Subject- this is the main member of the sentence, which denotes the subject of speech and answers the question of the nominative case (who? what?).

Pay attention to the meaning (a) and the form of the expression (b) of the subject:

a) the subject is what is being said in a sentence (subject of speech);

b) the main form of expression of the subject - Nominative case(question who? what?).

Note!

To the question what? answers not only the nominative, but also the accusative case of the noun; nominative and accusative forms can also coincide. To distinguish between these cases, you can substitute a noun of the 1st declension (for example - book): Nominative case - book; accusative - book.

Wed: On the table lies pencil (book) - nominative case; I see a pencil(book) - accusative case.

Let's compare two sentences:

1. I did not sleep; 2. I didn't sleep.

They mean roughly the same thing in meaning. However, in the first sentence I did not sleep) has a subject, because there is a pronoun in the nominative case ( I), in the second sentence ( I couldn't sleep) there is no subject, because there is no pronoun in the nominative case ( to me- dative).

Ways of expressing the subject

A) Subject - one word:

The form	Examples
1. Name
1.1. Noun	eldest son(who?) left for the capital.
1.2. Pronoun	He(who?) left for the capital.
1.3. Adjective	Older(who?) left for the capital.
1.4. Participle	Raised(who?) the sword will die by the sword.
1.5. Numeral	Two(who?) left for the capital.
2. Infinitive (indefinite form of the verb)	Be in love(what?) - this is wonderful. Live(what?) - serve the motherland.
3. Invariable (significant or service) part of speech in the meaning of a noun
3.1. Adverb	It has come and the fateful day after tomorrow(what?).
3.2. Pretext	"AT"(what?) is a suggestion.
3.3. Union	"BUT"(what?) - antagonistic union.
3.4. Particle	"Not"(what?) verbs are written separately.
3.5. Interjection	Rushed from all sides "ay"(what?).
4. Indirect form of a name, conjugated form of a verb, sentence in the meaning of a noun	"Brother"(what?) - dative form of a noun. "Reading"(what?) - 1st person form of the present tense verb. "Do not forget yourself, do not worry, work moderately" (what?) - was his motto.

B) The subject is an integral, that is, syntactically indivisible phrase (main + dependent word):

The form	Meaning	Examples
1. Name in the nominative case (adverb) + name in the genitive case	quantitative value	Five chairs stood against the wall. Some chairs stood against the wall. Some of the chairs stood against the wall. There were many chairs against the wall.
2. Name in the nominative case + name in the genitive case with a preposition from	Selective meaning	Two of us will go to the capital. Each of us will go to the capital. Many of us will go to the capital.
3. Name in the nominative case + name in the instrumental case with the preposition c (only with the predicate - in the plural!)	Consistency value	Wed: Mother and son are going(plural) rest. Mother and son are going(units) rest.
4. Nouns beginning, middle, end+ noun in genitive case	Phase value	It was the end of September.
5. Noun + agreed name (phraseologism, terminological combination and phrase with metaphorical meaning)	The members of the phrase only in the aggregate express a single or inseparable concept in this context	The Milky Way spread across the sky. white flies(snowflakes) circled in the sky. A cap of blond curls swayed on his head.
6. Indefinite pronoun (from the basics who, what) + agreed name	undefined value	something unpleasant was in all its forms.

Note!

1) You can always ask questions to the subject who? what? , even if it does not change case by case.

2) Nominative case- the only case with which the subject can be expressed.

Note. The subject can be expressed in the indirect case if it indicates the approximate number of someone or something. Wed: thirty ships went out to sea. About thirty ships went out to sea. Over thirty ships went out to sea.

Subject Parsing Plan

Specify how the subject is expressed:

1. Single word: noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral, participle in the nominative case; adverb or other invariable form in the meaning of a noun; infinitive.
2. Syntactically indivisible phrase (indicate the meaning and form of the main word).

Sample parsing

The lake seemed to be covered with ice(Prishvin).

Subject lake expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

Around noon, a lot of round high clouds usually appear.(Turgenev).

Subject many clouds expressed by a syntactically indivisible (whole) phrase with a quantitative meaning; main word (noun) lots of) is in the nominative case.

In the dark, the bearded man stumbled on something(Sholokhov).

Subject bearded expressed by an adjective in the meaning of a noun in the nominative case.

But to pay for something, even the most necessary, suddenly two hundred, three hundred, five hundred rubles seemed to them almost suicide.(Goncharov).

Subject pay expressed in the infinitive.

It's been about an hour(Paustovsky).

Subject about an hour expressed by the indirect case of the noun hour with the preposition near and indicates the approximate amount of time.

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The main members of the proposal

As you know, proposals, according to the presence of members of the proposal, are divided into non-common and widespread.

Uncommon are called sentences in which there are only main members of the sentence.

Common, are called sentences in which, in addition to the main members of the sentence, there are also secondary ones.

What is sentence members? We will devote several articles to this issue and today we will talk about the main members of the proposal.

Let's take a look at the drawing who here is depicted and what word speaks of its action.

growls(who?) tiger cub

The subject and the predicate are the main parts of the sentence. They constitute the main part (core, grammatical basis) of the sentence.

The subject is underlined with one line, and the predicate with two lines (see figure).

There are sentences that consist only of the main members:

In addition to the main members, there are other members in the proposal. They are called secondary members of the sentence:

But let us return to the main members of the sentence and talk about what is called the subject and the predicate.

Subject

it main part of the proposal, which is associated with the predicate. He answers the questions of the nominative who? or what?

The subject denotes the subject of speech (thought).

The noun names the subject of speech (thought). The pronoun refers to the subject. The pronoun often replaces the subject expressed by the noun:

From the subject, expressed by an inanimate noun, as well as animate, to the predicate, you can ask a question what is he doing? or what will he do? Actions seem to be attributed to inanimate objects:

(What?) dew drops (what they were doing?) lay on the leaves .

This is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers the questions:

• what does the subject do?
• what happens to him?
• which subject?
• what is he?
• what is he?
• who is he?

Sun (what is he doing?) stands up .

Night (what?) was fresh .

The subject only names the subject of speech (thought). The predicate characterizes it by action or sign.

The main property of the predicate is the characteristic of the properties of the subject of speech (thought). To characterize the action, conjugated forms of the verb are used, and to characterize the attribute, nouns, adjectives, and so on, therefore, the predicate is distinguished nominal and verbal .

The verb predicate denotes an action, the nominal denotes a sign.

So, the verb predicate denotes an action - these are verbs in different forms:

The nominal predicate can be expressed by an adjective, a noun:

Let's take a look at the uncommon sentence by the members of the sentence:

Subject – of the year- expressed by a noun, answers the question "what?" ".

Predicate – run- expressed as a verb, answers the question “what are they doing? ".

Thank you for being with us.

1. Homogeneous members of a sentence Homogeneous members of a sentence are members of a sentence that respond to one and.
2. Parts of speech - verb Let's continue the study of parts of speech. This article will talk about.
3. Parts of speech - prepositions and conjunctions Let's continue the analysis of the basic rules of the Russian language in this article.
4. Declension of nouns Changing a word in numbers and cases is called declension. In this one.
5. Text and sentence We compose letters into words, words into sentences, and sentences.

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Members of the proposal

The main members of the proposal

The main members of the proposal- subject and predicate.

Subject

• I sat at the table. (In this case, “I” is the subject, the main character)
• He sheltered from snowfall with a piece of slate. ("He" is the subject)

If there is “-” between the subject and the predicate, then the first part will be the subject.

• Four- even number. ("Four" - subject)
• Even number- four. (AT this case"Even number" - subject)

• I was sitting at the table. (In this case, “sat” is a predicate that talks about what the subject “I” is doing)
• He took shelter from the snowfall with a piece of slate. ("hidden" - predicate)

Secondary members of the sentence

The secondary members of the proposal include definitions, circumstances, additions.

Definition answers questions (what? whose?)

Circumstance answers the questions of adverbs and participles (where, from where, where, how much, why, why, how, etc.)

Addition answers questions of indirect cases (by whom?, by what?)

Definition

The definition denotes a sign of the subject, that is, we make the question of the definition from the noun.

• Horse princesses(Whose? "Princesses" - the definition.)
• Table wooden(Which one? "From wood" - definition)
• Coffee mexican(Which one? “Mexican” is the definition)

Addition

Addition - an object associated with the action (on which the action is directed, with the help of which the action is performed). The question to the addition is asked from the verb or adverb.

• Remove harvester("Combine" - addition.)
• manage warehouse("warehouse" - addition)

How to distinguish an addition from a definition?

For comparison, the object most often receives the question from the verb, and the definition from the noun. That is, if a word can be asked a question and definitions, and additions, then you need to look at the word from which the question is asked. If this word is a noun, then we have a definition. If the question is asked from a verb, then this is an addition.

Circumstance

The circumstance answers the questions of adverbs and participles.

How to distinguish circumstance from addition?

It should be remembered that an addition is an object, but a circumstance is not an object.

Examples: In these sentences, fireworks, a wedge are not objects, but a mode of action.

• The sawdust flew like fireworks. (How? How? "Fireworks" - Circumstance)
• Geese flew like a wedge (How? How? "Wedge" - Circumstance)

Examples: In this case, the nouns knife and hands denote objects associated with the action.

• She covered it with her hands. (How? What? "Hands" - addition)
• Cleaned with a knife (How? What? "Wedge" - addition)

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3. The main members of the proposal. A dash between subject and predicate. Rules

The predicate is the main member of the sentence, denoting the action,
state or sign of the subject and answering questions
what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is the subject?
what is he? who is he?

The predicate can be expressed by a verb, an adjective,
noun, combination of words:

If the subject and predicate are expressed by nouns in
nominative case, then a dash is placed between them:

The dash is preserved if the predicate is attached to the subject
in words it, here, it means, it means, it is:

The book is a source of knowledge.
Romanticism is the first word that announced the Pushkin period.

A dash is not put if there is a negative before the predicate
particle not:

Lazy hands are not related to a smart head.

A dash is also not put if the predicate is attached
comparative conjunctions like, as if, as if, exactly, anyway, etc .:

Oil is like the black blood of the earth.
A jet plane is like lightning.

Tasks on the topic “The main members of the proposal. Dash between subject and predicate"

Underline the grammar in the sentences.
(By clicking several times on the desired word, select a graphic designation.)

Underline the grammar in the sentences.
(By clicking several times on the desired word, select a graphic designation.)

What does the predicate mean in sentences:

Antip put on a new shirt, girded himself with a belt.

1) The action of the subject.

2) Sign of the subject.

3) The state of the subject. Wrong. Do not click on an empty field. Antip beamed.

1) The action of the subject.

2) Sign of the subject.

3) The state of the subject. Wrong. Wrong. Wrong. Do not click on an empty field. Wrong. Wrong. Vera is the favorite of all relatives.

1) The action of the subject.

2) Sign of the subject.

3) The state of the subject. Wrong. Do not click on an empty field. Wrong. Passers-by looked at them.

1) The action of the subject.

2) Sign of the subject.

3) The state of the subject. Wrong. Wrong. Do not click on an empty field. Wrong. Mission completed. Wrong. Wrong.

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Grammatical basis: subject and predicate

What you need to know

You don't need to know much to understand this section; the ability to determine the grammatical basis is one of the fundamental skills with which the study of the #syntax and punctuation section begins

Nevertheless, it is desirable to have an idea about the following concepts: noun, cases, pronoun, verb.

What will you learn

• What is the subject and how can it be expressed
• What is a predicate and how can it be expressed
• What is a grammatical basis

To lovers of pure knowledge: any work with a sentence begins with finding a grammatical basis. Therefore, you are here.

For those who just want to correctly place commas: in order to isolate parts of a complex sentence and correctly place commas between them, one must be able to determine the grammatical basis. Therefore, you are here.

Passing the exam and the OGE: in order to cope with tasks in syntax and punctuation, it is necessary to be able to determine the subject and predicate, including in very non-trivial cases. Therefore, those who pass exams are also here.

In general, whoever you are, the ability to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence will be useful to you.

Subject

What is a subject?

The subject is the main member of the sentence, denoting the object, the action or feature of which is expressed by the predicate, and answering the questions “who?”, “What?”.

When parsing a sentence, the subject is underlined with one line.

Most often, the subject is expressed by a noun or personal pronoun in the nominative case ( I , you , he , she is , it , we , you , they).

Cat jumped on the windowsill. In this sentence, the subject is - cat .

He jumped on the windowsill. In this sentence, the subject is - he .

However, the subject can be expressed in other parts of speech. The subject can be:

1) any part of speech used in the meaning of a noun

Smart won't go uphill smart bypass the mountain.
Asleep did not notice that the train had left for the depot.
Walked towards him three .

2) indefinite form of the verb

Observe for the birds - a favorite pastime of our cat.

3) pronouns of other categories (not only personal, but also relatively interrogative, definitive, demonstrative) in the nominative case

Who feed the cat?
You can't help but love a cat which the lives in our house.

Sentence. The main members of the proposal

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In this lesson, we will learn that in a sentence the main members are distinguished - the subject and the predicate. The subject and predicate form the grammatical basis of a sentence. Learn to find the subject and predicate in a sentence and underline them.

Repetition of knowledge about the proposal

We already know that in a sentence all the words are related in meaning.

The sentence expresses a complete thought.

The beginning of a sentence is capitalized.

Depending on the intonation of the sentence, there are:

• exclamatory: How good it is in the forest!
• non-exclamatory: It's a good weather today.

According to the purpose of the statement are:

• narrative: Children go to school.
• interrogative: How old are you?
• incentive: Pass the book, please.

Rice. 1. Types of offers

Sentences are made up of words. Today we will find out which of them are called the main ones and why.

The main members of the proposal

Let's read the sentence: Fluffy kitten playing on the floor.

Rice. 2. The kitten is playing

Who is this proposal talking about? About the kitten. What is the kitten doing? plays. Let's close the word Kitty. Let's read the offer. Fluffy plays on the floor. The meaning is not clear. Who is playing on the floor? Now let's close the word. plays. Let's read the offer. Fluffy kitten on the floor. What he does is unknown. The words kitten plays express the main meaning of the whole sentence. These are the main members of the proposal. The main members of a sentence are the subject and the predicate.

Rice. 3. The main members of the proposal (Source)

Remember: subject names who or what the sentence is talking about, and answers the questions “who?”, “What?”. When parsing a sentence, it is underlined with one line.

For example: Schoolchildren read books. What is the proposal about? About schoolchildren. Who - pupils- subject, underline with one line. What are the students doing? Read. This is the second main member of the sentence - the predicate. Emphasized by two lines. Schoolchildren read books.

Remember: predicate- the main member of the proposal. Names what is said about the subject, answers questions what to do? what to do? When parsing a sentence, it is underlined by two lines.

We learned that in a sentence the main members are distinguished - the subject and the predicate. The subject and predicate form the grammatical basis of a sentence.

Rice. 4. The grammatical basis of the sentence (Source)

Consolidation of knowledge in practice

And now we will complete tasks that will help us consolidate the knowledge gained.

We write out the grammatical basis of the sentences and underline the subject and predicate.

Spring has come. Ringing streams ran across the land. Birds sang on the branches. The first blades of grass appeared on the thawed patches.

Let's check the correctness of this task.

Spring has come. The predicate has come, the spring is the subject.

The streams ran. Brooks - subject, ran - predicate.

The birds sang. They sang - the predicate, the birds - the subject.

Weeds appeared. Appeared - the predicate, blades of grass - the subject.

Insert a suitable subject.

The cold north __________ is blowing. White _________ fall to the ground. Fluffy ________ jumps from branch to branch in the forest.

Words to insert: squirrel, wind, snowflakes.

A cold north wind is blowing. White snowflakes fall to the ground. A fluffy squirrel jumps from branch to branch in the forest.

Let's make sentences from these words. Find the grammatical basis in each sentence and underline it.

Crow, sitting on, a branch, black.

Gray, gnaws, carrots, hare, delicious.

Apples, on, ripe, apple tree, red.

Coat, hanging, hanger, on, baby.

One of the answer options:

A black crow sits on a branch.

Proposal basis: crow sitting .

A gray hare gnaws a delicious carrot.

Proposal basis: hare gnaws .

Red apples ripened on an apple tree.

Proposal basis: The apples are ripe .

A child's coat is hanging on a hanger.

Proposal basis: coat hanging .

In the next lesson, we will learn which members of the sentence are called secondary, learn how to find them in the sentence, highlight them with underlining. Let's talk about common and non-common offers.

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Education, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M .: Balass.
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M .: Bustard.

1. Festival of Pedagogical Ideas "Open Lesson" (Source).
2. Uchitelu.net (Source).
3. 4stepeni.ru (Source).

• Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M .: Education, 2012. Part 2. Do ex. 171 p. 125.
• Highlight the grammatical bases in these sentences. What fairy tale begins?

1. Grandfather planted a turnip. 2. A big, big turnip has grown. 3. Grandfather went to pick a turnip.

• * Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, make 5 sentences for the picture. Underline the subject and predicate.

Rice. 6. Leopold the cat and mice (Source)

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In this chapter:

§one. The main members of the sentence are subject and predicate

Subject

The subject is the main member of the sentence, independent of the other members of the sentence. The subject answers the questions I.p.: who? what?

In a sentence, the subject is expressed in different ways.

How is the subject expressed?

The subject can be a word or phrase.

Most often the subject is expressed:

1) noun: mother, laughter, love;
2) words that have the function of a noun: nouns derived from adjectives or participles: sick, manager, meeting, ice cream, canteen;
3) pronouns: we, nobody, anything;
4) numerals: three, five;
5) indefinite form of the verb: Smoking is harmful to health;
6) a phrase, if it has a meaning:
a) compatibility: husband and wife, duck with ducklings, me and my girlfriend;
b) uncertainty or generality: Something unfamiliar seemed in the distance. One of the guests covered the window;
c) quantities: 2 million people live in the city;
d) selectivity: Any of them could become the first. Most of the students coped with the control;
e) phraseological unit: The white nights have come.

Predicate

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, denoting what is being said about the subject that is the subject. The predicate depends on the subject and agrees with it. It answers different questions: what does the object do? what happens to him? what is he? who is he? what it is? what is the subject? All these questions are varieties of the question: what is being said about the subject? The choice of a specific question depends on the structure of the sentence.

The predicate contains the most important grammatical characteristic of the sentence: its grammatical meaning.

grammatical meaning- this is a generalized meaning of the sentence, which characterizes its content in terms of two parameters:

• reality-irreality,
• time.

reality-irriality expressed by the mood of the verb.

• Verbs in the indicative mood are typical for statements that reflect the real situation: It's raining., It's getting light.
• Verbs in the imperative and in the conditional mood are characteristic of sentences that reflect not a real, but a desirable situation. Don't forget your umbrella! If only it didn't rain today!

Time- an indicator of the correlation of the situation with the moment of speech. Time is expressed by the verb forms of the present, past and future tense.

Simple and compound predicate

The predicate in two-part sentences can be simple and compound. Compounds are divided into compound verbal and compound nominal.

Simple predicate- this is a type of predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word. A simple predicate is always a verb. It is expressed by the verb in the form of one of the moods. In the indicative mood, verbs can stand in one of three tenses: present - past - future.

He knows the verses by heart.

indicative mood, present. time

He knew the verses by heart.

indicative mood, past time

He will learn the verses by heart.

indicative mood, bud. time

You will memorize these verses.

imperative mood

In a circle, you would learn poems by heart.

conditional mood

Compound predicate- this is a type of predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words.
If in a simple verbal predicate the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word, then in a compound one they are expressed in different words. For example:

Suddenly, the baby stopped singing and started laughing.

Stopped singing, started laughing - compound predicates. The words sing, laugh are called action, while expressing the lexical meaning. The grammatical meaning is expressed by the words: stopped, started

Compound predicates are verbal and nominal.

Compound verb predicate

A compound verbal predicate is a predicate consisting of an auxiliary word and an indefinite form of the verb. Examples:

He finished working.

I want to help you.

Auxiliary words are divided into two groups:

1) verbs with the meaning of the beginning-continuation-end of the action, for example: start, finish, continue, stop, stop;

2) verbs and short adjectives with the meaning of possibility, desirability, necessity: to be able, to be able, to want, to want, to desire, to strive, to try; glad, ready, must, obligated, intends.

In a compound verbal predicate, auxiliary words express the grammatical meaning, and the indefinite form of the verb expresses the lexical meaning of the predicate.

In the event that a short adjective serves as an auxiliary word, then it is used with a bunch. The link is the verb to be. Here are the relevant past tense examples:

I was so glad to meet you!

In the present tense, the word is is not used, it is omitted: the link is zero, for example:

I'm so glad to meet you!

In the future tense, the link to be is put in the future tense. Example:

I will be glad to meet you.

Compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal is a predicate consisting of a linking verb and a nominal part. Linking verbs express the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the nominal part expresses its lexical meaning.

1. The linking verb to be expresses only grammatical meaning. She was beautiful yesterday. In the present tense, the link is zero: She is beautiful.

2. Linking verbs to become, to become, to become, to be, to be considered, to seem, to be called, to appear: The house from afar seemed like a point.

3. Linking verbs with the meaning of movement or location in space: come, arrive, sit, lie down, stand: Mother returned tired from work., Mother sat thoughtful, sad.

In all these cases, linking verbs can be replaced by the verb to be. The sentences will be synonymous, for example:

Mother sat pensive, sad. Synonymous: Mother was thoughtful, sad.

He was considered the most talented of us. Synonymous: He was the most talented of us.

With such a replacement, of course, all the nuances of the meaning are not transmitted. Therefore, the language offers various linking verbs that emphasize different shades of meaning.

Combinations of a linking verb with auxiliary words are possible: She dreamed of becoming an actress.

The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate

The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate is expressed in Russian in different ways, and, paradoxically, not only by names. Although the most common and characteristic is the use of names as a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate: nouns, adjectives, numerals. Naturally, names can be replaced by pronouns. And since the role of adjectives and participles is similar, participles can also act along with adjectives. Adverbs and adverbial combinations are also possible in the nominal part. Examples:

1) noun: Mother is a doctor., Anastasia will be an actress.,

2) adjective: He grew up strong and handsome.,

3) numeral: Twice two four.,

4) pronoun: You will be mine., Who was nobody, he will become everything ("International"),

5) communion: The composition turned out to be lost., The daughter was finally cured.,

6) adverb and adverbial combination: The shoes were just right., The trousers turned out to be just right.

The nominal part can contain not only separate words, but also syntactically indivisible phrases. Examples:

She ran into the room with a cheerful face.
She sat with thoughtful eyes.

It cannot be said: She ran in with a face., She sat with her eyes., Because phrases with a cheerful face and thoughtful eyes are syntactically indivisible - this is the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate.

test of strength

Find out how you understood the contents of this chapter.

Final test

1. What members of the proposal are considered the main ones?

   • subject and object
   • definition, circumstance and addition
   • subject and predicate

2. Can the subject be expressed by words derived from adjectives or participles: head, sick, in love?

3. Can the subject be expressed in phrases, for example: we are with friends?

4. What is the subject of the sentence: Any of you can prepare for the exam and successfully pass it.?

   • any
   • any of you

5. What characteristics are included in the grammatical meaning of the sentence?

   • reality - unreality and time
   • type and time

6. Is it true that a simple verbal predicate is a predicate whose lexical and grammatical meaning is expressed by one verb?

7. Is it true that a compound predicate is a special type of predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words?

8. I can't help you.?

   • simple verb
   • compound verb
   • compound nominal

9. What is the predicate in the sentence: He was always taken seriously.?

   • simple verb
   • compound verb
   • compound nominal

10. What is the predicate in the sentence: Two by two is four.?

    • simple verb
    • compound verb
    • compound nominal

Subject-predicate relations are expressed in a sentence with the help of two main members - subject and predicate: Language develops. Speech correct and expressive.

The subject is a "grammatical object", the main member in the sentence, denoting the subject of the message, and the predicate - "predicate" - a sign of the subject, expresses the assertion or denial of something about the subject. They are interconnected, mutually directed. The combination of the main members constitutes the predicative (grammatical) basis of the sentence, serves to express predicative relations and predicative connection.

From a grammatical point of view, the predicate depends on the subject and is likened to it, and such a connection is often considered as agreement between the predicate and the subject. For example, in such predicative combinations as language is being studied speech correct, stories read, word said the forms of the predicate depend on the morphological properties of the subjects, they agree in gender, number, or only in number. However, the grammatical connection of the predicate does not fit into the usual framework of agreement. The form of the predicate has the opposite effect on the subject, it stands only in a certain form of case, gender and number. The agreement between the subject and the predicate is not purely attributive (attributive) in nature, as in a subordinating phrase, but turns into predictive agreement, in a kind of mutual coordination. Outwardly, such a connection resembles an agreement that is carried out throughout the system of forms, for example, language unit, language unit, language unit etc., and when coordinating, two specific word forms of the type are combined: Speech pronounced(only im.noun + conjugated form of the verb). The verb-predicate is consistent with only one form of the noun in the nominative case; the verb-predicate does not combine with its other cases.

Predicate- the main member of a two-part sentence, grammatically dependent on the subject and expressing a predicative feature - a characteristic of the subject indicated by the subject.

The grammatical dependence of the predicate on the subject - predicative agreement - is manifested in the fact that the predicate has the same forms of person, number, gender as the subject:

students hand over exams. You drawing portrait. Painter painted landscape.

The main structural types of the predicate are distinguished taking into account the ratio of lexical and grammatical meanings, namely: are they expressed together, in one component; or separately, in two components.

Three types of predicate are distinguished by structure: simple verb, compound and compound.

Simple predicate represented by a single verb. It expresses the lexical meaning - the name of the action attributed to the subject, which is indicated in the subject, the grammatical features of the person, number, time, mood.

In a simple verbal predicate, grammatical signs of person, number, tense, mood and lexical meaning are expressed in the usual one form of the verb.

In a compound predicate grammatical and lexical meaning are expressed separately - in two forms. A compound predicate consists of two words - a link and a link member. The link not only connects the linking element with the subject, but also is the carrier of grammatical meanings - person, tense, mood. The lexical meaning of the compound predicate lies in the linking part.

Depending on the morphological nature of the linking part, two types of compound predicate are distinguished: a compound verb, in which the linking word is expressed by the infinitive: But my enemy has become languish(Lermontov); and compound nominal: in which the linking word is expressed by a noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, participle, adverb. For example, Levitan was an artist of a sad landscape(K. Paustovsky). Taiga stands dumbfounded, all in thought. They are so kind. Three times three nine. Faces became stricter.

Compound verb predicate consists of an auxiliary verb and an indefinite form of the verb, in which the auxiliary verb is subdivided into:

1) phase, i.e. denoting the beginning, end and continuation of the action: begin, begin, begin, stop, stop, continue;

2) modal, i.e. denoting the possibility or impossibility of action: to be able, to be able, to be able, to teach; want, wish, dream, try, try, try; thought processes, mental experiences : think, be afraid, delay, endure, love.

For example, people began to sing loudly. The actor managed to make the audience laugh. He loved to tell funny stories.

The concepts of subject and predicate are among the most basic in the Russian language. It is with them that the acquaintance of children with syntax begins. It is very important that the student understand this section and fix it in memory, since all subsequent rules of punctuation, complex sentences and many other sections will be inextricably linked with the subject and predicate. These two concepts make up the grammatical basis, so it will also be discussed in this article. Refresh your memory and help your child learn new knowledge.

What is the subject

To begin with, consider the rule of the Russian language:

• The subject is one of the main members of the sentence. It can denote both an object and an action or a sign of a predicate. Answers the question "Who?" and "What?".

As a rule, this member of the sentence is expressed by a noun or a pronoun. It is emphasized with one line.

• For example, in the sentence “Grandma went to the market”, the subject will be the noun “Grandma”, since in this sentence the grandmother is the main character.
• If we take the sentence “He likes ice cream”, then the pronoun “He” will be the subject in it.

However, there are other interesting cases in which absolutely any part of speech acts as a subject, if it can be defined as a noun. For example:

• Five go to the right. In this sentence, the subject will be the word "Five", although in its usual form it is a numeral. Here it replaces the noun, acting as the main member of the sentence.
• Miser pays twice. In this case, the subject will also be the word "Miserly", which is a noun, and outside the sentence - an adjective.

The verb also often acts as the subject if it is in the indefinite form:

• Going to the store is his main goal. This is a complex sentence, in one of the parts of which the subject is the infinitive.

And finally, even a whole phrase can become the subject. It can be indivisible names, full name of a person.

• Anna Sergeevna hurried home. In this sentence, the subject is Anna Sergeevna.

After a while, the child will be able to determine the subject intuitively, without reciting the rules by heart.

What is a predicate

The predicate must be underlined with two parallel horizontal lines, answers the question “What is it?” and “What does it do?”, and also denotes an action or some sign of the subject.

The predicate has several types:

• verb.
• Composite noun.
• Compound verb.

Each type of predicate is best analyzed separately. The simplest of them is the verb.

• The verb predicate is usually expressed by the verb in certain moods: indicative, imperative, and also conditional. To determine the predicate correctly, you need to refresh your memory and remember what moods are.
• Perhaps a predicate in the form of a stable phrase.
• Phraseologisms also belong to the verbal predicate.

The compound verb predicate is easy to notice:

• In this case, two verbs answer the main question of the predicate. For example: "He still continued to eat." The predicate will be "continued to eat."
• Or "The cat needs a lot of sleep." Now the predicate - "need to sleep."

A compound nominal predicate is so called because it contains a linking verb and a nominal part: a noun or pronoun, adverbs, participles.

• She was a beauty. In this sentence, the predicate is “she was a beauty”, since the word “was” often acts as a linking verb, and “beauty” is a nominal part.

It may not be possible to remember everything the first time, but after solving the tasks you will succeed.

What is a grammatical basis

The grammatical basic is the main members of the sentence, namely: the subject and the predicate. They are connected in meaning and are distinguished by horizontal lines.

The stem itself, as a rule, is highlighted in square brackets in the sentence.