Verb- this is a part of speech denoting the action or state of an object as a process.

Subject characteristics are expressed in several ways: a) static features or belonging, denoted by adjectives and pronouns; b) quantitative and ordinal definitions, denoted by numerals; c) dynamic features denoted by verbs.

In their meaning, the verbs are opposed primarily to adjectives, as well as other nominal parts of speech, as words expressing a sign in the process of its formation, continuation or deployment. Compare, for example: white snow and whitening snow, desk and wrote at the table; two eyes and double vision; your opinion and get the idea. In the named pairs of words of a common root, some designate steel signs of an object or their number, while others express dynamic signs associated with human activity or with the activity of an object.

By grammatical features, the verb also differs from other parts of speech. So, adjectives, linking with nouns, expressing the meaning of a feature in the grammatical categories of gender, number and case, dependent on nouns. The verb can also have categories of gender (according to connections with the pronoun) and numbers that depend on the noun, but it must also have the categories of aspect, transitivity / intransitivity, the state of the method and time, which characterize the attribute of the object in the procedural expression, inherent only to it.

Processuality, or dynamism, is the formation or deployment of signs in a temporal perspective. Various modal, aspectual shades, an indication of an active or passive agent, and other additional characteristics are peculiarly manifested in the verb, closely associated with its semantics.

A feature of the verb is also the combination of various grammatical forms in its paradigm: (write, write, write etc.) and generic (Wrote, wrote, would write and etc.); case (writing, written) and immutable - participles (wrote, wrote) and infinitive or indefinite forms (write, write).

Divide minuvani forms of the real, conditional and imperative ways (personal and generic) perform a predicative function in the sentence, acting as a predicate: The train started moving; Soon the linden will bloom; Let there be peace. Separate verb forms perform an attributive function (read book, closed window) and functions of circumstances (Rested, got to work). The indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) is included in the system of its paradigm as the initial form in which the action (dynamic attribute) is affected, regardless of the agent or object. The grammatical meanings of mood, tense, person (gender) and number are expressed by dividminyuvani forms of the verb; in the infinitive, only the meaning of the form, transitivity / intransitivity, state is expressed. It is these meanings that distinguish the verb form of infinitives from nouns with a generalized meaning of action. Compare, for example get used to - a habit, send - a message, think - thinks, compete - zmagannya. In syntactic usage, there is much more in common with a noun: the infinitive can be subject (To live is to work) application (ordered to withdraw) inconsistent definition (skills have a desire to work), circumstance (Son left to study).

All verb forms are combined into one coherent system on the basis of the common lexical meaning of the procedural and intransitive categories of aspect, transitivity / intransitivity and state, as well as their ability to control the nominal form of the indirect case and be combined with surrounding words, for example: I was driving to my father, I’ll go to school, I would read it in the evening, completed a long time ago, saying deliberately, run around.

Part of speech	verb
expressing	Action or state of an item
morphological features	Diveminyuvani words. Initial form: indefinite form. They have a form, transitivity or intransitivity, a method, a time. Divide are used for persons and numbers (the present, the future tense of the real image and the imperative mood).
	The verb also forms participle and participle forms. The participle changes by gender, case and number. It has a state, type and time. The participle is an invariable form. Has a look and time
syntactic role	Main: predicate (personal forms of all three ways). Non-basic: subject, predicate, definition, addition, circumstance - for an indefinite form; the definition and nominal part of the compound predicate - for participle; circumstance - for participle

The verb can mean:

a) the actual physical action of the person: walk, write, draw;

b) the state in which the object is located: lie, sleep, stand;

c) the formation of the subject: rot, flourish, grow old;

d) the attitude of a person to someone, something: love, respect, honor;

d) desire want, wish, want;

e) speeches: speak, tell;

f) thinking: think, dream; t.

Verb forms:

a) indefinite form;

b) personal (non-infinitive) forms;

c) communion;

d) gerund;

d) impersonal forms on -but that.

The invariable verb form, which names the action, but does not name either time, or person, or number, or gender, is called the indefinite form (infinitive).

The infinitive form answers the question what to do? .what to do?

For example: You can choose a friend and in the spirit of a brother, But you can’t choose your own mother(V. Simonenko).

The indefinite form of the verb is used when it is necessary to name an action in general, regardless of who performs it and when: until you sweat, until then you can(Nar. Creativity). The infinitive is the initial form of the verb.

The infinitive is characterized by such grammatical features as transitivity (build) and intransitivity (go), kind (perfect or imperfect: whiten - whiten, knock - knocked).

The infinitive has a suffix ti (t). Suffix be more often used in oral speech, fiction. For example:

Oh cherry, Chereshenka, Why is it abundantly non-bearing? Young girl Why don't you go for a walk?

(Rod. Creativity)

Indefinite verbs are close in meaning to nouns and can be replaced by them in a sentence.

For example: write competently - competent letter: smoking is harmful - smoking is harmful.

The words eat, pythons, bainki(as well as origins, sources; torture, drinks; in bed, sleeping bags, sleeping bags) are verbs emotionally colored with the help of grammatical means. Because these words call action (eat, pythons) or state (bainki), but do not indicate time, person and number, answer questions what to do?, then they must be considered the indefinite form of the verb. There are reasons to consider these words as those in which the suffix ti terminated by interspersed petting suffixes -k-, -onk-, -points- and under.: is-t (points-) and, pi-t (-onk-) and.

So, eat, pythons, bainki- verbs in indefinite form.

The infinitive can act as any member of the sentence, but most often acts as the main member in an impersonal sentence: Or wise to speak, or completely silent(Nar. Creativity). In addition, the infinitive can mean confidence, determination, order, and the like.

Service and significant parts of speech contains the Russian language. The verb belongs to independent parts of speech. “Glagolit” in the Old Russian language meant “to speak”. Thus, even the ancestors proved that literate speech is impossible without the dynamics of narration, which is achieved by using verbs.

What is a verb: morphological and syntactic features

The verb talks about the action of the subject. Determine the verb on the questions "what to do?", "what to do?". Characterizing the verb, pay attention to its grammatical meaning, morphological features and function in the sentence. The grammatical features of the verb are divided into permanent and non-permanent.

The points of view of scientists about the allocation of verb forms diverge. Until now, there are disputes whether to single out the participle and the participle as significant parts of speech, or whether they are just forms of the verb. We will consider them as independent.

The grammatical meaning of the verb

Grammatically, the verb talks about the action of the subject. There are several groups of actions that are expressed by verbs:

1. Work, labor of the subject of speech: “to sharpen”, “to drive”, “to build”, “to dig”.
2. Speech or mental activity: “speak”, “assume”, “think”, “find out”.
3. The movement of an object in space, its position: “ride”, “stay”, “sit”, “situate”.
4. The emotional state of the subject of speech: "sad", "hate", "cherish", "love".
5. The state of the environment: "evening", "freezes", "drizzles".

In addition to the general grammatical meaning of the verb, it is worth mentioning its syntactic function. In a sentence, he is one of the main members, a predicate. The verb-predicate agrees with the subject and forms with it the predicative basis of the sentence. From the verb, questions are posed to the secondary members of the predicate group. As a rule, these are additions and circumstances expressed by nouns, adverbs or participles.

How the verb changes: permanent and non-permanent features

Morphological features of the verb are divided into permanent and non-permanent. This gradation occurs in terms of changing the word itself or only its form. For example, "read" and "read" are two different words. The difference is that “read” is an imperfective verb, while “read” is a perfective one. They will change in different ways: the perfective verb “read” is not supposed to have the present tense. And “I read” - we read only indicate the number of the verb to read.

Permanent signs of the verb:

• view (imperfect, perfect);
• conjugation (I, II, heterogeneous);
• recurrence (non-returnable, returnable).

• gender (female, neuter, male);
• mood (subjunctive, indicative, imperative);
• number (plural, singular)
• time (present, past, future);

These signs are formative. Therefore, when parsing a verb, they say that it stands in the form of a certain tense, mood, gender and number.

Verb moods

The grammatical features of the verb contain mood. One verb can be used in the form of indicative, subjunctive (conditional) and imperative moods. Thus, this category is included in the non-permanent features of the verb.

• Indicative. It is characterized by the fact that the verb in this form can be used in the present, future and past tenses: “the child is playing” (present tense); "the child played" (past tense); "the child will play" (future tense). The indicative mood allows you to change the verb for persons and numbers.
• Conditional (subjunctive) mood. Represents an action that can happen only under certain conditions. It is formed by adding to the main verb of the particle would (b): "With your help, I could cope with the difficulties." It is possible to change conditional verbs by number and gender, in these forms they are consistent in the sentence with the subject: “She would have solved this problem herself”; “They would solve this problem themselves”; “He would solve this problem himself”; “Most would have solved this problem on their own.” It is important to note that the conditional mood does not imply a change in tenses of the verb.
• Imperative mood. Denotes the motivation of the interlocutor to action. Depending on the emotional coloring, the motivation is expressed both in the form of a wish: “Please answer the question”, and in the form of an order: “Stop screaming!”. To get the verb of the imperative mood in the singular, it is necessary to add the suffix -i to the stem in the present tense: “sleep - sleep”, it is possible to form it in a non-suffixal way: “eat - eat”. The plural is formed with the suffix -te: "draw - draw!". Imperative verbs change by numbers: "eat soup - eat soup." If it is necessary to convey a sharp order, the infinitive is used: "I said, everyone stand up!".

verb tense

Morphological features of the verb contain the category of tense. Indeed, any action can be allocated a time at which it occurs. Since the verb changes with tenses, this category will be inconsistent.

Verb conjugations

The grammatical features of the verb cannot be fully characterized without the category of conjugation - their changes in persons and numbers.

For clarity, here is a table:

Other signs of the verb: aspect, transitivity, reflexivity

In addition to conjugation, the constant grammatical features of the verb contain the categories of aspect, transitivity and reflexivity.

• Type of verb. Distinguish between perfect and imperfect. The perfect view involves the questions “what to do?”, “what will he do?”. Indicates an action that has achieved a result ("learn"), begun ("sing") or completed ("sing"). The imperfect is characterized by the questions “what to do?”, “what does it do?”. Assumes an action that continues and is repeated many times ("jump").
• Recurrence of the verb. It is characterized by the presence of the suffix -sya (-s).
• Transitivity of the verb. It is determined by the ability to control a noun in the accusative case without a preposition (“imagine the future”), if the verb has a negative meaning - with transitivity, the noun will be in the genitive case: “I don’t observe it.”

So, the signs of the verb as a part of speech are diverse. To determine its permanent features, it is necessary to put the part of speech in the initial form. To determine non-permanent signs, it is necessary to work with the verb taken in the context of the narrative.

The most general meaning of the verb is the meaning of the process, it includes private meanings: actions ( read), states ( turn pale), process ( melt), movements ( fly).

Permanent grammatical features: view, pledge, recurrence, transitivity (manifested in the context). These features are characteristic of all forms of the verb and are actually verbal (as well as the categories of mood and tense). The conjugation type of the verb is also constant.

Non-permanent grammatical features: inclination, and also (if any) time, person, number, gender. These features are not present in all forms of the verb and are manifested differently in different forms. For example, in the past tense, personal forms of the verb do not have a person meaning, but have a category of gender; only participles have a case category. The categories of person, gender and number are not proper-verbal.

All verb forms (infinitive, personal forms, gerunds, participles) have the characteristics of aspect, voice, reflexivity, transitivity. Personal forms can change by moods, tenses, persons, numbers, in the past tense by gender. The participle (verb-nominal form) can also change by case and gender.

View- a grammatical category that expresses the way an action proceeds. Imperfect verbs indicate actions that occur without indicating their completeness: think, understand, swim, blush. Perfect verbs indicate the limit, limitation of action by the beginning or end. For example, an action with a start symbol: sing, scream, start; completion actions: decide, commit, turn green. Most perfective verbs have prefixes.

The view category is related to the time category. Imperfective verbs have three forms of tense: present, past and future compound: I draw, I draw, I will draw. Perfective verbs have two forms of tense: the future simple and the past: draw, painted.

Groups of verbs by aspect

Most verbs can form species pairs, which differ not in lexical, but only in grammatical meaning of the form. Species pairs are formed using: 1) attachments: did - did; 2) suffixes -yva- / -iva-, -va-, -a-, -nu-, etc.: sow - sow, raise - raise, dry up - dry up; 3) moving the accent: bunkezat - rifling a be , rassspat - scatteringabe; 4) in a suppletive way: take - take, put - put, catch - catch.

Monospective verbs- these are verbs that form only one form, either perfect or only imperfective. They can be prefixed and non-prefixed. Verbs only imperfective form denote repetition, duration, discontinuity, etc.: touch, fight, regret, talk, row. Perfective verbs only denote actions that have a mandatory completion, proceed instantly and have a result: rise, rush, wake up, pass, come to your senses. The reason for the inability to form an aspect pair is the semantics of verbs or morphological structure.

Two aspect verbs- verbs that, with the same graphic shell, can become either perfective verbs or imperfective verbs in the context, without changing their form. Wed: The detachment for a long time and unsuccessfully (what did it do?) Attacked the height. Yesterday the detachment (what did it do?) attacked and captured the height. The following verbs are two-part verbs: injure, execute, marry, marry, say, promise, start, bestow, borrow, telegraph and etc.

transitive verbs called an action directed at an object (object, person). These are the verbs of creation create, weave), destruction ( break, burn), perceptions ( see, feel), emotional attitude to the subject ( be in love, charm), verbs of speech and thought ( to ask, ponder).

There are direct-transitive (proper-transitive) and indirect-transitive verbs. Direct transitional have an addition in the form of the accusative case without a preposition: read a book, build a house or genitive (when denoting a part or when negating, with verbs want, desire): drank tea, bring water, did not read the new newspaper. indirect transitional verbs denote actions directed at an object, but the object can be in the indirect case with a preposition: take care of a sister, help a neighbor, run a business.

Intransitive verbs denote actions that do not go to the subject. Intransitive verbs include verbs denoting: 1) being, existence: to be, to be; 2) moving: walk, swim, ride; 3) physical and mental condition: get sick, get angry, stand; 4) type of activity: to teach, carpentry; 5) demeanor: to be brave, to be young; 6) auditory and visual perception: sparkle, rattle etc. Additions with such verbs can be with prepositions and without prepositions and stand in oblique cases, except for the accusative: flash knowledge, burn in the fire, take off the shelf.

Verbs with the postfix -s / -sya are intransitive.

Among intransitive verbs, a special kind of verbs with the postfix -sya (-s) are distinguished. (Postfix -sya is used after a consonant, postfix -sya is used after a vowel). Such verbs have a category of reflexivity that conveys special semantic meanings. Depending on the meaning, reflexive verbs are represented by several groups:

1) self-recurrent: the action of the subject is directed at himself: wash, comb, tune in, humiliate; these verbs usually can be rebuilt into a construction with a pronoun myself;

2) mutually reciprocal: the actions of several subjects directed at each other, each of which is both the subject and the object of a similar action: make up, meet, kiss;

3) indirectly recurrent: the action is performed by the subject in his own interests: build up(build a house for yourself) fit(pack your things) it is possible to rebuild in constructions with words for yourself, yourself;

4) general return: the action of the subject, closed in the sphere of his state: worry, rejoice, be angry, have fun; worry and some others.

Most reflexive verbs can form a correlative pair without the -sya postfix: knock - knock, smoke - smoke. However, in Russian there are verbs that do not have such correlative pairs, are "only reflexive" and are not used without the postfix -sya: to be afraid, to be proud, to be lazy, to hope, to try etc.

The voice category expresses the relationship between the subject, the action and the object on which the action is performed. Active voice verb indicates that the subject names the subject, who himself performs the action. The student writes a summary. I will spend time on you. Passive voice indicates that the subject names an object that is acted upon by another object, a person: The abstract is written by the student. Time wasted on you.

The passive voice can be expressed: 1) by the postfix -s / -sya: The consequences of the hurricane are being eliminated; 2) forms of passive participles: Problem solved.

They do not have voice forms: 1) all intransitive verbs: go, run etc.; 2) verbs with the postfix -sya that do not have a pair without this postfix: to be afraid to wake up; 3) personal verbs in an impersonal meaning with the postfix -sya: I didn't sleep, I can breathe easily.

Indicative denotes an actual action that has taken place, is taking place or will take place. Verbs in the indicative mood change by tense (they have the forms of the present, past and future tenses).

Subjunctive (conditional) mood denotes an surreal action that can occur under certain conditions or is expected, desired. The forms of the subjunctive mood change only by gender and number: would play in the yard, would repair the car, would read memoirs.

Imperative mood expresses a request, a wish, an order and is expressed by verbs outside the tense forms. Forms of the imperative mood are formed, as a rule, from the basis of the present tense (for imperfective verbs) or the future tense (for perfective verbs). There is no first person singular in imperative mood verbs, plural forms with a call to perform a joint action - read or let's read are homonymous with the present tense forms. The most common are verbs in the form of the 2nd and 3rd person, singular and plural. The 2nd person singular forms have two types of endings: -i or null ending: write and readØ. Forms of the 2nd person plural are formed by adding the postfix -te to the singular form: write-and-those, read-Ø-te. When forming forms of the imperative mood, some verbs have an alternation in the root: in and t - in e y, sh and t - sh e th. Forms of the 3rd person singular and plural are formed with the help of particles let, let: let them read, let them read. A special analytical form of the imperative mood is formed using the particle let's (let's) and the imperfect infinitive with the meaning of a call to joint action: let's read, let's decide.

A number of verbs in the formation of forms of the imperative mood have features: 1) alternation and / e in the roots of verbs like beat, drink, sew – beat, drink, shay; 2) preservation of the suffix -va-, which is absent in the present tense, but is in the infinitive: give - give - come on, get up - get up - get up; 3) at the verb lie down imperative form lie down; 4) at the verb drive suppletive imperative go.

In some verbs, the imperative mood forms are either not formed at all or are not used: see, hear, want, feel sick.

In Russian, the forms of some moods can be used in the meaning of others: Would you work today(subjunctive in the imperative sense). Come back on time - nothing would happen(imperative mood in the meaning of the subjunctive). In the meaning of the subjunctive mood, the infinitive can be used: Learn you.

Time category – This is an inflectional category denoting the correlation of the action to the moment of speech. The present tense is the action at the moment of speech, the past tense is the action preceding the moment of speech, the future tense is the action that will take place after the moment of speech. The forms of the present and future tense do not have a special grammatical design, the forms of the past tense are expressed by the suffix -l- or a zero suffix in the same meaning: read-l , brought-Ø . Only imperfective verbs have the present tense. The future tense of imperfective verbs is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb to be: I will read, you will read, will read(complex form). If there are several future tense verbs in a sentence, then the auxiliary verb is usually used once: I will sing and dance. Perfective verbs have a simple form of the future tense: read, read, read.

In speech, verbs of one tense can be used in the meaning of another : Let's go to sea tomorrow(form of the present tense in the meaning of the future). So I believed you(form of the past tense in the meaning of the future).

Person category indicates the producer of the action in relation to the speaker. The first person singular (I) shows that the speaker is the subject of the action; first person plural (we) – speaker and others. The second person singular (you) shows that the subject of the action is the interlocutor; in the plural (you) - the interlocutor and others. The third person singular (he, she, it) shows that the subject of the action is someone not participating in the dialogue; in the plural (they) - someone not participating in the dialogue, and others.

In addition to the indicated meanings of personal forms, in modern Russian the following are used: 1) forms of the 1st person plural in the meaning of "author's we" instead of "I" in a scientific style: we consider this fact, we have made an experiment; 2) forms of the 1st person plural in the meaning of the 2nd person to express complicity in emotionally expressive speech: how do we feel?; 3) forms of the 2nd person plural are used to express politeness: you told us.

Formal indicators of the category of a person are personal endings: -u (-u), -em (-im), -esh (-ish), -ete (-ite), -ut (-yut), -at (-yat).

The category of face is related to the categories of tense and mood. Only present and future verbs of the indicative and imperative mood have forms of the face. The category of person is absent for past tense verbs and subjunctive verbs.

Some verbs in Russian do not have all forms of the person, i.e. are inadequate. Verbs do not have 1st person forms to dare, to win, to find oneself, to be weird. There are no forms of the 1st and 2nd person of verbs calve, foal, grow, bud, get closer, appear. Along with “insufficient” verbs in Russian, there are verbs that have not one, but two systems of personal forms, i.e. are redundant: squirt - splatter / squirt, torment - torment / torment, squirt - squirt / squirt. There is usually either a semantic or stylistic difference between these forms. You splatter - you squirt, splatter; spray - spray. Curling (colloquial); cooing (neutral).

Impersonal verbs

Verbs that do not have face forms and denote actions or states that occur on their own, without a subject, are called impersonal. Impersonal verbs do not change by person, number, or gender. They can be used in the infinitive, indicative (past, present and future) and subjunctive. Can be with postfix -sya and without postfix. With impersonal verbs, it is impossible to use the subject: Soon it will start to light up. It's getting dark. It was evening. It would chill.

Some personal verbs in Russian can be used in the meaning of impersonal ones: The forest is getting dark(personal verb). It gets dark early in winter(personal verb in impersonal meaning). Impersonal verbs and personal verbs in an impersonal meaning denote: 1) natural phenomena: rains, it's getting dark; 2) human condition: feverish, chill; 3) sensations, feelings: I'm out of luck; 4) being: there was no time; 5) duty: do not be sad.

Genus category denotes the characteristic of the gender of the noun or pronoun with which the verb coordinates or agrees. In the absence of a subject of action, the gender form indicates the gender of a possible subject of action: The sun was shining. The grass was green. The cloud floated. Would come today. The neuter gender can also indicate the impersonality of the verb: It was evening.

Not all verb forms have a gender category. Meanings of masculine, feminine or neuter gender are in the past tense singular of the indicative mood, in the singular of the conditional mood, and in all participial forms.

Number indicates the singularity or plurality of the subject performing the actions, while the meaning of the action does not change: The student has arrived. The students came. This morphological characteristic is inherent in all personal verb forms. There are no number forms for the infinitive and participle. The plural of the verb in a one-part sentence indicates the indeterminacy of the subject: There's a knock on the door. A single number can indicate impersonality: I'm shivering.

The relationship of verb categories

1. Appearance and tense: perfective verbs have two tense forms (there are no present tense forms), the future tense form is simple. Imperfective verbs have three tense forms (there is a present tense form), the future tense form is complex.

2. Time and mood: verbs change in tense only in the indicative mood, and in the imperative and conditional moods there is no morphological characteristic of time.

3. Person and gender: these categories of the verb are mutually exclusive and cannot be represented in the same form. The category of the person is in the forms of the verb in the present and future tense of the indicative mood and in the forms of the verb of the imperative mood, and the gender is in the forms of the verb in the past tense of the indicative mood and in the forms of the conditional mood.

4. Transitivity and reflexivity: reflexive verbs are intransitive.

5. Transitivity and voice: passive constructions are formed only from direct transitive verbs. Transitive verbs are generally capable of forming passive voice forms.

Topic. General grammatical meaning of the verb, questions, role in the sentence
/predicate/. Infinitive
Purpose: to introduce students to the indefinite form of the verb, as a form that does not
varies in persons, numbers and tenses and its role in speech; learn to identify verbs
indefinite form in the text; develop cognitive and creative abilities,
ability to work in a group.
UE
UE0
1. Organizational
moment
UE1
1. Repetition
learned
2. Input control
UE2
1.Formulation
lesson topics
2. The topic of the lesson
Creating a collaborative environment
Lesson content
Guys, let's start today's lesson with a smile. smile at me, smile at me
each other.
I want you to be in a good mood all day.
Turn to your desk mate and wish you a good mood
1. Design of a notebook
2. A minute of calligraphy
3. Vocabulary work
1.Fill in the table
unit
Plural
1 person
2 person
3 person
"Brainstorm"
1.Creating a problem situation
Underline pronouns
I, let go, sat down, we, came, with them, saw her, about you, draws.
2. What part of speech do other words belong to?
1. Work in groups
a) What do you know about the verb?
Let's remember what we already know about the verb.
What is a verb?
What does the verb mean?
What questions does the verb answer?
What part of the sentence is the verb most often?
Does the verb change by number?
What are the three tenses of a verb?
Would you like to know more about the verb?
2. INFINITE FORM OF THE VERB
Each verb has a special form, which is called the initial. Her also
called the indefinite form of the verb or the infinitive (from lat. infinitivus
(modus) - indefinite). Such a name is an indefinite form of the verb
received due to the fact that it shows neither the time, nor the date, nor the face, nor
sort of - well, just complete uncertainty!
Verbs of the indefinite form, despite their "indefiniteness", are very
are easily identified among other verb forms due to the fact that:
have formative suffixes: t, ti, ch
Indefinite verbs answer the questions: “what to do?”,
"what to do?".
The following verbs have an indefinite form: read, guard, write,

carry, bake, climb, carry, crawl, want, build, etc.
3. Game "Auction"
Target. Consolidation of the concept of the indefinite form of the verb.
Content. The whole class participates in the game.
The winner is the one who correctly writes the largest number of verbs.
for the specified time.
UE3
1. Fixing
learned
material
1. We write down the text under dictation.
It is difficult to see a wild animal in the forest. The animal can be recognized by its tracks. Better
just read the tracks of animals in the fresh snow. Traces of a hare are difficult to confuse with
traces of other animals.
Underline the indefinite verbs.
2. The game "Find the fourth extra."
Identify the extra verb in each group. explain
1. play, walk, thought, sing (thought)
2. reads, writes, counts, be friends (be friends)
3. bring, bring, let go, take out (let go)
4. told, quarreled, blossom, seated (bloom)
3. Replace with one word
Nick down; remember

 Nodding; doze off
 Skip past the ears; listen to
 Insert sticks into the wheels; interfere
 Circle around your finger; deceive
 Keep your mouth shut. - be silent

Tooth to tooth does not get cold
p.143 exercise 386
 What rule did you use in class?
 Are you satisfied with your job?
 What did you like most about the lesson?
 What difficulties did you experience during the lesson?
Homework
LE4 Summary of the lesson
Lesson reflection

The words act as the building blocks of language. To convey thoughts, we use sentences that consist of combinations of words. In order to be linked into combinations and sentences, many words change their form.

The section of linguistics that studies the forms of words, types of phrases and sentences is called grammar.

Grammar has two parts: morphology and syntax.

Morphology- a section of grammar that studies the word and its change.

Syntax- a section of grammar that studies word combinations and sentences.

In this way, word is object of study in lexicology and grammar. Lexicology is more interested in the lexical meaning of the word - its correlation with certain phenomena of reality, that is, when defining a concept, we try to find its distinctive feature.

Grammar, on the other hand, studies the word from the point of view of generalizing its features and properties. If the difference between words is important for vocabulary house and smoke, table and chair, then for grammar, all these four words are absolutely the same: they form the same forms of cases and numbers, have the same grammatical meanings.

Grammatical meaning e is a characteristic of a word from the point of view of belonging to a certain part of speech, the most general meaning inherent in a number of words, independent of their real material content.

For example, words smoke and house have different lexical meanings: house- this is a residential building, as well as (collected) people living in it; smoke- aerosol formed by products of incomplete combustion of substances (materials). And the grammatical meanings of these words are the same: noun, common noun, inanimate, masculine, II declension, each of these words can be determined by an adjective, change by cases and numbers, act as a member of a sentence.

Grammatical meanings are characteristic not only of words, but also of larger grammatical units: phrases, components of a complex sentence.

Material expression of grammatical meaning is grammatical tool. Most often, grammatical meaning is expressed in affixes. It can be expressed with the help of function words, alternation of sounds, changes in the place of stress and word order, intonation.

Each grammatical meaning finds its expression in the corresponding grammatical form.

Grammatical forms words can be simple (synthetic) and complex (analytical).

Simple (synthetic) grammatical form involves the expression of lexical and grammatical meanings in the same word, within a word (consists of one word): was reading- the verb is in the past tense.

When the grammatical meaning is expressed outside the lexeme, complex (analytical) form(combination of a significant word with an official): I will read, let's read! In Russian, the analytical forms include the form of the future tense from imperfective verbs: I will write.

Individual grammatical meanings are combined into systems. For example, singular and plural values ​​are combined into a system of number values. In such cases, we are talking about grammatical category numbers. Thus, we can talk about the grammatical category of tense, the grammatical category of gender, the grammatical category of mood, the grammatical category of aspect, etc.

Each grammatical category has a number of grammatical forms. The set of all possible forms of a given word is called the paradigm of the word. For example, the paradigm of nouns usually consists of 12 forms, for adjectives - of 24.

The paradigm is:

universal– all forms (full);

incomplete- there are no forms;

private according to a certain grammatical category: declension paradigm, mood paradigm.

Lexical and grammatical meanings are in interaction: a change in the lexical meaning of a word leads to a change in both its grammatical meaning and form. For example, the adjective voiced in the phrase ringing voice is qualitative (has forms of degrees of comparison: voiced, louder, most voiced). It's the same adjective in the phrase media is a relative adjective (voiced, i.e. formed with the participation of the voice). In this case, this adjective has no degrees of comparison.

And vice versa grammatical meaning some words may directly depend on their lexical meaning. For example, the verb run away in the meaning of "move quickly" is used only as an imperfective verb: He ran for quite some time until he collapsed completely exhausted. The lexical meaning (“to escape”) also determines another grammatical meaning - the meaning of the perfect form: The prisoner escaped from prison.

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