Articles in miller's f. Vsevolod Fedorovich Miller: biography

He received his secondary education at the boarding house of Ennes (1859-1865). After graduating from the boarding school in 1865, V.F. Miller entered the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University.

In 1870 V.F. Miller was retained at the University to prepare for a professorship in Comparative Linguistics and Sanskrit; taught at the 4th Moscow gymnasium. Miller Vsevolod Fedorovich]. In 1874 he was sent to Germany for a more in-depth study of Sanskrit and the ancient history of the East. Additionally, I was in Prague, where I studied the Czech language. In 1876 he returned to Moscow; on March 5, 1877, he was approved with the rank of associate professor and began teaching in the fall: he taught courses on the history of the East, the history of Russian literature, and taught Sanskrit.

Since 1877, he taught the history of the Russian language and ancient Russian literature at the higher women's courses for Guerrier. In the same year he published the book "A Look at the Word about Igor's Campaign".

Having become interested in the history and culture of the peoples of the Caucasus, in particular the Ossetians, V.F. Miller made five trips to Ossetia (1879, 1880, 1881, 1883, 1886), which resulted in the publication of 2 volumes of "Ossetian Etudes" (1881-82), which made up his thesis for a doctorate degree. (The 3rd part of "Ossetian Etudes", awarded the Big Gold Medal of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, was published in 1887).

In 1882, V. F. Miller was approved as an extraordinary professor, and in 1884 - an ordinary professor at Moscow University. From 1897 to 1911 he lectured and headed the Lazarevsky Institute of Oriental Languages.

From December 5, 1898 - Corresponding Member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the Department of the Russian Language and Literature. After being elected on February 5, 1911 as an ordinary academician V.F. Miller moved to live in St. Petersburg. Here, in addition to participating in the works of the Academy, he was a teacher of the history of literature at the Women's Pedagogical Institute.

Study of the Ossetian language and folklore

VF Miller made five trips to Ossetia, during which he studied the language, life and beliefs of Ossetians, collected folklore. The result of these trips was a series of works "Ossetian Etudes".

The first part, "Ossetian Texts" (Moscow, 1881), contains folklore texts in Ossetian with Russian translations and commentaries. In particular, several Nart legends have been published (“How Batraz was born”, “How Khamyts, Batrazov’s father was killed”, “Exiled and Uryzmag”, etc.).

Part two, "Research" (Moscow, 1882) includes phonetics and a detailed grammar of the Ossetian language, as well as a separate chapter on the religious beliefs of the Ossetians.

Part three, "Research" (Moscow, 1887), dedicated to Ossetian scholar Maxim Kovalevsky, contains the results of historical and ethnographic research. This volume contains, in particular, a description of the territory inhabited by Ossetians, evidence of the northern (steppe) origin of the Ossetians, excursions about the Scythians, Sarmatians and Alans. The book also includes samples of the "South Ossetian dialect", a selection of Digor and Iron proverbs and other materials.

Ossetian texts in the books of the Ossetian Etudes series were published in a special transcription based on the Cyrillic alphabet, but differing from the then used Ossetian alphabet in the direction of greater accuracy.

Monuments and memorable places

  • Miller Street in the historical center of Vladikavkaz, runs parallel to Prospekt Mira from the Philharmonic to the Russian Drama Theatre. Former names - Gymnazicheskaya Street and Sovetov Street.

Well-known Russian linguist and orientalist (born in 1846); Christian; was the director of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages ​​in Moscow; now is an academician of St. Petersburg. academy of sciences. Of his many works, we note: "Echoes of the Apocrypha in the Caucasian folk tales" (Journal of the Min. People's Education, 1893); "An essay on the origin of the Caucasian Jews" (Antiquities East, 1889, pp. 16 et seq.); "Materials for the study of the Jewish-Tat language" - texts, a dictionary with an introduction about the history and origin of the Mountain Jews, a general description of their spoken language (Tat) and determining its place among the New Persian dialects (St. Petersburg, 1892).

(Heb. enc.)

Miller, Vsevolod Fyodorovich

An outstanding researcher of the Russian epic epic, the head of the so-called. "historical school" in Russian folklore. Professor, from 1911 - academician.

M. distinguished by the diversity and breadth of scientific interests: he was a linguist, orientalist, ethnographer and folklorist. However, Miller's main scientific interests revolved around questions of folklore. In his 3-volume Essays on Russian Folk Literature (Moscow, 1897, 1910, 1924), M. studied in detail the geographical distribution of epics ( cm.), linking it with the colonization movement of the population; made a general summary of information about the living epic tradition in the north, proving the inheritance by peasant storytellers of the art of medieval professional composers and performers of epics - buffoons; gave a talented analysis of the technical methods of adding epics (the first 3 essays of the first volume of Essays on Russian Folk Literature. All other articles of the Essays are devoted to the history of individual epic stories). He subjected to a comparative analysis all the old and new texts of the epics, removing the later "layers", trying to recreate the "prototype" of the epics. The main tasks pursued by M. boil down mainly to solving questions: where, when, on the basis of what historical facts and under what poetic influences (oral and written, Russian and foreign) this or that epic was formed. In solving all these problems, M. used the analysis of the names and geographical names mentioned in the epic, revealing historical persons, places and events behind the distortions of folk etymology, widely drawing on the evidence of chronicles, historical and literary monuments for comparison.

Towards the end of his career, M. more and more inclined to think that the era of the greatest flowering and finalization of epics in the form we know them was the Moscow era of the 15th - 16th centuries. M.'s students (A. V. Markov, S. K. Shambinago, H. M. Mendelson, B. M. Sokolov and others) continued to search for M. with different variations and shades in the same direction.

"Historical school" M. until recently occupied a dominant position in Russian folklore. In recent years, in the light of Marxist criticism, the mistakes of the methodological and theoretical attitudes of M. and his school have clearly come out. M.'s indisputable merit is the search for more solid real historical foundations in comparison with the purely comparative school, to which M. himself paid tribute at one time ("Excursions into the area of ​​the Russian folk epic", 1892). However, this does not relieve the method of M. from a number of important organic shortcomings. In the field of causality, he does not go further than the theory of "environment", not only not taking steps forward in comparison with the cultural-historical school, but also retreating in comparison with it to the position of self-sufficing historicism. It is in this spirit that he establishes the conditionality of plot schemes by one or another historical fact. Being extremely little interested in social relations (not to mention the concrete disclosure of the class ideology that formed the basis of the folklore fact), M. is often limited to finding individual prototypes, etc.

M. as the most gifted representative of folklore of the late XIX - early XX centuries. in his research movement, he went through and clearly reflected in his works the two most important stages of science in pre-revolutionary Russia - the comparative and historical schools, which were indicators (in this ideological sector) of the growth and strengthening of the Russian industrial bourgeoisie. The comparative theory was conditioned by the colonial policy of industrial capital, the historical school - by the consolidation of national great-power positions ( cm."Methods of pre-Marxist literary criticism" and " Folklore").

Bibliography: I. Ossetian studies, part 1, M., 1881; part 2, M., 1882; part 3, M., 1887; Excursions to the area of ​​the Russian folk epic, M., 1892; Materials for the study of the Jewish-Tat language, St. Petersburg, 1892; Russian epics of old and new records, ed. V. F. Miller and N. S. Tikhonravov. Moscow, 1894. Essay on the phonetics of the Jewish-Tat dialect, M., 1900; Essay on the morphology of the Jewish-Tat language, M., 1901; Tatskie etudes, 2 hours, M., 1905 and 1907; Epics of a new and recent recording, M., 1908 (together with E. N. Eleonskaya); Historical songs of the Russian people of the 16th - 18th centuries, 1915 (posthumous edition).

II. Pypin A. N., History of Russian ethnography, vol. II, St. Petersburg, 1891; Loboda A., Russian epic epic, Kyiv, 1896; Skaftymov A.N., Poetics and genesis of epics, Saratov, 1924; Materials for the biographical dictionary of full members of the Imp. Academy of Sciences, part 2, P., 1917 (with a list of M.'s works); "Ethnographic review", book. XCVIII - ХСІХ, dedicated to the memory of V.F. Miller (1913, No. 3-4); Shakhmatov A. A., Miller V. F., "Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences", 1914, No. 2; Sternberg, V. F. Miller as an ethnographer, Living Antiquity, 1913; Sokolov B. M., Ak. VF Miller as a researcher of the Russian epic epic (ibid.); Speransky M. N., V. F. Miller, 1914 ("Report of the Moscow University", part 1, 1913, with a list of M.'s works); Eleonskaya E. N., V. F. Miller, "ZhMNP", 1914, No. 2; Mapkov A. V., Review of the works of V. F. Miller on folk literature, "Izvestia of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences", vol. XIX, book. II, 1914; vol. XX, book. I, 1915; vol. XXI, book. I, 1916; Zeltser V. Z., Capitalism and Russian folklore, "Literature and Marxism", 1929, book. V; Sokolov B. M., On the historical and sociological study of epics, Sat. "In memory of P. N. Sakulin", M., 1931.

Y. Sokolov.

Great Definition

Incomplete definition ↓

Miller Vsevolod Fedorovich - one of the best researchers of Russian epic poetry (1846 - 1913), the main representative of the Moscow ethnographic school, the son of the poet F.B. Miller (see); studied at the Ennes boarding school, then at the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, even earlier independently began to study Sanskrit. At the university, he studied Italian and the history of Italian painting and classical art. He was left at the university in the department of comparative grammar. In 1871, for the practical study of the Lithuanian language, he, together with F.F. Fortunatov traveled to the Suwalki province, where he recorded more than 100 songs and up to 20 fairy tales (published in 1873 under the Izvestia of Moscow University). During a business trip abroad he published in Czech: ""Arijsky Mitra"" (in ""Casopis Mus."") and two articles in ""Zeitschr."" Kuhn´a. Having defended his master's thesis "Aswins-Dioscuri" (Moscow, 1876), he read Sanskrit and the ancient history of the East; taught the history of the Russian language and ancient Russian literature at the higher women's courses of Professor Guerrier. In 1877 he published a book: "" A look at the Word about Igor's regiment "". In 1877 and 1880, Miller published together with M.M. Kovalevsky ""Critical Review"". After a trip to the Caucasus, in 1879, Miller took up a comparative grammatical study of the Iranian languages ​​​​of the Caucasus and Caucasian ethnography. Having mastered the Ossetian language, in 1880 he went to the mountains of Ossetia and wrote down Ossetian legends and legends there. The result of the trip was the 1st part of "Ossetian Etudes" (Moscow, 1881), containing texts with Russian translation and notes. In 1882 he published the second part of "Ossetian Etudes", containing grammatical studies and a chapter on the religious beliefs of the Ossetians. Both parts constituted a doctoral thesis. In 1883 he made another trip to the Caucasus (description of the trip in the "Bulletin of Europe", 1884, No. 4). He was the chairman of the ethnographic department of the society of lovers of natural science, then, at one time, the president of the whole society; was the curator of the Dashkovsky ethnographic museum. He published 3 editions of the "Collection of Materials on Ethnography" (1885, 1887 and 1888) and 4 editions of the "Systematic Description of the Collections of the Dashkovo Ethnographic Museum" (1887 - 1895). In 1886, Miller carried out excavations in the Crimea and traveled for archaeological research to Chechnya, Ossetia and the mountain communities of Kabarda; The result of the trip was the 1st issue of "Materials on the Archeology of the Caucasus". On the same trip, Miller wrote down texts in the Tat dialect of the Mountain Jews; the texts make up the 1st part of "Jewish-Mountain Etudes", ed. Academy of Sciences under the title: "Materials for the study of the Jewish-Tat language" (1892). In 1887, the third part of "Ossetian Etudes" was published, containing a study on the history of the Ossetians and linguistic notes and materials. In 1892, Miller moved to the Department of Russian Language and Literature, leaving behind the teaching of Sanskrit. Since then, his numerous independent works have revolved mainly in the field of Russian epic epic. The main works, in addition to the above: "" On the comparative method of the author of the Origin of Russian epics "" (in "" Conversations of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature "", III, Moscow, 1871), "" The name of the Dnieper rapids by Konstantin Porphyrogenitus "" ("" Antiquities of the Moscow Archaeological Society "", 1887, vol. V), "" About the fierce beast of folk songs "" (ibid., vol. VII), "" Eastern and Western relatives of one Russian fairy tale "" ("" Proceedings of the Ethnographic Department of the Society of Lovers Natural sciences, etc. "", book IV, 1877), ""Le role du chien dans kes croyances mytholigiques"" (""Atti del VI congresso degli orientalisti"", Florensky, II), ""Notes on Verkovich's collection "" ("Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1877, No. 10), "" About the Bulgarian folk songs of Verkovich "" ("" Bulletin of Europe "", 1877), "" About Trajan and Bayan Words about Igor's regiment " "(" Journal of the Ministry of Public Education "", 1878, No. 12), "" Echoes of the Finnish epic in Russian "" (ibid., Part CCVI), "" Concerning one Lithuanian legends"" ("Antiquities", vol. VIII, 1880), ""Features of antiquity in the legends and life of Ossetians"" ("Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1882, No. 8), ""Caucasian legends about giants chained in the mountains "" (ibid., 1883, No. 1), reviews I - XX issue. ""Materials for the Study of the Localities and Tribes of the Caucasus"" (in the "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1883 - 1895, etc.), "Russian Maslenitsa and Western European Carnival" (Moscow, 1884), ""On the Question of Slavic alphabet"" ("Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1884, No. 3), "Remarks on the issue of the Huns people"" ("Proceedings of the Ethnographic Department", book VI, 1885), "" Caucasian legends "" (ibid.), "" Epigraphic traces of Iranism in the south of Russia "" ("" Journal of the Ministry of National Education "", 1886, No. 9), "" Archaeological exploration in Alushta and its environs "" ("" Antiquities "" , vol. XII, 1889), "Iranian echoes in the folk tales of the Caucasus" ("Ethnographic Review", 1889), "Caucasian legends about the Cyclopes"" ("Ethnographic Review", 1890), "" Materials for the history of epic stories"" (I - XVI "Ethnographic Review", 1890 - 1896), ""On the Sarmatian god Uatafarn"" ("Proceedings of the Eastern Committee of the Moscow Archaeological Society", vol. I, 1890), "Excursions into the area of ​​the Russian folk epos" (I - VIII, Moscow, 1892); articles on epics in the "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", "Russian Thought" and "Initiation" (these articles, along with some others, were included in Miller's book: "Essays on Russian Folk Poetry", 2 parts) : ""Funf ossetische Erzahlungen im Digorischem Dialecte"", hsgb. von Ws. Miller u. R.v. Stackelberg (St. Petersburg, 1891, published by the Academy of Sciences). The path that Miller followed, gradually moving from linguistics through ethnography to the study of monuments of folk poetry, cannot but be recognized as extremely rational. His desire to substantiate the conclusions on an accurate critical and philological study of the texts of epics, to determine the degree of participation of specialist singers and to trace the ethnographic and geographical distribution of our national epic led to positive historical and literary results in the study of the material, where until now specialists have revolved in the field of bold assumptions and interesting, but giving few positive conclusions parallels. His works on the study of the Caucasus brought a lot of light to this little developed area. In all, even the most specialized works of Miller, the presentation is distinguished by general accessibility and elegance. As the chief figure in the ethnographic department of a society of lovers of natural science, Miller managed to gather in it many well-trained and energetic young people, mainly from his students, who worked diligently in their offices in the winter, and usually went on expeditions (at their own expense) in the summer, always bringing valuable new material. A. Kirpichnikov (deceased).

MILLER VSEVOLOD FYODOROVYCH

Miller Vsevolod Fedorovich - one of the best researchers of Russian epic poetry (1846 - 1913), the main representative of the Moscow ethnographic school, the son of the poet F.B. Miller (see); studied at the Ennes boarding school, then at the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, even earlier independently began to study Sanskrit. At the university, he studied Italian and the history of Italian painting and classical art. He was left at the university in the department of comparative grammar. In 1871, for the practical study of the Lithuanian language, he, together with F.F. Fortunatov traveled to the Suwalki province, where he recorded more than 100 songs and up to 20 fairy tales (published in 1873 under the Izvestia of Moscow University). During a business trip abroad, he published in Czech: "Arijsky Mitra" (in "Casopis Mus.") and two articles in "Zeitschr." Kuhn "a. Having defended his master's thesis "Asvina-Dioscuri" (Moscow, 1876), he read Sanskrit and the ancient history of the East; taught the history of the Russian language and ancient Russian literature at the higher women's courses of Professor Guerrier. In 1877 he published a book: "A look at the Word about Igor's regiment". In 1877 and 1880, Miller, together with M.M. Kovalevsky, published "Critical Review". After a trip to the Caucasus, in 1879, Miller took up a comparative grammatical study of the Iranian languages ​​\u200b\u200bof the Caucasus and Caucasian ethnography. Having mastered the Ossetian language , he went to the mountains of Ossetia in 1880 and wrote down Ossetian legends and legends there.The result of the trip was the 1st part of "Ossetian Etudes" (Moscow, 1881), containing texts with Russian translation, and notes.In 1882 he published II part of "Ossetian Etudes", containing grammatical studies and a chapter on the religious beliefs of the Ossetians. Both parts amounted to a dissertation for the degree of doctor. In 1883, he made another trip to the Caucasus (a description of the trip in the "Bulletin of Euro py", 1884, ¦ 4). He was the chairman of the ethnographic department of the society of lovers of natural science, then, at one time, the president of the whole society; was the curator of the Dashkovsky ethnographic museum. He published 3 editions of the "Collection of Materials on Ethnography" (1885, 1887 and 1888) and 4 editions of the "Systematic Description of the Collections of the Dashkovo Ethnographic Museum" (1887 - 1895). In 1886, Miller carried out excavations in the Crimea and traveled for archaeological research to Chechnya, Ossetia and the mountain communities of Kabarda; the result of the trip was the 1st issue of "Materials on the archeology of the Caucasus". On the same trip, Miller wrote down texts in the Tat dialect of the Mountain Jews; the texts make up the 1st part of "Jewish-Mountain Etudes", ed. Academy of Sciences under the title: "Materials for the study of the Jewish-Tat language" (1892). In 1887, the third part of "Ossetian Etudes" was published, containing a study on the history of the Ossetians and linguistic notes and materials. In 1892, Miller moved to the Department of Russian Language and Literature, leaving behind the teaching of Sanskrit. Since then, his numerous independent works have revolved mainly in the field of Russian epic epic. The main works, in addition to the above: "On the comparative method of the author of the Origin of Russian epics" (in "Conversations of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature", III, Moscow, 1871), "The name of the Dnieper rapids by Konstantin Porphyrogenitus" ("Antiquities of the Moscow Archaeological Society", 1887, vol. V), "On the fierce beast of folk songs" (ibid., vol. VII), "Eastern and Western relatives of one Russian fairy tale" ("Proceedings of the Ethnographic Department of the Society of Natural Science Lovers, etc.", book IV, 1877), "Le role du chien dans kes croyances mytholigiques" ("Atti del VI congresso degli orientalisti", Florensky, II), "Notes on the collection of Verkovich" ("Journal of the Ministry of National Education", 1877, ¦ 10), "On Bulgarian folk Songs of Verkovich" ("Bulletin of Europe", 1877), "About Trajan and Bayan Words about Igor's Campaign" ("Journal of the Ministry of National Education", 1878, ¦ 12), "Echoes of the Finnish epic in Russian" (ibid., h CCVI), "Regarding a Lithuanian Tradition" ("Antiquities", vol. VIII, 1880), "Features of antiquity in the legends and life of Ossetians" ("Journal of the Ministry of National Education", 1882, ¦ 8), "Caucasian legends about giants chained in the mountains" (ibid., 1883, ¦ 1), reviews I - XX issue "Materials for the study of localities and tribes of the Caucasus" (in the "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1883 - 1895, etc.), "Russian Shrovetide and Western European Carnival" (Moscow, 1884), "On the Question of the Slavic Alphabet" ("Journal of the Ministry National Education", 1884, ¦ 3), "Remarks on the question of the Huns' people" ("Proceedings of the Ethnographic Department", book VI, 1885), "Caucasian legends" (ibid.), "Epigraphic traces of Iranism in the south of Russia" ( "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1886, ¦ 9), "Archaeological exploration in Alushta and its environs" ("Antiquities", vol. XII, 1889), "Iranian echoes in the folk tales of the Caucasus" ("Ethnographic Review", 1889) , "Caucasian legends about the Cyclopes" ("Ethnographic Review", 1890), "Materials for the history of epic stories" (I - XVI "Ethnographic Review", 1890 - 1896), "On the Sarmatian god Uatafarn" ("Proceedings of the Eastern Committee of the Moscow Archaeological Society", vol. I, 1890), "Excursions into the area of ​​the Russian folk epic" (I - VIII, Moscow, 1892); articles on epics in the "Journal of the Ministry of National Education", "Russian Thought" and "Initiation" (these articles, along with some others, were included in Miller's book: "Essays on Russian Folk Poetry", 2 parts): "Funf ossetische Erzahlungen im Digorischem Dialecte ", hsgb. von Ws. Miller u. R.v. Stackelberg (St. Petersburg, 1891, published by the Academy of Sciences). The path that Miller followed, gradually moving from linguistics through ethnography to the study of monuments of folk poetry, cannot but be recognized as extremely rational. His desire to substantiate the conclusions on an accurate critical and philological study of the texts of epics, to determine the degree of participation of specialist singers and to trace the ethnographic and geographical distribution of our national epic led to positive historical and literary results in the study of the material, where until now specialists have revolved in the field of bold assumptions and interesting, but giving few positive conclusions parallels. His works on the study of the Caucasus brought a lot of light to this little developed area. In all, even the most specialized works of Miller, the presentation is distinguished by general accessibility and elegance. As the chief figure in the ethnographic department of a society of lovers of natural science, Miller managed to gather in it many well-trained and energetic young people, mainly from his students, who worked diligently in their offices in the winter, and usually went on expeditions (at their own expense) in the summer, always bringing valuable new material. A. Kirpichnikov (deceased).

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

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Vsevolod Fedorovich Miller is an outstanding Russian scientist, folklorist, ethnographer, linguist and archaeologist. Known as one of the organizers of oriental education in Russia. Son of Fyodor Bogdanovich Miller.
He received his secondary education at the boarding house of Ennes (1859-1865). After graduating from the boarding school, having passed the exams at the 4th Moscow gymnasium, in 1865 he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University. At the end of the course, in 1870, V. F. Miller submitted to F. I. Buslaev a candidate essay “Eastern and Western Relatives of a Russian Fairy Tale” and was left at the university to prepare for a professorship at the Department of Comparative Linguistics and Sanskrit.
He began to teach Latin at the 4th Moscow gymnasium. In the summer of 1871, in the Suvalka province, he, together with F.F. Fortunatov, was collecting Lithuanian songs.
In 1874 he was sent to Germany for a more in-depth study of Sanskrit and the ancient history of the East. He studied in Tübingen (with Roth), Berlin (with A. Weber), and also in Prague (with Ludwig); studied Czech. In 1876 he returned to Moscow.
As a master's thesis, VF Miller defended in 1877 the monograph “Essays on Aryan mythology in connection with ancient culture. T. 1: Aswins - Dioscuri ”(M., 1876) and in the fall began to read a course on the history of the East at the Department of Comparative Linguistics; He also taught Sanskrit. Since 1877, he also taught the history of the Russian language and ancient Russian literature at the higher courses for women to Guerrier. In the same year he published the book "A Look at the Word about Igor's Campaign".
Interested in the history and culture of the peoples of the Caucasus, in particular the Ossetians, V.F. Miller made five trips to Ossetia (1879, 1880, 1881, 1883, 1886), which resulted in the publication of 2 volumes of “Ossetian Etudes” (“Ossetian Etudes. Ch. 1-2 ”- M., 1881-1882), who compiled his dissertation for a doctorate degree; The 3rd part of Ossetian Etudes was published in 1887 and was awarded the Grand Gold Medal of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. The "Iranian theory" of V.F. Miller met an opponent in the person of D.N. Dashkevich, who, in his report on the award of the Uvarov Prize, noted the one-sidedness of the explanations and did not agree with the conclusions presented, which prompted Miller to reconsider his point of view.
Since 1872, VF Miller was a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. Since 1881, he was the chairman of the Ethnographic Department of the Society of Lovers of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography, editor of the Ethnographic Review magazine. In 1889 he was elected president of the entire society, but relinquished this position in 1891 to focus his activities solely on ethnography.
In 1884-1897 he was the curator of the Dashkovo Ethnographic Museum in Moscow, where he introduced an ethnographic (instead of the previous geographical) distribution of collections; published 4 issues of the Museum's "Systematic Description of Collections" (M., 1887-1895) and 3 issues of the "Collection of Materials on Ethnography" (M., 1885-1888).
In 1892, he took the chair of the Russian language and literature at Moscow University, replacing his teacher F. I. Buslaev. At this time, together with Academician N. S. Tikhonravov, he began publishing epics scattered in various journals and in 1894 published a collection of Russian epics of the old and new records. And in 1897, he combined all the articles on epics published at that time in the book: “Essays on Russian folk literature. Epics. I-XVI" (M. 1897. - 464 p.)
In 1903 he was awarded the title of honored professor.
In 1897, he headed the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, where until 1911 he lectured on the history of the East and an evening course in Sanskrit.
From 1897 he was chairman of the Eastern Commission of the Moscow Archaeological Society. From 1900 to 1911, V. F. Miller began to teach folk literature at the renewed Higher Women's Courses in Moscow.
From December 5, 1898 - Corresponding Member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the Department of the Russian Language and Literature. After being elected on February 5, 1911 as an ordinary academician, VF Miller moved to live in St. Petersburg. Here, in addition to participating in the works of the Academy, he was a teacher of the history of literature at the Women's Pedagogical Institute.
He died November 5, 1913. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Russian folklorists. Biobibliographic dictionary. - M.: Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) RAS, 2010

Miller Vsevolod Fedorovich - researcher of the epic, head of the historical school of Russian epic historians, ethnographer, linguist, literary critic, historian.

The son of a nobleman, Moscow poet-translator F.B. Miller, whose father was a German who took Russian citizenship and married a Russian. He was educated at home, graduated from the Ennes private boarding school. Having passed the exams for admission to Moscow University at the 4th Moscow Gymnasium, he graduated in 1870 from the Faculty of History and Philology. He studied under the guidance of F.I. Buslaev. M.'s first publication was a translation of Shakespeare's The Two Veronians (Complete Collection of Dramatic Works. St. Petersburg, 1868, vol. 4; there were reprints). Left at the university at the Department of Comparative Linguistics, M. simultaneously taught Latin at the gymnasium. In 1874-1875 he was on a business trip abroad, where he studied comparative linguistics and Sanskrit at the universities of Berlin, Prague, Tübingen and Paris. As a master's thesis, he defended in 1877 the monograph Essays on Aryan Mythology in Connection with Ancient Culture. T. 1: Levins-Dioscuri ”(M., 1876). As a doctoral in 1883 - the book "Ossetian studies. Ch. 1-2 ”(M., 1881-1882; part 3 published in 1887).

At Moscow University, M. from 1877 - professor of the department of comparative linguistics, from 1892 - professor of the department of Russian language and literature, from 1903 - honored professor. From 1872 he was a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. Since 1881 - Chairman of the Ethnographic Department of the Society of Lovers of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography, editor of the journal "Ethnographic Review". In 1884-1897 - curator of the Dashkovo Ethnographic Museum in Moscow; published 4 issues of the Museum's "Systematic Description of Collections" (M., 1887-1895) and 3 issues of the "Collection of Materials on Ethnography" (M., 1885-1888). From 1897 to 1911 M. was director and professor at the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages. From 1897 he was chairman of the Eastern Commission of the Moscow Archaeological Society. From 1900 to 1911, M. taught at the Higher Women's Courses in Moscow, and in 1911 at the Pedagogical Women's Institute in St. Petersburg. In 1898 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in the Department of the Russian Language and Literature. In 1911, M. was elected an ordinary academician, which required him to move permanently to St. Petersburg.

The diverse scientific activity of M. at first concentrated mainly in areas remote from the special study of the historicism of epics. As a mythologist and Caucasian scholar, as related topics were involved in the range of his scientific interests, M. began to focus on the epic; at first - in the general Indo-European, but already with a predominant attention to the connections of the Iranian epic and Russian. Having critically assessed the hobbies of V.V. Stasov, who simplified and exaggeratedly interpreted the impact of oriental stories on epics, M. at first partly shared similar hobbies himself when he began to explore the historical component in the heritage of the Old Russian epic recorded by collectors. The fundamental judgments of his teacher F.I. Buslaev, the experience of L.N. Maykov, successfully started in this area of ​​development by N.P. Dashkevich (and less thorough comparisons of epics with history in the works of I.N. Zhdanov, M.G. Khalansky, N.F. Sumtsov), as well as the works of A.N. Veselovsky, dedicated to the versatile correlation of epics not only with foreign folklore and literature, but also with chronicle data.

M.'s first book on epics, Excursions into the Russian Folk Epic (Moscow, 1892), is primarily devoted to the search for influences on Russian folklore from the Iranian epic. However, the chapter, which examined the epic about Dobrynya and the Serpent, reflected the beginning of M.'s turn to the intention to find out the origin of epic narratives by referring to actually recorded historical facts and to the names appearing in the annals. As M. wrote already in this book, “the presence in our epic of a significant number of historical names indicates that at least some of the epics were based on historical songs” (p. 35).

The book "Excursions" in the 1890s was followed by a series of articles by M., which marked his intensive and effective appeal to the search for the foundations of the content of many epics in the facts and characters of Russian history displayed in chronicles and other written sources. First, under the general heading "Materials for the history of epic stories," M. publishes in the "Ethnographic Review" articles on epics about Ilya Muromets, Dobryn Nikitich, Svyatogor, Mrzhul Selyaninovich, Danil Lovchanrsha, Stavr Godrshovich. Other publications publish M.'s developments of epics about Batu, about Saur, Mikhail Danilovich, about the Danube, Dyuk Stepanovich, about Sadko, about Volga and Mikul, about Potyk, about Ivan Gostiny son, Ivan GODRSHOVICH. Nightingale Budimirovich, Churile, Hotene Bludovich. At the same time, M. comes up with articles that give a fundamental understanding of the general features of the epic tradition: “Epic legend in the Olonets province”, “Russian epic, its composers and performers”, “Observations on the geographical distribution of epics” (here, M.’s thesis about Novgorod origin was first substantiated a number of epic stories, including those where there is no talk of Novgorod). These works M. then included in the book “Essays on Russian folk literature. Epics. I-XVI" (M., 1897), which was like a scientific manifesto of the emerging historical school.

The work was successfully picked up by his students - N.V. Vasshiev, A.V. Markov, N.M. Mendelson, B.M. and Yu.M. Epics” (M., 1910. Vol. 2). Here were placed studies published first in magazines of more than ten more epic plots and developed incidental developments devoted to a number of individual characters of epics and historical songs, for which M. managed to determine historical prototypes. As you know, the work of establishing chronicle prototypes for the heroes of the Russian epic was successfully begun by M.'s predecessors (Prince Vladimir, Dobrynya, Alexander Popovich, and others were named as prototypes for epic heroes). This list was significantly enriched in the works of M.: the Polovtsian khans Itlar, Otrok and Tugorkan, the Russian governors Kozarin, Vasily Kazimir, Prince Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky and a significant number of other historical names in some cases are indisputably identified by M. with the characters of epics, in others - well reasoned. The essays of the second volume were devoted to epics about Kozarin, about the Battle of Kama, Ilya Muromets and Kalina, Yermak and Kalina, Ilya and Idolish, Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin, about the battle of Ilya Muromets with his son, about Dobrynya and Vasily Kazimirovich, about forty kaliks, about Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky, about Ilya on the Sokol-ship, about Rakht Ragnozersky, about Butman Kolybanovich and historical songs connected with these plots.

Further works of M. were distributed, basically, almost evenly between the study of historical songs and the study of epics. This was reflected in the composition and title of the collection, published after the death of M. by his students: “Essays on Russian folk literature. Epics and historical songs” (M.; L., 1924. Vol. 3). Among the studies included in this volume were also articles devoted in whole or in part to historical legends, fairy tales and even ritual songs, thematically or genetically related to the main objects of the author's scientific interests. In addition to a new series of song and prose stories, the main character of which was the epic Ilya Muromets, the images of Svyatogor, Kolyvan, Sukhan Domantovich, Poloman and Vasily Okulovich are considered here in relation to history. The central character of the historical songs and legends studied by M. is Ivan the Terrible. An important section of the book is dedicated specifically to the Cossack epic songs of the 16th-17th centuries. It concludes with short articles on legends and tales associated with Peter the Great, and on the transformation of epic songs into ritual ones. Not all of M.'s articles about the Russian epic that had been published by that time were included in the book. It was opened by the publication of the manuscript of the beginning of an extensive final work, which the author did not have time to complete: "An outline of the history of the Russian epic epic." Only the introductory first chapter was written in its entirety. The text of the second chapter was interrupted by a multifaceted consideration of the issue of the origin and initial foundations of the complex image of Ilya Muromets.

M. is the author of more than 200 published works, most of which belong to the classical heritage of Russian folklore, influencing world science. The significance of M.'s outstanding works was quite clear not only to his students, but also to his contemporary colleagues at the Academy of Sciences, and the historical school of folk epos researchers he headed dominated the science of our country until the repression of humanities scholars in the mid-1930s. Threatening political accusations in the central press against the most prominent representatives of the M. school led to imitations of refutations of his theses objectionable to the authorities, which were published in the scientific press signed by some of his students and followers. Then, for decades, these conceptual representations of M. were not only rejected, but also severely condemned as class-hostile. Until relatively recently, the press talk about his work was bound to be accompanied by such criticism.

The reason for the reproach was the conclusion drawn by M. from the analysis of the artistic level and the specific content of the epics about the creation of the epic songs of Ancient Russia mainly by professionals (just as it happened then everywhere in Western Europe and the East). The professional composers and performers of the epic, who belonged mainly to the cultural environment of the then intelligentsia, primarily satisfied with their work the artistic needs of the ancient Russian princes and their combatants (this, however, was not the “theory of the aristocratic origin of epics”, which was attributed to M. by his critics, unscrupulously using later statements some epigones of the historical school). The bearers of the epic tradition gradually became buffoons, from whom it then passed to peasant performers. The needs of the new living environment and the level of its culture led to the inevitable simplification and even distortion of the former epic heritage. Recorded in modern times from the population of ancient Novgorod land, the stories of epics about the struggle against enemy invasions, M. believes, reflect the historical realities not so much of Kievan Rus as of the Moscow kingdom and are the results of processing the epic mainly in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Nevertheless, M.'s main achievement was not these theses and his judgments related to them (sometimes expressed in passing and pointedly), but for the first time carefully developed and effectively applied in his writings the method of revealing the historical content of a number of epics. By a scrupulous comparison of all variants of each epic available for research, its versions and editions were determined among themselves, then correlated with various written sources, primarily with chronicles. In the course of this work, both the connections of the epic with historical events and other works of the oral epic, and the evolution of its texts themselves, were revealed. By removing later layers, it was possible to restore hypothetically, if not the original, then still an earlier appearance of the main content of the epic and, accordingly, determine its starting historical fact.

The hypothetical nature of the specific results of such work, which M. himself was well aware of, was almost always present to one degree or another. Not all of his constructions and private guesses were convincing enough and entrenched in science. But on the basis of the totality of the works of M., his students and followers, a stable and correct idea was formed and consolidated in science about the presence of historical content in the main body of Russian epics. This forms the basis for further studies in this area and contributes to the understanding of the general patterns of epic creativity.

Ref.-. Brockhaus-Efron; Brockhaus-Efron. New; Pomegranate; TSB. 1st ed.; TSB. 2nd ed.; TSB. 2nd ed.; LE; CLE; SIE.
Biogr.-. Mikhailovsky V.M. Brief essay on the scientific activity of V.F. Miller // Anniversary ebornik in honor of Veevolod Fedorovich Miller, published by his students and admirers. M., 1900. S. V11-X11; Bogdanov V.V. Veevolod Fedorovich Miller: A Brief Essay on His Life // Ethnogr. review. M., 1913. No. 3/4. S. 1-XL11; Vasiliev N. Ve.F. Miller as a researcher of the people's eloquence // Ibid. 70-87; Bogdanov Vl. Ve.F. Miller as Chairman of the Ethnographic Department // Ibid. pp. 21-34; Maksimov A. Scientific methods of VF Miller in ethnography // Ibid. pp. 35-46; Kovalevsky MM. In memory of Vsevolod Fedorovich Miller // Ibid. pp. 11-19; Oldenburg S.F. V.F. Miller // Russian Thought. M., 1913. No. 12. S. 39-41; Sokolov B.M. Vs.F. Miller as a researcher of the Russian by-left epic // Living Antiquity. SPb., 1913. Issue. 3/4. pp. 318-336; Shambinago S.K. On the significance of V.F. Miller in the science of folk literature // Antiquities: Proceedings of the Imperial Moscow Archaeological Society. M., 1914. T. 24. S. 260-265; Speransky M.N. Vsevolod Fedorovich Miller // Report on the state and actions of the Imperial Moscow University for 1913. M., 1914. Part 1. P. 11-39 (2nd page); Shakhmatov A.A. Vsevolod Fedorovich Miller. Obituary // News by them. Academy of Sciences. Ser.6. Pg., 1914, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 71-92; Karsky E.F. Vs.F.Miller. Obituary // Russian Philological Bulletin. Warsaw, 1914. No. 1. S. 235-238; Bogdanov V.V. Vsevolod Fedorovich Miller: On the centenary of his birth (1848-1948). Essay on the history of the Russian intelligentsia and Russian science // Essays on the history of Russian ethnography, folklore and anthropology. M., 1988. Issue. 10. S. 110-174.

Bibliography -. Bibliographic list of printed works by VF Miller // Anniversary collection in honor of Vsevolod Fedorovich Miller, published by his students and admirers. M., 1900. S. XIII-XVII; Bogdanov V.V. List of scientific works of Vsevolod Fedorovich Miller // Ethnogr. review. M., 1913. No. 3/4. C.XX1X-XL11; [Speransky M.N.] List of scientific works of V.F. Miller // Report on the state and actions of the Imperial Moscow University for 1913. M., 1914. Part 1. S. 27-39 (2nd page); Miller Vsevolod Fedorovich // Materials for the biographical dictionary of full members of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Pg., 1917. Part 2. S. 34-43.

Publication: Russian epics of the old and new recording / Ed. N.S. Tikho- nravov and V.F. Miller. M., 1894; New records of epics in the Yakutsk region // Ethnogr. review. M., 1896. No. 2/3. pp. 72-116; New records of epics in the Arkhangelsk province // News of the Department of the Russian language and literature by them. Academy of Sciences. SPb., 1899. T. 4, book. 2. S. 661-725; New recordings of epics in the Yakutsk region // News of the Department of the Russian language and literature by them. Academy of Sciences. SPb., 1900. T. 5, book. 1. S. 36-78; Historical songs from Siberia // Proceedings of the Russian Language and Literature Department. Academy of Sciences. SPb., 1904. V.9, book. 1. S. 1-79; Epics of a new and recent recording from different localities of Russia / Ed. V.F.Miller, with the close participation of E.N.Eleonskaya and A.V.Markov. M., 1908; Two Siberian epics from S.I. Gulyaev’s zapiei // Zhivaya Etarina. SPb., 1911. Issue. 3/4. pp. 445-452; Hierarchical penances of the Russian people of the XV1-XV11 centuries. Pg., 1915.

Researcher: On the Equalization Method of the Author of “The Origins of the Rueek Epics” // Beeeds in the Society of Lovers of the Roeeiyekoy Eloveenoeti. M., 1871. Issue. 3. S. 143-174; A look at The Tale of Igor's Campaign. M., 1877; Voetochnye and western relatives of one brook ekazka // Proceedings of the Ethnographic Department of the Society of Lovers of Herteology, Anthropology and Ethnography. M., 1877. T. 4. S. 174-190; About the fierce beast of the people's scenes // Ancients: Proceedings of the Moek Age Archaeological Society. M., 1877. T. 7. S. 1-18; Echoes of Alexandria in the Bulgarian-rueek epics // Journal of the Ministry of National Education. SPb., 1877. No. 10. S. 115-132; Regarding Troyan and Boyan in the "Tale of Igor's Campaign" // Journal of the Ministry of National Education. SPb., 1878. No. 12. S. 239-267; Echoes of the Finnish epic in the rueek // Journal of the Moscow People's Education. SPb., 1879. No. 12. S. 121-140. Ruekaya Maylenitsa and Western European carnival. M., 1884; Caucasian-Russian parallels // Ethnogr. review. M., 1891. No. 3. S. 166-189; No. 4. S. 1-20; Vemirnaya ekazka in cultural and ietoricheskie evescheniem // Ruekaya myel. M., 1893. No. 12. S. 207-229; Aeeiriyekie spells and rueekie folk conspiracies // Rueekaya myel. M., 1896. No. 7, Department 2. pp. 66-89; In memory of Fedor Ivanovich Buelaev // In memory of Fedor Ivanovich Buelaev. M., 1898. S. 5-43; Pushkin as a poet-ethnographer // Ethnogr. review. M., 1899. No. 1/2. pp. 132-185; To songs about Ivan the Terrible // Ethnogr. review. M., 1904. No. 3. S. 38-50; To the Cossacks about Ivan the Terrible // Proceedings of the Department of the Russian language and the Russian language and eloveenoeti imp. Academy of Sciences. SPb., 1909. T. 14, book. 2. S. 85-104; Lectures on ruekoy folk eloveenoeti. Read at the Vyesh zhenekikh kureakh in 1908-1909. M., 1909; Materials for the history of epic eyuzhets // Ethnogr. review. M., 1911. No. 3/4. pp. 173-183; Folk epic and ietoria / Soet., author. vetup. etati and comments. S.N. Azbelev. M., 2005.

Lit.-. Markov A.V. Review of the works of V.F. Miller on the folk spruce-noeti. In memory of a dear teacher. Pg., 1916; Skaftymov A.P. Poetics and genesis of epics. M.; Saratov, 1924 (2nd ed.: Saratov, 1994); Sokolov Yu. Ruekiy epic epic: (The problem of social genesis) // Literary critic. M., 1937. No. 9. S. 171-196; Azadovsky M.K. The theory of Russian folkloretics. M., 1963. T. 2. S. 296-309; Gusev V.E. “Theoretical School” in Russian Pre-revolutionary Folkloretics: (Problematics and Methodology) // Essays on the History of Russian Ethnography, Folkloretics and Anthropology. M., 1965. Issue. 3. S. 82-105; From the development of B.M. Sokolov on the theory and poetics of folklore / Publ. V.M.Gatsaka // Folklore: A poetic theme. M., 1977. S. 276-310; Anikin V.P. Theoretical interpretation of the epoea of ​​Kievka Ruya in the works of Veevolod Miller: (Sociological theory and method) // Bulletin of the Moekov University. Series 9: Philology. M., 1983. No. 4. S. 54-61; Azbelev S.N. Academician Veevolod Miller and the hierarchical school: Works on epochal studies and their assessments // Russian Folklore: Materials and Studies. SPb., 2001. T. 31. S. 3-41; Ivanova T.G. The history of Russian folkloretics of the 20th century: 1900 - the first half of 1941. SPb., 2009. S. 110-150.

Arch.: OPI GIM, f. 451; GLM, f. eleven; Scientific Archive of the St. Petersburg Department of the Institute of Military Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, f. 38; RGALI, f. 323.
S.N. Azbelev

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