22. Types of complex sentences. Compound sentence.

Difficult sentence- this is a sentence that has in its composition at least two grammatical bases (at least two simple sentences) and represents a semantic and grammatical unity, formalized intonation.

For example: In front of us, the brown, clayey shore sloped steeply, and behind us a wide grove darkened.

Simple sentences as part of a complex one do not have intonation-semantic completeness and are called predicative parts (constructions) of a complex sentence.

Difficult sentence closely related to a simple sentence, but differs from it both structurally and in the nature of the message.

Therefore, to determine difficult sentence- this means, first of all, to identify the features that distinguish it from a simple sentence.

The structural difference is obvious: A complex sentence is a grammatical combination of sentences (parts) somehow adapted to each other, while a simple sentence is a unit that functions outside of such a combination (hence its definition as a simple sentence). As part of a complex sentence, its parts are characterized by grammatical and intonational interconnectedness, as well as the interdependence of content. In communicative terms, the difference between simple and complex sentences comes down to the difference in the amount of messages they convey.

A simple, uncommon sentence reports one single situation.

For example: The boy writes; The girl is reading; Evening; Winter came; We have guests; I'm having fun.

Difficult sentence reports several situations and the relationship between them, or (in a specific case) one situation and the attitude towards it on the part of its participants or the person speaking.

For example: The boy writes and the girl reads; When the boy writes, the girl reads; He doubts that you will like this book; I am afraid that my arrival will not please anyone.

In this way, difficult sentence- this is an integral syntactic unit, which is a grammatically formed combination of sentences and functions as a message about two or more situations and about the relationship between them.

Depending on the method of linking simple sentences as part of a complex All complex sentences are divided into two main types: non-union (communication is carried out only with the help of intonation) and allied (communication is carried out not only with the help of intonation, but also with the help of special means of communication: unions and allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs).

Allied sentences are divided into compound and compound sentences.

compound called complex sentences , in which simple sentences are equal in meaning and connected by coordinating conjunctions. The parts of a compound sentence do not depend on each other and form one semantic whole.

Depending on the type of the coordinating union that connects the parts of the sentence, all compound sentences (CSP) are divided into three main categories:

1) BSC with connecting unions (and; yes in the meaning of and; neither ... nor; also; also; not only ..., but also; both ..., and);

2) BSC with dividing unions (then ... then; not that ..., not that; or; or; whether... or);

3) SSP with opposing alliances (but, but, yes in the meaning of but, however, but, but, only, the same).

The semantic connection of simple sentences combined into a complex one is different. They can send:

- things that happen at the same time.

For example: And far to the south there was a battle, and in the north the earth trembled from bombing attacks, clearly approaching at night (in such sentences, changing the sequence of parts of the sentence does not change the meaning);

- phenomena that occur sequentially.

For example: Dunya got into the wagon next to the hussar, the servant jumped on the pole, the driver whistled, and the horses galloped(in this case, the permutation of sentences is not possible).

1. BSC with connecting unions (and, yes /=and/, neither - nor, how - so and, not only - but also, also, also, yes and).

In compound sentences with connecting unions, the following can be expressed:

— temporary relationship.

For example: Morning came, and our ship approached Astrakhan(compare: When morning came, our ship approached Astrakhan);

action and its result.

For example: Pugachev gave a sign, and they immediately released me and left me.

- causal relationship.

For example: Several dugouts, which were blocked especially powerfully, remained completely intact, and the people, who had become chilled, exhausted by the battle, fell down from fatigue and the desire to sleep, rushed there with all their might to warm themselves;

2. SSP with opposing alliances (but, yes /=but/, however, but, but, but).

AT compound sentences with opposing conjunctions, one phenomenon is opposed to another.

For example: The storm was there, behind them, above the forest, and here the sun was shining.

3. BSC with dividing unions (or / il /, either, not that - not that, either - either, then - that).

In compound sentences with divisive conjunctions, phenomena are indicated that cannot occur simultaneously: they either alternate, or one excludes the other.

For example: In the sweltering air now there was a sound of pickaxes hitting stone, now the wheels of wheelbarrows sang mournfully; Now it was drizzling, then large flakes of snow fell- union then— then indicates an alternation of phenomena.

For a more detailed description of the types of SSP There are three more types of SSP: SSP with connecting, explanatory and gradational unions.

Unions are affiliated yes and, also, also, placed in our classification in the group of connecting unions.

Unions are explanatory. that is, namely:
For example: He was expelled from the gymnasium, that is, the most unpleasant thing happened to him.

gradation unions — not only ... but also, not that ... but.
For example: It wasn't that he didn't trust his partner, but he did have some doubts about him.

Compound sentence should be distinguished from a simple sentence with homogeneous members connected by coordinating conjunctions.

Compound sentences	Simple sentences with homogeneous sentence members
With a whistling whisper, centennial pines exchanged among themselves, and dry frost with a soft rustle poured from the disturbed branches.	And suddenly another beetle fell away from the swarm dancing in the air and, leaving behind a large, magnificent tail, swept straight to the clearing.
The stars were still shining sharply and coldly, but the sky in the east was already beginning to lighten.	Obeying this powerful feeling, he jumped to his feet, but immediately, groaning, sat down on the bear carcass.
The forest is noisy, the face is hot, and a prickly cold creeps from the back.	In good weather, the forest swirled with caps of pine peaks, and in bad weather, shrouded in gray fog, it resembled a darkened water surface.
For a change, a white cobblestone flashes in the weeds, or a gray stone woman grows for a moment, or a gopher crosses the road, and again weeds, hills, rooks run past the eyes.	I had to stand with my eyes closed, leaning back against a tree trunk, or sit down on a snowdrift and rest, feeling the pulse in my veins.

Complex sentences allow you to convey voluminous messages about several situations or phenomena, make speech more expressive and informative. Most often, complex sentences are used in works of art, journalistic articles, scientific papers, texts of an official business style.

What is a complex sentence?

Difficult sentence - a sentence, which consists of two or more grammatical bases, is an intonation-shaped semantic unity that expresses a certain meaning. Depending on the ratio of parts, complex sentences are distinguished with a coordinating subordinating and non-union connection.

Compound sentences with coordinating link

Compound sentences - allied sentences, which consist of equal parts connected by a coordinating link. Parts of compound sentences are combined into one whole with the help of coordinating, adversative or divisive conjunctions. In a letter, a comma is placed before the union between parts of a compound sentence.

Examples of compound sentences: The boy shook the tree, and ripe apples fell to the ground. Katya went to college, and Sasha stayed at home. Either someone called me, or it seemed.

Compound sentences with subordinating link

Complex sentences - allied proposals, consisting of unequal parts, which are connected by a subordinating relationship. In complex sentences, the main part and the dependent (subordinate) part are distinguished. Parts of the NGN are interconnected with the help of unions and allied words. In a letter, between parts of a complex sentence, a comma is placed before the union (union word).

Examples of complex sentences: He picked a flower to give to his mother. Those present were wondering where Ivan Petrovich came from. Misha went to the store that his friend was talking about.

Usually, a question can be posed from the main clause to the subordinate clause. Examples: I came home (when?) when everyone had already sat down to supper. We learned about (what?) what happened yesterday.

Compound sentences with non-union connection

Unionless complex sentences are sentences, parts of which are connected only with the help of intonation, without the use of unions and allied words.

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Examples of complex sentences with an allied connection between parts: The music began to play, the guests began to dance. It will be cold in the morning - we won't go anywhere. Tanya turned around: a tiny kitten was huddled against the wall.

A comma, dash, colon or semicolon can be placed between parts of non-union complex sentences (depending on what meaning the parts of the BSP express).

Complex sentences with different types of connection

Mixed complex sentences may include several sentences connected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection. In writing in mixed complex sentences, punctuation is observed, which is characteristic of complex, complex and non-union sentences.

Examples: Vitya decided: if the teacher asks him to answer the question, he will have to admit that he did not prepare for the lesson. To the right hung a picture depicting a blooming garden, and to the left stood a table with carved legs. The weather worsened: a strong wind rose and it began to rain, but it was warm and dry in the tent.

If complex sentences as part of a mixed sentence form logical-syntactic blocks, a semicolon is placed between such blocks. Example: On the porch, a sparrow was pecking at grains that grandmother had accidentally scattered; at this time, papa came out, and the bird hastily flew away.

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The article details what simple and complex sentences are. You will also find out how they differ from each other

A sentence is a slave unit that performs a communicative function. In this way, people speak out to convey this or that information, to induce action or ask a question. All words are connected to each other in sentences. The basis in sentences is the subject, the predicate, it is these members of the sentence that represent the core. By the number of these structural nuclei, they judge whether this sentence is simple or complex.

Simple and complex sentence: rule, types, schemes

Simple- this is a sentence in which there is a subject, a predicate, or there is one main member.

The nucleus, in which there is a subject, a predicate, is considered two-part. Example:

• They had fun.
• She was smart.
• A cloud in the sky is dark, voluminous.

A simple sentence, where there is a main member, is considered one-piece.

These offers are divided into groups:

• Indefinitely personal. Example: Us called to the leader.
• Generalized personal. Example: You can't wait forever!
• Impersonal. Example: It was getting dark outside.
• Definitely personal. Example: I stand and sing.
• Infinitives. Example: Sit! You already have to go.
• Names. Example: Day. Building. Theatre.
• Incomplete. Example: You will wear this - red.

Complex sentences- include a few simple ones. They are divided into the following subgroups:

• Compound - they can include several simple sentences. Most often they are connected with each other by coordinating unions: yes, but, and, however, or, but, either, neither, not that, etc. Example: The rain drizzled and the sun came out.
• Complicated - these are sentences in which one part is not independent in a semantic image, grammatically. They are interconnected with the help of allied, subordinating words (when, so that, if, although, while, which). Example: Katerina did not answer because she was thinking.
• Allied - these are those sentences that include several simple ones. They are independent and completely independent of each other. Example: The sun was shining, cherries were blooming, birds were singing.

Suggestions: simple, complex. Differences

What is the difference between a simple sentence and a complex one: comparison

As already mentioned, a simple sentence has one main core, in a complex one there are two or more main members.

Simple example:

• From a warm country, having overcome several thousand kilometers, noisy rooks flew to their nests that were empty all winter.

IMPORTANT: Simple sentences are uncomplicated, complicated, common, non-common, one-part, two-part. This has already been mentioned above.

Unlike simple ones, complex sentences have two or more grammatical bases. As a rule, such proposals are allied, non-union, complex, complex, complex, mixed.

• unionless: The sun came out, sonorous birds sang
• Compound: I can't figure out what to do with you
• compound: The sky was covered with clouds, and the wind was blowing from the east
• mixed: The wind bent the top of the nut, and where it grew, the shadows moved as if alive.

Both in simple ones and in complex ones, introductory words, homogeneous members, isolated, indivisible words can be used. The only difference between the sentences is the use of several stems in complex sentences.

It is only by such a difference that they determine what kind of proposal it is.

IMPORTANT: Do not confuse a simple sentence with a complex one if it is two-part.

• two-part, simple: Mobile calls tirelessly
• one-part, simple: I write and think about something else

These sentences are sometimes included in complex sentences.

How many simple sentences can there be in a complex one?

As such, there is no rule about the number of grammatical bases in a compound. However, most often it includes from three to four grammatical bases. Otherwise it will be overloaded.

The use of unions in a simple and complex sentence: a rule

Conjunctions are the most common words in sentences. And not everyone knows how to use them correctly, or rather punctuate them. There are rules for this, which we will consider below.

Punctuation marks, dashes, colons, commas in a simple and complex sentence: how to put it correctly?

It is difficult for beginners to determine which sign to put a comma, colon, dash before the union. Coordinating conjunctions such as -yes-, -but-, -a-, -and- are preceded by a comma.

In simple sentences, a dash can be placed between the subject, the predicate.

The colon is used in enumerations. See below the scheme of using the union -and- in different sentences.

Examples of building a complex sentence from 2 and 3 simple sentences

From the usual two or three simple sentences, you can build one complex one.

• Winter is coming soon, the days are short.
• Yesterday afternoon the sun was shining, and with the onset of night the temperature dropped to three degrees.
• The rain has passed and a rainbow has appeared.
• The bright sun was just rising from the horizon, but the rays were already touching the tops of the trees.

When spelling, simple sentences in a complex one are separated by commas, while unions connect them.

Sentence with direct speech, adverbial turnover: simple or complex?

Sentences with direct speech are more often complex sentences where the words of the author and direct speech are used.

• The girl sadly said: "I'm leaving tomorrow."
• "I'm going to the store," she repeated once more.
• "Tomorrow," she said, "I will go home."

Participle turns are used in simple sentences, they denote an additional action.

• When evaluating a painting, look for bright foreground tones.
• It's good to relax on the beach in summer, look at the blue sky, thinking about the pleasant.
• The cat, seeing the baby, ran away.
• The girl, dreaming of marriage, looked out the window.

Participle turns

After studying the material, you will easily determine where is a simple, where is a complex sentence. How to correctly use punctuation marks in them. And in which sentences they use direct speech, and in which adverbial phrases.

Video: Simple, complex sentences

Do you know the scientific name that begins with the word complicated...

Words that form two roots are called compound words.

For example, rhinoceros(two roots nose- and horn-, the letter o is a connecting vowel), a vacuum cleaner(the roots are dust- and sos-, the letter e is a connecting vowel).

Proposals are also difficult. In them, as in words, several parts are connected.

Lesson topic: “Simple and complex sentences. Unions".

Read the sentences and think about how they differ from each other?

1) The bell rang.

2) The children entered the classroom.

3) The first lesson has begun.

4) The bell rang, the guys went into the classroom, the first lesson began.

Let's find the grammar.

A sentence with one grammatical basis is a simple sentence.

1, 2 and 3 offers simple, because in each of them on one basis.

4 offer complex, consists of three simple sentences. Each part of a complex sentence has its main members, its own basis.

A sentence with two or more grammatical bases is a compound sentence. Compound sentences are made up of several simple sentences. How many simple sentences, so many parts in a complex sentence.

The parts of a complex sentence are not just simple ones joined together.

Having united, these parts continue, complement each other, turn different thoughts into one, more complete one. In oral speech, on the border of parts of a complex sentence, there is no intonation of the end of each thought.

Remember: In written speech, commas are most often placed between parts of a complex sentence.

Determine if the sentence is complex or simple. First, let's find the main members (bases) of the sentences and count how many bases are in each.

1) At the edge of the forest, the voices of birds are already heard.

2) Tits sing, a woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, thawed fields will be exposed, streams will murmur, rooks will come.(According to G. Skrebitsky)

1) At the edge of the forest, bird voices are already heard.

2) Tits sing, a woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

Who? tits, what are they doing? chant - the first basis.

Who? dude what is he doing? taps - the second basis.

This is a complex sentence, consisting of two parts.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, the fields will be barethawed patches , brooks murmur, rooks will welcome.

What? the sun, what will it do? warm - the first basis.

The roads will turn black - the second basis.

thawed patches will be exposed - the third basis.

Streams murmur - the fourth basis.

Rooks welcome - the fifth base.

This is a compound sentence with five parts.

Read complex sentences. Observe how the parts of a complex sentence are connected?

1) Winter approaching , the cold sky often frowns.

Parts 1 of a complex sentence are connected using intonation. There is a comma between parts of the sentence.

2) The sun was warm during the day , a at night frosts reached five degrees.

3) Wind calmed down , and the weather has improved.

4) Sun just got up , but its rays were already illuminating the tops of the trees.

Parts 2, 3, 4 of sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions a, and, but. The union is preceded by a comma.

Each of the unions does its job. The union connects words, and the unions a, but also help to oppose something.

When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma. If parts of a complex sentence are joined by unions (and, but, but), a comma is placed before the union.

The sentences of our language are very diverse. Sometimes with one subject there can be several predicates, or with one predicate there can be several subjects. Such members of the sentence are called homogeneous. Homogeneous members answer the same question and refer to the same member of the sentence. In the diagram, we will circle each homogeneous member.

What conclusion can be drawn from the comparison of these schemes?

The first line contains diagrams of complex sentences, and the second line - diagrams of simple sentences with homogeneous predicates (they are shown in a circle).

In simple sentences with homogeneous members and in complex sentences between their parts, the same unions are used: and, but.

Remember!

1. Before unions ah, but always put a comma.

2. Union and requires special attention: connects homogeneous members - a comma is most often not put; used between parts of a complex sentence - a comma is usually needed.

Let's practice. Let's put in the missing commas.

1) At night, the dog crept up to the dacha and lay down under the terrace.

2) People were sleeping and the dog jealously guarded them. (According to L. Andreev)

3) The pelican wandered around us, hissed, shouted, but did not give up. (According to K. Paustovsky)

4) Spring is shining in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow in winter. (M. Prishvin)

1) At night, the dog crept up to the cottage and lay down under the terrace.

The sentence is simple, since one stem, one subject and two predicates - the dog crept up and lay down. Union and connects homogeneous predicates, so a comma is not put.

2) People slept, and the dog jealously guarded them.

The proposal is complex, since there are two bases - people were sleeping, the dog was guarding. Union and connects parts of a complex sentence, so a comma is needed before the union.

3) Pelican wandered around us, hissed, shouted, but did not give into hands.

The proposal is simple, since one stem, one subject and 4 predicates - the pelican wandered, hissed, shouted, did not give up. before the union but always put a comma. We put commas between homogeneous predicates.

4) Spring shines in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow in winter.

The proposal is complex, since there are two foundations - spring is shining, the forest is covered. before the union but always put a comma.

Consider the schemes and decide which schemes hide complex sentences, and which ones are simple ones with homogeneous members; in which of them you need to put punctuation marks.

The first three schemes reflect the structure of a simple sentence with homogeneous main members. They are circled. In scheme 1, a comma is not needed, since the union connects homogeneous subjects and. In 2 and 3 schemes, commas should be placed. 4 scheme corresponds to a complex sentence. It should also include a comma between parts of a complex sentence.

Sentences that include words that, that, therefore, because, are most often complex. These words usually begin a new part of a complex sentence. In such cases, they are always preceded by a comma.

Let's give examples.

We saw, what the she-wolf crawled along with the cubs into the hole.

what a comma is placed.

All night long winter knitted lace patterns, to trees dressed up. (K. Paustovsky)

This is a complex sentence, before the word to a comma is placed.

Birds able to communicate everything with their voice , that's why they sing.

This is a complex sentence, before the word that's why a comma is placed.

I lovefairy tales, because in them, good always triumphs over evil.

This is a complex sentence, before the word because a comma is placed.

1. One afternoon, Winnie the Pooh was walking through the forest and grumbling a new song under his breath.

2. Winnie the Pooh got up early, in the morning he diligently did gymnastics.

3. Winnie quietly reached the sandy slope.

(B. Zakhoder)

3.

Sentence 1 corresponds to scheme 3, since this is a simple sentence with one subject (Winnie the Pooh) and two predicates (walked and grumbled).

Scheme 1 corresponds to sentence 2, since this complex sentence has two bases (Winnie the Pooh got up, he was engaged). A comma separates parts of a sentence.

Sentence 3 corresponds to scheme 2, since this is a simple sentence with one base (Winnie got it).

In the lesson, you learned that a sentence in which there are two or more grammatical bases - complex sentence. Parts of complex sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions. a, and, but. When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma.

1. M.S.Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Textbook. Grade 3: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
2. M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. Grade 3: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
3. TV Koreshkova Test tasks in the Russian language. Grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
4. T. V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
5. L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
6. G.T. Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 classes. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

1. School-collection.edu.ru ().
2. Festival of pedagogical ideas "Open Lesson" ().
3. Zankov.ru ().

• Find the main clauses in the sentences. Which sentence of the text is difficult - 1st or 2nd? What is the name of the remaining offer?

At the top of an alder tree a bird sat and opened its beak. The feathers on the swollen neck fluttered, but I did not hear the song.

(According to V. Bianki)

• Insert two missing commas in sentences.

Winter hid in the dense forest. She looked out of the shelter and millions of little suns are hiding in the grass. Winter is angry! She waved her sleeve and covered the cheerful lights with snow. Dandelions are now flaunting in a yellow dress and then in a white fur coat. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Find an offer with an alliance and. What does it connect - homogeneous members or parts of a complex sentence? Underline the words you need to answer.

• Write unions and, but. Underline the basics, mark homogeneous members and put commas where necessary.

The ball climbed into the water _ Uncle Fyodor soaped it _ combed the wool. The cat walked along the shore _ sad about different oceans. (According to E. Uspensky)

The cat stole fish meat sour cream _ bread. Once he tore open a tin can of worms. He did not eat them _ chickens ran to the jar of worms _ pecked at our stock. (According to K. Paustovsky)

A complex sentence is a sentence that has at least two grammatical bases (at least two simple sentences) and represents a semantic and grammatical unity, formalized intonation.

For example: In front of us, a brown, clayey shore descended steeply, and a wide grove darkened behind our backs. Simple sentences as part of a complex one do not have intonation-semantic completeness and are called predicative parts of a complex sentence. Depending on the way simple sentences are connected as part of a complex one, all complex sentences are divided into two main types: non-union (connection is carried out only with the help of intonation) and allied (connection is carried out not only with the help of intonation, but also with the help of special means of communication: unions and allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs). Allied sentences are divided into compound and compound sentences. In compound sentences, simple sentences are connected by coordinating conjunctions and, but, but, or, then ... then, etc. The parts of a compound sentence are, as a rule, equal in meaning. In complex sentences, simple sentences are connected by subordinating conjunctions what, to, how, if, since, although others and allied words which, whose, where, where, etc., which express different meanings of dependence: cause, effect, purpose, condition etc. A simple sentence subordinating another simple sentence is called the main one, and a subordinate, dependent sentence is called a subordinate clause. In the schemes of non-union and compound sentences, simple sentences are indicated by the sign of square brackets, the main sentence as part of a complex sentence is also indicated, while subordinate clauses are enclosed in parentheses. The diagrams indicate the means of communication and punctuation marks. For example: 1) Gulls were circling over the lake, two or three longboats could be seen in the distance. , . 2) The driver slammed the door and the car sped off. , and . 3) I knew that in the morning mother would go to the field to harvest rye. , (what...). A special group of complex sentences are sentences with different types of connection. For example: Painting is poetry that is seen, and poetry is painting that is heard (Leonardo da Vinci). This is a complex sentence with composition and submission. The scheme of this sentence:, (which ...), but, (which ...).

Ex. 50. Read, find simple and complex sentences. Indicate the grammatical bases in them. Determine the type of each complex sentence and tell how the simple ones are connected in it. Draw the schemes of the 1st and 3rd sentences.

1. It was April, we lived in Yalta, idled after nine months of desperate bashing in the winter ocean. 2. We lived in a hotel on the embankment, and at night the sea roared over our windows, sometimes splashing over the parapet. 3. I kept thinking that a man was building a house, he wanted to live quietly, drink tea, look at the sea, generally somehow be on his own, write something there, think. 4. Why we were bored, we did not know. 5. Zabavin looked around and after three or four seconds he saw the high white star of the lighthouse, surrounded by radiance, flashed for a moment with a bright light in the night and went out again. 6. Then the star flared up again and went out, and this was repeated all the time, and it was strange and pleasant to see this momentary mute light. 7. Sometimes skiers came across a fox trail, which, in an even and at the same time, winding line, stretched from past to past, from bump to bump. 8. Then the track turned and disappeared in a snowy glow. 9. The skiers went on, and they already came across hare or squirrel tracks in aspen and birch groves. 10. The windows were cold and transparent, but the benches with stoves exuded dry heat, and it was good to look at the sunny snow outside the windows and listen to the quick soft tapping of the wheels below.

(According to Yu. P. Kazakov.)

Ex. 51. Read. Determine the grammatical foundations and draw sentence patterns.

1. The lamb trembled with a slight shiver and fell off its legs when it was brought into the hut and lowered to the floor. 2. The sun was rising, but with it clouds were coming from the east, and somehow it did not brighten. 3. Occasionally, a flying fish will flash in the sun with a silvery scale, a playing whale will show its black back and noisily release a fountain of water, a dark frigate (sea bird) or a snow-white albatross flies high in the air. 4. Beliefs are inspired by theory, while behavior is shaped by example. 5. If I could discount another ten years, then I would have enough time to write a second story as well. 6. Dasha said goodbye to him the way they say goodbye forever.

More on the topic § 46. The concept of a complex sentence. The main types of complex sentences:

1. § 67. Grammatical meaning and structure of a complex sentence. Structural-semantic model of a complex sentence.
2. General characteristics of polynomial complex sentences (confluence of conjunctions, their omission, incompleteness of predicative parts, etc.)