Memorable date of the military history of Russia. On this day in 1827, the Russian fleet and its allies defeated the Turkish fleet in the Navarino naval battle.

Battle of Navarino

IN THE NAVARINA BAY OF THE IONIAN SEA

On October 8 (20), 1827, a naval battle took place in the Navarino Bay of the Ionian Sea between the fleet of the allies (Russia, England and France) and the Turkish-Egyptian fleet.

After Turkey refused to comply with the requirements of the London Convention of 1827 on granting autonomy to Greece, the combined squadron of Russia, England and France under the command of the senior English Vice Admiral E. Codrington approached the Bay of Navarino, where the Turkish-Egyptian fleet was located under the command of Muharrem -bay.

The English squadron consisted of 3 battleships, 3 frigates, a sloop, 4 brigs and a tender (472 guns in total). Vice-Admiral E. Codrington commanded the English squadron. In the French squadron of Rear Admiral A. de Rigny, there were 3 battleships, 2 frigates, a brig and a schooner (362 guns). Under the command of Russian Rear Admiral L.P. Heiden, there were 4 battleships and 4 frigates (466 guns). In total, the combined fleet consisted of 10 battleships, 9 frigates and 7 small ships and about 1,300 guns.

The Turkish-Egyptian fleet consisted of 3 battleships, 5 two-decker 64-gun frigates, 18 frigates, 42 corvettes, 15 brigs and 6 fireships (in total, according to various sources, from 2.1 thousand to 2.6 thousand guns). The entrance to the bay from two sides was shot through by 165 guns of coastal batteries located in the Navarino fortress and on the island of Sphacteria. The commander-in-chief of the Turkish-Egyptian troops and fleet was Ibrahim Pasha.

On October 8 (20), 1827, the allied squadrons began to enter the bay in a wake column and take up places according to the previously adopted disposition. As soon as the ships of the English squadron began to drop anchors, the Turks opened rapid rifle fire on them and killed an English parliamentary officer who was on his way to negotiate with the Turkish admiral. At the same time, the first cannon shot was fired from the Egyptian corvette at the French flagship Sirena, and the fortress batteries opened crossfire at the flagship of the Russian squadron Azov, which was passing at the head of the detachment through the narrow strait to Navarino Bay.

For 4 hours, a fierce battle lasted at a short distance, during which the allied squadrons acted in complete unanimity, providing each other with mutual support. The Turkish-Egyptian fleet was completely destroyed. The Russian squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Heyden acted most decisively and skillfully, defeating the entire center and right flank of the enemy fleet. She took the brunt of the enemy and destroyed most of his ships. The losses of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet amounted to more than 60 ships and vessels, including 3 battleships, 9 frigates, 24 corvettes, 14 brigs. Losses only killed and drowned amounted to more than 7 thousand people. At night, the Turks themselves burned almost all of their remaining ships. The Allies did not lose a single ship. Their losses in killed and wounded amounted to about 800 people.

In battle, the Russian flagship Azov, under the command of Captain 1st Rank M.P. Lazarev, especially distinguished himself. "Azov" sank 2 frigates and a corvette, burned a 60-gun frigate under the flag of Tahir Pasha, forced an 80-gun ship to run aground, and then, together with the British, destroyed the Turkish flagship.

For military exploits, the battleship "Azov" for the first time in the Russian fleet was awarded the stern St. George's flag and a pennant. Its commander, captain of the 1st rank M.P. Lazarev, was promoted to rear admiral. Rear Admiral L. P. Heyden became Vice Admiral, Knight of the Order of St. George 3rd degree, the French Order of St. Louis and the English Order of the Bath. Most of the officers of the Russian squadron received Russian, English and French orders and promotion.

ULTIMATUM TO IBRAHIM PASHE

Your Mightiness!

According to rumors that reach us from all countries, and according to reliable information, we learn that numerous detachments of your army have scattered in different directions in the western part of the Morea, devastating it, burning, exterminating, uprooting trees, vineyards, all kinds of growths and, in a word, they are vying with each other in a hurry to turn this country into a perfect desert.

In addition, we were informed that an expedition had been prepared against the districts of Maina and that some troops had moved there.

All these extraordinarily violent actions take place, one might say, in our eyes and in violation of the truce, which Your Grace undertook to honor inviolably until the return of your couriers. In violation of such a truce, by virtue of which your fleet is allowed to return to Navarino on the 26th of last September.

The undersigned are now sadly compelled to announce to you that such an act on your part and such an amazing breach of your promises place you, gracious Sovereign, outside the laws of the people and outside the existing treatises between the high courts of the allies and the Ottoman Porte. To this, the undersigned add that the devastations being carried out at this very time, at your command, are completely contrary to the benefits of your Sovereign, who, due to these devastations, may lose the significant benefits delivered to him over Greece by the London Treaty. The undersigned demand from Your Lordship a decisive and speedy reply, and present to you the inevitable consequences of your refusal or evasion.

Vice Admiral E. Codrington,

Rear Admiral Count Heiden,

Rear Admiral Chavalier de Rigny

HEROES OF "AZOV"

In the battle of Navarino, the Azov battleship fought a heavy battle simultaneously with five enemy [ships. Here is how Rear Admiral L.P. Heiden described it in a report to Nicholas I: “... The ship“ Azov ”... while itself was surrounded by the enemy, helped the English admiral a lot, who fought with an 80-gun ship that had the flag of Muharem Bey, for when this latter, due to a broken spring from him, turned to the “Azov” stern, then 14 guns were immediately separated on this subject from the left side and acted for about half an hour with such success that they broke him, so to speak, all stern, and when a fire broke out in the constapel and its cabin and the people used every effort to extinguish it, then strong grapeshot fire from the Azov destroyed this intention of them, through which the enemy ship soon embraced the flames and, finally, was blown up into the air ...

To the credit of Captain Lazarev, I must most humbly add that strict discipline, daily cannon drills and the order in which the servants were always kept were the reason, and to which I am completely indebted, that the Azov ship acted with such success in defeating and exterminating the enemy. With his strong fire, he sank 2 huge frigates and a corvette, shot down an 80-gun ship, which was thrown aground and finally blown up, destroyed a two-decker frigate, on which the commander-in-chief of the Turkish fleet, Tahir Pasha, had his own flag and which burned down the next day, having, according to the pasha himself, out of 600 people of his team, up to 500 were killed and wounded.

About how M. P. Lazarev behaved in battle, P. S. Nakhimov wrote in a letter to his friend Mikhail Reinecke: “I still do not know the price of our captain. It was necessary to look at him during the battle, with what prudence, with what composure he ordered everywhere. But I do not have enough words to describe all his laudable deeds, and I am boldly sure that the Russian fleet did not have such a captain.

During the battle, future naval commanders showed themselves on the Azov: Lieutenant Nakhimov, midshipman Kornilov, midshipman Istomin.

AFTER THE PRAYER THE PEOPLE WERE GIVEN A CHARK OF ROMA

Exactly at 6 o'clock the all-clear was struck, and, having thanked the Almighty in my soul for the glorious victory granted and the preservation from the destructive flame, I went down to the cockpit to look at the wounded brother. Thanks to God, his wound is not dangerous. There, the priest read the funeral for the dead, the doctor cut the leg of the wounded, the drunk ... shouted "Hurrah", and the secretary fussed around the sick. Having delighted the wounded and those who were in the kruyt-chamber with the news of a perfect victory, I ran to the poop. It was already dark. A beautiful evening, perfect calm, and nothing darkened the clear sky while such horrors were being committed all around us. The officers, having gathered, kissed like brothers, and the joy of seeing everyone whole was immeasurable. Everyone hastily told what happened to him in the detachment during the battle; As for me, in general I was very happy that day and I cannot describe the feeling that possessed me. I was especially happy with our brave sailors, who fought with courage beyond all expression, and amazed me with the power of attorney they showed to their officers.

At half past seven, an officer from Count Heiden came on board to congratulate the captain and officers on the victory and thank the admiral on behalf of the admiral for the speedy occupancy of the place and the glorious action of the guns. The Azov ship lost a lot of people and suffered in its hull. We also have quite a few dead and wounded.

After the prayer service, people were given a cup of rum each, ordered to line up along the cannons, where, having eaten crackers, they went to bed, leaving two sentries at each cannon. The officers, however, having gathered at the captain's, were very glad to find a salvaged roast there, and spent a very pleasant time for an hour at a merry supper. The captain divided us into two shifts, entrusting the command of each of them to a staff officer, who was supposed to take care of putting the ship in order and maintaining the guard. I joined the first shift before midnight, the others went to rest by their guns. We, having examined the sentries, gathered on the quarterdeck to admire the unusual and majestic spectacle. Batteries were lit on all the ships of the combined fleet, incessant detours plowed the bay and evoked the most varied hails of sentries. "Who row?" - shouted from us ... shouted the French ... on English ships. All this was mixed with rifle shots and at times drowned out by volleys of flaming Turkish ships or thunderous peals of a sudden explosion. All these sounds, without ceasing, shimmered in the mountains, illuminated by the bright flames of dying enemy ships, scattered along the shallows near the coast and reflected in the quiet waters of the bay, filled with the dead and drowning, looking for false salvation on the floating wreckage of broken ships. During my watch, from 7 pm to 12 pm, 7 explosions followed one after the other. The Turks, in desperation, set fire to their own ships. In these cases, each time the fire approximately spread throughout the ship, from excessive heat, the red-hot cannons fired of themselves, and soon followed by an explosion. Everything that was above the hook-chamber rose into the air, the rest was left to burn out on the water.

The author of the notes, Alexander Petrovich Rykachev, in 1816, at the age of thirteen, having excellent training, entered the Naval Cadet Corps and was immediately enrolled in midshipmen. In 1827, with the rank of lieutenant (on the ship Gangut), he took part in the Battle of Navarino. For his heroism, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with a bow. 1877 in Kronstadt, a posthumous edition of the notes of A.P. Rykachev was published

P.S

At the presentation of Codrington to the Order of Victoria - it was impossible not to award him, given the enormous international resonance of this battle - the English king wrote: "Deserves a rope, but I have to give him a ribbon." The plans of the British government did not include the complete destruction of the Turkish fleet. When the jubilant public calmed down, Codrington was quietly dismissed.

On this page you will learn about the memorable dates of the autumn day on October 20, what famous people were born on this October day, events took place, we will also talk about folk signs and Orthodox holidays of this day, public holidays of different countries from around the world.

Today, as on any day, as you will see, events have taken place over the centuries, each of them is remembered for something, the day of October 20 was no exception, which was also remembered for its own dates and birthdays of famous people, as well as holidays and folk tales. You and I must always remember and know about those who left their indelible mark on culture, science, sports, politics, medicine and all other areas of human and social development.

The day of the twentieth of October left its indelible mark on history, events and memorable dates, like who was born on this autumn day, once again confirm this. Find out what happened on the twentieth day of October October 20, what events and dates it was marked with, what was remembered, who was born, folk signs characterizing the day and much more that you should know about, just interesting to know.

Who was born on October 20 (twentieth)

Lyudmila Iosifovna Makarova. Born October 20, 1921 in Petrograd - died May 30, 2014 in St. Petersburg. Soviet and Russian theater and film actress. People's Artist of the USSR (1977).

Viggo Peter Mortensen, Jr. Born October 20, 1958 in New York. American actor of Danish origin.

Anatoly Nikolaevich Vasiliev was born on October 20, 1935 in Leningrad. He died on January 4, 2017 in St. Petersburg. Famous Soviet musician, arranger, founder of the VIA "Singing Guitars".

Candice Swanepoel (African. Candice Swanepoel). She was born on October 20, 1988 in Mui River, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). South African supermodel. First Victoria's Secret Angel from South Africa.

Vladimir Gomelsky (10/20/1953 [Leningrad]) - professional basketball player, honored coach of the RSFSR and sports television commentator;

Valery Borzov (10/20/1949 [Sambor]) - Soviet (Ukrainian) sprint athlete;

Nikolai Bordyuzha (10/20/1948 [Eagle]) - Russian military and statesman;

Igor Gorbachev (October 20, 1927 - February 19, 2003) - Soviet theater and film actor, theater director. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1957). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1968). People's Artist of the USSR (08/11/1972);

Amet-Khan Sultan (10/20/1920 [Alupka] - 02/01/1971 [Moscow]) - Soviet military ace pilot, participant in the Great Patriotic War, twice Hero of the Soviet Union;

Jomo Kenyatta (10/20/1893 - 08/22/1978 [Mombasa]) - the first prime minister in 1963-1964 and the president of Kenya in 1964-1978. Considered the "father of the Kenyan nation";

James Chadwick (10/20/1891 [Bollington] - 07/24/1974) - English physicist, known for the discovery of the neutron and the photonuclear reaction;

Elizaveta Romanova (10/20/1864 [Darmstadt] - 07/18/1918 [Novaya Selimskaya mine]) - sister of the last Russian Empress, founder of the Martha and Mary Convent, died in Alapaevsk, canonized by the Orthodox Church;

Arkady Garting (10/20/1861 [Pinsk] - 1912) - a major figure in the Russian political investigation;

Arthur Rimbaud (10/20/1854 [Charleville-Mezieres, Ardennes] - 11/10/1891 [Marseille]) - French poet;

Henry Palmerston (10/20/1784 [London] - 10/18/1865 [Brocket Hall]) - Prime Minister of Great Britain (1855-1858 and from 1859); Whig leader. Minister of Foreign Affairs (1830-1834, 1835-1841, 1846-1851).

Below, at the end of this page, you will find a table with the days (dates) of the celebrationOrthodox and Catholic Easter, as well as the Holy Trinity until 2035 ...

Dates October 20

In Ukraine - All-Ukrainian Day to Combat Breast Cancer

World Osteoporosis Day

international air traffic controller day

Celebrate in Guatemala - Revolution Day

In Kenya - Heroes Day

In Jamaica - National Heroes Day

According to the folk calendar, this is Sergey winter

On this day:

in 1341 the future St. Sergius of Radonezh became a monk

in 1480, the famous standing on the Ugra began, when the Mongol-Tatars did not dare to take the fight and laid down their right to receive tribute from the Russian land

in 1696, the then government of Russia - the Boyar Duma decided to create a navy

In 1865, the city of Ottawa became the capital of Canada, where the government of the country moved

in 1880 the oldest Moscow circus "on Tsvetnoy Boulevard" was opened

Admiral Fyodor Litke, Russian explorer of the Arctic, died in 1882

Richard Burton, the first European explorer to set foot on the shores of Lake Tanganyika, died in 1890.

in 1916, the battleship "Saint Maria" exploded in the roadstead in Sevastopol, one of the reasons for the explosion of which was considered a terrorist attack

Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, was liberated in 1944

In 1968, American Dick Fosbury showed a new style of high jump, called "Fosberyflop" and achieved victory at the Olympics in Mexico City

in 1982, 66 people died in a mass crush at Luzhniki, this became the biggest tragedy at domestic stadiums during the competition

Paul Dirac, one of the founders of quantum physics, Nobel laureate, died in 1984

in 1994, Sergei Bondarchuk, the famous director who received the Oscar for the film epic War and Peace, died

Muammar Gaddafi, the permanent head of the Libyan Jamahiriya, died in 2011.

Events October 20

This is the oldest circus in the history of the country. On October 19, 1987, the construction of a new building began. From a small room with five chairs and wooden boxes over seven hundred years, it has turned into a huge hall under a dome.

Today the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard bears the name of Yuri Nikulin, his bronze monument stands in front of the entrance. The arena of the circus in different years hosted the most outstanding artists of circus art.

On October 20, 714, Peter I by his Decree banned stone construction throughout Russia, except for St. Petersburg

Exemplary houses were ordered to be built only in the city on the Neva, and punishment was promised for violation of the order. According to the calculation of the king, having lost their jobs, the masons will be forced to come to St. Petersburg and build the city. The new capital of Russia was to be equal in beauty and sophistication with the best cities in Europe.

Peter 1 issued a decree from the fact that in 11 years Petersburg did not move forward at all, but resembled, all the same, a construction site, as at the beginning of construction. Peter's dream never came true - the problem turned out to be not the presence of artisans, but the fact that the brick factories could not cope with the huge load.

Some cunning craftsmen deceived the king by building wooden houses and, facing with a thin layer of clay, painted them “like a brick”. A house decorated in this way could be distinguished only by close examination. Sometimes the painted bricks looked more attractive than the real ones. When fraud was discovered, the culprit was mercilessly punished.

They say that winter begins on October 20 of this moment, although autumn is still on the calendar. However, the days become short, the nights become long, and even frosts can be observed in the mornings.

On October 20, the peasants first went to feed the cattle in the morning and after that they sat down to have breakfast. Moreover, the stove was supposed to be melted by the youngest member of the family - they believed that in this case it would be warm in the house all winter. The reservoirs were not yet covered with ice, and therefore, it was necessary to lower the barrels with pickled cucumbers into the pools for long-term storage.

By the way, in winter the temperature under the ice is approximately the same and does not fall below +4 degrees, which was quite convenient for storing supplies. When the ice melted in the spring, the owners took out their supplies, and as a result, they had delicious pickles on their table just at the time when there was not too much food left.

In addition, on October 20, there was a tradition to put on women a new scarf on their heads - they believed that this would protect against headaches throughout the year. Washed with sour milk to preserve youth and beauty.

In the church on October 20, the memory of St. Sergius of the Caves, who lived in the 13th century, is venerated. His main feat is considered to be the renunciation of his own will - Sergius completely submitted to his abbot. Therefore, he received the nickname "Obediant".

They also pray to St. Sergius of Murom or Vologda, who, according to historical data, lived in Greece, but came to Russia in order to become a student of Sergius of Radonezh himself, having heard about his spiritual exploits. After some time, he goes north to the Nurma River to retire there for prayer.

There, Sergius of Murom is experiencing a large number of temptations. Gradually, pilgrims begin to gather around him, as a result of which the Nurom monastery is formed.

After his death, Sergius appeared to his disciple Nicephorus and ordered that his grave be cleared. Nikifor thought that this was just a dream, and therefore, did not carry out Sergius' instructions, as a result of which he was paralyzed. Only at the tomb of the saint did he receive healing. The grave of Sergius was put in order, and miracles began to happen around it.

Folk omens October 20

The snow has fallen, but the leaves are still on the trees - a sign that the winter days are still far away.

Snow falls on wet ground, which means it will lie there for a long time, and vice versa

The moon is cloudy and pale - according to signs, snow will begin with frost in the near future.

We hope you enjoyed reading the material on this page and were satisfied with what you read. Agree, it is useful to know the history of events and dates, and also of those famous people who were born today, on the twentieth October day of autumn October 20, what mark this person left with his actions and deeds in the history of mankind, our world with you.

We are also sure that the folk signs of this day helped you understand some of the subtleties and nuances. By the way, with the help of them, you can check in practice the authenticity and veracity of folk signs.

Good luck to all of you in life, love and deeds, read more necessary, important, useful, interesting and informative - reading expands your horizons and develops imagination, learn about everything, develop diversified!

What is interesting and significant in world history on October 20, science, sports, culture, politics?

October 20, what events in the world history of science and culture are famous and interesting for this day?

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What is the national day of October 20 according to the calendar?

What folk signs and beliefs are associated with the day of October 20? What is celebrated on this day according to the Orthodox calendar?

What significant events and memorable dates are celebrated on October 20?

What significant historical events on October 20 and memorable dates in world history are celebrated on this summer day? Memorial Day of which famous and great people is October 20?

Which of the great, famous and famous died on October 20?

October 20, the Day of Remembrance of which famous, great and famous people of the world, historical figures, actors, artists, musicians, politicians, artists, athletes is celebrated on this day?

We offer the dates for the Great Easter of the Holy Orthodox Trinity for the next time period, you may be interested to know about them, about the days of these important church holidays for every believing Christian, or just out of curiosity. You will find out in the link of the day of the Orthodox Easter of a particular year, also about the Catholic Easter, the date of its celebration for Catholic Christians ... holiday dates in links...

Orthodox dates Easter until 2035 Holy Christ's Resurrection	Holy Orthodox dates Trinity until 2035 Pentecost

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Today is All-Ukrainian Day of Fight against Breast Cancer

It is held in accordance with the Decree of the President of January 17, 2005. The purpose of the day is to draw the attention of women to the seriousness of the risks of breast cancer, to inform them about the decisive factors in the prevention of breast cancer, about the prevention and treatment of this disease. Experts note: in Ukraine, one woman dies of breast cancer every hour. The main reason is the late diagnosis of the disease. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor of the glandular tissue of the breast. It is the most common form of cancer in the world, occurring in one in 13 women between the ages of 13 and 90 during their lifetime. It is also the second most common cancer after lung cancer in the general population (considering the male population). The incidence of breast cancer in developed countries has increased dramatically since the 1970s. This is explained, in particular, by a change in the lifestyle of the population of developed countries (for example, the number of children in families has decreased, and the duration of breastfeeding has decreased). In most cases, breast cancer is a sporadic disease, but in 5-10% it can be hereditary and manifests itself as a result of mutations in genes. In addition, age and female gender also increase the risk of developing a neoplasm. Other potential risk factors: abortion, lack of childbirth and breastfeeding, elevated estrogen levels. The international symbol for organizations and individuals that support the breast cancer program is the Pink Ribbon. The program is supported by the presidents of different countries at the state level, monarchs, famous doctors, show business stars, commercial and non-governmental organizations.

October 20 is traditionally celebrated around the world International Air Traffic Controller Day. 55 years ago (October 20, 1961) in Amsterdam (Netherlands), representatives of 12 countries created the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Associations (IFATCA) - an organization that today unites professional associations from 127 countries and represents the interests of more than 40 thousand air traffic controllers in different parts of the world planets. At the same time, the main goals of the Federation were formulated, which remain unchanged to this day, namely: flight safety, contribution to the development of air navigation systems, continuous improvement of the level of professionalism and qualifications of air traffic controllers, protection of their rights, as well as the development of mutually beneficial relations with other international organizations . The safety of passengers in the sky depends on many factors: on the pilots, on the reliability of the aircraft, on the technical staff of the airline, as well as on the air traffic controllers. This profession has a huge responsibility. In the history of aviation, there have been many plane crashes, the causes of which were the false actions of air traffic controllers. These people should not only possess impeccable professional skills, but also have special psychological training. Air traffic controllers or air traffic controllers are specialists who control and guarantee the safe and coordinated movement of aircraft on the ground and in the air in order to exclude their contact, and in special situations - to provide the aircraft crew with the necessary assistance. In Ukraine, the head organization that provides high-quality and safe air navigation services in the airspace of Ukraine and in the airspace over the high seas, where the responsibility for servicing air traffic is assigned to Ukraine by international agreements, is the State Enterprise of Air Traffic Services of Ukraine - UkSATSE. UkSATSE's area of ​​responsibility is 776442 sq. km. There are about 1,500 active air traffic controllers in Ukraine, most of whom are employees of the main provider of air navigation services, the State Air Traffic Services Enterprise of Ukraine.

Every year, chefs and culinary specialists from more than 70 countries of the world celebrate their professional holiday - International Chef's Day. The day was founded in 2004 by the World Association of Culinary Societies, which includes almost 8 million members - representatives of the culinary profession from all continents of the world. This year the theme of International Chef's Day is "The World on a Plate". It is known that the ancient Greeks honored the god of medicine Asclepius (aka the Roman Aesculapius). He had a daughter, Hygieia, the keeper of health (it was from her name that the word "hygiene" came from), but their assistant in all matters was the cook Kulina, who later became the patroness of the culinary art (an informal tenth muse), which was called "cooking" . And recipes for various dishes have been known to mankind since ancient Egypt and Babylon. Today, cooking is a real science and art at the same time. Ukrainian chefs and culinary experts also have something to boast about, because Ukrainian cuisine has existed for more than one century and has rich traditions. As they say, not only borscht and dumplings are alive.

Anniversaries of the day: 400 years since birth Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680), Danish anatomist, mathematician and theologian. Discovered the thoracic duct and the human lymphatic system (1652-1654). Twelve relatives of Thomas Bartholin became professors at the University of Copenhagen; Three generations of the Bartholin family made a significant contribution to the development of anatomy and medicine in the 17th-18th centuries.

Years since birth Kazimierz Jerzy Adolf Twardowski (1866-1938), a well-known Polish philosopher and logician, the founder of the Lvov-Warsaw philosophical school, the scientific heritage of which has long become the property of world philosophy. Student of Franz Brentano and Robert Zimmermann. Professor at Lviv University.

Years since birth James Chadwick (1891-1974), English physicist, discoverer of the neutron (1932), winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (1935).

Years since birth Bernard Serfuss (1911-1996), a famous French architect, a representative of functionalism. According to his designs, the UNESCO building (co-authored; Paris), the university complex in Tunisia, etc. were built.

Years since birth Konstantin Vladimirovich Filatov (1926-2006), Ukrainian painter, Honored Artist of Ukraine. Laureate of the State Prize. T. Shevchenko. The life and work of the artist are connected with Odessa. There he graduated from an art school, taught there for several years, and most of the artist's works are dedicated specifically to Odessa: "Dockers", "Peresyp. Odessa", "Odessa-port", "Ship repairmen".

Years since birth Elfried Jelinek (1946) Austrian writer and playwright. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (2004) "for the musical flow of conflicting voices in her novels and dramatic works." Author of the novels: "Mistresses", "Pianist", "Lust", "Children of the Dead", "Thirst", plays "Clara III". In addition to the Nobel Prize, Jelinek (professional musician) is the recipient of almost 30 different literary awards. In particular, she was awarded prestigious awards to them. Buechner and them. Heine. Jelinek's lyrics are always brash, shockingly bold in subject matter and built entirely on whimsical wordplay, making them virtually inaccessible to audiences outside the German-speaking area. It can be noted that for many years she has been writing one big book, the central themes of which stood out already in her first novels and continue to excite the writer to this day: sexuality, violence, sports, music, mass culture, neo-fascism. Although everything is interconnected in her texts: sex is violence and humiliation (primarily women), sport is also violence associated with discipline and training (primarily men), and fascism is subconsciously sublimated in sports, sex, violence. Reading Jelinek is not an easy task, and sometimes even very exhausting. This process can only be compared with a heavy climb into the mountains. Despite the heat (options: rain, snow or some other bad weather), despite fatigue, despite the frantic pace, you must scratch upwards, because ahead is a tireless, quick-footed guide, and you must (although you don’t want to) keep up with him. But, in the end, you are drawn in, a "second wind" imperceptibly opens, excitement appears, and the panorama that you see from the top is worth the hard climb. And the leader, that is, the author - in this case, Jelinek - can only be thanked for the intellectual pleasure received. It is unlikely that you will re-read her "light" heavy prose, but you can completely guarantee that from time to time you mentally return to it, because, despite the extreme density, concentration (at times "impenetrability") of the text, it has something that is inherent in the present a work of art - a living, albeit a peculiar atmosphere, a space for thought, interpretation, but only with an active intellectual position of the reader.

Death Anniversary: ​​95 years from death Ivan Mikhailovich Beley (1856-1926), Ukrainian journalist, translator and critic. Together with Ivan Franko and Mikhail Pavlik, he published the "Small Library" (1878-1879); edited the magazine "Mir", the newspaper "Delo". Beley is the author of articles about Gogol, Shashkevich, Rzhegorzh.

This number of the second winter month is ready to give all the inhabitants of the planet a huge number of celebrations.

UN Events October 20, 2020

world statistics day

In 1947, the UN Statistical Commission was created. She was able to set international methodological standards throughout her work. This commission plays a key role in improving the provision of assistance to states, their statistical reporting. Also, the commission can provide an unprecedented degree of data availability.

Such a celebration was created to draw public attention to the very important work that employees of statistical agencies perform every day. They must collect objective, accurate and comparable data. All aspects of modern life are permeated by statistics.

It also underpins many of the government's social and business decisions. Statistics can give insight and information about the forces and trends that can affect our lives.

World celebrations October 20, 2020

International Chef's Day

Every year on October 20, Chef's Day is celebrated all over the world. The holiday was created in 2004, and the initiator was the World Association of Culinary Societies. The solemn event in more than 70 countries received a large-scale character.

In addition to the culinary specialists themselves, the authorities, business owners and employees of travel companies can take part in the organization. All these people arrange competitions among cooks, experiment with dishes and hold tastings. The profession of a cook can be called one of the most sought after in the world, as well as an ancient one.

History does not tell us who was the first to decide to cook game meat along with berries that were collected in the forest. The ancient Greeks, for example, had the god of healing Asclepius. But his faithful assistant was the cook Kulina. She became the patroness of the art of cooking.

international air traffic controller day

On October 20, 1961, the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Associations was established in Amsterdam. In the history of the development of air transport, such an event was a significant milestone. It was thanks to him that a professional holiday appeared.

For dispatchers, such a celebration was an opportunity to once again emphasize the importance of their profession. Also today you can draw attention to your work of the entire public, and declare your achievements. It is in the hands of these workers that the safety of heaven lies.

The employees have a great responsibility, so very high demands are placed on their professionalism. Air traffic control specialists must not only be fluent in professional skills, but also have special psychological training.

International Credit Union Day

This celebration takes place on the third Thursday of October every year. This celebration has been continuously celebrated since 1948. Since then, many events have taken place: charity events, open days of branches and unions, competitions, fairs, and so on. A credit union is an organization for the financial mutual assistance of citizens.

This organization is one of the most attractive and massive for the population. From the middle of the 19th century, the ideas and concepts of cooperation came into use. Then they were able to get great popularity in Europe. Robert Owen can be considered the founder of the cooperative philosophy.

It should also be noted that 1948 was the second date for the establishment of Credit Union Day. And in 1927 the first idea of ​​the celebration was announced.

Russian holiday October 20, 2020

Day of the military signalman in Russia

In our country, every year on October 20, the Day of the military signalman is held. This professional celebration is celebrated by all employees and servicemen of the Signal Corps. In 1919, October 20 is the day of the creation of the Signal Corps.

By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, a communications department was created, headed by the head of communications. Such a service was allocated to a special service of headquarters, and the signal troops became independent troops. It was then that the structure of the modern signal troops was laid. Military communication in its development was able to go through a difficult and long path, which is inextricably linked with the history of the creation of the Armed Forces.

Today, this system is a complex multifunctional organism. It can also include multilayer communication nodes for various purposes, many thousands of kilometers of radio lines and other types of communication.

Folk calendar for October 20, 2020

Sergey Zimniy

On such a date, people celebrate the memory of two saints who bore the name Sergius. The first of them was Sergius of the Caves, who lived in the 13th century. And the second is Sergius Nuromsky, who lived in the 15th century. Both were pure-hearted and kind.

The second saint was a disciple of Sergius of Radonezh, whom he came to after hearing about his exploits. And when, many years after his death, Sergius Nuromsky came to the pious man Nicephorus, he asked to clear his grave.

Nikifor thought that it was just a dream, and in his punishment he could no longer move. Only at the tomb of St. Nicephorus was he able to receive healing. On such a day, the people were not surprised by the frosts that could suddenly come. Therefore, Sergei received the nickname - Winter.

What people celebrate name day on October 20, 2020

Joseph, Mark, Nikolai, Pelageya, Sergei, Julian.

Historical facts

• 1714 - Peter I issued a Decree on the prohibition of stone construction throughout Russia, except for St. Petersburg.
• 1740 - Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria is declared the heiress of Charles VI of Habsburg.
• 1827 - the Battle of Navarino took place.
• 1880 - The Moscow circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard welcomed the first spectators.

Popular personalities and their birthdays

1. Dmitry Donskoy 1350 - Grand Duke of Moscow.
2. Oskar Swan 1847 - Swedish shooter.
3. James Chadwick 1891 English physicist.
4. Enrique Bernat 1923 - Spanish businessman.
5. Igor Gorbachev 1927 - Russian film and theater actor.
6. Yeremey Parnov 1935 - Soviet writer.
7. Valery Borzov 1949 - Soviet athlete.
8. Thomas Newman 1955 is an American composer.
9. Vladimir Solovyov 1963 - Russian journalist.
10. Callie Minogue 1971 - Australian singer.
11. Dmitry Alenichev 1972 - Russian football player.

Significant events in the world of music - BIRTHDAYS

W eminent German flute virtuoso and composer, a prominent representative of the German romantic school Anton Bernhard Furstenau was born October 20, 1792. He began to study the flute at the age of 6 under the guidance of his father. From an early age he toured a lot, performing with his father. AT 1815 while giving concerts in Prague, Furstenau was seen Weber. With 1817 he was a soloist of the city symphony orchestra in Frankfurt am Main, and with 1820 and until the end of life Furstenau- the first flutist in the Royal Orchestra of Dresden, which he conducted Carl Maria von Weber.

Furstenau often gave concerts in various European countries. He occasionally toured with his son Moritz, also an excellent flutist.

From 1825 on 1844 Fürstenau wrote a number of articles on musical styles and several flute tutorials. Among them is "The Art of Playing the Flute" ( 1844 ).

M a linguist and choir conductor was born October 20, 1848. During his studies, he directed student choirs, arranged charity concerts, and actively performed in chamber ensembles. After graduating from the university, together with the scientist Nikolai Ilminsky, he founded Kazan Teacher's Seminary where he taught singing.

17 -years of experience in pedagogical, musical-performing and scientific-educational activities of the Kazan period allowed Stepan Smolensky in 1889 to lead and then completely reform the Moscow Synodal School. AT 1889-1901 Stepan Smolensky worked as the director of this institution. With his arrival, the Synodal School and the choir rose to an unprecedented level of professionalism and artistic excellence, which in the historical perspective served as the foundation for a new stage in the development of Russian choral culture, performance and education.

BUT American composer Charles Edward Ives was born October 20, 1874. Started writing music from 90s XIX century, but until the end 30s His writings were unknown in the 20th century. Music Ives, which developed American folklore, religious and popular motifs, but at the same time was prone to experiment, was rarely performed during his lifetime. The situation changed when Ives became a laureate Pulitzer Prize (1947 ) behind 3rd symphony written in 1911.

H real recognition Ives received posthumously when American musicians discovered in his artistic heritage the features of an original creative personality of a brightly national warehouse and proclaimed Ives founder of the new American school. Currently Ives recognized as one of the most significant composers in the United States. C 1970 The American Academy of Arts and Letters awards young composers an annual award Charles Ives.

H most famous writings Charles Edward Ives– 2nd piano sonata ( Concord, 1909-15 ), 3rd and 4th Symphony, Overture No. 2. Charles Edward Ives- author of six symphonies, cantatas "Sky Country", two string quartets, five sonatas for violin and piano, many chamber works for various compositions, a collection "114 songs" and etc.

- Russian composer and musical figure - was born October 20, 1883. Studied cello and composition at the Moscow Conservatory. He taught at the Moscow People's Conservatory.

AT early writings Crane(romances, instrumental pieces and chamber ensembles) the influence of Alexandra Scriabin. The works are related to Jewish themes and folklore. Among the works: "Poem" for cello and piano ( 1909 ), "Poem Quartet" (1910 ), two suites for clarinet and string quartet "Jewish Sketches" (1910 , 1911 ), "Jewish caprice" for violin and piano ( 1917 ), "Songs of the Ghetto" (1916-1923 ), "Song of Songs" (1918 ) for voice and piano. There is also a cantata "Kaddish" (1922 ), whose music was written for the performances "Habima" and "Goset". Clavier "Kadisha" was published in Vienna 1928, and the score was destroyed there by the Nazis in 1930s wrote many musical numbers for performances: "Night at the Old Market" (1925 ), "Sabbatai Zvi" (1927 ) and others. Also among his works are opera "Zagmuk" (1930 ), "Ten Jewish Songs" (1937 ) and many romances in verse Ilya Ehrenburg and Chaim Bialik.

And from works Crane on non-Jewish themes, the most famous ballets "Laurencia" (1939 ) and "Tatyana" (1943 ) and music for the performance "Dance teacher"(author - Lope de Vega, 1946 ).

BUT American rock musician Thomas(Volume) Earl Petty was born October 20, 1950. With a group The Heartbreakers he appeared on the horizon of American rock music in 1976 when the album of the same name was released. The musician achieved his first success in the UK. The band's third album Damn the Torpedoes (1979 ), peaked at #2 in the US and stayed at #1 in the UK until the release of the legendary "The Wall" from Pink Floyd.

In 1981 a very successful duo went on sale petty co Stevie Nicks from Fleetwood Mac – "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around". petty one of the first rockers to shoot music videos for all his singles.

In 1989 with the support of friends, he released his first solo album - "Full Moon Fever", the main hit of which was the song "Free Fallin'". Second solo album "Wildflowers", went out to 1994 , the third ( "Highway Companion") 12 years later. Both were successful. July 29, 2014 saw the light "Hypnotic Eye", 13th studio album Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.

October 2, 2017 Petty found in his house unconscious due to complete cardiac arrest. The musician in the hospital was connected to a life support system, but later it was decided to turn off the system. In the last years of his life, he was known for his criticism of American show business. He saw the cause of the rock music crisis in the commercialization of radio stations and in the disappearance of independent transmission networks.

Thomas Montgomery Newman was born October 20, 1955. American composer specializes in creating soundtracks for films (more than 60).

Newman began his career as a composer 1984 with the creation of music for the film "Fearless". After 10 years Thomas received two Academy nominations for the scores for Little Women and The Shawshank Redemption. Newman was the only two-time nominee that year. In recent years, he has achieved success composing scores for American Beauty (winner of the Grammy Award for Best Original Score), Cursed Road, Finding Nemo, Lemony Snicket: 33 Troubles, Erin Brockovich, Good German" and "WALL-E".

Newman He also writes music for television, including the theme music for Boston Public and the mini-series Angels in America. His theme song for the series "Six Feet Under" won two Grammy awards in 2003- "Best Instrumental Composition" and "Best Instrumental Arrangement". Thomas Montgomery Newman is the most nominated living composer who has never received an Oscar since Alexa Norta.

In 2012 the composer wrote the music for the films And the Heavens Fall and The Marigold Hotel. The best of the exotic."

X Orvatian pianist was born October 20, 1958. He began learning to play the piano at the age of seven, at twelve he entered the Central Music School at the Moscow Conservatory, in 1975 to the conservatory itself.

In 1978(year of graduation from the conservatory) Pogorelich won the piano competition in Terni(Italy), and two years later - on International competition in Montreal. The pianist's name gained wide popularity in 1980 when on the tenth International competition named after in Warsaw, a scandal erupted over the decision of the jury not to let Pogorelich for the third round. In protest, one of the jury members, Martha Argerich, left the competition. Just one year later, 1981 , Pogorelich with great success he played a solo concert at Carnegie Hall, launching his international performing career. The musician performs a lot both solo and with an orchestra, tours in many countries of the world.

is a virtuoso pianist with a wide palette of sounds and an original sense of tempo. His repertoire ranges from music and Scarlatti before . The pianist made a large number of recordings. Pogorelich is active in social activities, helping young musicians by organizing festivals, competitions and summer courses. AT 1988 UNESCO has elected a Goodwill Ambassador.

October 20, 1971 was born Tom Chaos(Vyacheslav Zinurov) - choreographer, author and arranger of almost all the band's songs "Dirty scammers".

H He started his musical career as a DJ. He actively promoted dance music in 1990s. Before participating in the “scammers”, he had his own dance school and a professional team of 12 girls who later starred in the video “I'm learning to dance”.

Tom Chaos he always professionally approaches the creation of music, which, in his opinion, has no boundaries and should not be driven into rigid stylistic frameworks. He confirmed this thesis on a personal example: the musician was awarded the title of laureate of "Song of the Year" three times. As an author of electronic works, Tom Chaos- winner of the famous St. Petersburg Competition "New Composers".

BUT Australian singer-songwriter born October 20, 1971. Together with her older sister, she began her career with roles in Australian soap operas as soon as she was 7 years old. A year later Danny noticed the producers of the popular show of young talents "Young Talent Time". We can say that from that moment her musical career began. AT 1985 on the hits collection of this show, the first solo song was released - "Material Girl"(cover song).

In 1991 the world saw a solo single Danny Minow G "Love & Kisses", a self-titled album followed 3 months later. The single became incredibly successful in both Australia and England. The album also received the status of "gold" in England. This was followed by the release of four more singles from this disc. AT October 1992 second album released "Get Into You".

In 1997 Danny released a new song "All I Wanna Do", which became "gold" in Australia, in the UK, the song managed to get to 4th place. In the same year, the third studio album was released under the title "Girl".

P Evangelical career is very eventful with numerous ups and downs, as well as lulls in creativity. Minogue does more than just music.

(real name Calvin Broadus) was born October 20, 1971.

D It's hard to imagine that this man, whose name is now in the tabloids, used to play the piano, go to church regularly and even sang in the church choir. Immediately after leaving school Snoop there were problems with the law: he was arrested for possession of drugs. This is not the only time the future rapper has ended up in jail. A serious passion for rap occurs precisely in captivity. Helped a novice rap artist a lot Dr. Dre. It was he who, after getting acquainted with the demo compositions Snoop believed in his talent. So before, a criminal and once a member of the Crips gang, a promising future opened up.

In 1993 first studio album released Doggy style which brought him widespread popularity. Second album "The Dogfather" came out three years later, as the rapper got into trouble with the law again.

In 1998 the rapper signed a contract with the label "No Limit Records" and recorded three albums one after another. Today he raps not only solo. Tracks recorded jointly with other performers are regularly released. He has won dozens of awards, including the most prestigious Grammy and MTV Music Awards. Fall 2012 album released Snoop – "Reincarnated".

Significant events in the world of music - DAYS OF MEMORY

Ronald Wayne "Ronnie" Van Zant was born January 15, 1948. American musician, primarily known as a vocalist, primary songwriter, and founding member of the band Lynyrd Skynyrd.

H The national popularity of the team began in 1973, after the release of the debut album "Pronounced 'L h-'nйrd 'Skin-'nйrd", which included such hits as "I Ain't the One", "Tuesday's Gone", "Gimme Three Steps", "Simple Man", as well as the magnum opus of the group - the song "Free Bird", which was later dedicated to the memory of the guitarist The Allman Brothers Band, Dauina Allman a, crashed on a motorcycle in 1971.

E The song brought more popularity to the group "Sweet Home Alabama" released on the second album "Second Helping" and became their biggest hit.

Group Lynyrd Skynyrd

October 20, 1977 Plane hired for American tour crashed during flight Lynyrd Skynyrd from South Carolina to Louisiana. perished three of the then already 10 members of the group: a vocalist and two recruits Steve and Cassie Gaines. The rest escaped with injuries. The survivors formed a new composition called The Rossington Collins Band, but in 1986 a new blow was waiting for them when the guitarist Allen Collins got into a car accident, during which his girlfriend died, and he was paralyzed. Four years later he died.

In 1987 Lynyrd Skynyrd gathered again for a tour in memory of the tragic anniversary, the younger brother, who had previously performed solo, became the vocalist Ronnie – Johnny. With 1991 The group has reopened.

And singer of songs and romances was born May 11, 1905 in a family of gypsy musicians. My father created an ensemble of singers and dancers and organized a tour of Russia. At wali had four older brothers: Ivan, Nicholas, Alyosha and Dmitry and also sister Marusya. Each of the children in the ensemble was assigned a role. Subsequently Valentine sang a lot with her brother Alyosha.

AT the beginning of the Civil War Dimitrievichi went to Vladivostok, and from there to China. They performed in Japan, the Philippines, India, Greece, Morocco, Spain. AT 1929 they moved to France. Senior Dimitrievich opened a Russian restaurant - cabaret "Golden Fish". AT 1940 new emigration to South America. Ensemble Dimitrievich performed on the stage of theaters in Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay.

In 1960 father died, sister Marusya, and soon - brother Ivan. Alexei traveled a lot, danced. Valya called him to her. He arrived in Paris at 1961 and soon began to sing.

Valentine and Alexei Dimitrievich

In 1962 with the help of the famous writer Kessel, a record appeared "Last Voices of the Gypsies". Signed up for it Valya Dimitrievich and Volodya Polyakov. Alyosha accompanied them on guitar. The next album was released in 1968. On her Alyosha Dmitrievich singing with his friend Yul Brynner- a famous American actor of Russian origin. The third record came out two years later: the record wali and Alyosha Dimitrievich. Valya differed from her brother more "classical". This can be heard both in the voice and in the repertoire. "Black eyes" her performance is a true masterpiece. Tabor songs Valya she often sang first in gypsy, then in Russian. The gramophone legacy of both Dimitrievich- four disks.

Died October 20, 1983 and buried in Saint-Genevier-des-Bois, not far from Alyosha.

Significant events in the world of music - SIGNIFICANT DATES

October 20, 1960 Roy Orbison earned his first hit with the song "One The Lonely". This song has been abandoned. The Everly Brothers and therefore Orbison decided to record it myself.

October 20, 1962 American folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary hit the top of the US charts with her self-titled debut album.

October 20, 1964 The Rolling Stones gave their first concert in Paris. As a result of the riots, 150 people were arrested.

And October 20, 1969 released two records in the US: a single "Cold Turkey" / "Don't Worry Kyoko" and album "Wedding Album".

October 20, 1973 The Rolling Stones reached number 1 in the US with the single "Angie", the seventh chart-topper in the band's discography. At home, the song reached only the 5th line of the hit parade.

AT New York October 20, 1976 premiered a concert film by the British band Led Zeppelin "The Song Remains The Same". On the day of the premiere, 25 thousand dollars were collected, which were sent to a charitable foundation that provides assistance to needy children.

October 20, 1978 Group The Police performed in the US for the first time. The guys flew to a concert in New York on a low-cost airline, and they carried the instruments with them as hand luggage.

October 20, 1979 reached number 1 in America with the album "The Long Run" where they stayed for 9 weeks. This record became the fourth # 1 in the States.

October 20, 1984 Group wham! Topped the UK charts with the single Freedom. The song was used in an advertisement for "Maxell" audio cassettes with altered lyrics.

The CharlatansOctober 20, 1990 reached number 1 in the UK with their debut LP "Some Friendly".

October 20, 1994 group vocalist Pulp Jarvis Cocker presented the edition of the British music show "Top Of The Pops" with Michelle Gaif, Let Loose and INXS.

The Prodigy embarked on a 12-day tour of the UK October 20, 1994.

October 20, 2001 New York hosted a grand charity Concert for New York featuring musicians Rolling Stones by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, Who, Billy Joel and etc.

10 years ago rapper song Nellie and singers Kelly Rowland "Dilemma" took 1st place in Britain, where it lasted 2 weeks.

BUT forehead "Natural Forces" by Lyle Lovett released October 20, 2009. The singer covered the famous song Tammy Wynette "Stand By Your Man".

Updated: April 13, 2019 by: Elena