3.4. Names should be written in the following order: first name, patronymic, last name (or - initials, last name, but it is not allowed to transfer the initials separately from the last name to the next line).
4. Formulas and units of quantities
4.1. Formulas are written on a separate line and centered. One free line should be left above and below each formula.
4.2. After the formula, place a list of all symbols accepted in the formula with a decoding of their meanings and an indication of the dimension (if necessary). Letter designations are given in the same sequence in which they are given in the formula.
4.3. Formulas are numbered consecutively throughout the entire work using Arabic numerals. In this case, the formula number is indicated in parentheses in the extreme right position on the line. One formula stands for –
4.4. In formulas, as symbols of physical quantities, the designations established by the relevant state standards (GOST 8.417) should be used. Explanations of symbols and numerical coefficients included in the formula, if they are not explained earlier
V text, must be given directly below the formula and must correspond to the type and size of the font adopted when writing the formula itself. Explanations for each symbol should be given on a new line in the sequence in which the symbols are given in the formula.
4.6. The first line of the explanation should begin indented with the word “where” without a colon after it. Signs“–” (dash) are located on the same vertical line.
For example,
NPV = ∑ |
−I, |
|||
(1+ r) |
||||
t= 1 |
where NPV is net present value;
CF – total cash flow during time period t; I – investment amount;
r – discount rate; n – number of periods.
4.7. Punctuation marks before and after the formula are placed according to their meaning. Formulas that follow one after another and are not separated by text are separated by a comma.
4.8. If the formula does not fit on a line, then part of it is transferred to another line only on the mathematical sign of the main line, be sure to repeat the sign in the second line. When transferring a formula to the multiplication sign, use the “×” sign. When writing formulas it is not allowed
breaking lines. In a multi-line formula, the formula number is placed against the last line.
4.9. Conventional letters, images or signs must comply with those adopted in state standards (GOST 8.417).
4.10. If it is necessary to use symbols, images or signs that are not established by current standards, they should be explained in the text or in the list of symbols.
4.11. The text should use standardized units of physical quantities, their names and designations in accordance with GOST
4.12. The unit of physical quantity from the number is indicated separated by a space, including percentages, for example, 5 m, 99.4%.
4.13. Intervals of values in the form “from and to” are written through dashes without spaces. For example, 8-11% or s. 5-7, etc.
4.14. When citing digital material, only Arabic numerals should be used, with the exception of the generally accepted numbering of quarters and half-years, which are indicated by Roman numerals. Cardinal numbers in the text are given without case endings.
5. Design of illustrations
The illustration must have a title that is placed underneath it. If necessary, explanatory data (text below the figure) is also placed under the illustration.
Illustrations are designated by the word "Fig." and are numbered sequentially in Arabic numerals within the chapter, with the exception of illustrations given in the appendix. The illustration number is placed below the explanatory caption. There is no period at the end of the title of the illustration.
The illustration number must consist of the chapter number and the serial number of the illustration, separated by a dot. For example: Fig. 1.2. Second drawing of the first chapter.
An example of the design of a drawing with a caption is given
Rice. 1.2. Shares of factors influencing the efficiency of document flow
6. Design of tables
6.1. Digital material, comparison and identification of certain patterns are presented in the form of tables. A table is a method of presenting information in which digital or textual material is grouped into columns delimited from one another by vertical and horizontal lines.
6.2. According to the content, the tables are divided into analytical and non-analytical. Analytical tables are the result of processing and analysis of digital indicators. After such tables, a generalization is made as new (inferential) knowledge, which is introduced into the text with the words: “the table allows us to conclude that...”, “from the table it is clear that...”, “the table allows us to conclude that ..." and so on. Often such tables make it possible to identify and formulate certain patterns. Non-analytical tables usually contain raw statistical data that is necessary only for information or statement. It is recommended that these tables be included in appendices.
6.3. Typically, a table consists of the following elements: serial number, thematic header, sidebar, vertical column headings (table header), horizontal and vertical columns.
6.4. All tables, if there are several of them, are numbered in Arabic numerals, without indicating the number sign, within the chapter. The number is placed in the upper right corner above the table title after the word “Table...”, for example,
Table 1.2, Table 2.1.9. The table number indicates: the first digit is the chapter number, the second digit is the serial number of the table in the chapter. There is no dot at the end of the table number. Tables are provided with thematic headings, which are placed in the center of the page and written in capital letters without a period at the end. The names of tables are not shown in bold.
6.5. The table runs on one page. If the table does not fit on one page, then it is transferred to others, while the table title is placed on the first page, and on the following pages the table header should be repeated and under it should be placed the inscription: “Continuation of table 1.2.” If the table header is cumbersome, it is allowed not to repeat it. In this case, the columns are numbered and their numbering is repeated on the following pages.
6.6. The table should not contain empty columns. If digital or other data is not given in the column, then a dash is inserted.
6.7. The table is placed after the first mention of it in the text. It is permissible to place the table along the long side of the sheet so that it can be read clockwise, with the page number placed in the lower middle of the short part of the sheet.
6.8. Column No. is not included in the tables.
6.9. Non-standard abbreviations are not allowed in table headings. In graph names, inscriptions are written in the nominative case, singular.
6.10. It is allowed to use a font size and spacing smaller in the table than in the text (point size 12, single spacing). Horizontal and vertical lines delimiting the rows of the table may not be drawn if their absence does not make it difficult to use the table.
6.11. Headings of columns and table rows should be written with a capital letter, and column subheadings with a lowercase letter if they form one sentence with the heading, or with a capital letter if they have an independent meaning. There are no periods at the end of headings and subheadings of tables. Headings and subheadings of columns are indicated in the singular. The heading of each column should be located directly above it.
6.12. The numbers in the columns of the tables must be placed so that the digits of the numbers in the entire column are located one above the other if they relate to the same indicator. In one column, the same number of decimal places must be observed for all values.
6.13. All data given in the table must be reliable, homogeneous and comparable, and their grouping must be based on essential features. Below the table (not at the bottom of the page!) you must indicate the source (see Table 1.2.).
Thus, the statistical tables and figures contained in the text must be correctly formatted. The general requirement is this: if a table, chart or graph is removed from the text, then its meaning and source of data must be completely clear. Hence,
This guide has been compiled from various sources. But its creation was prompted by a small book from the Mass Radio Library, published in 1964, as a translation of O. Kroneger’s book in the GDR in 1961. Despite its antiquity, it is my reference book (along with several other reference books). I think time has no power over such books, because the fundamentals of physics, electrical and radio engineering (electronics) are unshakable and eternal.
Units of measurement of mechanical and thermal quantities.
Units of measurement of electromagnetic quantities
|
Relationships between units of magnetic quantities
in SGSM and SI systems
| In electrical engineering and reference literature published before the introduction of the SI system, the magnitude of the magnetic field strength N often expressed in oersteds (uh), magnitude of magnetic induction IN - in Gaussians (gs), magnetic flux Ф and flux linkage ψ - in Maxwells (μs). |
| 1e=1/4 π × 10 3 a/m; 1a/m=4π × 10 -3 e; 1gs=10 -4 t; 1tl=10 4 gs; 1μs=10 -8 vb; 1vb=10 8 μs |
| It should be noted that the equalities were written for the case of a rationalized practical MCSA system, which was included in the SI system as an integral part. From a theoretical point of view, it would be more correct to O In all six relationships, replace the equal sign (=) with the correspondence sign (^). For example |
|
1e=1/4π × 10 3 a/m |
| which means: a field strength of 1 Oe corresponds to a strength of 1/4π × 10 3 a/m = 79.6 a/m |
| The fact is that units uh, gs And mks belong to the SGSM system. In this system, the unit of current is not fundamental, as in the SI system, but a derivative. Therefore, the dimensions of quantities characterizing the same concept in the SGSM and SI systems turn out to be different, which can lead to misunderstandings and paradoxes if we forget about this circumstance. When performing engineering calculations, when there is no basis for misunderstandings of this kind |
Non-system units
Some mathematical and physical concepts
used in radio engineering
| Just like the concept of speed of movement, in mechanics and radio engineering there are similar concepts, such as the rate of change of current and voltage. They can be either averaged over the course of the process or instantaneous. |
|
i= (I 1 -I 0)/(t 2 -t 1)=ΔI/Δt |
| When Δt -> 0, we obtain instantaneous values of the rate of change of current. It most accurately characterizes the nature of the change in value and can be written as: |
|
i=lim ΔI/Δt =dI/dt |
| Moreover, you should pay attention - average values and instantaneous values can differ tens of times. This is especially clearly seen when a changing current flows through circuits with a sufficiently large inductance. |
decibel |
| To evaluate the ratio of two quantities of the same dimension in radio engineering, a special unit is used - the decibel. |
| K u = U 2 / U 1 Voltage gain; K u[db] = 20 log U 2 / U 1 Voltage gain in decibels. Ki[db] = 20 log I 2 / I 1 Current gain in decibels. Kp[db] = 10 log P 2 / P 1 Power gain in decibels. |
| The logarithmic scale also allows you to depict functions with a dynamic range of parameter changes of several orders of magnitude on a graph of normal sizes. |
| To determine the signal strength in the reception area, another logarithmic unit of the DBM is used - dicibels per meter. |
| P [dbm] = 10 log U 2 / R +30 = 10 log P + 30. [dbm]; |
| The effective voltage across the load at a known P[dBm] can be determined by the formula: |
 |
Dimensional coefficients of basic physical quantities
| In accordance with state standards, the use of the following multiple and submultiple units - prefixes is allowed: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS
For the preparation of tests, coursework, final qualification papers, master's theses
For students of the Financial and Economic Institute
Considered at a meeting of the Institute’s Educational and Methodological Commission,
protocol dated 08.11.2013 No. 4
Chairman
Educational and Methodological Commission of the Institute E.S. Korchemkina
Tyumen 2013
These guidelines have been prepared on the basis of the following regulatory and technical documents:
GOST 7.32-2001. Research report. Structure and design rules;
GOST 7.1-2003. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules for drafting;
GOST 7.0.12-2011. Bibliographic record. Abbreviation of words and phrases in Russian;
General rules
The student’s academic research work (hereinafter referred to as the work) must be printed on one side of a sheet of white paper in A 4 format.
The title page of the work is drawn up in accordance with Appendices 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
The text of the work should be printed, observing the following margin sizes: right - 10 mm, left - 25 mm, top and bottom - 20 mm.
The text of the work is printed at 1.5 intervals using the font - Regular, Times New Roman, font size - 14. The saturation of letters and characters should be even within the line, page and the entire work. It is allowed to enter individual words, formulas, and symbols into the text only in black ink and approximately the density of the main text. The paragraph indent is equal to 5 printed characters (1.25 cm).
Each new chapter begins on a new page. The same rule applies to other main structural parts of the work: list of abbreviations, introduction, conclusion, list of sources used, applications.
The names of the structural elements of the work: “CONTENTS”, “LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS”, “INTRODUCTION”, “CONCLUSION”, “LIST OF SOURCES”, “APPENDICES”, as well as the names of the chapters of the main part are the headings of the structural elements of the work. They should be placed in the center of the line without a period and printed in capital letters, in regular font, without underlining.
Numbering issues
2.1. The pages of the work should be numbered in Arabic numerals. All pages are numbered in order from the title page to the last page. The number 1 is not placed on the title page; the number 2 is placed on the next page. The page number is printed centered at the top of the page without any additional characters (dots, dashes).
2.2. Illustrations and tables located on separate sheets are included in the overall page numbering.
2.3. The main part of the work should be divided into chapters, paragraphs, paragraphs and subparagraphs.
2.4. Chapters must have serial numbers within the work, indicated in Arabic numerals with a dot. The chapter title is printed in capital letters without a period at the end, without underlining. It is not allowed to carry a word to the next line, or to use Roman numerals, mathematical symbols and Greek letters.
Each chapter is printed from a new sheet. The distance between the title of the chapter (paragraph) and the following text should be equal to two and a half spaces. If a chapter is divided into paragraphs, there should be no text between the title of the chapter and the paragraph.
2.5. Paragraphs are numbered within the chapter. The paragraph number consists of the chapter and paragraph numbers separated by a dot, for example, 1.1., a dot is placed at the end of the paragraph number.
Paragraph headings should begin to be printed with a paragraph indentation, with a capital letter, without underlining, without a period at the end. The distance between the title of the paragraph and the following text should be equal to two and a half spaces. If a paragraph is divided into paragraphs, then there should be no text between them.
2.6. Items must be sequentially numbered within each paragraph. The paragraph number includes the chapter number and the serial number of the paragraph and paragraph, separated by a dot; a dot is not placed at the end of the paragraph number, for example, 1.1.1., 1.1.2., and is printed with a paragraph indent. An item may have a title, which is written in capital letters and indented. There is no free line left between the paragraph title and the following text. If a clause is divided into subclauses, there should be no text between them.
2.7. The subclause number includes the number of the chapter, paragraph, clause and the serial number of the subclause, separated by a dot; at the end of the subclause number there is a dot, for example, 1.1.1.1., 1.1.1.2, etc. A subitem may have a title, which is written in capital letters and indented. No free line is left between the title of the subparagraph and the subsequent text.
2.8. If the title includes several sentences, they are separated by periods. Hyphenation of words in headings is not allowed. There is no period at the end of the title. The title of a paragraph, paragraph and subparagraph should not be the last line on the page.
2.9. If a chapter or paragraph has only one paragraph, or a paragraph has one subparagraph, then the paragraph (subparagraph) should not be numbered.
Presentation of the text
3.1. The text of the work should be short, clear and not allow for different interpretations. When setting out mandatory requirements, the words “shall”, “should”, “necessary”, “required”, “not allowed”, “prohibited”, “should not” should be used. The text is presented in an impersonal form. For example: “...measured...”, “accepted...” or “.....referred to...”.
3.2. The following is not allowed in the text:
– use colloquial speech, technicalism, and professionalism;
– apply for the same concept various scientific and economic terms that are similar in meaning (synonyms), as well as foreign words if there are equivalent words and terms in Russian;
– abbreviate the designations of units of physical quantities, if they are used without numbers, for example, m, s, you should write “1 m, 1 s or meter, second”, with the exception of units of physical quantities in the heads and sides of tables, in decoding of the letter designations included in formulas and drawings;
– use the mathematical minus sign (–) before negative values of quantities (the word “minus” should be written);
– use mathematical signs without numerical values, for example, > (greater than),< (меньше), = (равно), ≠ (не равно), а также знаки № (номер), % (процент);
– abbreviation of words and phrases.
3.3. Only generally accepted abbreviations are allowed in the text:
– in the middle of sentences – “see”, “t. e.";
– at the end of sentences – “etc.,” “etc.,” “etc.”;
– with the surname or name of the institution – abbreviations of academic degrees and titles, for example, Doctor of Economics. Sciences Ivanov K.M.; Ph.D. legal Sciences Petrov Yu.S.
– if there is a digital designation – “s.” (page), "g." (year), "yy." (years), for example, S. 5, 2006
Abbreviations of the following words and phrases are not allowed: “since”, “so-called”, “thus”, “so”, “for example”.
3.4. Names should be written in the following order: surname, first name, patronymic (or surname, initials, but it is not allowed to transfer initials separately from the surname to the next line).
Formulas and units of quantities
4.1. Formulas are written on a separate line and centered. One free line should be left above and below each formula.
4.2. After the formula, place a list of all symbols accepted in the formula with a decoding of their meanings and an indication of the dimension (if necessary). Letter designations are given in the same sequence in which they are given in the formula.
4.3. Formulas are numbered consecutively throughout the entire work using Arabic numerals. In this case, the formula number is indicated in parentheses in the extreme right position on the line. One formula is designated – (1).
4.4. In formulas, as symbols of physical quantities, the designations established by the relevant state standards (GOST 8.417) should be used. Explanations of symbols and numerical coefficients included in the formula, if they are not explained earlier in the text, must be given directly below the formula and must correspond to the type and size of font adopted when writing the formula itself. Explanations for each symbol should be given on a new line in the sequence in which the symbols are given in the formula.
4.6. The first line of the explanation should begin indented with the word “where” without a colon after it. The “–” (dash) signs are located on the same vertical line.
For example,
R = ∑ pi (Yi + Z i + Wi) (5)
where R is the magnitude of environmental risk;
∑ – sum sign;
pi – probability of occurrence of the i-th hazardous factor affecting the environment and population;
Yi – damage from the impact of the i-th hazardous factor;
Z i – loss or damage to a person’s property;
W i – expenses that a person incurred to restore the right.
4.7. Punctuation marks before and after the formula are placed according to their meaning. Formulas that follow one after another and are not separated by text are separated by a comma.
4.8. If the formula does not fit on a line, then part of it is transferred to another line only on the mathematical sign of the main line, be sure to repeat the sign in the second line. When transferring a formula to the multiplication sign, use the “×” sign. When writing formulas, breaking lines are not allowed. In a multi-line formula, the formula number is placed against the last line.
4.9. Conventional letters, images or signs must comply with those adopted in state standards (GOST 8.417).
4.10. If it is necessary to use symbols, images or signs that are not established by current standards, they should be explained in the text or in the list of symbols.
4.11. The text should use standardized units of physical quantities, their names and designations in accordance with GOST 8.417.
4.12. The unit of physical quantity from the number is indicated separated by a space, including percentages, for example, 5 m, 99.4%.
4.13. Intervals of values in the form “from and to” are written through dashes without spaces. For example, 8-11% or s. 5-7, etc.
4.14. When citing digital material, only Arabic numerals should be used, with the exception of the generally accepted numbering of quarters and half-years, which are indicated by Roman numerals. Cardinal numbers in the text are given without case endings.
4.1. Formulas are written on a separate line and centered. One free line should be left above and below each formula.
4.2. After the formula, place a list of all symbols accepted in the formula with a decoding of their meanings and an indication of the dimension (if necessary). Letter designations are given in the same sequence in which they are given in the formula.
4.3. Formulas are numbered consecutively throughout the entire work using Arabic numerals. The formula number is indicated in parentheses at the far right position on the line. One formula is designated – (1).
4.4. In formulas, as symbols of physical quantities, the designations established by the relevant state standards (GOST 8.417) should be used. Explanations of symbols and numerical coefficients included in the formula, if they are not explained earlier in the text, must be given directly below the formula and must correspond to the type and size of font adopted when writing the formula itself. Explanations for each symbol should be given on a new line in the sequence in which the symbols are given in the formula.
4.6. The first line of the explanation should begin indented with the word “where” without a colon after it. The “–” (dash) signs are located on the same vertical line.
For example,
R = ∑ pi (Yi + Z i + Wi) (5)
where R is the magnitude of environmental risk;
∑ – sum sign;
pi – probability of occurrence of the i-th hazardous factor affecting the environment and population;
Yi – damage from the impact of the i-th hazardous factor;
Z i – loss or damage to a person’s property;
W i – expenses that a person incurred to restore the right.
4.7. Punctuation marks before and after the formula are placed according to their meaning. Formulas that follow one after another and are not separated by text are separated by a comma.
4.8. If the formula does not fit on a line, then part of it is transferred to another line only on the mathematical sign of the main line, be sure to repeat the sign in the second line. When transferring a formula to the multiplication sign, use the “×” sign. When writing formulas, breaking lines are not allowed. In a multi-line formula, the formula number is placed against the last line.
4.9. Conventional letters, images or signs must comply with those adopted in state standards (GOST 8.417).
4.10. If it is necessary to use symbols, images or signs that are not established by current standards, they should be explained in the text or in the list of symbols.
4.11. The text should use standardized units of physical quantities, their names and designations in accordance with GOST 8.417.
4.12. The unit of physical quantity from the number is indicated separated by a space, including percentages, for example, 5 m, 99.4%.
4.13. Intervals of values in the form “from and to” are written through dashes without spaces. For example, 8-11% or s. 5-7, etc.
4.14. When citing digital material, only Arabic numerals should be used, with the exception of the generally accepted numbering of quarters and half-years, which are indicated by Roman numerals. Cardinal numbers in the text are given without case endings.
When typing text in the Word editor, it is recommended to write formulas using the built-in formula editor, keeping the default settings in it. It is allowed to type formulas in a larger font than the text if this is necessary for ease of reading small indices. It is recommended to define a separate line for formulas with your own style (naming it, for example, Equation), in which you should set the required indents, spacing, alignment and style of the next line.
Formulas in the work are numbered in Arabic numerals. The formula number consists of the section number and the serial number of the formula in the section, separated by a dot. The number is indicated on the right side of the sheet at the formula level in parentheses. For example, (2.1) is the first formula of the second section. The formulas themselves should be written in the center of the page. The letter designations of quantities included in the formula must be deciphered (if this has not been done earlier in the text of the work). For example: full number M deaths from malignant tumors as a result of radiation in the population will be equal to
Where n(e) – density of distribution of population individuals by age, R(e) – lifetime risk of death from malignant neoplasms for an individual of age e at the time of single exposure or the beginning of chronic exposure.
The decoding of the notations is carried out in the sequence corresponding to the order in which they appear in the formula. It is possible to write the decoding of each designation on a separate line.
You should strictly follow the rules for placing punctuation marks after writing formulas.
Equations and formulas must be separated from the text by free lines. If the equation does not fit on one line, then it must be moved after the equal sign (=) or after the addition (+), subtraction (–), multiplication (x) and division (:) signs. Floating point numbers should be written in the form, for example: 2×10 -12 s, denoting the multiplication sign with the symbol (×) from the Symbol font. You should not denote the multiplication operation with the symbol (*).
Units of measurement of physical quantities must be given only in the International System of Units (SI) in accepted abbreviations.
Construction of work
The names of the structural parts of the work “Abstract”, “Contents”, “Notations and abbreviations”, “Normative references”, “Introduction”, “Main part”, “Conclusion”, “List of used sources” serve as the headings of the structural elements of the work.
The main part of the work should be divided into chapters “Literature review”, “Material and research methods”, “Research results and their discussion”, sections, subsections and paragraphs. Points, if necessary, can be divided into sub-points. When dividing the text of a work into paragraphs and subparagraphs, it is necessary that each paragraph contains complete information. Chapters, sections, subsections must have headings. Section headings are placed symmetrically to the text. Subsection headings begin 15-17 mm from the left margin. Hyphenation of words in headings is not allowed. There is no period at the end of the title. If the title consists of two sentences, they are separated by a period. The distance between the title, subtitle and text should be 15-17 mm (12 pt at the same font size). Headings should not be underlined. Each section (chapter) of the work must begin on a new sheet (page).
Chapters, sections, subsections, paragraphs and subparagraphs should be numbered in Arabic numerals. Sections must be sequentially numbered throughout the entire text of the chapter, with the exception of appendices.
There is no dot after the number of the section, subsection, paragraph or subparagraph in the text.. If the title consists of two or more sentences, they are separated by a period(s).
Section headings are printed in lowercase letters (except for the first capital letter) with indentation in bold font with a size 1-2 points larger than in the main text.
Subsection headings are printed with a paragraph indentation in lowercase letters (except for the first capital) in bold font with the font size of the main text.
The distance between the heading (except for the paragraph heading) and the text should be 2-3 line spacing. If there is no text between two headings, then the distance between them is set to 1.5-2 line spacing.
Illustrations
Illustrations (schemes, graphs, diagrams, photographs) are usually located on separate pages, which are included in the general numbering. When performing computer illustrations, it is allowed to place them in the general text.
Illustrations should be placed in the work immediately after the text in which they are mentioned for the first time, or on the next page. All illustrations must be referenced in the work.
The number of illustrations is determined by the content of the work and should be sufficient to give the presented material clarity and specificity. Drawings must be printed using a computer or done in black ink or ink. It is prohibited to make drawings in a different color or in pencil. Color printing of drawings and photographs is allowed.
Illustrations should be positioned so that they can be conveniently viewed without rotating the work or turning it clockwise. Illustrations are placed in the text after the first reference to them.
Illustrations (diagrams and graphs) that cannot be placed on an A4 sheet are placed on an A3 sheet and then folded to A4 size.
All illustrations must be referenced in the text of the work. All illustrations are designated by the word “drawing” and numbered sequentially in Arabic numerals with continuous numbering, with the exception of the illustrations given in the appendix. The word “figure” in captions to the figure and in references to it is not abbreviated.
It is allowed to number illustrations within a section. In this case, the illustration number must consist of the section number and the serial number of the illustration in the section. For example, Figure 1.2 is the second picture of the first section.
Illustrations, as a rule, have explanatory data (under-figure text) located in the center of the page. Explanatory data is placed under the illustration, and on the next line - the word “Figure”, the number and name of the illustration, separating the number from the name with a dash. There is no period at the end of the numbering and names of illustrations. Hyphenation of words in the name of the picture is not allowed. The word “Figure”, its number and the name of the illustration are printed in bold font, and the word “Figure”, its number, as well as explanatory data for it, are printed in a font size reduced by 1-2 points.
An example of illustration design is given in Appendix D.
Tables
Digital material, as a rule, should be presented in the form of tables.
The digital material of the dissertation is presented in the form of tables. Each table must have a short title, which consists of the word “Table”, its serial number and title, separated from the number by a dash. The title should be placed above the table on the left, without indentation.
Column and line headings should be written with a capital letter in the singular, and column subheadings with a lowercase letter if they form one sentence with the heading, and with a capital letter if they have an independent meaning.
The table should be placed after its first mention in the text. Tables are numbered in the same way as illustrations. For example, table 1.2. – the second table of the first section. In the name of the table, the word “Table” is written in full. When referring to a table in the text, the word “table” is not abbreviated. If necessary, tables can be placed on separate sheets, which are included in the overall page numbering.
When designing tables, you must follow the following rules:
it is allowed to use a font 1-2 points smaller in the table than in the text of the dissertation;
The column “Sequence number” should not be included in the table. If it is necessary to number the indicators included in the table, the serial numbers are indicated in the side of the table immediately before their names;
a table with a large number of rows can be moved to the next sheet. When transferring part of a table to another sheet, its title is indicated once above the first part, and the word “Continuation” is written to the left above the other parts. If there are several tables in the dissertation, then after the word “Continuation” indicate the table number, for example: “Continuation of table 1.2”;
a table with a large number of columns can be divided into parts and placed one part under the other within one page, repeating the sidebar in each part of the table. The table title is placed only above the first part of the table, and above the rest they write “Continuation of the table” or “End of the table” indicating its number;
a table with a small number of columns can be divided into parts and placed one part next to another on the same page, separating them from each other with a double line and repeating the head of the table in each part. If the head is large, it is allowed not to repeat it in the second and subsequent parts, replacing it with the corresponding column numbers. In this case, the columns are numbered with Arabic numerals;
if the text repeated in different lines of a table column consists of one word, then after the first writing it can be replaced with quotation marks; if it consists of two or more words, then it is replaced with the words “The same” at the first repetition, and then with quotation marks. Putting quotation marks instead of repeated numbers, marks, signs, mathematical, physical and chemical symbols is not allowed. If digital or other data is not given in any row of the table, then a dash is placed in it;
column and line headings should be written with a capital letter in the singular, and column subheadings with a lowercase letter if they form one sentence with the heading, and with a capital letter if they have an independent meaning. It is allowed to number columns with Arabic numerals if it is necessary to provide references to them in the text of the dissertation;
Column headers are usually written parallel to the table rows. If necessary, it is allowed to place column headings parallel to the columns of the table.
An example of table design is given in Appendix D.
Related information.
