Practical work "Globe as a source of geographic information." 5th grade
Target:
To promote the mastery of the necessary skills in independent learning activities of students with the globe as one of the sources information.
The content of the work.
Read the text
Globe and map
Globe - a reduced image of the globe. The globe clearly shows the location of the continents, oceans, seas and their sizes. The globe produces the most correct image of the earth's surface without any distortion.
But globes have a major drawback: the image on them is greatly reduced. In order to obtain a more detailed image on the globe, it must have enormous dimensions - tens of meters! It is, of course, impossible to use such a globe.
On ordinary globes used in schools, it is impossible to depict small details in the outlines of continents, in the structure of river networks, mountain ranges, etc. Many states (for example, Denmark, Belgium, Belarus) are depicted with such small figures that they barely have enough space for one circle - a symbol of the capital.
Therefore, geographic maps are created that depict not the entire globe, but only part of the earth’s surface, but with greater detail. In this case, the image from the surface of the ball must be transferred to a flat sheet. However, the surface of the ball cannot be unfolded or spread out on a plane without folds or tears.
When drawing up a map, we have to allow for some inaccuracies. Therefore, distortions of directions, distances and areas appear on the map, which are not the same in different parts of the map. Through complex mathematical calculations and constructions, these distortions are tried to be minimized.
Answer the questions.
Basic level tasks
What are the advantages of a globe over a geographic map?
What is the main disadvantage of the globe?
Tasks that are aimed at establishing spatial relationships between objects can be used to reinforce the correct pronunciation and writing of geographical names.
For example, using a globe, name the continents:
a) located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere –
b) are entirely located in the Southern Hemisphere –
c) located partly in the Northern, partly in the Southern Hemisphere –
4. Or, using a globe, name the ocean(s):
a) located in only one hemisphere –
b) located partly in the Northern, partly in the Southern Hemisphere
Find them on the map and sign them on the e-mail
Advanced quests
1.Why can’t a globe be made as detailed as a map?
2. Find the scale on the globe. Read it. Using a scale and a strip of paper or thread (if available, a scale ruler), determine the distance in kilometers:
A) from the North to the South Pole B) from Moscow to St. Petersburg
B) from London to the equator
D) from Novosibirsk to the North Pole
3. Using the globe, determine which cities have geographic coordinates:
39° N 116°E - Beijing
19°N 99°W - Mexico City
34° S 19°E - Cape Town
30° N 31°E - Cairo
Mark these cities on the outline map
4.Using ESM Globe - model of the Earth. Practical tasks.
Take the test by answering the questions on the topic "The First Globe",
High level
Determine the point on the globe through which the non-stop flight of Soviet pilots took place: our fellow countryman - V.P., Chkalov, G.F. Baidukova and A.V. Belyakov on the route Moscow (Russia) - Portland (USA).
The plane was flying north all the time, having passed the point ..... (the exit of the earth's axis to the surface - in strong classes this may not be indicated) the plane was on the same course, but already in the direction of the south. Precise watches - a marine chronometer, sextant, tables and complex calculations provided all the data for rearranging the course indicator. “It’s okay, we’re flying south!”
Explain your decision.
Result:
1.Tasks 1-2 of the basic level (What are the advantages of a globe over a geographical map? What is the main disadvantage of a globe?)and task 1 advanced level ( Why can't a globe be as detailed as a map?)complete in the form of a short message with key words written in a notebook.
2.Outline map with completed tasks
Stands on one leg
Spinning- turns his head.
Shows us countries
Rivers, mountains, oceans. ( GLOBE
Stands on one leg
Spinning- turns his head.
Shows us countries
Rivers, mountains, oceans. ( GLOBE
Stands on one leg
Spinning- turns his head.
Shows us countries
Rivers, mountains, oceans. ( GLOBE
The whole globe is crossed,
Converge at the poles.
Gradually moving
Hands on any clock.
Chere
3.Take the test using the ESM
4. Conduct a self-assessment of your achievements.
Students are asked to fill out an individual card in which they need to underline phrases that characterize the student’s work in the lesson.
1. Everything was clear to me. 2. There were difficulties in the work 3. There were a lot of incomprehensible things.
And also give yourself a grade for your work in class (including test results).
Geography is one of the sciences about the Earth. The name of this science translated from Greek means “land description”. It was formed from two words: “ge” - Earth and “grapho” - writing. Geography is a very ancient science. Geographers and travelers have explored and described our planet for thousands of years.
- Try to talk about the world from a geographer's point of view. Use words for this: continents, oceans, plains, mountains, rivers, lakes, countries, cities, peoples. Listen to the other guys. As a class, write the most complete story possible.
What does geography study?
From the point of view of a geographer, the world is the Earth, a huge planet with continents and oceans, plains and mountains, rivers and lakes, forests and deserts, with many cities, countries, peoples.
Geography studies the nature of the earth's surface, the population and its economic activities.
Although the name of the science translates as “earth description,” modern geography not only describes the Earth, but also explains why it is the way it is. Why, for example, in some areas of the planet there is snow all year round, while in others evergreen forests grow. Why is fishing the main source of income in some countries, while oil production is the main source of income in others...
How interesting it is to follow geographers on a journey around our planet! A globe and a geographical map will help with this.
As the Earth was studied, more and more geographical objects appeared on globes and maps - continents, islands, seas, rivers, lakes, etc., and their image became more and more correct.
Modern geographical maps are very diverse. For example, there is a distinction between physical and political maps. In addition, some maps show the surface of the entire Earth, while others show only some part of it.
- Remember what types of geographic maps you have already worked with. What is shown on the physical map, on the political map?
- Compare the globe and the map of the hemispheres. What are their similarities? What is the difference? How does the map of the hemispheres differ from the map of the world you already know?
- Remember the symbols of geographical maps. Find them on the map of the hemispheres.
- Remember the rules for displaying on a wall map. Demonstrate your ability to show on a map at the board.
- Use a globe and a map of the hemispheres to tell about the Earth. Compare the globe and the map as sources of information. What is more convenient to use?
Hemispheres map
Very interesting map of the hemispheres! It depicts two halves of the globe - the hemispheres, western and eastern. It’s as if the globe was divided in half and transferred to a sheet of paper! This map conveys the shape of the Earth better than a regular world map. Therefore, the outlines of continents and other images on it are more accurate.
When working with maps, pay attention to their scale. The scale shows what distance on the ground corresponds to each centimeter on the map.
- Read the text. Use this information when talking about geographic maps.
One of the first geographical maps of Russia was created more than 400 years ago. It was called "The Big Drawing". It showed 400 cities, 880 rivers, about 60 lakes. Unfortunately, the map itself has not survived. But a book with its description has been preserved - “The Book of the Big Drawing.” It tells in detail about the nature and economy of Russia at that time.
Let's discuss!
One geographer wrote these words: “Undoubtedly, maps belong to the great creations of human thought.” Do you agree with this statement? How do you explain it?
check yourself
- What does geography study?
- What can you find out using a globe and a map?
- What do you know about the history of the creation of the globe and geographical maps?
- Prove with examples that modern geographical maps are very diverse.
Homework assignments
- Write it in the dictionary: geography, geographer.
- Write a short essay on the topic “What kind of Earth do I imagine when looking at the globe (geographic map).” Place it on a separate sheet.
- In an encyclopedia for primary schoolchildren or on the Internet, find information about “Earth records”: the longest river, the deepest lake, the highest mountain, etc. Write this information in your workbook. Prepare a report about 1-2 of these geographical objects.
Pages for the curious
From the history of the map and globe
The first geographical map of the world appeared approximately 2500 years ago in Ancient Greece. The map was in the shape of a circle. Greece was depicted in the center, and around other lands known to scientists at that time. All land on the map was surrounded by ocean. This map has not survived, but what it looked like can be judged from maps compiled later.
The first globe, now known to scientists, appeared more than 500 years ago in Germany. It was created by the German geographer Martin Beheim in 1492. He called his model “earth apple.” There were no North and South America on the “apple of the earth” - these continents had not yet been discovered. The first globe has survived to this day and is located in one of the museums in Germany.
Many ancient globes and maps were true works of art. They were decorated with drawings and elegant inscriptions. Globes were placed on beautiful stands (1), and maps were placed in carved frames. Such globes and maps could be seen in the palaces and houses of noble and wealthy people. There is also a map gallery in the Pope's palace in the Vatican (2).
Next lesson
Let's find out what history is, what historians do. We will learn to talk about the world from the point of view of a historian, give examples of historical sources.
Remember what the present, past and future are. What historical and cultural monuments are you familiar with?
1) Name the first ways people understand the world around them.
- Answer: Traveling to new lands, observation.
2) What sources of geographic information do you know?
- Answers: Internet information, encyclopedias, geographical maps, etc.
3) What methods does geographical science use?
- Answer: Travel, observation, description and characterization, mapping, comparative, static, aerial photography, space.
4) What expeditions to what regions of the Earth have Russian geographers organized these days?
- Answer: Inspection of the radioactive waste disposal site in the Sea of Japan and Okhotsk.
5) What methods of studying geography did you use in 6th grade?
- Answer: comparative, description, characteristics.
6) Look at the atlas maps. Determine which cards dominate.
a) by territory coverage.
- Answer: Continents and oceans.
- Answer: general geographical (physical).
Why?
- Answer: They carry more information.
7) Determine the distances from the map of the hemispheres, and then from the globe:
Compare the results and draw a conclusion.
- Answer:
8) Write what is shown on the map using symbols.
9) Describe one of the atlas maps (your choice).
Name of the card.
- Answer: Physical map of the world.
Type of map based on territory coverage.
- Answer: Worldwide.
- Answer: General geographical.
What is shown on the map and in what ways?
- Answer: Relief, rivers, lakes, large cities (inscription and symbols).
10) What information can be obtained from a physical card?
- Answer: Names of objects, relief, coordinates of objects.
11) How do you understand the words of the famous geographer that, unlike a book and other sources of information, a map “tells” faster, more accurately, more clearly and more concisely?
- Answer: The map shows only what is necessary.
12) A famous cartographer of our day claims that soon knowledge of a map will be as important as knowledge of grammar and mathematics. Express your opinion on this statement.
- Answer: Maps began to appear frequently in the media. The ability to understand the contents of a map is important for every person.
13) What do you think came first - writing or a map? Justify your answer.
- Answer: A map, since earlier the location of objects was easier to draw, not every person could use writing.
