Slide 1
Types of objects and their
classification
6th grade.
Paragraph 4
Slide 2
Scheme of the relation "is a species"
we will call the scheme of varieties
Slide 3
Riding
dogs
Subset objects necessarily have all
features of set objects (inherit features
sets) and in addition to them they also have their own, additional
feature (or multiple features).
Slide 4
Classification
A subset of objects that have common
features is called a class.
Dividing a set of objects into classes
called a classification.
Signs by which one class
different from each other are called
basis of classification.
Slide 5
A classification is called natural if
significant
signs of objects.
Slide 6
The classification is called artificial,
if taken as its basis
insignificant features of objects.
Slide 7
Star classification
Slide 8
Classification (natural)
parts of speech
Slide 9
Classification of objects with which
user interacts with
Windows operating system
Slide 10
Questions and tasks
1. For each of the specified subsets, name
the set with which it is related
"is a species" (state the common name,
answering the question "What is it?"):
a) a pronoun;
b) comma;
c) joystick;
d) parallelogram;
e) town hall;
e) a fable;
g) capillary.
Slide 11
2. Find six pairs of sets in the list, between
which there are relations "is
variety." Determine in each such pair
subset name. Name him at least one
additional property:
book;
petrol;
doctor;
milk;
builder;
textbook;
liquid;
directory;
human.
textbook
gasoline-liquid
human doctor
milk-liquid
Human Builder
Handbook-book
Slide 12
3. Select from the list the names of nine sets,
related relationships "is
variety." Chart
varieties:
Apple tree;
pine;
wood;
Apple;
fruit tree;
oak;
root;
Conifer tree;
fir;
deciduous tree;
trunk;
Birch;
larch;
acorn.
Slide 13
structure
fruity
larch
deciduous
Slide 14
4. Using the proposed classification
parallelograms, describe the properties of a square,
inheriting them from two ancestors at once -
rectangle and rhombus. What
The square has additional properties:
a) in relation to the rectangle; b) by
in relation to the rhombus?
Slide 15
5. Each item lists the objects,
grouped by class. Determine
bases of classifications:
a) spruce, pine, cedar, fir / birch, aspen, linden,
poplar;
b) potatoes, onions, cucumbers, tomatoes / apples,
oranges, pears, tangerines;
c) rye, silence, lie, lynx / wheat, silence,
truth, cat;
d) shirt, jacket, dress, sundress / coat,
fur coat, raincoat, windbreaker;
e) wolf, bear, fox, elk / cow, dog,
cat, horse.
Exercise 1
For each of the indicated subsets, name the set with which it is related by the relationship “is a variety” (give a common name that answers the question “What is this?”):
a) a pronoun;
b) comma;
c) joystick;
d) rectangle;
e) textbook.
Solution
a) the pronoun is a kind of parts of speech;
b) a comma is a kind of punctuation marks;
c) the joystick is a kind of peripheral devices;
d) a rectangle is a kind of geometric shapes;
e) the textbook is a kind of books.
Task 2
Among the sets "book", "gasoline", "doctor", "milk", "builder", "textbook", "liquid", "reference book", "man", find six pairs between which there is a relationship "is a variety" .
Define a subset name in each such pair. Name at least one additional feature for it.
Solution
1) the reference book is a kind of book;
2) gasoline is a kind of liquid;
3) the doctor is a kind of human;
4) milk is a kind of liquid;
5) the builder is a kind of human;
6) the textbook is a kind of book.
Task 3
Each item lists objects grouped by class. For example: table, computer, bow/cow, pen, pot/village, banner, feather are nouns classified by gender. Determine the basis of classifications:
a) spruce, pine, cedar, fir / birch, aspen, linden, poplar;
b) rye, silence, lie, lynx / wheat, silence, truth, cat;
c) shirt, jacket, dress, sundress / coat, fur coat, raincoat, windbreaker;
d) wolf, bear, fox, elk/cow, dog, cat, horse.
Solution
a) coniferous trees / deciduous trees;
b) ends with "b" / ends with "a";
c) full dress / outerwear;
d) wild animals / pets.
Task 4
Why do you think classification is needed?
Solution
Classification is needed in order to easily navigate in a large amount of information.
Task 5
What is the difference between natural and artificial classifications?
Solution
A classification is called natural if the essential features of objects are taken as its basis.
A classification is called artificial if insignificant features of objects are taken as its basis.
Task 6
Give examples of classifications that you met in the lessons of the Russian language, mathematics, biology and geography.
Solution
Classifications in mathematics: natural numbers, integers, fractional.
Classifications in Russian: simple sentences, complex sentences: complex, complex.
Classifications in biology - classification of animal species.
Classifications on geography - classification of soils.
Task 7
Suggest your classification of computer objects "
The relation "is a kind" can exist between a subset of some set and the set itself.
A subset of objects that have common features is called a class. The division of a set of objects into classes is called classification. The features by which one class differs from another are called the basis of classification.
Classification can be made according to essential features (natural) or non-essential features (artificial).
Questions and tasks
- For each of the specified subsets, name the set with which it is related by the relation “is a variety” (name the common name that answers the question “What is it?”): a) pronoun; b) comma; c) joystick; d) rectangle; e) textbook.
- Among the sets "book", "gasoline", "doctor", "milk", "builder", "textbook", "liquid", "reference book", "man", find six pairs between which there is a relationship "is a variety" .
Define a subset name in each such pair. Name at least one additional feature for it.
- Each item lists objects grouped by class. For example: table, computer, bow/cow, pen, pot/village, banner, feather are nouns classified by gender. Determine the basis of classifications:
- a) spruce, pine, cedar, fir / birch, aspen, linden, poplar;
b) rye, silence, lie, lynx / wheat, silence, truth, cat;
c) shirt, jacket, dress, sundress / coat, fur coat, raincoat, windbreaker;
d) wolf, bear, fox, elk/cow, dog, cat, horse.
- Why do you think classification is needed?
- What is the difference between natural and artificial classifications?
- Give examples of classifications that you met in the lessons of the Russian language, mathematics, biology and geography.
- Suggest your classification of computer objects "file" and "document".
Computer workshop
Job 4"We repeat the possibilities of a word processor - a tool for creating text objects"
§ 4. Varieties of objects and their classification
Questions and tasks for § 4. Varieties of objects and their classification
The most important
The relation "is a kind" can exist between a subset of some set and the set itself.
A subset of objects that have common features is called a class. The division of a set of objects into classes is called classification. The features by which one class differs from another are called the basis of classification.
Classification can be made according to essential features (natural) or non-essential features (artificial).
Questions and tasks
1. For each of the specified subsets, name the set with which it is related by the relationship “is a variety” (name the common name that answers the question “What is this?”):
a) a pronoun; b) comma; c) joystick; d) rectangle; e) textbook.
2. Among the sets "book", "gasoline", "doctor", "milk", "builder", "textbook", "liquid", "reference book", "man", find six pairs between which there is a relation "is variety." Define a subset name in each such pair. Name at least one additional feature for it.
3. Each item lists objects grouped by class. For example: table, computer, bow/cow, pen, pot/village, banner, feather are nouns classified by gender. Determine the basis of classifications:
a) spruce, pine, cedar, fir / birch, aspen, linden, poplar; b) rye, silence, lie, lynx / wheat, silence, truth, cat; c) shirt, jacket, dress, sundress / coat, fur coat, raincoat, windbreaker; d) wolf, bear, fox, elk/cow, dog, cat, horse.
4. Why do you think classification is needed?
5. What is the difference between natural and artificial classifications?
6. Give examples of classifications that you met in the lessons of the Russian language, mathematics, biology and geography.
7. Suggest your classification of computer objects "file" and "document".
Computer workshop
Work 4 "Repeat the possibilities of a word processor - a tool for creating text objects"
Classification Natural Artificial The essential features of objects are taken as its basis. An example is the classification of living beings proposed by Carl Linnaeus (1735). Non-essential features of objects are taken as its basis. An example is the division of many stars in the sky into constellations, carried out according to signs that had nothing to do with the stars themselves.
Windows OS Objects 1. Special Objects: Desktop Taskbar My Computer Recycle Bin Network Places 2. Main Objects: Files: Programs Documents Folders Shortcuts 3. Objects related to external devices: Disks Control Panel objects Printers
Task 1. For each of the indicated subsets, name the set with which it is connected by the relation “is a variety” (name the common name that answers the question “What is it?”): a) pronoun; b) comma; c) a parallelogram; d) town hall; e) a fable; e) capillary.
Task 2. Find in the list six pairs of sets between which there are relations “is a variety”. Define a subset name in each such pair. Name at least one additional property for it: a book; petrol; doctor; milk; builder; textbook; liquid; directory; human.
