gone, it will expand into a red giant and engulf the Earth once and for all.

hypernovae


With 100 times more energy than a standard supernova, hypernovae are powerful explosions that occur after the death of a massive star. While the factors that cause a hypern star to form are widely disputed, we do know that the result is often a black hole or neutron star. Hypernovae are also the source of bursts of gamma-ray bursts in the universe, and they are bright enough to be seen by telescopes millions of light-years away.

Electromagnetic vibrations


Space is an almost perfect vacuum, which means you can count on your ears not picking up sound during your time in outer space. While the thought of complete silence may be insane in itself, don't believe that just because you can't hear anything, there's no sound. Due to the lack of gases to move them, sound waves are absent in space, but sounds are still transmitted through space using electromagnetic vibrations. NASA recorded some of these vibrations from celestial bodies in our solar system and played them back, resulting in some really terrible sci-fi sounds.

Anything can kill you


There is no room for error in space; even the smallest mistake can kill you. Of the 430 people sent into space, 18 never return home. Today's improvements in spaceflight make it much safer than before. In the 1970s, almost 30% of the people who flew into space died; however, the farthest of our journeys is the moon. A trip to Mars would increase the risk tenfold.

Time distribution


Imagine that an astronaut is traveling through space at a speed close to the speed of light. Now imagine a person standing on the ground. According to Einstein's theory of relativity, an astronaut will experience time much more slowly than a stationary person. When the astronaut finally returns home, even if he has been on earth for many years, since since he left, he will only be a fraction of that time. This is called time dilation, and while we have yet to develop the technology to move people fast enough to notice its effects, we have seen examples of it when studying high-speed particles in the lab.

Stars with hyperspeed


Believed to be the result of a close encounter with a black hole, hypervelocity stars are stars that have been ejected from their systems and sent into intergalactic space at speeds up to 2 million miles per hour. While most of the hypervelocity stars we've identified so far are the same size and mass as the Sun, they could theoretically be any size and reach even more incredible speeds.

solar flares


Despite the occasional sunburn, our Sun has given us warmth and light for billions of years. However, don't let our local star fool you. Our Sun is a huge incandescent plasma that can make massive bursts of solar radiation at random. While they are unlikely to directly threaten life on Earth, these solar flares can create electromagnetic pulses that destroy power grids, interfere with radio communications, and invalidate technology.

Depressurization


Obviously, there is no air in space; however, this means more danger than just holding your breath for a long time. The human body is adapted to the atmospheric pressure on Earth, so when you go up in an airplane or travel on mountain roads, ear problems arise. There is no air pressure in a vacuum space. Within seconds of leaving your spaceship, all the water in your body will boil and evaporate, expanding rapidly until you burst like an overflowing balloon.

Big Bang: contraction or expansion?


Everything must come to an end, but will there be an end to everything? Scientists agree that this is likely to be the ultimate end of the universe, but how that will happen is still uncertain. One of the prevailing theories says that there will come a point at which the gravitational forces in the universe will reach their limit and cause the entire universe to stop expanding and begin to contract, gradually converging to an infinitesimal point, and then disappear altogether. Another theory, known as the big bang theory, claims that the universe will expand to such an extent that gravity loses all meaning and the cosmos literally falls apart; even the particles in atoms eventually drift apart. We honestly can't decide which is more scary.

On January 27, 1967, an international document was signed that formed the basis of space law and declared Space to be the property of all mankind. And for this day, we have prepared for you a selection of the most amazing facts about the Universe.

1. A day on the planet Venus lasts longer than a year. And all because this planet rotates around the Sun noticeably faster than around its own axis.

2. In space, it is much easier to hide emotions, because due to the lack of gravity, it is simply physically impossible to cry there.

3. There is no wind on the Moon, so any trace left there will last for centuries and even millennia.

4. The larger the planet, the stronger the force of gravity acts on it. So if on Earth a person weighs 60 kilograms, then on Jupiter (whose radius is more than 10 times the radius of the Earth), his weight would already be 142 kilograms.

5. The density of Saturn is almost half that of water. It turns out that if such a huge glass of water could be found, Saturn would float on its surface.

6. If you connect two metal parts in space, they will instantly weld to each other. On Earth, this is hindered by oxides that form on the surface of metals under the influence of our atmosphere.

7. Every year, the Moon moves away from the Earth by almost four centimeters.

8. Due to the absence of an atmosphere, all shadows on the moon are completely black.

9. Anyone who is sure that there is nothing of value in the outer space surrounding our planet should change their minds. In 2011, scientists discovered the planet PSR J1719-1438 b, almost entirely composed of diamond.

10. Lightning often occurs in space; scientists observe them on Mars and Saturn. In most cases, black holes are to blame for their appearance.

11. Everyone knows that shooting stars visible from the Earth are actually meteors burning up in the Earth's atmosphere. But the stars themselves can also move, just very, very rarely; this happens to only one heavenly body out of a hundred million.

12. The water found on Mars is heavier than Earth's: it contains five times more deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen with an extra neutron.

13. It has been proven that there is no magnetic field on the Moon. However, the stones brought by the astronauts from the satellite had magnetic properties.

14. If even a tiny amount of solar matter (for example, the size of a pinhead) hit the Earth, it would absorb oxygen at such an incredible rate that it would destroy all life within a radius of 160 kilometers in less than a second!

15. The largest volcano known to mankind is located on Mars. The giant named "Olympus" has a length of more than 600 kilometers, and its height is 27 kilometers. And this means that it is three times higher than the highest point on earth - Mount Everest.

16. Warming and giving us life, solar energy originated in the solar core as early as 30,000 years ago. She spent all these years trying to overcome the superdense shell of the heavenly body.

17. Venus is the only planet in the solar system that rotates counterclockwise.

18. The official scientific theory claims that a person is able to survive in open space without a spacesuit for as much as ninety seconds, but only if all the air is immediately exhaled from the lungs.

19. Scientists from Harvard University have proven that some of the earth's rocks are of Martian origin. True, a very small part: only 0.67 percent.

20. Earth's gravity makes us lower: in outer space, the human spine "unclenches" by more than five centimeters.

Hi all!

A very interesting collection of facts about space for children.

Where did the universe come from

The universe is so big that we don't even know if it has boundaries. It originated about 13.7 billion years ago when the Big Bang happened. At that moment, everything appeared: the matter from which the stars and planets are made, the forces of interaction between the particles of matter, even time and space were born in the process of the Big Bang. Why this happened, people still can not explain.

Time passed. The universe expanded in all directions and finally began to take shape. From the whirlpools of energy, tiny particles were born. Hundreds of thousands of years later, they merged and turned into atoms - “bricks” that make up everything that we see. At the same time, light arose, which began to move freely in space.

solar system

There are eight planets in our solar system, and they all revolve around the sun in the same direction. The force of attraction of the huge Sun, as if with an invisible rope, holds the planets, preventing them from escaping and flying into space. The first four planets - if you count in order from the Sun - are composed of rocks and are quite close to the star. They are called the terrestrial planets. You can walk on the solid surface of these planets. The other four planets are made entirely of gases. If you stand on their surface, you can fall through and fly through the entire planet. These four gas giants are much larger than the terrestrial planets, and they are located very far from each other.

It has long been thought that the most distant planet in our solar system is Pluto, which lies beyond Neptune in a region called the Kuiper Belt. But not so long ago, scientists decided that Pluto still cannot be considered a planet, because there are other celestial bodies of the same size and even larger in the Kuiper belt (for example, Eris is a planetoid discovered in 2005).

If the Earth were a cherry tomato, how big would the rest of the planets be? If we held the Earth - a cherry tomato - in our hands, then the Sun would be 500 meters away from us and would have a diameter of only 4.5 meters.

Milky Way

All the stars that are visible to us from Earth are part of large groups - galaxies that look like giant cosmic whirlpools. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way, or simply the Galaxy, and is shaped like a fireworks pinwheel. There are as many stars in it as a person cannot count in his entire life. Our Galaxy is constantly rotating, only very slowly: for a complete revolution, it takes as much as 225 million years. The Milky Way can be seen with your own eyes. To do this, you need to go to nature, away from city lights, and look at the sky. There will be a milky white streak of light. This is the Milky Way.

First walk on the moon

On July 21, 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first people to walk on the moon. They wore spacesuits that were multi-layered to protect them from cold and cosmic radiation, and air tanks that allowed them to breathe in a vacuum. The suits were personal, and it was possible to walk in them up to 115 hours. On Earth, such suits are very difficult to wear, but on the Moon they are almost weightless.

sun and earth

Every day we see the Sun passing through the sky, but this is an optical illusion. In fact, the Sun stands still, and the Earth rotates around it and around its own axis. During the day, the Earth makes a complete revolution around its axis, substituting different sides of the Sun. That is why it seems to us that the Sun rises and sets. It's like circling around a bright lamp: it seems that it appears and disappears.

Space will always be of interest to people. Even those who are far from . Therefore, it is no coincidence that every year we manage to learn some new ones.

In this article, we have prepared for you a lot of fascinating information about space and astronauts, as well as about the structure of the Universe in general. Perhaps some things you already know, but something, after all, you will hear for the first time.

So in front of you the most interesting facts about space.

tenth planet in the solar system

Did you know that in 2003, American astronomers managed to discover the 10th planet, located behind? She was named Eris.

This discovery was made possible thanks to a new and improved technique. Soon, other space objects were also discovered. They, along with Pluto and Eris, were called transplutonic.

It is worth noting that such discoveries are of interest to scientists also because they are trying to find out what advantages and dangers this or that cosmic body can conceal.

Scientists are constantly looking for life on other planets. This is due to the frightening events that are unfolding today on. We are talking about the threat of nuclear war, epidemics, global cataclysms and many other factors.

Mysterious Moon

Telling interesting facts about space, one cannot fail to mention the Moon. Indeed, despite the fact that, compared to other celestial bodies, the Moon is the best studied, we still do not know much about it.

Here are just a few of the mysteries that have yet to be answered:

• Why is the moon so large? It is important to understand here that in the solar system, the planets do not have natural satellites comparable in size to the moon.
• What is the reason that the diameter of the lunar disk at the time of total eclipse ideally covers the disk of the sun?
• What makes the moon rotate in a regular circular orbit? This question is difficult to answer, since the orbits of the remaining satellites are ellipsoid?

Where is the twin of the Earth

According to some scientists, the Earth has a twin. It turned out that on the satellite - Titan, the conditions are very similar to our planet.

There is also a sufficient amount of a similar air shell present and observed.

At the moment, Titan is of particular interest in the scientific community and continues to be actively investigated by specialists.

Mystery of Mars

The Red Planet is a nickname given to it because of its color. Water was discovered on this planet, and a suitable temperature and atmosphere were determined for the existence of living organisms.

In the middle of the 20th century, there was a popular song that apple trees would soon bloom on Mars. However, it still remains uninhabited.

Scientists are trying to find any signs of life, but research is not easy. The main problem is the long distance to this coveted planet.

An interesting fact is that today Mars is the second most studied object in space after the Earth.

Why did the flights to the moon stop?

Since the Moon is closest to the Earth, it never ceases to interest the minds of people. In 1969, the Americans visited it and managed to collect important space data about this satellite. Today, scientists continue research in one form or another.

However, after American astronauts flew to the moon, the satellite study program was abruptly terminated.

Naturally, this leads to many questions and bewilderment: why was a successful space exploration project closed without sufficient reason?

There is an opinion that there was no flight at all, and all photos and videos allegedly taken in space were simply falsified in an American film studio.

Considering the fact that the Cold War was in full swing at the time, such a forgery is quite possible to assume.

The first astronaut to visit the moon, Neil Armstrong, claimed that there is another form of life there, in the fight against which a person cannot emerge victorious. However, his opinion does little to clarify the situation as a whole.

Unfortunately, today many facts about this space object remain classified. Perhaps in the near future we will learn some new interesting facts about the Moon and what space explorers hid from us.

space toilet

An interesting fact is that before sending the first man into space, scientists faced an unusual problem: what should be the toilet so that astronauts can use it normally in a state of weightlessness?

It is only at first glance that it may seem that creating a toilet for astronauts is a simple task. In fact, everything is much more complicated.

The sewerage system must function without failure. For example, during the takeoff of a spacecraft and its subsequent spacewalk, astronauts have to use special diapers.

As soon as they began to build a rocket, designers paid special attention to the invention of plumbing devices. They were developed taking into account the individual anatomical features of the crew members.

Every year, toilets in spacecraft have become more versatile, thoughtful and comfortable.

Superstitions on board

Astronauts, like other people, have many superstitions.

For example, when they go into space, they take a branch of wormwood with them so that its smell reminds them of the Earth. Before the launch, Russian cosmonauts must turn on the song of the Zemlyane group - "Earth in the window".

Sergei Korolev, the founder of practical Soviet cosmonautics, never allowed space flights to take place on Mondays. He himself did not comment on this in any way, although because of this decision he had many conflicts with the leadership.

Once, when the launch was nevertheless carried out on Monday, by a fatal accident, a whole series of accidents occurred.

On October 24, 1960, a ballistic missile suddenly exploded at Baikonur. From that moment on, this sad date became associated with bad luck. And today, on this day, no work is usually carried out at spaceports.

Unknown facts about space and Russian cosmonautics

The peak of the popularity of Russian cosmonautics fell on the Soviet era. Scientists and designers managed to achieve phenomenal results that amazed the whole world.

However, against the backdrop of victories, there were also tragic moments that need to be treated with understanding. The exploration of outer space was made by a new and unexplored direction in science, so mistakes were inevitable.

Here are some interesting facts you may not have heard of.

• On the monument installed in Star City, you can see a camomile, which the astronaut holds in his hand.
• Many people think that the first living beings sent into space were, but this is not so. In fact, they were turtles.
• Do you know why in the middle of the 20th century, 2 spaceports were built in the Soviet Union? This was done in order to mislead the enemy. Wooden structures imitating real space structures were erected from Baikonur at a distance of 300 km.

Funny discoveries and interesting facts about space

• Saturn has a very low density and is a very light planet. If he could be immersed in water, he would not drown in it.
• Among all the planets of the solar system, is the largest. Surprisingly, all the planets revolving around the Sun could fit inside it.
• The very first star catalog was compiled by the ancient scientist Hipparchus, who lived in the 2nd century BC. e.
• In 1980, the "Lunar Embassy" was formed, dealing with the sale of territories on the Moon. By the way, about 8% of the lunar surface has already been sold by the position today. So if you are interested in space from a practical point of view - hurry up!
• An interesting fact is that the Americans spent huge amounts of money on the development of a special pen that could write in space. Indeed, in a state of weightlessness, ink does not flow from the rod, as it happens on earth. Soviet cosmonauts considered this problem somewhat far-fetched, and took into space for notes ... a pencil.

NASA's most unusual claims

Throughout its history, NASA has made many different statements, some of which were very unusual and even strange.

• Being in zero gravity, astronauts suffer from "space sickness", accompanied by nausea and pain. This is due to a violation of the full functioning of the inner ear.
• The fluid in the astronaut's body tends to get into the head, as a result of which his nose is blocked, and his face noticeably swells.
• In outer space, a person becomes taller due to the lack of pressure on his spine.
• A snoring person on Earth, in zero gravity, will not make any sounds.

If you liked interesting facts about space, share them with your friends. If you like it at all - subscribe to the site IinterestingFakty.org on any social network. It's always interesting with us!

Liked the post? Press any button.