• Reproduction of the population includes not only the birth of a child, but also his upbringing, preparation of a full-fledged member of society, capable of performing the necessary functions that ensure the social development of society.

• A unified comprehensive system of population reproduction, ensuring the birth of a healthy child and raising a healthy generation, determines the main content of the level of reproductive health.

• The level of reproductive health of each individual person and society as a whole affects the reproduction of the population in our country, determines the demographic situation and has a significant, if not major, impact on the state of national security.

HISTORICAL FACTS

• HISTORICAL FACTS

The best minds of Russia connected its future with the growth of the population and the development of its high spiritual and creative qualities. D.I. Mendeleev, based on demographic indicators of the beginning of the 19th century, determined the probable population of the Russian Empire in 2000 at 594.3 million people. However, the revolution of 1917 and the fratricidal Civil War, collectivization, the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, as well as the collapse of the USSR made significant adjustments to this forecast. The population of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2006 was 142.7 million people.

Statistics

• Statistics

In the Russian Federation, since 1992, there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the population, which is still observed. The main reason for this situation is the natural population decline due to the excess of deaths over the number of births. Thus, the country's population as of January 1, 2006, compared to 1996, decreased by 5.5 million people.

The life expectancy of the Russian population remains low. In 1994, it was 57.7 years for men and 71.3 years for women. According to long-term forecasts, it remains close to this level (for example, for men born in 2005, the average life expectancy will be 58.9 years, for women - 72.4 years). For comparison: the average life expectancy of citizens of the USA and England is 75 years, Canada - 76, Sweden - 78, Japan - 79.

• According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia

• Providing sustainable motivation for a person to create a prosperous family and foster a personal model of a good family man.

• The degree of responsibility of parents and the state for the upbringing of children, their receipt of the necessary education, their state of health, physical and mental, spiritual and moral development.

Statistics

• Statistics

Since 1990, the number of marriages concluded annually in Russia has been decreasing. In 1990, there were 8.9 marriages per 1,000 people; in 2005, this number was 7.5. Along with the decline in marriages, the number of divorces increased. And it cannot be said that recently there has been a sharp downward trend in this indicator. In 1990, they were recorded at 3.8 per 1000 population, and in 2003 - 5.5, in 2005 - 4.2.

In 1994, 1090.6 thousand marriages and 680.5 thousand divorces were registered in the country, in 2003 - 1091.8 thousand marriages and 798.8 thousand divorces, respectively, in 2005 - 1066.4 thousand marriages and 604.9 thousand divorces. The number of children in dissolved marriages is constantly increasing. In addition, the number of children born to women who are not in a registered marriage is constantly growing. In 2005, the number of such children was 437,075.

• According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia

• The Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in 2006 placed special emphasis on increasing the birth rate and strengthening state support for families with children, and on developing a mechanism to reduce the number of children in residential care institutions.

• The current federal target program “Children of Russia” for 2007-2010 has been adopted, which is designed to provide an integrated approach to creating favorable conditions for improving the life and health of children, and to solving the problems of disadvantaged families with children.

• In conclusion, we note that preserving and strengthening the health of the younger generation is an important task in order to increase the national security of Russia.

• What impact does the state of reproductive health of individuals and society have on the national security of Russia?

• What role does the family play in the process of generational change?

• What impact does the activity of the state and parents have on the education and development of the younger generation?

• What is the importance for the national security of Russia of the ability of each person to lead a healthy lifestyle, maintain and strengthen their health?

For example, family role"mother" implies that any woman takes care of her children. This role also includes a complex of feelings, the most important of which is love. However, “mother” is also the goals that she strives to achieve, namely, to raise her children as worthy people. This concept is associated with the phenomena of norms and sanctions. Norms determine what exactly, from the point of view of society, should be performed by the role holder. Thus, the mother is obliged to help children master various skills, control their behavior, and, if necessary, punish them. Sanctions are the reactions of others or the person himself to the fulfillment or failure to fulfill a role. People may judge a mother who abandoned her children. She may also experience an internal sanction - remorse, realizing that she does not love her child.

Family members perform different duties: spouse, mother, father, son, daughter, grandmother, grandfather, grandson, father-in-law, mother-in-law, daughter-in-law, older brother, etc. Moreover, in a family consisting of three generations living together and leading a common household, one and the same person must be able to flexibly function in several roles at once (for example, as the husband of his wife, the father of the eldest child - a son and the youngest child - a daughter, son-in-law and mother-in-law). Otherwise, a variety of family role conflicts and family dysfunction may arise.

Each family role individually and their entire system in a particular family must meet certain requirements.

First, they must have logical integrity. If expectations from a representative of a certain family role are contradictory, serious difficulties arise in its implementation (for example, when a mother demands from her son that he be gentle, soft, obedient and, at the same time, independent and courageous).

Secondly, the totality family roles which an individual fulfills in the family must ensure the satisfaction of his needs for respect, recognition, and sympathy. Thus, the role of a husband places on a man not only the obligation to provide financially for his wife, but also gives him the right to expect love, affection, and satisfaction of sexual and erotic needs from her.

Thirdly, it is very important that the tasks performed correspond to the capabilities of the individual. When the demands are unbearable, neuropsychic tension and anxiety arise (as a result of one’s lack of confidence in coping with the role). An example of this is the “child playing the role of parent” in a situation where, due to the absence of elders or their personality disorders, he has to take on parental responsibilities.

In normally functioning families, the structure family roles is holistic, dynamic and psychologically comfortable for all its members. However, they are often pathologizing and, due to their structure and content, have a traumatic effect on family members. These are the roles of “family scapegoat”, “family martyr who completely sacrifices himself in the name of loved ones”, “sick family member”, etc.

In some families, one member is forced to play a social role that is traumatic for himself, but psychologically beneficial to his relatives.An illustration of this is the delegation of the role of an adult to a child, which is typical for families with the problem of alcoholism, where the mother “saves” the father and suffers, and the child faces the need to be his mother’s “support” - to support her, console her, not upset her, and hide his childhood difficulties from her. so as not to upset. In this case, the child is used by the mother to resolve marital conflicts: he is put forward as a “shield” during drunken scandals, sent to negotiations with the father the next morning in order to “reason” with him, etc.

Statistics show that the transition to a market economy has had a very negative impact on the state of the family. Demographers record a catastrophic drop in the birth rate, sociologists note an increase in the number of asocial families and predict a decline in living standards and a decline in the moral principles of family education.

One of the best gifts a parent can give a child is to teach them about their family history. As an adult, he himself will become a link between generations. The connection between generations becomes visible when we look at photographs of our relatives together, tell or listen to life stories, “family legends.”

It’s sad that, basically, we don’t know our ancestry beyond three generations. In the modern world there are a lot of technical opportunities to leave it and leave a memory of yourself. This activity will be very interesting and very important for the family. And we know that nothing unites a family like a common hobby. How great it is to get everyone together in the evening not in front of the TV, but in front of the family album over a cup of tea with raspberry jam prepared according to grandma’s recipe!

The concept of “reproductive health” comes from the word “reproduction”. Biological reproduction- this is the reproduction by organisms of their own kind, the same as reproduction.

The existence of any type of living being is possible only through reproduction and change of generations. Man is no exception. The history of mankind represents a continuous change of generations.

However, if in all living species reproduction and change of generations occur on the basis of biological programs and depend on external conditions, then a person endowed with intelligence can influence the implementation of biological programs, i.e. control the reproductive system, ensuring not only birth, but also the necessary raising offspring taking into account the social needs of society.

Remember!

Reproduction of the population includes not only the birth of a child, but also his upbringing, preparation of a full-fledged member of society, capable of performing the necessary functions that ensure the social development of society.

A unified comprehensive system of population reproduction, ensuring the birth of a healthy child and raising a healthy generation, determines the main content of the level of reproductive health.

The level of reproductive health of each individual person and society as a whole affects the reproduction of the population in our country, determines the demographic situation and has a significant, if not major, impact on the state of national security 1 .

The level of reproductive health is a kind of summary of the entire complex of reproductive health of a person and Russian society. The demographic state of a country characterizes in general terms the health of the country's citizens and society as a whole. The ruling forces of many states and peoples consider the growth of demographic potential as the main guarantee of survival in the processes of global and regional rivalry and struggle.

Historical facts The best minds of Russia connected its future with the growth of the population and the development of its high spiritual and creative qualities. D.I. Mendeleev, based on demographic indicators of the beginning of the 19th century, determined the probable population of the Russian Empire in 2000 at 594.3 million people. However, the revolution of 1917 and the fratricidal Civil War, collectivization, the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, as well as the collapse of the USSR made significant adjustments to this forecast. The population of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2008 was 142 million people. It should be noted that the leadership of various states in critical situations of a demographic nature takes a number of administrative measures. Thus, in the USSR at one time there was a ban on abortion, the procedure for divorce was complicated, control over the payment of alimony in favor of women was tightened, state awards and honorary titles were established for motherhood of many children (in 1944 the honorary title “Mother Heroine” and An order of the same name was established to reward women who gave birth and raised ten or more children). A set of such measures helped increase the rate of population growth.

The current demographic situation in the world requires, in the interests of global, regional and internal security of countries, the development of general principles of attitude towards population dynamics. Demographic security is occupying an increasingly priority place in the system of national and international security. The issue of demographic development of each country is its sovereign right, taking into account all available and potential resources. The demographic processes occurring in the country must correspond to its social development and ensure the well-being and safety of the population.

Statistics In the Russian Federation, since 1992, there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the population, which is still observed. The main reason for this situation is the natural population decline due to the excess of deaths over the number of births. So. The country's population as of January 1, 2006, compared to 1996, decreased by 5.5 million people. The life expectancy of the Russian population remains low. In 1994, it was 57.7 years for men and 71.3 years for women. According to long-term forecasts, it remains close to this level (for example, for men born in 2006, the average life expectancy will be 60.4 years, for women - 73.2 years). For comparison: the average life expectancy of citizens of the USA and England is 75 years, Canada - 76, Sweden - 78, Japan - 79. According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia

Assessment of the level of reproductive health from the point of view of demographic processes occurring in Russia also leaves much to be desired.

To assess the state of the level of reproductive health of our society and the opportunities available in the Russian state for population reproduction and ensuring generational change, we will consider the two most significant conditions affecting the level of reproductive health of the individual and society.

1. Providing sustainable motivation for a person to create a prosperous family and foster a personal model of a good family man.
2. The degree of responsibility of parents and the state for the upbringing of children, their receipt of the necessary education, their state of health, physical and mental, spiritual and moral development.

These criteria most fully characterize reproductive health as the main component of public health.

Sustainable motivation to create a prosperous family. It has been established that the best social structure that meets the interests of the individual and society and ensures a continuous change of generations is the family.

Remember!

A family is a small social group based on marriage or consanguinity, whose members are bound by a common life, mutual assistance and moral and legal responsibility.

In modern society, the family consists of spouses and their children and is a moral and legal union of a man and a woman.

The form of formation of married couples and the nature of the relationship between the spouses are subject to social and cultural norms developed by society in the course of historical development. They are largely influenced by the social structure and characteristics of a particular historical stage in the development of society.

The Family Code of the Russian Federation came into force on March 1, 1996. Family legislation of the Russian Federation is based on the need to strengthen the family, build family relationships on feelings of mutual love and respect, mutual assistance and responsibility to the family of all its members, the inadmissibility of arbitrary interference by anyone in its affairs, ensuring the unhindered exercise by family members of their rights.

Walk in nature

The family performs functions that largely determine the preservation and strengthening of the health of an individual and society. Only in the family does a person receive sustainable opportunities to meet everyday needs and develop his personality. The family most fully performs the reproductive function - giving birth and raising children. In the family, parents introduce their children to moral values ​​and standards of behavior, the world around them, life in society, interaction with other people, and pass on work skills. The family resolves the leisure function, which ensures the harmonious development of a person, and the sexual function, which ensures the satisfaction of the sexual needs of the spouses.

Thus, a person’s stable motivation to create a prosperous family and the attractiveness for him of the personal model of becoming a good family man, as well as his ability to choose a life partner and create a happy family, where there will be more harmony in the relationship between spouses than conflicts, characterize the level of a person’s reproductive health.

Statistics Since 1990, the number of marriages concluded annually in Russia has been decreasing. In 1990, there were 8.9 marriages per 1,000 people; in 2000, this number was 6.2. Along with the decline in marriages, the number of divorces increased. And it cannot be said that recently there has been a sharp downward trend in this indicator. In 1990, they were recorded at 3.8 per 1000 population, and in 2003 - 5.5, in 2007 - 4.8. In 1994, 1090.6 thousand marriages and 680.5 thousand divorces were registered in the country, in 2003 - 1091.8 thousand marriages and 798.8 thousand divorces, respectively, in 2007 - 1262.6 thousand marriages and 685.9 thousand divorces. The number of children in dissolved marriages is constantly increasing. In addition, the number of children born to women who are not in a registered marriage is constantly growing. According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia

Analysis of statistical data and surveys of young people shows this. that the example of a person capable of creating a prosperous family and becoming a good family man is sharply losing its attractiveness. The importance of the very value of a happy family life is falling. Among young people, the proportion of those who do not consider it necessary to legally formalize their marriage relations when creating a future family is noticeably increasing.

Attention!

From all that has been said, we can draw a harsh conclusion: the level of human health and reproductive health as an integral part of public health has been constantly declining in recent years.

Responsibility of parents and the state for the upbringing and development of children, for their health also characterizes the level of reproductive health.

The family, as the initial unit of society and the state as a whole, performing a reproductive function, must ensure the upbringing and development of the child’s physical, spiritual and moral qualities, form him into a person and citizen, integrated into his contemporary society and aimed at its improvement, thereby ensuring reproduction and human resource development. The degree to which this function is performed characterizes the level of reproductive health of the family. This level can also be assessed with a certain degree of reliability taking into account available statistics characterizing the spiritual, physical and social well-being of children.

The Russian Federation has a number of national projects and regional programs aimed at improving the situation of children.

The Program for the Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation for the Medium Term (2006-2008) identified the following priority directions of state policy to improve the situation of children in the Russian Federation:

• protection and promotion of health of children and adolescents;
• prevention of social disadvantage in families with children;
• increasing the efficiency of the state system of support for children in particularly difficult circumstances, including disabled children, orphans and children without parental care;
• creating conditions for the active inclusion of children in the socio-economic and cultural life of society.

The Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in 2006 placed special emphasis on increasing the birth rate and strengthening state support for families with children, and on developing a mechanism to reduce the number of children in residential care institutions.

The current federal target program “Children of Russia” for 2007-2010 has been adopted, which is designed to provide an integrated approach to creating favorable conditions for improving the life and health of children, and to solving the problems of disadvantaged families with children.

In conclusion, we note that preserving and strengthening the health of the younger generation is an important task in order to increase the national security of Russia.

Questions

1. What impact does the state of reproductive health of individuals and society have on the national security of Russia?
2. What role does the family play in the process of generational change?
3. What impact does the activity of the state and parents have on the education and development of the younger generation?
4. What is the importance for the national security of Russia of the ability of each person to lead a healthy lifestyle, maintain and strengthen their health?
5. Why is it in the family that a person receives sustainable opportunities to meet everyday needs?

Exercise

Formulate for yourself what qualities of a person will contribute to harmonious relationships between family members and the creation of a safe family life.

1 You can read in detail about reproductive health as a component of human and social health in the textbook “Fundamentals of Life Safety. 8th grade" (see section 7.3.).

The purpose of the lesson: Systematize students' knowledge about reproductive health as a single component of human and social health. Show the role and importance of the family in strengthening reproductive health and ensuring the national security of Russia.

Time: 1 hour.

Lesson type: combined.

DURING THE CLASSES

Organizing time.

Repetition of covered material.

1. Conversation on questions:

— Why is a healthy lifestyle an individual system of human behavior?

— What is the importance of a healthy lifestyle in developing a person’s general culture in the field of life safety?

— What factors of human behavior influence the formation of his spiritual well-being?

— What factors contribute to the formation of a person’s physical well-being?

— What type of human behavior ensures the formation of his social well-being?

1. State the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Studying a new topic.

Questions studied

1. Reproductive health and demographic situation in the country.
2. The role of the family in ensuring the reproductive health of individuals and society.
3. Responsibility of parents and the state for the upbringing and development of children.

Presentation of educational material

1. Remind students of the concept of “reproductive health.”

Population reproduction includes not only the birth of a child, but also his upbringing, training a full-fledged member of society, capable of performing the necessary functions that ensure the development of society.

The level of reproductive health is a kind of summary of the entire complex of reproductive health of a person and Russian society. The demographic state of a country characterizes in general terms the health of the country's citizens and society as a whole.

The current demographic situation in the world requires, in the interests of global, regional and internal security of countries, the development of general principles of attitude towards population dynamics. Demographic security is occupying an increasingly priority place in the system of national and international security.

To form in students an idea of ​​the dominant role of the family in strengthening and preserving the reproductive health of individuals and society, emphasizing that the basis of a prosperous family is the sustainable motivation of every person and citizen to start a family.

It has been established that the best social structure that meets the interests of the individual and society and ensures a continuous change of generations is the family.

1. Give students the definition of family.

The family performs functions that largely determine the preservation and strengthening of the health of an individual and society. Only in the family does a person receive sustainable opportunities to meet everyday needs and develop his personality. The family most fully performs the reproductive function - giving birth and raising children. In the family, parents introduce their children to moral values ​​and standards of behavior, the world around them, life in society, interaction with other people, and pass on work skills. The family resolves the leisure function, which ensures the harmonious development of a person, and the sexual function, which ensures the satisfaction of the sexual needs of the spouses.

Thus, a person’s stable motivation to create a prosperous family and the attractiveness for him of the personal model of becoming a good family man, as well as his ability to choose a life partner and create a happy family, where there will be more harmony in the relationship between spouses than conflicts, characterize the level of a person’s reproductive health.

Analysis of statistical data and surveys of young people indicates that the model of a person capable of creating a prosperous family and becoming a good family man is sharply losing its attractiveness. The importance of the very value of a happy family life is falling. Among young people, the proportion of those who do not consider it necessary to legally formalize their marriage relationships when creating a future family is noticeably increasing.

Conclusion: The level of human health and reproductive health as an integral part of public health has been constantly declining in recent years.

1. Show the degree of influence of parents and our state on the upbringing and development of children, on their health.

The responsibility of parents and the state for the upbringing and development of children, for their health also characterizes the level of reproductive health.

The family, as the initial unit of society and the state as a whole, performing a reproductive function, must ensure the upbringing and development of the child’s physical, spiritual and moral qualities, form him into a person and citizen, integrated into his contemporary society and aimed at its improvement, thereby ensuring reproduction and human resource development. The degree to which this function is performed characterizes the level of reproductive health of the family.

In the Russian Federation, measures are being taken to improve the demographic situation, child care payments are increasing, conditions are improving for young families, all this should play a positive role, but it is no less important in this situation to create psychological motivation for the attractiveness of family life, when family relationships, birth and raising children will bring joy and happiness to the home.

Lesson summary.

Control questions

1. What impact does the state of reproductive health of individuals and society have on the national security of Russia?
2. What role does the family play in the process of generational change?
3. What impact does the activity of the state and parents have on the upbringing and development of the younger generation?
4. What is the importance for the national security of Russia of the ability of each person to lead a healthy lifestyle, maintain and strengthen their health?
5. Why is it in the family that a person receives sustainable opportunities to meet everyday needs?

Homework

1. Study § 7.3 of the textbook.

Formulate for yourself what qualities of a person will contribute to harmonious relationships between family members and the creation of a safe family life.