Every year, any conscript, going to the military registration and enlistment office, thinks about how long they are serving in the army. Before each regular call-up, persistent rumors about a change in the length of service are circulated. But such claims are not based on law. The service life is determined in accordance with the Russian constitution and legislative acts. So far, there is no reason to assert that a change in service life is planned.
According to the statement of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Vladimir Putin, during the direct line, the duration of service in 2017-2018 will not change. Also, according to the statement of the head of the Ministry of Defense, Sergei Shoigu, which was in 2012, no changes are planned in the draft terms.
How many serve now
According to the law, military service on conscription in 2017 in Russia lasts 1 year. Based on the data of the Ministry of Defense, the number of "conscripts" in 2018 will be 15% of the total number of all military personnel. Regarding the duration of military service in 2018, no changes are expected.
But it is also worth noting that conscription service has alternatives:
- Complete service in an alternate form.
- Get trained in the military department of the university.
- Immediately sign a contract and go to serve in the troops as a contract soldier.
Service in an alternative form (AGS)
A variant of service in the form of labor activity useful to society. The term of this type of service is 1.7 years. Citizens who have reached military age have the right to use this type of service. The basis for filing an application for the desire to pass is a contradiction to his beliefs and religion, as well as a few nationalities who adhere to a traditional way of life that is not consistent with military duty.
When determining the place of passage of the ACS, the education of the conscript, his medical diagnoses and his marital status are taken into account. Most often, those undergoing such service work in hospitals, boarding schools, at the post office, as workers in factories and libraries. Also, such military personnel can continue their education in correspondence and evening forms of education, in parallel with the passage of the ACS.
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Military department
The military department at the university makes it possible to receive military training in parallel with direct training. Training in all the subtleties of military service takes place simultaneously with basic studies. The training course within the framework of the military department takes about 450 hours.
In addition to the opportunity to replace military service on conscription, a student of the military department is awarded the title of reserve officer upon graduation, as well as the opportunity to master the skills of a military specialty in the chosen direction. But it is worth considering that not every university provides the opportunity to train at the military department. It is necessary to take a very serious approach to the choice of an educational institution and to training at the military department.
The military department is a serious place where they can be expelled for poor progress or absenteeism. In this case, you still have to go to the army after receiving a specialty at a university. Also, if the educational institution does not offer training at the military department, then you will have to go to serve after graduation from the university.
Signing a contract with the Ministry of Defense
Since 2017, the opportunity has been introduced to obtain the right to serve under a contract without the obligatory completion of military service.
The duration of service in this case is 2 years. This option of service can completely replace conscription service lasting 1 year.
What are the benefits of a contract service?
- The conscript enters into a contract with the Ministry of Defense that he voluntarily goes to serve under the contract. The recruit enters the job with the appropriate salary and benefits. But salaries begin to be paid after a probationary period of 3 months. How much is paid for the service depends on the specific part.
- Certain indulgences in the living and life of a contract soldier. Less restricted movement. Has the right to reside outside the territory of the military unit.
- Use of benefits provided by the Ministry of Defense for military personnel. Visits to medical institutions.
- mortgage programs. Military personnel are provided with housing with the possibility of paying a mortgage under a preferential program. Such military personnel pay contributions for living space at the expense of the state. Just keep in mind that not all military personnel fall under this program, but only those with certain ranks, as well as those who have graduated from military educational institutions.
Find out: How many conscripts serve in the army in Russia in 2018
The disadvantages of such a service include a great risk, since they can be sent to any point where military conflicts take place. Some military units have poor living conditions for contractors.
What changes in terms of service were before 2017
Since the moment Russia became a separate state, the length of service in the army began to change. Since 1993, they served in the ground forces for 1.5 years and 2 years in the navy. But in 1994, during the Chechen conflict, there was a need to increase the number of conscripts. However, the military registration and enlistment offices failed to recruit the required number, so the term of service in 1996 was increased to 2 years. In 1998, a new law on conscription was issued, signed by B. Yeltsin.
In pre-revolutionary Russia:
Until 1874, recruits (peasants and philistines) served in the army. At first, military service was indefinite; from 1793, the term of service was reduced to 25 years. Gradually, it decreased - and by the time of the military reform of 1874 it was already 7 years old.
After the reform, recruitment was replaced by universal military duty. The total service life in the ground forces was 15 years (directly in the service - 6 years, and the rest of the time - in reserve), the total service life in the fleet - 10 years (directly in the service - 7 years).
In 1906, the term of active soldier service was reduced to 3 years. Then, in August-December 1914, a general mobilization took place - in connection with the outbreak of the First World War.
After the revolution of 1917 and the civil war, a new army began to form in the new state.
IN THE USSR:
On the basis of various decrees and resolutions of the CEC, the term of service was changed several times until the law on compulsory military service was passed in 1925.
In the ground forces until the beginning of World War II, it was 2 years. In aviation: from 1925 to 1928 - 3 years, from 1928 to 1939 - 2 years, from 1939 to 1941 - again 3 years. He also varied in the fleet. So, from 1924 to 1928, it was necessary to serve 4 years, from 1928 to 1939 - 3 years, from 1939 - 5 years.
After the Great Patriotic War (with the beginning of which mobilization was again carried out), a new law on universal military duty was adopted already in 1949. In accordance with it, men were drafted into the ground forces and aviation for 3 years, into the navy - for 4 years.
In 1967, a new law on universal conscription was adopted, the service life was reduced and amounted to 2 years for those who were sent to the ground forces and aviation, and 3 years to the navy.
In modern Russia:
In 1993, the normative act that existed in the USSR was canceled - the law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service" came into force. Initially, the document reduced the service life to 18 months (i.e. 1.5 years), and in the fleet - to 2 years.
In 1996, in connection with the start of the Chechen campaign, a new law came into force, according to which the duration of service in the army and navy was equal - and amounted to 2 years.
In the early 2000s, preparations began in Russia for the separation of conscription and contract military service, and at the same time to reduce the conscription service from 2 years to 1 year. For the first time that the Russian leadership plans to reduce the term of military service on conscription, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced back in 2002.
The transition took place in stages: for example, young people who went into the army in the fall of 2007 had to serve 1.5 years. And since January 2008, the service life was 12 months - 1 year.
In November 2012, the media, following the statement of the chairman of the State Duma Committee on Defense, reported that the term of service in the Russian army would be revised again. So, according to the chairman of the committee, Vladimir Komoyedov, the optimal duration of service is one and a half years, and reducing the service to 1 year was a “political decision” and actually has a bad effect on the combat readiness of the army.
A source in the Kremlin almost immediately denied this, recalling the president's initiative to reduce the deadlines.
Article 38 The term of military service for military personnel undergoing military service by conscription or under a contract
1. The term of military service is established:
a) for military personnel who do not have the military rank of an officer and were called up for military service before January 1, 2007, with the exception of the military personnel specified in subparagraph "c" of this paragraph - 24 months;
b) for military personnel who do not have the military rank of an officer and are called up for military service from January 1 to December 31, 2007 inclusive, with the exception of the military personnel specified in subparagraph "c" of this paragraph - 18 months;
c) for military personnel who have received higher education according to state-accredited educational programs, who do not have the military rank of officer and who were called up for military service before January 1, 2008 - 12 months;
d) for military personnel with the military rank of officer and called up for military service before January 1, 2008 - 24 months;
f) for servicemen undergoing military service under a contract - in accordance with a contract for military service.
3. The first contract for military service is:
a) with a conscripted military serviceman or another citizen entering military service in a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of a soldier, sailor, sergeant, foreman - for two years or for three years at the choice of a citizen;
b) with a foreign citizen entering military service in a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of a soldier, sailor, sergeant, foreman - for five years;
c) with a conscripted military serviceman or another citizen entering military service in a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of warrant officer, midshipman or officer, with the exception of the citizens specified in subparagraph "e" of this paragraph - on five years;
d) with a soldier studying in:
military educational organization of higher education under the educational program of higher education, - for the period of development of the specified educational program and five years of military service after receiving higher education;
a military professional educational organization or a military educational organization of higher education under the training program for a mid-level specialist - for the period of mastering the specified educational program and three years of military service after receiving secondary vocational education, and in cases established by the Regulations
e) with a citizen who has completed a military training program at a military training center at a federal state educational organization of higher education and enters military service immediately after graduation from the specified educational organization for a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of officer - for three years, or five years.
4. The first contract for military service for a shorter period may be concluded with a military serviceman undergoing military service on conscription, provided that the total duration of his military service on conscription and under the first contract is two years, three years or five years in accordance with subparagraphs "a" and "c" of paragraph 3 of this article.
With a military conscript who has expressed a desire to enter military service under a contract during a period of emergency (liquidation of the consequences of natural disasters, implementation of measures of a state of emergency, restoration of constitutional order and other emergencies), or to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security, or the suppression of international terrorist activities outside the territory of the Russian Federation, or for participation in ship cruises, not earlier than one month before the expiration of the term of military service, a contract for military service for a period of up to one year may be concluded.
5. A new military service contract is concluded with:
a) a military serviceman who is a citizen, with the exception of a military serviceman specified in subparagraph "b" or "c" of this paragraph - for a period of one year, three years, five years, ten years or for an indefinite period (until the age limit for military service service);
b) military personnel who is a citizen and enrolled in:
a military educational organization of higher education for training in an educational program of higher education or for preparing a dissertation for the degree of candidate of science or doctor of science, - for the period of mastering the specified educational program or for the time of preparing and defending a dissertation for the degree of candidate of science or doctor of science and five years of military service after receiving higher education or defending a dissertation for the degree of candidate of science or doctor of science;
a military professional educational organization or a military educational organization of higher education for training in an educational program for training a mid-level specialist, - for the period of mastering the specified educational program and three years of military service after receiving secondary vocational education, and in cases established by the Regulations on the procedure for military service, - for the period of mastering the specified educational program and five years of military service after receiving secondary vocational education;
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 159-FZ of June 23, 2014 supplemented paragraph 5 of Article 38 of this Federal Law with subparagraph "c", which shall enter into force on September 30, 2014.
c) a military serviceman who is a citizen and has reached the age limit for military service - for a period of one year, three years, five years, ten years or a shorter period.
5.1. After the expiration of the first contract, military personnel who are foreign citizens are dismissed from military service on the grounds and in the manner determined by this Federal Law and the Regulations on the Procedure for Performing Military Service.
6. A military service contract may be concluded with a serviceman for a shorter period - until the age limit for his military service.
7. With a citizen who is in reserve and has expressed a desire to enter military service under a contract during a period of emergency (liquidation of the consequences of natural disasters, implementation of measures of a state of emergency, restoration of constitutional order and other emergencies), or to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security, or the suppression of international terrorist activities outside the territory of the Russian Federation, or for participation in ship cruises, a contract for military service for a period of up to one year may be concluded.
9. Servicemen who have an academic degree and have reached the age limit for military service are given a preferential right when concluding a contract with them for military service in the manner established by paragraph 3 of Article 49 of this Federal Law.
The beginning of military service is considered:
for citizens who are not in the reserve, do not have military ranks and are called up for military service - the day the military rank of private is awarded;
the third paragraph became invalid from January 1, 2010;
the fourth paragraph became invalid from January 1, 2010;
for citizens who are not in the reserve, have military ranks and are called up for military service - the date of issuance of the order of the military commissar of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation on sending them to the place of military service;
for citizens (foreign citizens) who entered military service under a contract - the day the contract for military service comes into force;
for citizens who have not completed military service or who have completed military service earlier and entered military professional educational organizations or military educational organizations of higher education, the date of enrollment in these educational organizations.
11. The end of military service is the date of exclusion of a serviceman from the lists of personnel of a military unit.
A serviceman must be excluded from the lists of personnel of a military unit on the day of the expiration of his military service, unless:
the serviceman is on inpatient treatment;
a female soldier is on maternity leave or parental leave;
a conscripted military serviceman, at his request, remains in the military unit until the day of dispatch of the vehicle carrying out individual or organized transportation of military personnel being transferred to the reserve;
According to the current legislation, military service takes place within a period specified by law. The term "term" has two meanings. So called either a certain period of time, or a certain moment. In military service relations, the corresponding concept is used in both senses. For example, the terms of military service of servicemen called up for military service are calculated in months - a certain period, and the day a citizen acquires the status of a serviceman, i.e. the date of the beginning of military service is a certain moment.
The term is usually associated with the emergence, change or termination of military-service legal relations. The term of military service is the time during which the military service relationship is valid.
For military personnel called up for military service, the duration of military service is imperatively determined by the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service". The term of military service of servicemen undergoing military service under a contract is determined by the period specified in the contract for military service (contract term).
Unlike civil, civil procedural and other branches of law, in which terms are determined by the calculation of a period of time and a calendar date, the term of military service is established only by the expiration of a period of time calculated in years, months, days.
The term of military service is established:
For conscripted military personnel - 12 months;
For military personnel who graduated from state, municipal or state accredited in the relevant areas of training (specialties) non-state educational institutions of higher professional education, undergoing military service on conscription - 12 months;
For military personnel with the military rank of officer and called up for military service - 12 months;
For conscripted military personnel, one day of participation in hostilities or performance of tasks in armed conflicts, as well as one day of stay in medical institutions due to injuries, contusions, injuries or diseases received during participation in these actions or conflicts, is counted for two days of military service on conscription.
The period of military service does not count:
Time of stay in a disciplinary military unit and the time of serving a disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest;
The time of unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or place of military service, regardless of the reasons for abandonment, lasting more than 10 days.
For a serviceman released from a disciplinary military unit, subject to his impeccable military service, the time spent in a disciplinary military unit may be included in the term of his military service in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for military service.
Calculation of terms of military service. The specifics of military service relations determined the peculiarities of the calculation of terms. From the moment the term of military service begins, a citizen becomes a serviceman with a special legal status inherent in him, i.e. he acquires rights and duties, and responsibility is placed on him.
Unlike civil legislation (Article 191 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), which establishes that the course of a period determined by a period of time begins on the day following the onset of a calendar date or a corresponding event, the course of military service begins at 00:00 hours on the corresponding day ( for example, the day the contract comes into force, the day of departure to the place of military service, etc.).
The beginning of the period of military service is considered:
a) for citizens called up for military service who were not in the reserve - the day of departure from the military commissariat of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation to the place of military service;
b) for citizens who entered military service under a contract - the day the contract comes into force;
c) for citizens enrolled in military educational institutions and who have not completed military service or who have completed military service earlier - the day of enrollment in these educational institutions.
The regulation on the procedure for passing military service (clause 3, article 3) establishes special rules for determining the moment of expiration of military service.
The term of military service expires for conscripted military servicemen on the corresponding date of the last month of the term of military service by conscription.
In cases where the expiration of the period of military service falls on a month in which there is no corresponding date, the specified period expires on the last day of this month. So, taking into account the fact that in March there are 31 days, and in September 30 days, the period started on March 31 will end on September 30.
Military legislation as applied to military service relations does not provide for the calculation of terms in weeks, days and hours, as well as special rules in relation to cases where the expiration of terms falls on non-working days.
The end of military service is the date of exclusion of the serviceman from the lists of personnel of the military unit.
A serviceman must be excluded from the lists of personnel of a military unit on the day of the expiration of his military service, unless:
The soldier is on inpatient treatment;
A female soldier is on maternity leave or parental leave;
A conscripted military serviceman, at his request, remains in the military unit until the day the vehicle is dispatched, carrying out individual or organized transportation of military personnel transferred to the reserve;
The soldier participates in the campaigns of ships;
A soldier is in captivity, in the position of a hostage or an internee;
A serviceman is missing without a trace - until he is declared missing in the manner prescribed by law or declared dead;
The soldier is under investigation;
In other cases established by the Regulations on the procedure for passing military service Federal Law No. 53-FZ of March 28, 1998 “On military duty and military service” (as amended and supplemented, effective from May 19, 2013) // URL: http ://www.pravo.gov.ru (date of access: 03/24/2016).
The duration of the military service of a serviceman includes all terms of his military service, both on conscription and under a contract, including in cases of re-entry into military service.
The duration of military service is determined on a calendar basis.
In cases established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the duration of military service is determined on a preferential basis.
Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 6, 2006 “On Combating Terrorism” for military personnel of federal executive bodies serving (serving) in units directly engaged in (carrying out) the fight against terrorism, one day of service is counted in the length of service for assigning pensions for a day and a half, and during participation in an anti-terrorist operation - one day of service for three days, unless the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for a more preferential calculation of length of service (Article 23).
The terms of military service also include the duration of holidays granted to servicemen, which are legal facts (events) included in the content of military service.
In the cases specified by the above-mentioned Law, the terms of military service may be increased. So, the period of military service does not count:
a) the period of stay of a serviceman in a disciplinary military unit;
b) the time of serving the arrest by the convicted serviceman;
c) the time of serving a disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest;
d) the time of unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or place of military service lasting more than 10 days, regardless of the reasons Gimaev, I.R. Military service of the Russian Federation in the conditions of administrative reform: a textbook - 2nd ed., Sr. - M.: RAGS, 2011. - 301 p.
Thus, all male citizens are subject to conscription for military service between the ages of 18 and 27. From the moment of conscription and assignment of the first military rank, military service begins.
Military service is a process of changing the legal status of servicemen in connection with the occurrence of certain legal facts in the performance of military service from the moment it begins to its end, regulated by federal legislation, the Regulations on the procedure for performing military service, military regulations and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
All of the above testifies to the precise and clear legal regulation of conscription military service, from the moment the service begins to the moment it ends.
The procedure for conscription into the army in 2020 in the Russian Federation is regulated by the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 No. 53-FZ "On military duty and military service", as well as by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 11, 2006 No. 663 "On approval of the Regulations on conscription for military service citizens of the Russian Federation".
Citizens who are exempted from the performance of military duty, conscription for military service, and citizens who are not subject to conscription for military service are also not called up for military service.
The decision to call up citizens for military service can be taken only after they reach the age of 18 full years. Persons over 27 years of age are not subject to conscription. If, upon reaching the age of 27, a citizen had the right to a deferment and did not serve, then he is issued a military ID.
Terms of spring and autumn conscription into the army
You can only be drafted into the army during the terms of conscription. The call is carried out twice a year (spring and autumn calls) on the basis of the relevant decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, which indicate the dates (dates) of the start of the call and when the call ends.
Spring conscription - starts on April 01 and lasts until July 15.
For example, in 2018, the spring conscription was established by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the conscription in April - July 2018 of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service and on the dismissal from military service of citizens undergoing military service."
In 2019, in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian FederationThe spring conscription also took place from April 01 to July 15.
The term of the spring conscription in the army in 2020 is from April 01 to July 15, 2020.
Autumn conscription - runs from 01 October to 31 December.
The autumn call is also established by Decrees by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation.
The deadline for the autumn conscription in the army in 2020 is from October 01 to December 31, 2020.
There are exceptions to the general recruitment periods:
- Citizens living in certain regions of the Far North or certain areas equated to regions of the Far North are called up for military service during the spring draft from May 1 to July 15 or during the autumn draft from November 1 to December 31.
- citizens living in rural areas and directly engaged in sowing and harvesting work can be called up for military service from October 15 to December 31;
- citizens who are teaching staff of educational organizations are called up for military service from May 1 to July 15.
Military service in 2020
The term of military service is established by Article 38 of the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service".
Until 2008, the term of service in the army was two years. In 2006, the legislation on military service was amended and the time of service in the army was reduced to 12 months.
For example, for military personnel who do not have the military rank of an officer and were called up for military service before January 1, 2007, the term of service was 24 months.
For military personnel called up for military service after January 1, 2008, regardless of whether the conscript has a higher education or not, the term of service in the army is 12 months.
For servicemen undergoing military service under a contract, the term of military service is established in accordance with the contract for military service.
Some people say that they will soon increase the term of service in the army and in 2020 or 2021 it will be necessary to serve 2 years. We hasten to reassure future conscripts. While this information is not confirmed and is a rumor. The draft law on increasing the term of service in the army has not been submitted to the State Duma of the Russian Federation for consideration.
New rules for receiving a subpoena. Conscripts who have not received a summons will be required to independently appear at the military registration and enlistment office. This bill was passed in 2019.The former method of notifying citizens - serving subpoenas against receipt - has been preserved. However, a new method has also been introduced - it is proposed to send summonses by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt to the address indicated in the military registration documents.
Failure to appear on the agenda provides for administrative and criminal liability.
Medical commission in the military registration and enlistment office
Before joining the army, conscripts are subject to a mandatory medical examination. Citizens are summoned to events related to conscription for military service, including to undergo a medical examination, by subpoenas of the military commissariat.
All conscripts are subject to a call for a medical examination and a meeting of the draft commission, except for those who have a deferment from conscription.
The draft commission makes a decision regarding the conscript only after determining the category of his fitness for military service.
Based on the results of a medical examination, doctors give an opinion on the suitability of a citizen for military service in the following categories:
- A - fit for military service;
- B - fit for military service with minor restrictions;
- B - limited fit for military service;
- G - temporarily unfit for military service;
- D - not fit for military service.
If it is impossible to give a medical opinion on the suitability of the conscript for military service on the spot, the conscript, by decision of the conscription commission or the head of the (municipal) department, is sent for an outpatient or inpatient medical examination at a medical institution, after which he is assigned to appear for a second medical examination and a meeting of the conscription commission with taking into account the expected date of completion of the said survey.
Read more about the procedure for passing a medical examination in the military registration and enlistment office in the article at the link.
Decisions of the draft board
When conscripted for military service, the conscription commission is responsible for organizing a medical examination of conscripts and making one of the following decisions regarding them:
- about conscription for military service;
- on assignment to alternative civilian service;
- on granting a deferment from conscription for military service;
- on exemption from conscription for military service;
- on enrollment in the reserve;
- for exemption from military service.
The decision of the draft commission in relation to each conscript on the same day is recorded in the minutes of the meeting of the draft commission, signed by the chairman of the draft commission and its members, as well as in the certificate of a citizen subject to conscription for military service, and the registration card of the recruit.
A draftee, in respect of whom a decision has been made to call for military service, is handed a summons to appear at the appointed time at the department (municipal) to be sent to the place of military service.
If there are grounds for deferment or release from service, the draft board shall decide on the release of the conscript from conscription for military service or on granting him a deferment from conscription for military service.
A conscript whose grounds for exemption from conscription for military service have been lost or the terms of the deferment granted to him from conscription for military service have expired is subject to conscription for military service. If the conscript did not complete military service in connection with the granting of a deferment from conscription for military service or was not called up for military service for any other reason, upon reaching the age of 27 years, he is removed from the military register of citizens subject to conscription for military service and not in stock.
Distribution to serve in the army
The decision to recruit a conscript into the army in the form, branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies for military service in military specialties in military positions is taken by the draft commission by a majority of votes based on the results of a medical examination, data from professional psychological selection , educational and special (professional) training, as well as the proposal of the head of the (municipal) department on the preliminary assignment of the conscript. This also takes into account the need for the accumulation of military specialists in reserve for manning troops according to the mobilization plan.
In order to ensure the organized dispatch of citizens called up for military service to the place of military service, the formation of military echelons (teams) and their transfer to representatives of military units, territories and premises equipped with tools and medical equipment necessary for medical examination and control medical examination, as well as equipment and material and technical means necessary for carrying out activities for the professional psychological selection of recruits (hereinafter referred to as the collection point). At the collection point, conscripts are provided with clothing and food. Here is the distribution of conscripts for service in the military units of Russia.
Prior to the departure of citizens called up for military service, from the assembly point to the place of military service, by order of the military commissar, they are assigned the military rank of private, as appropriate entries are made in the military ID and service record.
Prepared by "Personal rights.ru"
