Galina Benislavskaya was not there. M. Roizman said: " A little after Yesenin's death, I saw Benislavskaya at a table in the telegraph building. Before her lay a blank form for a telegram, she sat in thought, with a pen in her hand. I greeted her and saw that she had lost weight, even aged. I asked if she was sick?
No, I'm fine," she answered quietly. “But every minute I think that Sergei Alexandrovich is gone!”»
After his death, Galina writes in her diary: “ Terrible hopelessness and inevitability of loss came. And I have the same mortal longing for him. The one who saw him for real - not to see anyone, not to love anyone».
She tries to live somehow, pour wine into her soul, rushes from side to side. There is no relief. And Galina decides to die.
It is happened December 3, 1926 at the Vagankovsky cemetery next to Yesenin's grave.
Yesenin's grave in its original form
The woman nervously smoked cigarette after cigarette. She is still so young, and life, despite the difficulties and misfortunes, is so beautiful ... Finally, she made up her mind. She took out a piece of paper, quickly, so as not to think, sketched out a few lines: “ I killed myself here, although I know that after that even more dogs will hang on Yesenin. But for him, and for me, it doesn't matter. In this grave for me everything is most precious ... "
For a while she stood motionless. Then on the box of cigarettes she wrote: If the finka is stuck after a shot in the grave, it means that even then I did not regret it. If it’s a pity, I’ll throw it far away ... ".
Galina took out a pistol ... After a while, she was able to somehow add on a box of cigarettes: “ misfire". In Moscow, they will later say that there were several misfires. But the subsequent shot was accurate. The woman fell unconscious. The gun and the finca fell out of her hands ...
The shot was heard at the gatehouse. To the scene, timidly hiding behind monuments and fences, the cemetery watchman was the first to arrive in time. A mortally wounded woman in a checkered cap and a dark shabby coat lay in the snow and groaned inaudibly. The watchman ran to the church to sound the alarm. Soon the police came, the ambulance arrived. The dying woman was sent to the Botkin hospital, but she was no longer breathing. The cart turned around and took the body of the deceased to Pirogovka, to the anatomical theater. So tragically ended the life of 29-year-old Galina Benislavskaya, whose love and devotion to the poet was boundless. (Eduard Khlystalov. "Literary Russia" No. 50. 12/14/2001)
The suicide of Galina Benislavskaya shocked all of Moscow. It was decided to bury her next to Yesenin. The funeral took place on December 7th. The words " Faithful Galya". Now there are the words of Sergei Yesenin from his letter to her:
What was she like, this mysterious and contradictory woman, who did not want to live anymore in a world where her Poet was not, where there was no longer any reason to exist, who left it prudently and cold-bloodedly?
Galina Arturovna Benislavskaya born in Petersburg in 1897. She is the daughter of a Russified Frenchman and a Georgian.
She grew up in an aunt's family, as her father left the family early, and her mother was treated in a psychiatric clinic. She was in the Bolshevik Party, was captured by the Whites, in 1919-22 she worked in the Cheka as the secretary of the economic department.
The developers of the version about the deliberate murder of the great poet spread speculation that Benislavskaya supposedly " was assigned by the GPU to monitor the poet" (F. Morozov. Journal "Rus"). This is vile slander. In the economic department, where Galina served in the Special Interdepartmental Commission (OMK), they were engaged in " development of measures to combat speculation and increase the responsibility of officials". The commission did not set itself any intelligence-information tasks. For obvious reasons, the life of writers and poets did not interest her - that was the diocese of the secret department of the Cheka. Therefore, it is obvious that it was possible to “fasten” Benislavskaya to Agranov only with the help of imagination.
But maybe Agranov later attracted Galina Arturovna to the secret department of the Cheka? And there is a negative answer to this question, again based on her personal file.
In one of the references we read: I ask G. A. Benislavskaya, an employee for instructions from the agricultural department, as she has not actually worked in the department for about 4 months, to be seconded to the administrative department of the GPU". This document is dated April 27, 1922, and five days later a paper was signed indicating that Benislavskaya " dismissed from the service of the GPU at her own request and sent to the subdivision of accounting and distribution of the labor force of the mountains. Moscow».
Thus, the very fact of even a short, but official service in the Lubyanka ruled out the involvement of Benislavskaya as a secret employee of the GPU. Otherwise, the very concept of "secret" lost its meaning.
Later, Benislavskaya went to work in the editorial office of the newspaper " Poor". Galina read a lot, was well versed in literature, visited the famous Pegasus Stable cafe, in which the best poets of Moscow read their poems in the twenties. But her whole life turned upside down September 19, 1920 when, one evening at the Polytechnic Museum, she heard Sergei Yesenin. On that day, she writes in her diary:
« Suddenly the same boy comes out: a short, unbuttoned reindeer jacket, hands in the pockets of his trousers, completely golden hair, as if alive. Slightly throwing back his head and camp, he begins to read:
Spit, wind, armfuls of leaves, -
I'm just like you, bully.
He is all element, mischievous, rebellious, unrestrained element, not only in verse, but in every movement that reflects the movement of verse. Flexible, violent, like the wind he talks about, but no, what is the wind, the wind would take Yesenin's prowess. And in the one who listens, the same element involuntarily wakes up, and one involuntarily wants to repeat after him with the same prowess: “I am the same as you, a bully” ...
What happened after reading it is hard to convey. Everyone suddenly jumped up from their seats and rushed to the stage, to him. They not only shouted at him, they begged him: "Read something else." And a few minutes later, coming up, already in a fur hat with a sable trim, childishly read again "Spit, wind ...".
Coming to my senses, I saw that I was also at the stage itself. How I ended up there, I do not know and do not remember. Obviously, this wind picked up and spun me too. What happened, I didn't know yet. There was great charm in his spontaneity, in his semi-boyar, semi-hooligan costume, in his posture and manner of reading, I wanted to listen to him, namely to listen again and again ...»
S. Yesenin reads his poems at the monument to A. Koltsov.
At the time of her acquaintance with Yesenin (1919-1920), Benislavskaya looked like a girl in whom, when she argued with enthusiasm or laughed recklessly, something boyish looked through. " Her eyes were amazing! Large, brown, with golden sparks, almost fused, pretentiously curved eyebrows under a straight, narrow nose that gave her narrow face a special significance. Luxurious curled lashes. The ironic mouth and high forehead testified to the mind and willpower". (E. Styrskaya). She looked like a Georgian woman, distinguished by her peculiar beauty and attractiveness. Then she still had braids of jackdaw color - long, fluffy.
Then she cut it off. She combed her short hair in a straight parting. When talking, she liked to put her hands in the cuffs of her sleeves.
From the diary of Galina Benislavskaya:
« I was only surprised: I read it in novels, but in life I didn’t know that it flared up so “suddenly”. I realized: yes, this is exactly the “prince” that I was waiting for. And it became clear why she had not loved anyone until now ... That very evening I clearly understood that I can give everything here: both principles (not to get married), and - body (which I still could not even imagine), and I not only can, but even, it seems, I want to…”.
Yesenin conquered Galina immediately and irrevocably. The next two weeks passed under the hypnosis of his poetry. She is present at all the poet's performances and is always in the forefront of the audience, which does not go unnoticed by Yesenin. The unusual beauty of the girl attracts the poet, but she does not “give up” immediately and does not show that she is madly in love with him. I must say that Galina never ran after Yesenin (as it was presented in the sensational film based on the work of Bezrukov Sr.), she appeared only when it was necessary and disappeared when there was no need for her intervention.
Gradually, friendly relations are established between the poet and her friends Galya and Yana Kozlovskaya.
Yesenin was very interested in articles and notes about himself and about Imagism in general. Yana, working in the newspaper Bednota, and Galina, using the information bureau of the Cheka, got him a lot of material of interest to him.
Then, according to Galina, a fairy tale began, which became the meaning of her life and which continued until 1925. She reached out to Yesenin, as to the sun. Later, in letters, she addressed him: “my sun!”.
« I was not going to achieve anything, I just could not and did not want not to think about him, not to look for an opportunity to see and hear him. And later, already having the opportunity to always see him when he began to read poetry, I often thought that, in addition to all this, I could also listen to newly written poems from him. On this day, she came home outwardly calm, but inside - sheer glee, as if, as in a fairy tale, she had found a magical treasured thing. From that evening until the autumn of 1922 (two years) I fell asleep thinking about him, and when I woke up, my first thought was about S.A., just as in childhood the first thought is: “Is there sun today?».
« So love, so selflessly and unrestrainedly love. Does it happen? But I love, and I can not do otherwise; it is stronger than me, my life. If it were necessary for him to die - without hesitation, and if at the same time he knew that he would at least smile affectionately when he learned about me, death would become a joy..
This diary was published at the end of the century both in Russia and in America, the love of Galina Benislavskaya went down in history. People remember her love for almost a century. And it is hardly possible to find an example of such a saving self-denial in love, such a disinterested all-consuming feeling that was accepted, but not shared.
She waits for him to tell her: Gail, you are an amazing person. I have no one closer to you". However, he adds: But sorry. I don't love you as a woman". She will answer: “Sergey Alexandrovich, I do not encroach on your freedom, you have nothing to worry about". And in his diary he writes: "God, how excruciatingly painful ... But I can handle it. Always love him, always be ready to respond to his call - and that's it, and nothing more! And he appreciated it and wrote to her in a letter: True, it is much better and more than I feel for women. You are so close to me in life without this that it is impossible to express.
Somewhere in the summer of 1921, Galina feels unusually happy next to him. " Yes, March-August 1921 - what a good time". Yesenin was close to her, he could not help but respond to the feelings of a devoted and passionately loving person. There is a mention of this in her diary, dated March 1922. " There is no humiliation that I would not go to, if only to make him stop only for a short time near me, but not only physically, I need more from him: he needs the warmth that was in the summer, and that's it !!!» The entry was made at the beginning of Yesenin’s already established relationship with Isadora Duncan.
Knowing that Yesenin had a wife and children, Galina did not even think about winning his heart, although her heart was already beating in a high love rhythm. Then Yesenin seemed to her already "available." " As he "seeed off" then at night, the spiders crawled, quietly, gently, warmly. Spent, forgot, but I do not want to forget. After all, Yesenin is alone».
After leaving his wife, the poet was literally on the street, the search for a roof over his head was his constant headache. Where did he live! Most often, I had to seek refuge in the apartments of various friends and acquaintances, and a crowd of adherents and freeloaders always followed it. He could not work in these conditions. Galina sheltered Sergei in her communal apartment. Then his sister Katya moved there. Then Shura...
Yesenin abroad with Duncan.
Galina is torn between jealousy and love. " After all, she (Isadora) will not be able to save? Fire cannot protect wood. Perhaps we have already seen him off forever, failed to save him? .. How dear he is to me. I feel it again and again. And everything that is dear to him is dear ...»
A decision comes, no matter what, to be always there for him, to be necessary, to be a friend and not to demand more.
After returning from abroad and leaving Duncan, Yesenin finally settled in a large house in Bryusovsky Lane, the so-called "Pravda House", where employees of the Pravda and Bednota newspapers lived, in a communal apartment on the 7th floor, where Galina owned two small rooms. From the window of the room there was a view of the Kremlin.
In this house in Bryusov lane (building 2a, apt. 27) Yesenin lived for about a year ... This apartment remained communal for a long time, but now one of the new Russians bought it entirely and the guard does not let it in. Excursions lead to the courtyard and talk about Yesenin there.
Voluntarily and with great enthusiasm, this quiet ascetic took on the duties of a servant, nanny, guardian, literary secretary ... Secretary, perhaps, in the first place. Almost half of Yesenin's letters of 1924 were addressed to her. But it is in vain to look for at least one intimate word in them - all these are friendly, correct in tone, with an invariable appeal to you (albeit by name) business messages. She compiles and publishes his collections, keeps the proofs, manages money affairs, very complicated, rewrites and stores his manuscripts. A secretary, reliable and loyal, but no more.
From memories A. Mariengofa: « After Yesenin returned from America, Galya became his closest person: lover, friend, nanny. A nanny in the highest, noblest and most beautiful sense of the word. I, perhaps, did not meet in my life more than Gali, self-sacrifice, greater devotion, negligence and, of course, love. She gave Yesenin all of herself, demanding nothing for herself. And if you tell the truth - not getting».
In recent years, Galina was most often the first listener of his poems. She had a delicate literary taste, and Yesenin always listened to her assessments, which did not always coincide with his own, to her gentle advice. Galina had a calming effect on him.
« In my presence for two years there was only one scandal. He was comforted by my calmness and my evenness towards him; soon studied to the subtlety of all his moods. With regard to his mood and condition, I was completely unusually sensitive for me. Some kind of maternal sensitivity and attentiveness to him grew out of constant anxiety for him.". She recalls the incident:
« Suddenly he takes something out of his pocket, with fear and apprehension. As if a broken cigarette is a cartridge case mouthpiece. He bends over and in the ear, with despair - everything, they say, is over, - he says. “Axelrod gave it, you know - cocaine, I already sniffed it once, but I didn’t feel anything, it doesn’t work.” I screamed in horror: “Now quit! What is that!” And that there is strength hit him on the arm. And he, bewildered, like a boy who realized that he was indulging in something bad and dangerous, spread his fingers with fear and dropped it. He looked like this: got rid, they say, of danger. I walked through it for half an hour, and S.A., trembling, frightened, listened and gave his word that not only would he never take cocaine in his hands, but he would also give it to the face of anyone who presented him».
Who knows, if Galina Benislavskaya had not met Yesenin on the way, whether he had left us even earlier, having died from drugs or in a drunken street fight, where his life hung in the balance so many times.
Yesenin's familiar tavern entourage fiercely hates Benislavskaya. " …I passed through a line of hostile, hateful eyes. No matter what they did to eliminate me. To their greatest rage, they couldn't figure out our relationship. Wife. Not a wife. Mistress - also not. Friend. They did not see such people among themselves and did not believe in my friendship. And therefore they did not know from which side to offend Sergei Alexandrovich. And they didn’t understand why I bewitched him so much that in no way could we quarrel».
Yesenin will offer her: “ Galya, I live with you. After all, there will be all sorts of talk. If you want I can marry you". She refuses: “No, Sergei Alexandrovich. Only because of someone's conversations - no. Yes, I can't. You just always, in everything, rely on me.
In her memoirs, G. Benislavskaya tries to accuse the Soviet government of ignoring the poet. Bitterly indignant that it had no right not to understand what value was in its care, and which, nevertheless, not only did not contribute to the possibility of Yesenin's talent growing further, but even failed to preserve it; even if not to preserve, but at least to some extent provide everyday opportunities. And Sobinov, Geltser, Nezhdanova are provided with these opportunities, although their contributions to spiritual culture are immeasurably smaller, if only because their work will die with them, and what was created by Yesenin will survive many generations».
Yesenin called Benislavskaya his "caretaker". Galya - was undoubtedly the most real and faithful friend of S. Yesenin. In a letter to her, he writes: I repeat to you that you are very, very dear to me. Yes, and you yourself know that without your participation in my fate there would be a lot of deplorable things.
Do not believe what they say and write about Galina Benislavskaya in stupid books and films: she was a Chekist, knocked on Yesenin and other nonsense. It hurts to watch and read how the memory of this beautiful woman is being denigrated. Monuments of such love should be erected. Yesenin, unfortunately, did not devote a single poem to her. But if he had not died so early, I think he would have returned to her. " You can't see face to face. Big seen from a distance". There wasn't enough space...
He was born on October 3, 1895, in the Ryazan village of Konstantinovo. From the age of two, due to the poverty of the family, he was given up for education to his grandfather, a more prosperous peasant.
Village Konstantinovo. House of Yesenin
At the age of 17, Yesenin was a graduate of a church teacher's school. But teaching does not attract him.
Awareness of his poetic gift came quickly. He later recalled: “For 18 years, I was surprised to send my poems to the editors that they were not being published, and suddenly burst into St. Petersburg. I was very welcome there."
He "burst" in St. Petersburg still a very rustic guy. Subsequently, he himself said that when he saw Blok, he sweated with excitement. In those years, Yesenin, who had not yet fledged, was an obedient companion of Klyuev and Gorodetsky. Together with them he walked like a kind of tinsel peasant, wore smart morocco boots, a blue silk shirt, belted with a gold lace, on which hung a comb for combing valiant curls, scaring off people with taste with his appearance.
Yesenin and Klyuev
Yesenin's first poetry collection "Radunitsa" was published in 1916.
At the heart of Yesenin's early poetry lies a devout, almost religious love for his native land. It is to the native peasant land, and not to Russia with its cities, factories, universities and theaters, with political and social life. In this sense, he essentially did not know Russia and was not interested in it. For the time being, his homeland is his native side with its fields and forests, and not a country, not a state.
In the first half of 1916, Yesenin was drafted into the army. Thanks to the efforts of friends, he was appointed as an orderly to the Tsarskoye Selo military hospital train No. 143, where the empress and princesses served as sisters of mercy.
Yesenin among the military hospital train.
At one of the concerts in the infirmary, he met with Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Yesenin recalled in his autobiography: “After reading my poems, she said that my poems are beautiful, but very sad. I answered her that this is the whole of Russia. The proofreading of his second book, Dove, contained a whole cycle of poems dedicated to the Empress. But after the revolution, Yesenin removed these dedications.
Yesenin's early poetry is essentially a popular print, striking in the eyes with vivid images and metaphors. There is a smoky touch of sadness in it, but there is no anxiety, no anguish. The revolution will make him a great tragic poet.
***
Yesenin initially accepted the revolution enthusiastically. He was waiting for peasant Russia with its age-old truth to fly up from this flame like a fabulous firebird. In 1918-1919, several revolutionary poems were published from his pen, including Inonia with her aspirations for the coming general renewal. At this time, Yesenin flaunts his acquaintance with the leaders of the Cheka and even invents a new way of meeting girls, inviting them to the cellars of the Lubyanka to watch the executions.
However, he soon realizes that the Bolsheviks are not at all what they would like to pretend to be. The mood of elation is replaced by confusion, bewilderment before what is happening.
Yesenin reads poetry at a rally.
“I am the last poet of the village,” Yesenin writes in a 1920 poem. But the village did not live up to expectations. Due to human weakness, he still blames the "city", the urban culture, with which the Bolsheviks, in his opinion, are poisoning rural Russia. It seems to him that the car that came running from the city blowing the "death horn" is to blame, he curses the rushing train, which the foal is chasing so ridiculously and stupidly.
And the result is an oppressed state: “There is no love, neither for the village, nor for the city.”
At this time, Yesenin was already drinking heavily, often falling into a rage, in his poems there are motifs of hopeless loneliness, drunken revelry, hooliganism and a ruined life. But with this rot, with city hooligans, Yesenin is still easier than with the prosperous philistines of Soviet Russia. Now the Bolsheviks have become disgusting to him, his former friends from the Cheka are disgusted:
I am not a villain, and I did not rob the forest,
He did not shoot the unfortunate in dungeons.
One of his last major works was the poem "Country of Scoundrels", in which he denounced the Soviet regime. After that, he was persecuted in the newspapers. The last two years of Yesenin's life were spent in constant traveling: hiding from prosecution, he travels to the Caucasus three times, travels to Leningrad several times, seven times to Konstantinovo. Almost every one of his poems for some time now began to end with a prediction of imminent death:
My friend, my friend! Eyes clear
Only death closes.
The eyelids have cleared. But Yesenin did not want to see what was happening around. There was only one thing left for him to do: die.
***
At the end of November 1925, due to the threat of arrest, Yesenin had to go to a paid psychoneurological clinic at Moscow University, where Professor Gannushkin provided him with a separate room.
Employees of the GPU and the police ran off their feet, looking for the poet. Only a few people knew about his hospitalization in the clinic, but there were informants. On November 28, the Chekists rushed to Gannushkin and demanded the extradition of Yesenin. The doctor replied with a firm refusal. Then the clinic was placed under surveillance. After waiting for a moment, Yesenin secretly leaves the hospital and leaves for Leningrad on December 23. On the night of December 28, he was found dead in a room at the Angleterre Hotel. The surviving evidence still does not allow us to make an unambiguous medical verdict on whether the death of the poet was suicide or the work of the Soviet special services, who staged the murder as a suicide. http://kp.by/daily/23609.3/46548/
Yesenin's body was transported to Moscow for burial at the Vagankovsky cemetery. The funeral was grandiose. According to contemporaries, not a single Russian poet was buried like this.
Yesenin's funeral. Funeral rally at the monument to Pushkin
Today it is already clear that the history of Yesenin is the history of the delusions of his time. He believed that the Bolshevik revolution was the path to the renewal of Russian life, and it turned out to be the path to the destruction of peasant Russia, which he loved so sincerely and sincerely. He renounced God in the name of love for man, and this "liberated" man only did that he removed the cross from the church and hung Lenin instead of the icon.
And, however, beyond all the delusions and all the falls of Yesenin's life, something remains that deeply attracts him. What is beautiful and noble in Yesenin is that he was infinitely truthful in his work, that he was not afraid to admit mistakes - and wanted to pay for everything with the last, terrible price. His truth is love for the motherland, albeit blind, but great:
I love my homeland
I love my country very much!
His misfortune was that he was never able to name it, this homeland: he sang of log, peasant Russia, and socialist Inonia, and Asiatic Russia, tried to accept not with his heart, so with his mind even the USSR, - only the right name is not came to his lips: Russia. "A sixth part of the earth" as a state and cultural-historical phenomenon remained unknown to him. That was his main delusion, not an evil will, but a bitter mistake. Here is the plot and denouement of his tragedy.
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin is a great Russian poet, whose works are known to every person. His work touched and still touches absolutely everyone who is familiar with his works. This man literally conquered the public and made a huge contribution to Russian literature. It is impossible to forget him. Many people love and remember the great poet, more and more often they want to honor his memory. All of them are interested in the question of where. Despite the fact that the poet is famous and popular, many of his fans still do not know the answer to this question.
Years of study of the poet
Sergei Yesenin is one of the most talented and famous Russian poets, whose work could not leave readers indifferent. His fans are concerned about the question of where Yesenin is buried, because many of them love, remember the great poet and therefore want to honor his memory.
The great poet Sergei Yesenin 1895 in the Kuzminskaya volost of the Ryazan district of the Ryazan province.
In 1904, Sergei began to study at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, after which he entered the parochial second-class teacher's school.
The great poet was able to conquer a huge number of people with his work, but some of them do not know where Yesenin is buried.
The poet's move to Moscow
In 1912, Yesenin decided to leave home, after which he left for Moscow. There he got a job in a butcher's shop, and then began to work in a printing house.
He became very close with the "new peasant poets", after which in 1916 he published his first collection called "Radunitsa". Thanks to them, Sergei Yesenin gained dizzying popularity.
Admirers of the poet's work are often interested in where Yesenin is buried. In what city is the tomb of the great poet? A huge number of people want to know the answer to this question in order to honor his memory.
A group of imagists and Yesenin's participation in it
Later, Sergei met Anatoly Mariengof, after which he became an active member of the Imagist group.
In 1921, the great poet met with this woman, he married six months later. However, it is worth saying that their marriage broke up after a short period of time after their return from abroad.
Sergei Yesenin often began to have disagreements with Anatoly Mariengof, after which the poet decided to stop participating in the Imagist group. After that, numerous accusations of the poet in antisocial behavior began to appear in many newspapers: drunkenness, debauchery, fights, etc. It is worth saying that Yesenin himself gave rise to such gossip and rumors, since in the last years of his life the great poet similar behavior has been observed.
Sergei Yesenin is the greatest Russian poet, whom a huge number of readers love and remember. However, most fans still do not know where Yesenin was buried after his death.
Criminal cases against Yesenin
Later, several criminal cases were opened against Sergei, which most often concerned charges of hooliganism. It is also important that a criminal case called “The Case of Four Poets” was connected with the accusation of poets in anti-Semitic statements.
Despite the fact that the poet had a scandalous and controversial reputation, a huge number of his fans are interested in where Yesenin is buried.
Yesenin's treatment in a neuropsychiatric clinic
It is worth noting that the Soviet government was worried about the psychological state of the great poet and his health in general. Already in 1925, Sofia Tolstaya agreed with the director of the psychoneurological clinic on the hospitalization of Sergei Yesenin. She was not indifferent to the physical as well as the moral health of the poet. Yesenin stayed in the clinic for a month, after which he went to Leningrad, having removed almost all his savings from his savings book. In this city, the poet spent his last years of life. It is worth saying that there is still a huge amount of information on the Internet about the burial place of Sergei, so many of his fans are wondering where Yesenin was buried.
The cause of death of the great poet Sergei Yesenin
Sergei Yesenin is a great Russian poet whose work will not leave anyone indifferent. His works make the reader feel the gamut of emotions that leave an impression forever. Yesenin's poems make you think about important things for everyone. All readers love and remember the poet, therefore they are interested in the cause of his death, as well as where Sergei Yesenin is buried.
Sergei Yesenin died in Leningrad at the Angleterre Hotel. This sad event happened on December 28, 1925. It is worth noting that the last poem of the poet was called "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye." It was handed over to Wolf Erlich shortly before Yesenin's death. The poet complained to Wolf that there was no ink in his number, and therefore he had to write this poem in blood.
According to the generally accepted version, in the last days of his life after treatment at the clinic, Yesenin was in a deep depression and hanged himself in his room. However, there is another version that says that he did not commit suicide. In 1970, an opinion arose about the murder of Sergei Yesenin with a staged suicide. It is worth saying that this version is considered untrue, unconvincing and simply fictional. Until now, the mystery of the death of Sergei Yesenin remains unsolved.
Where is the great poet buried?
The work of Sergei Yesenin is still admired by a huge number of fans. Probably, it is precisely in connection with his fame and popularity on the Internet that there is a huge amount of false information about where Yesenin is buried. At what cemetery can you honor the memory of your favorite poet?
As is already known, the poet spent the last days of his life in Leningrad. After that, the body of Sergei Yesenin was taken to Moscow by train. The poet was buried on December 31, 1925. Every fan who wants to honor the memory of the great poet can come to the cemetery where Yesenin is buried and remember the great Russian poet.
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin is the greatest Russian poet, whose work has been admired by more than one generation. A huge number of people are interested in his biography, and all schoolchildren study the poet's poems. Many still do not believe that Sergei could have committed suicide, but Yesenin can no longer be returned. It remains only to love, mourn and remember the greatest Russian poet of the last century.
Vladimir Ivanovich Dal was born on November 22, 1801 in the Yekaterinoslav governorate, and died on October 4, 1872. Of the 70 years of his life, this doctor, scientist, writer and lexicographer devoted most of his life to compiling the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language. Vladimir Dal knew at least 12 languages, had a good understanding of the Turkic languages and is recognized by modern science as one of the first Turkologists. Throughout his life he collected folklore. He gave the songs he heard from different people and subsequently recorded, to the writer Peter Kireevsky, and the tales to Alexander Afanasiev. The collection of popular prints by Vladimir Dahl became the property of the Imperial Public Library.
Dahl's father was Danish. Johan Christian von Dahl in 1799 took Russian citizenship and took a Russian name - Ivan Matveyevich Dal. He studied languages and was engaged in linguistics, worked in St. Petersburg as a court librarian. In Jena, he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine and became a doctor in Russia. From the marriage with Maria Khristoforovna Freitag, four sons were born. The world-famous linguist Vladimir Dal was the eldest.
Buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery: poet and performer Vladimir Vysotsky, journalist Vladislav Listyev, ballet dancer Maris Liepa, hockey player Anatoly Tarasov
Vladimir received his primary education. Since childhood, he loved to read, and therefore knew much more than his peers. At the age of 13, he joined the St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps, after which he served as a midshipman in the navy. In 1826, Dahl entered the medical faculty of Dorpat University and earned his living by teaching Russian to foreigners. Two years later, studies had to be interrupted due to the Russian-Turkish war. Vladimir Dal passes on the doctor of medicine and the doctor of surgery and goes to the front. As a writer, Vladimir Dal is known under the pseudonym Cossack Lugansky
Dahl's life's work is his Explanatory Dictionary, well known to every linguist. It took 53 years to complete. For the first edition of the Dictionary, its creator is awarded the Konstantinov medal of the Imperial Geographical Society.
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born on September 21, 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province. He is known as a great Russian poet, whom many researchers rank among the representatives of the new peasant poetry, as well as among the followers of Imagism.
From 1904 to 1909, Yesenin studied at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, and then until 1912 at a closed church teacher's school in Spas-Klepiki. Then he moved to Moscow, got a job first in a butcher's shop, and then in a printing house. A year later, he became a volunteer of the historical and philosophical department of the Moscow City People's University.
For the first time, Sergei Yesenin's poems were published in the Mirok magazine in 1914. In 1915, Yesenin moved to Petrograd, showed his work to Blok, Gorodetsky and some other poets. In January 1916, he was called up for military service, but the patronage of famous friends allowed him to serve as an orderly on the Tsarskoye Selo hospital train No. 143, which was supervised by the emperor's wife herself. During this period, Yesenin draws closer to the new peasant poets and publishes his first collection, Radunitsa.
Buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery: figure skaters Stanislav Zhuk and Sergey Grinkov, football player Lev Yashin, director Grigory Chukhrai, scientist Kliment Timiryazev, artist Vasily Surikov
In 1917, the poet marries Zinaida Reich, but after 3 years he leaves the family, and in 1921 officially. His ex-wife remains with her daughter Tatyana and son Konstantin, the children were subsequently adopted by Meyerhold.
In 1918-1920, Yesenin became an active member of the Moscow circle of imagists and, under the influence of their ideas, published the collections "Treryadnitsa", "Confession", "Poems of a Brawler", "Moscow Tavern" and the poem "Pugachev".
In the autumn of 1921, Yesenin meets the jubilant Isadora Duncan, whom he marries a few months later. The newlyweds travel around Europe, but upon returning to Russia, the marriage with Duncan breaks up. In the 1920s, Yesenin wrote a lot, published and sold books, and traveled. In 1925, friends agree to place him in the psycho-neurological department of Moscow University, as they fear for the health and life of the poet. Whether the man was really sick or his celebrity was to blame remained unknown. On December 23 of the same year, Yesenin leaves the clinic, goes to Leningrad, where he rents a room at the Angleterre Hotel. On December 28, he is found hanged there.
Andrey Alexandrovich Mironov
Andrei Alexandrovich Mironov is a famous Soviet actor, singer, director and screenwriter. In 1941, the son of Andryusha was born in the family of famous artists Alexander Menaker and Maria Mironova, but the date of March 8 is indicated on his birth certificate. In 1948, Andrey Menaker entered the first Moscow men's school No. 170. In 1950, the parents decide to change the child's surname to the mother's. In 1952, the boy is already trying to act in films. His role in "Sadko" was not successful, and director Alexander Ptushko rejected the future great artist. Andrei plays in the school theater, and then in the studio at the Central Children's Theater. In 1958, Mironov entered the theater school. Schukin, and two years later he got a role in the film "What if it's love?". In June 1962, Andrei Mironov began to serve in the Moscow Theater of Satire, to which he remained faithful for a quarter of a century. The actor receives many offers to act in films, some of which he accepts. “Three plus two”, “My little brother”, “Beware of the car” and many others appear on the screens. Andrei Mironov is torn between filming a movie and working in the theater, tours a lot, participates in team and solo creative evenings and meetings with the audience.
Actors buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery: Mikhail Kononov, Georgy Vitsin, Oleg Dal, Tamara Nosova, Mikhail Pugovkin, Vitaly Solomin, Leonid Filatov, Georgy Yumatov, Spartak Mishulin, Evgeny Dvorzhetsky and others
On June 15, 1987, the actor enters the stage of the Satire Theater that has become his home for the last time, on August 13 he gives a solo concert in Riga, and on August 14 he enters the stage of the Riga theater in the play Crazy Day, or The Marriage of Figaro. Before finishing the last scene, Andrei Mironov loses consciousness and dies two days later from a massive cerebral hemorrhage. On August 20, 1987, the famous actor was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery. The grave of Andrei Mironov has been one of the most frequently visited for many years.
Publication in the weekly "OUTSIDE THE LAW", December 22, 2008.
Secret - restrictions imposed on the availability of certain information, which are one of the essential features of power.
Social Psychology. Dictionary edited by M.Yu. Kondratiev
To break the legend or not to break?
"Don't touch the legend! Break the legend - there will be no people's love "- these are the words of the hero Oleg Pavlovich Tabakov - FSB General Simagin - from the television film "ESENIN". It is difficult to agree with the general: the people's love for Yesenin rests not on the "legend" of a brutal murder and not on an intrigue supported by the state and its institutions for decades. After all, then thousands of public figures, writers and poets who fell victims of injustice and political terrorism of that time would have fallen into the category of “hot favorites”. Love for Yesenin lives in his poetry - brilliant confessional lyrics and consonance with the views and soul of every reader. Although, of course, how the life of the poet, whose fame was already fantastic during his lifetime, was cut short, worries many of his fans to this day. The roots of this popular "restlessness" grow from the stubbornly kept secret of the death of the poet, from the incomprehensible desire of the authorities or certain persons to prevent the leakage of reliable information about what happened by any means. There are plenty of mysterious moments that make up the secret of Yesenin's death. But there is no objective explanation for any of them.
The first riddle is mystical. Ghost number five
The body of S. A. Yesenin was found in the Fifth issue of Angleterre, and from that moment “miracles and adventures” begin, the explanations for which are difficult to find. To date, two photographs of the room's furnishings are known, taken by different photographers at the request of different "customers".
The first photograph is an image of the room, taken by the portrait painter Moses Nappelbaum on December 28, 1925, commissioned by the OGPU and the Leningrad interrogation authorities.
Photographer M. Nappelbaum. December 28, 1925
The second is an image of the room, taken by photographer Presnyakov in January 1926, commissioned by Yesenin's wife Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya.
Photographer Presnyakov. January 1926
The fifth room of the Angleterre Hotel
The photographic document, kept for many years in the archives of Sophia Tolstoy, is viewed from this perspective for the first time. When comparing the two photographs, we find a key difference: the steam heating pipes in Presnyakov's photograph are in the left corner of the room, and not in the right, as M. Nappelbaum's photograph shows us. However, this serves as yet another proof of the version already voiced on the pages of "Out of Law" about the deliberate forgery of the photograph and its mirror inversion.
If you look closely at the picture taken privately for Sofya Andreevna, you can immediately see something that even venerable criminologists did not undertake to explain. Do you already understand what I'm talking about?
The photographer (or perhaps someone else?) hand-drawn frills (or ruffles) in the window opening, depicting parted curtains. The frills are drawn by hand drawing numerous strokes crosswise. The home-made origin of these "ruffles" is beyond doubt. But the purpose for which they were made is completely incomprehensible. After all, the real curtain has not gone anywhere, its tails are clearly visible in the photograph.
In order to understand the goals and motives of such painting, we decided to return the photograph to its original form, that is, to erase the elements of extraneous interference. An attempt to remove the artificial strokes resulted in the silhouette of a human figure in the window opening: In principle, this figure can be "guessed" without erasing the dashes using a graphics program. It is enough to abstract and look “above” the strokes at what they mask. What does a silhouette mean and what does it represent - someone's erased image or an artificially created outline of a human figure?
The photograph, it seems to us, points to something, the symbol of which is the figure “standing” on the windowsill. Forensic photography experts who saw the image were unable to provide any explanation. Appeals to parapsychologists and psychics led to the opinion that this is a real phantom. “The souls of people forcibly killed do not soon leave the places of their death. The soul of a person who died here could appear in the photograph, ”psychic Svetlana N. expressed her point of view.
Be that as it may, it will not be possible to dismiss the fact of a strange image - the photograph was taken especially for the wife of Sergei Yesenin, who devoted her whole life to preserving the poet's legacy and collecting materials to perpetuate his memory. One thing can be said with certainty: the illuminated silhouette in the window, camouflaged with a ruffled canvas, could not be a banal "defect" of printing or a mistake by a photographer. In this case, the demanding Tolstaya would have ordered a second shot. Photography did not just suit her, she carefully kept it all her life. Did Sofya Andreevna understand the meaning of the depicted silhouette?.. Did she know the meaning of the figure in the window?.. Most likely she did. After all, it was she who needed this photograph - a close person who loves, seeks and strives to know the truth.
Riddle Two - documentary. Those strange torn pieces of paper
The documentary side of the matter is in such a deplorable state that a conviction arises: the documents were preserved not “thanks to”, but “despite” the conditions created. For the first time, the documents of the “Official case on the suicide of S. A. Yesenin” were shown to the general public during the work of the Commission of the All-Russian Yesenin Writers' Committee to clarify the circumstances of the death of the poet under the leadership of Yu. L. Prokushev. Later they were published in the final book - “The Death of Sergei Yesenin. The documents. Data. Versions". The documents were considered from the point of view of the presence of direct evidence of suicide in them, but for some reason no one asked a simple question: what are these strange pieces of paper? .. Why are they all torn and cut? do supporters of the official version seriously rely on, is not written on the letterhead of the institution that is responsible for the objectivity and reliability of the data indicated in them? ..
For example: The act of finding a body in the Angleterre hotel, compiled by the district warden of the 2nd department of the Leningrad police Nikolai Gorbov.
A sheet of yellow-gray paper without a hint of the details of the police in general and the 2nd department of the Leningrad police in particular. Has damage on the bottom. Just in the place where witnesses put their signatures. The torn edges had been trimmed with scissors by someone.
The second example: The act of autopsy, drawn up by forensic medical expert Alexander Grigorievich Gilyarevsky on December 29, 1925.
For this forensic document, the details of the institution on the basis of which the examination was carried out also turned out to be superfluous. No registration data, no number or any other administrative information was found.
The entire bottom fragment of the sheet seemed superfluous to someone, where witnesses who were present at the autopsy of the poet's body should be indicated. The shape of the damage completely coincides with the shape of the torn-out fragment of the Act of N. Gorbov. The second sheet of the Act of the autopsy of the body of S. A. Yesenin, containing the main part of the document - the Conclusion - suffered even more abuse - they simply cut off half of the sheet from it. Was paper that bad? Or was the information contained in it not even intended to be kept secret?
The remaining, no less important, documents of the case - the Protocols of the interrogation of Wolf Erlich, Georgy Ustinov, Elizaveta Ustinova, Vasily Nazarov - are damaged in an identical way: at the bottom of the sheet there is no central fragment, which is identical in shape to what we see in the photographs. Who, when, for what purpose and under what circumstances allowed himself to handle the documents of the investigation in this way - remains a mystery.
And the main "chronicler of events" on the discovery in the hotel room of the "writer who came from Moscow" - 40-year-old district warden N. Gorbov - these sad events knocked down so much that he began to change his handwriting depending on the document. For example, in his Act, he decided to sign like this: And in the Records of the Interrogation of Witnesses, he had already become so adept at calligraphic delights that the handwriting became swift and flying like that of a real clerk:
Signature of N. Gorbov in the Minutes of the Interrogation of Vasily Nazarov, Commandant of the Angleterre Hotel
Signature of N. Gorbov under the Protocol of the interview of Wolf Ehrlich
I’ll note right away that no one has conducted a handwriting examination at the official level. Apparently, they did not see the point in this process. Perhaps there is nothing criminal in the fact that everyone who knew how to write signed for Nikolai Gorbov. In the end, the district warden went away for five minutes for some reason - why now the ink dries? .. The first one came up and "waved". It's not scary. The scary thing is that the whole country has been forced to BELIEVE these torn scribbles and falsified shreds for 83 years.
Could and can such "leaves" be official documents on the basis of which decisions of executive bodies are made?.. Is it possible that on the basis of these "leaves" the poet's relatives were denied the right to order prayers in an Orthodox church?.. The poet's mother Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenina, a primordially believing person, she expressed her attitude to the death of her son by not allowing for a minute the thought of the impossibility or sinfulness of performing Orthodox rites for the murdered Sergius. In the church of the village of Konstantinovo, a prayer service was served for Sergei Yesenin, as it was supposed to according to Orthodox tradition. Moreover, there is information that the poet was buried both in Leningrad and in Moscow. There is something to think about.
The third riddle is otherworldly. "Crucify him!.."
Millions of people from all over the world visit the grave of S. A. Yesenin at the Vagankovsky cemetery. People with a bow go to honor the memory of the poet. This has been the case since the very first days of 1926 and continues to this day. But do these actions of worshiping the ashes have a hidden meaning if the ashes of the poet are not in the grave?
Svetlana Petrovna Yesenina, the poet's niece, is today the only witness to the funeral of Sergei Alexandrovich's mother, Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenina. Her memories should and can serve as the most important reason for launching an official investigation.
- My grandmother, Tatyana Fedorovna, died on July 03, 1955, - says Svetlana Petrovna, - It was a real blow to our entire family. The first loss of a loved one in my life. All the events that followed the grandmother's death, and the funeral itself, were deposited in the memory in the smallest detail. Tatyana Fedorovna was buried next to her son. But I remember quite clearly that on the left, a little higher than her coffin, was someone's yellow-orange coffin with white stains and white ruffles. He was still in very good condition.
At whose grave is the mother of S. A. Yesenin? ..
1947 Vagansky. Photo from the archive of S. P. Yesenina.
Published for the first time.
This is not the only evidence that the burial of Sergei Yesenin was subjected to blasphemous interference. The poet's relatives keep a video recording of Margarita Vasilievna Alkhimova's story, from which it follows that the poet's remains were disturbed on the very first night after burial. In 1983, she recorded the story of a man who, in the 1920s, worked as a driver in the OGPU and was a direct participant in these events as part of an entire brigade. “We took out Yesenin's coffin and handed it over to another group, which took it deep into the cemetery. And they themselves remained to put the grave in order. Fear prevented the man from telling earlier about the circumstances of that night. But conscience did not allow me to take the secret with me.
In that distant 1926, there was a cross on the grave of the poet, which we see in the photograph. its creator is unknown, but he certainly gave his creation an easy-to-read semantic load.
Grave of S. A. Yesenin, 1926.
Photo from the family archive of S. P. Yesenina.
Published for the first time
The figure of the crucified Christ is painfully unusual: a short haircut, curly hair, Yesenin's bangs. Field flowers complete the image instead of blackthorn in a wreath and underfoot. Wildflowers as a symbol of Russia. Before us is a barbarously murdered poet, a martyr. The artist seemed to want to say: here lies the ashes of an unjustly ruined soul, a tortured man crucified by brutal murderers.
This cross did not last long. The authorities hurried to replace it with a less significant one, devoid of semantic overtones. In total, four crosses were replaced on the grave of Sergei Yesenin. And only in 1950 was a bronze bas-relief from the Union of Writers of the USSR, made by sculptor L. M. Belokurov, installed. In 1986, it was replaced by a monument to the sculptor A. Bichukov, known for his reverent attitude towards Sergei Yesenin. However, there were some oddities here too ... The entire area around the Yeseninsky complex was poured with concrete. The concrete pillow, going deeper than 1 meter, according to the authorities, was supposed to serve as a fortification for a very small monument.
The fourth riddle is psychological. Let's be afraid together!
"Well ... Yesenin is a difficult question ..." - some officials say.
"What do you want? Yesenin is a political figure,” others say.
"Oh, leave it alone! You won't achieve anything anyway!" - thirds wave their hands.
And the fourth, moving to a whisper and rounding their eyes, hiss: “Do you want problems?”
One gets the impression that not only the complex on Vagankovo is flooded with a concrete pillow, but everything connected with the name of the brilliant singer of Russia. The taboo subject of the death of Sergei Yesenin leads to flawed coverage of his life and work, not only in the media, but also in school and university programs. In the regime of the totalitarian Stalinist state, such “silence figures” were quite understandable. But in our age of revealing the truth about the bloody moloch of repression, the unmovable secret around the name of Yesenin looks at least strange. Attempts by journalists, directors, actors, artists, and most importantly, Sergei Alexandrovich's relatives and friends to bring the topic of the poet's life and work to television discussion, at best, run into censorship and flawed coverage.
A similar fate was awarded to the television film "ESENIN", based on the novel by Vitaly Bezrukov, by the production center of Channel One in 2005. According to the leading actor Sergei Bezrukov, they, as the authors of the project, faced the requirement to cut the footage by several hours, leaving only the detective part of the film for airing. An even more tragic fate befell the best documentary film about Yesenin “My dears! Good ones!" director Vladimir Parshikov, who was awarded the Grand Prix of the Governor of the Ryazan Region at the Crystal Crane Press Festival and won the title of Laureate of the Victor Rozov National Prize with a golden rose. This film, which contains unique archival materials and original documents, is not accepted by federal channels for display.
Not so long ago, the “Battle of Psychics” program, released on the TNT channel, which was prepared with the direct participation of the poet’s niece Svetlana Petrovna Yesenina and promised to be a real revelation for the poet’s fans, was unexpectedly turned into a 10-minute cut, which is the result of the censors’ activities, and not the creative team of the program. Being a participant and witness to the events taking place on the set, Svetlana Petrovna confirms that seven out of nine psychics came to the conclusion about the poet's murder. And thanks to sophisticated editing, TNT viewers did not clearly hear the version of the violent death from any of the psychics.
Whether there are some special instructions “according to Yesenin” or whether the channel managers are guided by their own “subtle sense of danger” - we cannot guess this. We only see the result. Or rather, its absence.
The fifth riddle is democratic. State of legal nihilism...
For many years, Svetlana Petrovna Yesenina and her associates have been dealing with the subject of the death of the poet. Over the years, hundreds of instances have been passed by this fragile-looking woman, dozens of documents and letters have been written. Hope came and went. Powerful officials changed, promises changed, tactics and recommendations changed, but the main thing did not happen.
“Our first appeals to the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation,” says Svetlana Petrovna, “we started with E. A. Khlystalov and the historian-archivist A. S. Prokopenko, who took part in the disclosure of the Katyn case. Later we were joined by documentary filmmaker Vladimir Parshikov and artist Sergey Bezrukov. The purpose of our actions is not to find the perpetrators of the crime. Behind the prescription of years, it makes no sense to seek out and name the names of those who have long gone to another world. We, the poet's relatives, want only one thing: an objective investigation into the circumstances of the poet's death. We only want to remove the stigma of "suicide hangman" from S. A. Yesenin. We want his moral rehabilitation in the eyes of the Russian and world community.”
Relatives to their appeal to President V.V. Putin, drawn up in May 2005, received no response.
Svetlana Petrovna is absolutely right, believing that there is still someone to fight for Yesenin. In addition to the poet’s relatives, there are people who are not indifferent to the “Yesenin case” and to how the poet was “self-hanged” 83 years ago and continues to be “hanged” to this day.
The actions of the country's leadership at the moment are quite specifically aimed atcreation in Russia of "arbitrariness of the law". In the hope of this, the Yesenin family addressed their next request to President Dm. Medvedev. I would like to believe that the Law will be the same for everyone, the Russian national poet Sergei Yesenin will finally be in the field of view of the Law, and not those black spiteful critics who have been pursuing his bright name for decades.
