Russian poet (real name and surname Igor Vasilyevich Lotarev). Aestheticization of salon-urban motifs, a game of romantic individualism in the collections The Thundering Cup (1913), Pineapples in Champagne (1915). From 1918 he lived in Estonia. The autobiographical novel in verse "The Bells of the Cathedral of Feelings" (1925) and the collection of sonnets "Medallions" (1934) are imbued with love for the motherland, a nostalgic experience of being torn away from it.

Biography

Born on May 4 (16 n.s.) in St. Petersburg in the family of a retired staff captain, a cultured family that loved literature and music, especially opera (“I heard one Sobinov at least forty times”). From the age of nine, the boy wrote poetry.

He spent his youthful years in the estate "Soivole" near Cherepovets, Novgorod province, where he graduated from four classes of a real school. Then he went with his father to the Far Port. The North awakened inspiration in the soul of the future poet (hence his pseudonym Severyanin).

Returning in 1904 to his mother, he lived with her in Gatchina. The young poet sent out his poetic experiences to various editions, which regularly returned back. However, in 1905 the poem "The Death of Rurik" was published, followed by a number of separate poems.

The first poet to welcome the appearance of Severyanin in poetry was Fofanov (1907), the second was Bryusov (1911). From 1905 to 1912, Severyanin published 35 poetry collections (mostly in provincial editions). Real fame came to him after the publication of the collection "Loud-boiling Cup" (1913). In the same year he began to give his own poetic concerts, made his first tour of Russia together with Sologub.

This was followed by other collections of poems by Severyanin "Zlatolira" (1914), "Pineapples in Champagne" (1915) and others, which were reprinted many times. The evenings of the poet were held with great success, which was facilitated by his performing gift. B. Pasternak recalled: "... on the stage before the revolution, Mayakovsky's rival was Igor Severyanin ..."

The Lotarev family had long-standing ties with the Estonian region: the poet's father and his brothers studied here. For the first time, Severyanin visited these places (the village of Toila) in 1912, then he often rested there in the summer months.

In 1918 he moved his sick mother there. After a short visit to Moscow, where at the evening at the Polytechnic Museum he was elected the "King of Poets", he returned to Toila. The German occupation of Estonia (March 1918) and the formation of an independent republic (1920) cut it off from Russia. He lived almost without a break in the countryside with his wife, the poetess and translator Felissa Kruut.

While in exile, he continued to write. He published collections of poems "Vervena" (1920), "Minstrel" (1921), a novel in verse "Falling rapids" and others. He published an anthology of Estonian classical poetry. The Estonian government helped Severyanin by assigning a subsidy. The last years he lived hard, lonely.

The accession of Estonia to the Soviet Union in 1940 awakened in him hopes for the publication of his poems, the possibility of traveling around the country. Illness prevented the implementation of not only these plans, but even the departure from Estonia when the war began.

Name: Igor Severyanin (Igor Lotarev)

Age: 54 years old

Activity: Silver Age poet

Family status: was married

Igor Severyanin: biography

“Books written in the Silver Age are all Russian intellectual baggage,” said the journalist and teacher.

And one cannot but agree with this statement, because the time that came after the “golden” gave not only the “Slap in the Face of Public Taste”, a manifesto in which Cubo-Futurists call for “throw modernity off the steamer”, but also many literary movements and groups.

Works written in the Silver Age excite the minds of readers to this day, and poems are quoted not only by adults, but also by young people. It is worth noting the popular poet Igor Severyanin, who literally gathered a whole crowd of grateful listeners at his performances. This master of the pen is familiar from the poems “Pineapples in champagne”, “It was by the sea”, “I am a genius”, etc.

Childhood and youth

Igor Vasilievich Lotarev (real name of the poet) was born on May 4 (16), 1887 in the cultural capital of Russia - St. Petersburg. As a child, Igor grew up in the 66th house on Gorokhovaya Street - the central fashionable thoroughfare of the city. The future literary figure was brought up in a prosperous and wealthy family.

His father Vasily Petrovich, a native of the Vladimir philistines, rose to the highest rank and began to command a railway battalion, and his wife Natalya Stepanovna was a distant relative of the poet and was the daughter of a nobleman Stepan Sergeevich Shenshin. But, unfortunately, as often happens, the parents of little Igor Lotarev decided to go different ways and filed for divorce in 1896. What became the stumbling block between Vasily Petrovich and Natalya Stepanovna is not known for certain.

Then the boy lived in the estate of relatives, which was located in the village of Vladimirovka, Cherepovets district. In Cherepovets, the young man managed to finish only four classes of a real school, and then, in 1904, he moved to his father in northeast China. But in the same year, Lotarev Sr. dies, so Igor is taken back to St. Petersburg to his mother.

Literature

We can say that Igor Vasilyevich was born under a lucky star, because his literary talent began to manifest itself from childhood. When Severyanin was seven or eight years old, under the influence of his beloved poet Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy, he took up an inkwell and a pen and began to compose poetry. Since 1904, Lotarev began to publish regularly in magazines, hoping to get a response from the editors, but his children's poems did not produce a special effect on readers.

Thus, on the pages of literary publications, the works of the young Igor Lotarev flaunted, which he signed with the non-trivial pseudonym “Count Evgraf d’Axangraf”. But Igor Vasilyevich considered the official start in his creative biography to be the publication of 1905 in the magazine for soldiers and people Leisure and Business.

In the autumn of 1907, in Gatchina, the writer met Konstantin Mikhailovich Fofanov, whom he considered his forerunner and mentor. According to rumors, this day remained forever in the memory of Lotarev, because Fofanov became the first of the poets who appreciated his literary talent and became a guiding star for Severyanin in the boundless world of literary lines. Around the same time, Lotarev became Igor Severyanin. It is noteworthy that Severyanin is not a surname, but a middle name, which the poet considered a kind of amulet and mythologeme.

Further, Igor Vasilyevich published 35 brochures with his own money, which he later planned to combine into a poetry collection called "Complete Works". One of the manuscripts of Severyanin, thanks to the writer Ivan Fedorovich Nazhivin, fell into the hands of the famous. After reviewing the work "Habanera II", the author of the novel "War and Peace" criticized the work of Severyanin to smithereens.

“What do they do, what do they do ... And this is literature? Around - the gallows, hordes of the unemployed, murders, incredible drunkenness, and they have the elasticity of a cork ... ”, - the Russian classic commented on the poem.

Ivan Fedorovich did not hesitate to send this quote to many publications, therefore, many lovers of poetry and, in fact, Severyanin himself got acquainted with the words spoken by Tolstoy. But such merciless criticism did not break the talented representative of postmodernism, but, on the contrary, went into his hands. After all, as they say, black PR is also PR. The name of Igor Vasilyevich became famous, he was scolded by everyone and sundry. And magazines, thirsty for sensation and profit, willingly printed Severyanin's manuscripts on their pages.

The book "The lyrics of Igor Severyanin"

In 1909, a circle of poets began to form around the writer, and in 1911 a full-fledged creative association of ego-futurists was formed. This literary movement was characterized by neologisms, refined sensations, a cult of personality and selfishness, which talented people tried to flaunt. But the founder of the new literary movement did not stay in this circle for long, in 1912 Igor Severyanin gained popularity among the Symbolists and set off on a solo voyage.

It is worth saying that the removal of the author of “In August” from the ego-futurists was marked by a scandal: Konstantin Olimpov (son of Fofanov) slandered Igor Vasilyevich in an article, moreover, a disagreement arose between the poets - Olimpov publicly declared that it was he, and not Severyanin, who was the creator of ego-futurism .

“Finding the mission of my Ego-Futurism fulfilled, I wish to be alone, I consider myself only a poet, and I am sunnyly glad about this,” Igor Severyanin expressed in his open letter.

In 1913, the writer, who was remembered by his contemporaries for his literary pamphlets, published his first collection of poems called The Thundering Cup, which brought universal recognition and fame to the talented poet. Such an extravagant name for the cycle was invented by Severyanin thanks to the poem "Spring Thunderstorm".

This book consists of four dissimilar sections, where Igor Severyanin veiledly conveys his philosophical thoughts to poetry lovers. The main themes of Severyanin's poems are the beauty of nature and human feelings.

I met Severyanin's collection warmly and wrote a mini-review for it, where he expressed his infinite joy in connection with the birth of a new poet. In 1912, Igor Vasilyevich spoke to a live audience for the first time, and a year later he took part in the tour of Fyodor Sologub and traveled around the cities of Russia.

In the biography of the Severyanin, there are both ups and crushing falls. But, based on the facts, it can be assumed that Igor Vasilyevich was a man of strong hardening. For example, when he spoke to poetry lovers in Tiflis, the public perceived Severyanin not as a poet, but as a comedian: it was unusual for people to hear poetry read in a singsong voice (Igor Vasilyevich did this with a special manner), so the audience literally choked with laughter.

But already at the subsequent performances of Severyanin, the audience first exploded with loud applause, and then calmed down, listening to every word of Severyanin. Later, at the feet of Igor Vasilyevich, there was an uncountable number of scarlet roses.

In 1915, Severyanin published the Rosiris collection, which included the famous poem Pineapples in Champagne. The poet Vadim Bayan used to say that when Vladimir Mayakovsky was visiting Igor Vasilyevich, he dipped a piece of tropical fruit into a sparkling drink. The northerner followed the example of his comrade, after which the first lines of the poem were born to him.

In 1918, due to the Bolshevik coup, Igor Severyanin, like many literary figures, was forced to leave Russia for Estonia. During the years of emigration, the master of words published several collections of poetry: "Nightingale", "Classic Roses", "Vervain", also wrote novels in verse, for example, "Leander's Piano (Lugne)", and created the utopia "Sunny Savage". Among other things, Igor Vasilyevich not only composed poems, but also translated Estonian works into Russian.

Personal life

Igor Severyanin earned himself the fame of Casanova. And this is not surprising, because in the life of a representative of the poetry of the Silver Age there were an uncountable number of women to whom he sang praises. But Igor Vasilyevich was not a frivolous man who liked to change young ladies like gloves, simply because of his nature he was extremely amorous and plunged into passionate romances with his head.

For the first time Cupid's arrow pierced Northerner's heart when he was 12 years old. The poet fell in love with his cousin, 17-year-old Elizaveta Lotareva, who became his muse and inspired his creative efforts. When Elizabeth was 22 years old, she got married. According to rumors, Severyanin was also present at the wedding ceremony. But this solemn event greatly influenced the young man, they say that he became ill right in the church.

When the genius of literature was 18 years old, Evgenia Gutsan met on his life path. Having presented the golden-haired girl with poems, Igor Severyanin invited Evgenia to live under the same roof. True, their relationship lasted only three weeks. According to unofficial information, Gutsan gave birth to a girl, Tamara, from a Northerner. Despite such a short life together, Igor Vasilyevich always remembered the girl and dedicated collections of poems to her.

In 1921, the poet broke up with his fictitious wife, Maria Vasilievna Volnyanskaya, and proposed to Felissa Kruut. Thus, the daughter of the landlord Felissa became the only legal wife of Igor Severyanin, who endured the constant touring novels of the gifted poet.

“But I am dying of passion ... Can you imagine me capable of burning by one five years old? ... The wife at first did not really sympathize with this, but then she waved her hand, withdrew into herself, now watches with contemptuous irony from above and from afar, ”Igor Severyanin described in a letter feelings for the passion of Evdokia Strandell.

After Igor Vasilyevich began to conduct a love correspondence with a certain Vera Borisovna Korendi, Felissa's patience came to an end, and she kicked the unfortunate spouse out of the house. Vera Borisovna claimed that from Severyanin she had a daughter, Valeria (originally recorded under a different patronymic and surname). The poet also had a son, Bacchus Igorevich.

Death

Thanks to the epistolary heritage, in which Igor Vasilyevich scrupulously described his physical and mental state to his comrades, it became clear that the ego-futurist suffered from a severe form of tuberculosis. In 1940, Severyanin moved with Vera Borisovna to Paide, central Estonia, where Korendi was offered a job as a teacher.

At that time, Igor Vasilyevich's health deteriorated sharply. Further, the master of the pen and his beloved moved to Tallinn, where Severyanin died on December 20, 1941 from a heart attack. The funeral was modest, Igor Vasilievich was interred at the Alexander Nevsky cemetery.

Bibliography

• 1913 - "The Thundering Cup"
• 1914 - "Zlatolira"
• 1915 - "Pineapples in champagne"
• 1915– 1918 - "Collection of Poets"
• 1918 - "Behind the stringed fence of the lyre"
• 1920 - "Vervain"
• 1921 - “Minstrel. The latest poetry"
• 1922 - "Mirreliya"
• 1923 - Nightingale
• 1925 - "The Dew of the Orange Hour: A Childhood Poem in 3 h"
• 1922-1930 - "Classic roses"
• 1932 - "Adriatic. Lyrics"
• 1934 - "Medallions"
• 1935 - Leandre's Piano (Lugne)

Severyanin Igor Vasilyevich, (real name Lotarev) (1887-1941) Russian poet

Born in St. Petersburg in the family of a retired staff captain. When the boy was nine years old, his mother and father parted, and he took his son to relatives in the Novgorod province. Here he graduated from the four classes of the Cherepovets real school. He didn't have to study anymore. Father went with him to the port of Dalniy. In 1904 Igor returned to his mother and lived with her in Gatchina.

In 1905, the poem "The Death of Rurik" was published, then a number of separate poems. Severyanin's poetry caused a lot of controversy. She was accused of vulgarity. She became a symbol of decadence. In 1918, at a poetry meeting, he was elected "king of poets", ahead of V. Mayakovsky and K. Balmont.

He owns collections of poems: "To the Eyes of Your Soul" (1912), "The Loud Boiling Cup" (1913), "Pineapples in Champagne" (1915), etc.

In 1918 he went to Estonia for the summer, and as a result of the German occupation he was cut off from Russia. He lived without a break in the countryside with his wife, the poetess Felissa Kruut. Here he created 9 books, including collections of poems "Vernena" (1920), "Minstrel" (1921), a novel in verse "Falling rapids", etc. He published an anthology of Estonian classical poetry. The government gave the poet a subsidy.

In 1925 he created an autobiographical novel in verse, The Bells of the Cathedral of Feelings.

Severyanin, Igor (real name and surname - Igor Vasilievich Lotarev), poet (May 16, 1887, St. Petersburg - 12/20/1941, Tallinn). Born into a noble family, his father was an officer, his mother was related to A. Fet. Igor did not receive higher education. His first poem appeared in print in 1905; it was followed by a large number of lyrical works, which at first bore signs of the influence of Konstantin Fofanov and Mirra Lokhvitskaya. In October 1911, Severyanin proclaimed the birth of a new eccentric trend in the poetry of ego-futurism; later, for some time, he was associated with cubo-futurists (see Russian Futurism). Much attention was attracted by the collection of poems by Severyanin Thunder-boiling goblet(1913), the preface to which was written by F. Sologub and which went through 7 editions within two years.

Geniuses and villains. Igor Severyanin

Not accepting the October Revolution, Severyanin emigrated to Estonia in mid-1918. Being an excellent performer of his poems, Severyanin from time to time organized “poetry evenings” in Helsinki, Danzig, Berlin, Paris, and in 1930/31 in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. He kept aloof from immigrant groups and lived in the Estonian fishing village of Toila. As a poet in exile, he almost completely lost his readers and lived poorer every year, but until 1923 he still managed to publish several collections in Berlin, then in Tartu, and in the early 30s. in Belgrade and Bucharest. The northerner translated many poems from Estonian. After the annexation of the Baltic states by the Soviet Union in 1940, Severyanin wrote a number of conformist poems, trying to adapt to the new political situation in the country.

Severyanin has a significant lyrical talent, but the provocative language of his poems, characteristic of the period of ego-futurism, along with enthusiasm, also caused sharp denial. Together with other futurists, Severyanin denied poetic traditions (Pushkin), demanded something new in all areas of art, loved public speaking and gravitated toward Bohemia. Nikolai Gumilyov said about Severyanin: "Of course, nine-tenths of his work cannot be perceived otherwise than as a desire for scandal." Collection Thunder-boiling goblet at first he was successful only among the intelligentsia, but soon made Severyanin a very favorite poet of a wide range of readers.

The starting point of Severyanin's lyrics is most often his own life; his poems are either descriptive or narrative. One way or another, his lyrics are connected with the theme of love, he wrote about the events of everyday life and never lost touch with nature.

The intelligible musicality of his poems, often with rather unusual metrics, side by side with Severyanin's love for neologisms. Severyanin's bold word creation creates his style. In these neologisms there is much of their own ironic alienation, hiding the true position of the author behind exaggerated word formation.

After the youthful revolutionary-futuristic poems of Severyanin, his poetry during the period of emigration gradually becomes more natural and traditional.

1. Childhood and youth
2. The beginning of the literary path
3. creative flourishing
4. Estonian emigration
5. Personal life
6. Poets death
7. Biography score

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Childhood and youth

Igor Severyanin was born on May 4 (16), 1887 in St. Petersburg. He graduated from the 4th grade of a real school in Cherepovets. In 1904 he moved to his father in Dalniy (Manchuria). For some time he lived in Port Arthur.

Just before the start of the Russo-Japanese War, he returned to his mother in St. Petersburg.

The beginning of the literary path

The first poems of Igor Severyanin were created in childhood. The first publication appeared in 1905.

The early poems of the poet did not receive recognition from readers, critics, or his colleagues in the pen. L. N. Tolstoy, who got acquainted with the work of the novice poet, spoke about him rather derogatoryly. “And this is literature?!” exclaimed the great writer in annoyance.

creative flourishing

In 1911, I. Severyanin and I. Ignatiev founded a new trend in literature - egofuturism. A little later, the poet left the group of his associates. The breakup was scandalous.

The poet's first collection of poems was called "The Thundering Cup". He saw the light in 1913. The preface to it was written by a famous writer, F. Sologub.

In the autumn of the same year, Severyanin performed together with V. Mayakovsky. At the same time, he met S. Spassky and K. Paustovsky.

In 1918, after a brilliant performance at the Moscow Polytechnic Museum, he received the honorary title of "King of Poets". Mayakovsky and K. Balmont also fought for her.

Estonian emigration

A short biography of Igor Severyanin includes many dramatic moments.

The beginning of the forced Estonian emigration dates back to the first half of March 1918. During the years of his residence in Estonia, the poet published several collections of poems and four autobiographical verse novels. Severyanin also translated Estonian poetry into Russian, worked on a major study, The Theory of Versification.

In the first years of emigration, the poet traveled a lot to European countries.

Personal life

Before emigration, Igor Severyanin was in an unregistered marriage with the artist M. Volnyanskaya. The owner of a beautiful rich voice, she performed gypsy romances.

In 1921 the poet broke up with his "civilian" wife and married F. Kruut. For the sake of the Severyanin, she, a zealous Lutheran, converted to Orthodoxy. Until 1935, the wife was not only a muse, but also a real guardian angel of Igor Vasilyevich. Thanks to her, his talent did not wither in exile. The verses became clearer, acquired a classical simplicity.

Severyanin had a lot of literary muses. He dedicated his works to E. Gutsan, A. Vorobyeva, E. Novikova, the famous fiction writer T. Krasnopolskaya.

The loving poet's relationship with women was not only platonic. Already married to F. Kruut, he entered into a romantic relationship twice while touring Europe. The most painful for both spouses was Severyanin's romance with E. Strandell. She was the wife of a grocery store owner and depended on her to provide provisions on credit.

In this marriage, two children were born. The daughter, V. I. Semenova, was born in St. Petersburg, but later left for Estonia, where she died in 1976. The son, Vakh Igorevich, lived in Sweden until 1944. 4.4 points. Total ratings received: 71.