Does the word “statement” make your heart race and your palms sweat? You don't like this type of study paper, because the grades for it always spoil the score in the subject? hurries to the rescue to let you in on the secrets of written retellings of the text.

In short, the presentation is a cross between a dictation and an essay: a ready-made text must be perceived, comprehended and reproduced. Since the teacher gives detailed instructions for writing a retelling of the text, we will not describe the entire process in stages, but will concentrate on the most problematic points. What is worth remembering?

Keep your ears open

Take a couple of pens or pencils to class and focus. This will warn you against possible fails: you got distracted and listened to a piece of text, did not have time to make notes due to the end of the refill in the pen or a broken pencil.

Don't Forget About Presentation

Presentations are control and training, detailed and brief. It can be a text-narrative, description or reasoning. Therefore, pay attention to the conditions for writing a statement. If the teacher asks you to write a detailed presentation, try to remember or write down small details, keep the author's constructions and direct speech. When you need to write a summary, do not get hung up on the details, try to convey only the most basic, revealing the topic and idea of ​​the text.

Follow the teacher's instructions

Do not ignore the teacher's instructions if you want to get a high score. While listening to the text, imagine it in your head in the form of images, together with everyone participate in drawing up a plan for the text, do not write during the first reading, do not rush to transfer the text to a clean copy until such a command has been given.

Leave blank lines in draft

Since you won’t be able to immediately write down the entire text during the second reading, leave more empty space on the draft - you will later enter the missing information there.

It is more convenient to write a draft presentation with a pencil or capillary pen

cut it down

When taking notes, do not write down long words in full, shorten them. But don't overdo it.

Use every minute

Do not be distracted by extraneous matters, but effectively spend the time provided to you: add abbreviated words in the draft, delve into the content. Remember: the theme of the text is revealed in micro-themes - paragraphs. Therefore, try to write down the first sentence of each paragraph, which is the thesis that is revealed in the following sentences.

If in doubt, replace

Underline the words you have doubts about spelling. Mark the sentences where you have punctuated but are still not sure. Remember that the presentation gives you the right to choose. Don't know how to spell a word? Replace it with a synonym or omit it (if the meaning does not change). Don't know what punctuation marks to use? Rephrase the sentence.

double check yourself

The text is a single semantic whole. So, all its parts must be interconnected. Read the draft at least twice. The thought does not jump, everything is easily perceived? Is the theme and main idea revealed? Therefore, you wrote the text well.

Remember the paragraph

The presence of paragraphs is an integral part of the text of the presentation. Be sure to check whether you have kept their borders everywhere. The number of paragraphs should not be less than the points of the plan.

We wish you high marks for presentation! Moreover, this is one of the final exams in grade 11, which. And if you need to pull up the school curriculum in Russian, then those who will explain the difficult moments on the fingers.

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Relative to to the volume of the original text presentations are detailed and concise. It is this type of presentation that lays note-taking skills.

By

According to the way of perception read and based on heard text and also combined

By the nature of the text

For the purpose of the presentation

Expressively reads the text;

Evaluation of presentations

Additionally:

How to write a concise summary?

First, let's remember what a presentation is.

Statement- a type of work based on an oral or written retelling of the source text. concise statement- This is a brief, generalized transfer of the content of the source text.

In a concise presentation, it is necessary to reflect the content of the original text as much as possible, using minimal speech means.

A concise presentation is the first task that you have to complete at the OGE in the Russian language.

How to write a presentation in Russian?

This task is designed to test the skills of information processing of text.

According to the succinct evaluation criteria,

you need to complete the following tasks:

1) To convey the main content of the listened text without missing a single micro-theme;

2) Apply at least one method of text compression;

3) Write a paper without logical errors and violations of paragraph articulation of the text (approximate volume is 90-110 words).

Listening to text

The most difficult task is to memorize and write down the text.

The original text is played twice. Between the first and second reading you will have 3-4 minutes to comprehend the text.

At the first reading, try to understand the essence of the text, its main problem. Follow the development of microthemes, remember their position and sequence.

Leave gaps between entries: this will give you the opportunity (on the second reading and editing) to insert words, phrases and even sentences. Try to make a plan, formulating each microtopic in the form of a thesis.

On the second reading, check if you remember correctly the sequence of the disclosure of the topic and the author's reasoning. Complete your entries.

Micro topics

In the process of listening to the text, it is necessary to mentally divide it into its component parts - microthemes.

A micro-topic is the content of several sentences united by one thought. A micro-topic is part of the general theme of the text and, as a rule, is a separate paragraph (or several). In the text of the condensed presentation, all microthemes of the source text should be noted, otherwise the score will be reduced.

Methods of compression (compression) of text

The meaning of text compression is to leave the main information, reducing the secondary.

There are three language ways to compress text: elimination, generalization and simplification (replacement).

1. Exception

introductory words;

Homogeneous members of the proposal;

Replays;

Similar examples;

Rhetorical questions and exclamations;

Details containing secondary, non-essential information;

Explanations;

reasoning;

Descriptions;

Words, sentences that can be removed without affecting the content.

2. Generalization or union

Parts of offers;

Specific, single facts, events, phenomena;

A series of sentences connected by one thought;

Parts of offers;

Concrete, single facts, events, phenomena.

3. Simplification (replacement)

Complex sentence - simple;

Parts of a sentence or a series of sentences by a common concept or expression;

Direct speech - indirect;

Parts of the text in one sentence;

Parts of a sentence by a pronoun, etc.

31. Presentation, types of presentations, methods of their implementation.

Reproduction of the text has an oral form - retelling and a written form - presentation. The presentation is a traditional method of working on the development of students' speech and serves to form listening, memorizing, text reproduction skills and to enrich the vocabulary and grammatical structure of students' speech, as well as to develop speech-thinking mechanisms, train memory, consolidate and test spelling skills and abilities.

Classification of presentations occurs on different grounds.

Relative to to the volume of the original text presentations are detailed and concise.

How to write an essay. Memo.

It is this type of presentation that lays note-taking skills.

By relation to the content of the original text presentations are complete, selective (one of the micro-topics of the text is selected) or supplementary (students must complete the text with an ending, beginning, descriptions or reasoning. This type of work is called a presentation with composition elements) source text.

Presentation with an additional task (either complicated or creative) may consist in replacing the face of the narrator.

According to the way of perception the original text of the presentation is divided into those written on the basis of read and based on heard text and also combined(part of the text is perceived by ear, part is stated after reading).

By the nature of the text statements are divided into statements of a narrative nature with elements of description, statement-description, statement-reasoning, statement-characteristics.

For the purpose of the presentation divided into training and control.

How should a teaching presentation be conducted?

Directly in the lesson, the preparation is as follows: the teacher

Expressively reads the text;

Explains incomprehensible words and expressions;

Conducts a discussion with the class on the content.

During the conversation, the teacher seeks answers to the following questions:

1) What is the main idea of ​​the text?

2) What parts is the text divided into?

3) What is the relationship between the parts?

4) What artistic means reveals the main idea?

The presentation is a necessary method, transitional from the transformation of the finished text to the creation of one's own statement.

Evaluation of presentations

The approximate amount of text for a detailed presentation - a presentation close to the text - is determined for grade 5 at 100–150 words, for grade 6 - 150–200, for grade 7 - at 200–250, for grade 8 - at 250–350, for grade 9 - in 350–450 words.

The volume of texts of control presentations in grades 8 and 9 can be increased by 50 words due to the fact that preparatory work is not carried out at such lessons.

Additionally:

Since there are typical errors when writing a presentation, it is advisable to draw up the requirements for this type of written work in the form of a memo.

Do not try to reproduce the text verbatim!

Do not repeat the same words (proper names, verbs of movement and speech, etc.).

Alternate different types of sentences and use only studied ones.

Use personal pronouns correctly.

For the presentation methodology, the following should be borne in mind: presentations based on the heard, that is, perceived only by ear, text present a significant difficulty for many students (especially visuals), as they require a lot of concentration, so the teacher must purposefully teach children the stages of perception and text processing.

How to get the best results when preparing to write a summary

Baranova N.N., Russian language teacher
(Faculty of pre-university training of TulSU)

Briefly summarizing the text you have heard is a difficult task, so we recommend first work with the text that can be seen, read. The text, visually perceived, is convenient for the first stage of learning a concise presentation, it is quite easy to work out various compression techniques on it.

How to write an essay concisely and correctly?

The sequence of work in the visual perception of the text

1. Read the original text.
2. Underline key words and sentences.
3. Highlight micro-themes in the text or formulate them yourself.
4. Highlight the components in the text (words, phrases, sentences) that can be compressed.
5. Reduce text using various compression methods.
6. Check the text for the presentation of all micro-themes, their sequence and the accuracy of each of them.
7. Check the connection between the parts of the presentation.
8. Check the author's intent.
9. Write a concise summary.
10. As practice shows, when completing this task, students follow one of two ways of writing a presentation.

First way:

• writing a detailed presentation;
• compression of a detailed presentation to the required volume.

Second way:

• a brief record of the micro-themes of the presentation;
• “building up” within each micro-theme to the required volume (compression is performed at the level of inner speech).

Whichever path you choose, supporting (key) words or phrases and a well-written plan will help you write a summary.

After the first stage of work on reducing the text is mastered, you can move on to a more complex form - a presentation in the text, unheard of. Preliminary records will help to build the work logically; on their basis, a detailed plan is drawn up. Drawing up a plan is an extremely important method of preparing for a presentation, activating the process of analyzing, comprehending and reproducing the text. It is a detailed plan that will not allow to remove information important for the content from the text; thanks to it, the sequence and connectedness of the parts will also be preserved.

The sequence of work in the perception of the text by ear

1. Listen to the original text.
2. Formulate the main theme and idea of ​​the text (what is the text about? what did the author want to say?).
3. Record the sequence of events, reasoning:

• in the narrative - the beginning of the event, its course, climax, end;
• in the description - the subject of speech and its significant, essential features;
• in reasoning - general provisions, arguments, evidence, conclusion.

Make a detailed plan of the text, highlighting the micro-themes of each part of the text.

Choose compression methods for each part of the text.

Using these methods, shorten the text, keeping the main information and all micro-topics.

Check the semantic and grammatical connection between the parts of the presentation, as well as the presence of the original author's intention.

Write a concise summary.

Reread the received text and count the number of words (there should be at least 70). If the volume is smaller, you need to determine the part that can be expanded.

After checking the presentation from the content side, carefully check the text for grammatical, speech, spelling and punctuation errors.

Write a concise summary.

Text comprehension or listening

Listening (from Latin audire - “to hear”) is the process of perception and understanding of the speaker's speech. The main goal of listening is to understand the content of someone else's speech, other people's thoughts and the idea underlying the oral statement.

According to scientists, not everyone can hear (perceive, understand) the speech of the interlocutor. Meanwhile, the ability to listen is an indicator of a person’s speech culture, a manifestation of the ability to adequately understand and correctly evaluate sounding speech. This skill is the most important condition for the successful mastering of the basic sciences in various school subjects.

Perception is a process that requires increased concentration of attention. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly formulate the goal of listening to yourself and try to subordinate all work with the sounding text to it. Carefully follow the intonation of the reader, which words are highlighted especially (it is with their help that the listener's attention is drawn to key concepts, thoughts).

It is known that audio information is perceived much easier if it is supported by visual clarity. In the exam, the role of visual aids in listening can be performed by keywords, a plan (simple, detailed, thesis).

If at the first listening to the text of the presentation or immediately after it you managed to make a list of keywords, then the second listening becomes purposeful, meaningful and in-depth, since this working material becomes a visual support that is included in the reception of audio information and to a certain extent simplifies this process.

The perception of the text requires the ability to immerse yourself in the author's intention, the idea of ​​the work, the ability to structure the content, identify micro-themes and see how they are interconnected. Unfortunately, experts often note the fact that the text is perceived by the writer formally, and this is reflected in the presentation: external signs of coherence are preserved, but the meaning is nevertheless distorted or completely lost. To avoid this phenomenon, delve into the meaning of the text you have listened to or read, formulate the theme and idea of ​​the work, find key words, highlight micro-themes. Such an analysis will allow you to correctly carry out the following part of the work − compression.

Text compression

The degree of compression of the source text in the presentation may be different, but it is not the degree of compression of the text that is important, but whether the graduate can convey the content of the source text in a compressed way. A concise presentation should be short in form, but not poor in content. Please note that the abstract must be at least 70 words long.

Care must be taken to ensure that all the micro-themes of the original text are preserved in a concise presentation. Recall that the requirements for a condensed presentation say that now the source text contains 3 microtopics.

Basic text compression techniques

There are various approaches to determining the methods and techniques of text compression - linguistic and content. However, it should be noted that if the Methodists are unanimous in relation to the content methods, then the linguistic methods of folding themselves are called by them differently.

To the main linguistic To methods of compression of the source text, some authors refer to:

1. Exception:

• repetitions;
• one or more of the synonyms;
• clarifying and explanatory constructions;
• a sentence fragment containing secondary, non-essential information;
• one or more sentences containing secondary, non-essential information.

Generalization:

• replacement of homogeneous members with a generalized name;
• replacement of a sentence or part of it with a definitive or negative pronoun with a generalizing meaning.

Simplification (or a combination of exclusion and generalization):

• merging several sentences into one;
• replacing a sentence or part of it with a demonstrative pronoun;
• replacing a complex sentence with a simple one;
• replacing a fragment of a sentence with a synonymous expression;
• replacing direct speech with indirect speech.

1. Exception:

• individual members of the proposal;
• homogeneous members;
• repetitions;
• one or more synonyms;
• a fragment of a sentence that is less significant, etc.

Replacement:

• homogeneous members with a generalizing word;
• sentence fragment with a syntactic synonym;
• direct indirect speech;
• a sentence or part of it with a demonstrative pronoun, a complex sentence with a simple one, etc.

Merging:

• two simple sentences or a complex and a simple one. As a rule, it is accompanied by a replacement or an exception.

Syntactic compression provides for the compression of a sentence by skipping predicates (ellipting), incompleteness, non-conjunction, syntactic asymmetry (skipping the logical links of the statement). The degree of compression of the original version of the text is determined by the set communicative task and can be different - from a slight reduction to compression into one sentence, which expresses the main idea of ​​the work.

Whichever option you choose, the principles of compression are the same. Let's consider them.

Basic principles of text compression

1. You must demonstrate not so much reproductive as productive communication skills.
2. Abbreviations in the text should not be random, subjective.
3. The result of compression should be a coherent, logical abbreviated text, and not its outline or detailed retelling.
4. It is necessary to keep all micro-themes in the new text and not to miss the idea (main idea) of the original text. The main content forms of compression can be called the following:

• separation information on the main and secondary, the exclusion of non-essential and secondary information;
• clotting initial information due to generalization (translation of the particular into the general).

So, the choice of compression method in each specific case depends on the communicative task, the lexical and grammatical features of the text and your preparedness. However, no matter what methods you choose to emphasize the main content of the text, a concise presentation should meet the following methodological requirements:

• maintaining consistency in the development of events; in the presence of sentences expressing a thought common to each semantic part;
• establishing a semantic and grammatical connection between sentences;
• the use of relevant, precise and concise linguistic means of generalized transmission of content.

In the 1st part of the exam, experts check the following: communication and speech skills graduate:

• the ability to select in the source text the main (relative to parts of the source text) and the essential (within each main part);
• the ability to shorten text in different ways;
• the ability to correctly and logically express their thoughts;
• the ability to accurately use language means of generalized transmission of content.

List of sources used

Russian language. 9th grade. Preparation for the OGE. Teaching aid. (Under the editorship of N. A. Senina) Publishing house "Legion". Rostov-on-Don. 2016.

Return to the section "Information"

Reminder for students

"How to write a summary"

1. Listen to the text.

2. After reading the text for the first time, follow these steps:

Determine the topic of the text (what is the text about?).

Formulate the main idea (what does the text teach?).

Determine the style of the text and the type of speech, the features of the construction of the text (in the narrative - the beginning of the event, its course, the most critical moment of the plot, the end; in the description - the subject of speech and its significant, essential features; in reasoning - the general position, arguments, evidence, conclusion ).

3. Make a detailed plan of the text, highlighting the micro-themes of each part and heading them.

4. Write the titles of the plan items, leaving room for key words.

5. Listen to the text a second time.

6. Working with a detailed plan of the text, note in it the essential and details in each part.

How to write a presentation in the 9th grade at the OGE?

Determine the method of reducing the text (exclusion, generalization).

7. Make a concise plan of the text, taking into account the semantic connections between the episodes (temporal, spatial, etc.).

8. Write a concise summary of each part, link them together to make a text.

9. Remember the main condition: you must convey the content of both each microtopic and the entire text as a whole.

The volume of presentation is not less than 90 words.

Write your essay in neat, legible handwriting.

The main means of communication between sentences in the text

Tool name
1. Substitute words	pronounsgirl - she adverbs in the forest - there synonyms quickly, swiftly various appraisal designations brave man - hero generic words trees - birches proper name - common noun officer - Sobolevsky
2. Lexical repetitions	golden shelf - this is the one that starts only for your favorite books. I've been dreaming about this for a long time golden shelf .(Yu. Olesha)
3. Correspondence of types of tense verb forms	One day man beret a book in hand. Him open eyes on the world checks his words and deeds, he shapes yourself as a person. (L. Vasilyeva)
4. Prepositions	The main and invariable sign of the success of a work of art is the desire to return to it, re-read it and repeat the pleasure. By virtue of life circumstances, we may not return to our favorite work, but the very hope, the dream of returning to it warms the heart, gives vitality. (F. Iskander)
5. Anaphora (unity) and epiphora (ending)	away there was a terrible noise. away guns roared. away army columns moved slowly.
6. Parallelism	…what you know in childhood - you know for life... what you do not know in childhood - you do not know for life (M. Tsvetaeva).
7. Contrasting	She is laughed louder, took his arm and stretched forward . He backed away back . (Chekhov A.P.)
8. Interrogative sentences.	What are these words? There are so many of them that it is not even known what words to start with.
	1. Faraday was the hero of my childhood. I too wanted to be a great scientist. (D. Granin) 2. Escalators, computers, department stores, teletypes - all this is invented in order to save a person time. However for some reason, the lack of this time in a person increases. (D. Granin)
10. Word order in a sentence (direct, reverse)	Under the roof canopy, on the very edge of the dormer window, next to two white doves sitting …Both got ruffled , and everyone feels with its wing the wing of a neighbor ... (I.S. Turgenev)
11. Consistency in the presentation of thoughts	got up, washed, had breakfast
12. Words-organizers of logical connections	that's why, it follows from this, etc.
13. Introductory words organizing the order of the statement	So, finally, at the end of the conversation.

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When they talk about the need to write a presentation, for some reason it seems to everyone that it is very easy: they read the text and you just need to retell it. But this is a deceptive ease, and without special purposeful systematic training, a child cannot successfully cope with such a task. After all, it is not for nothing that they teach writing statements throughout the entire school course of the Russian language, and not for a year or two.

What are the pitfalls to consider? What is the algorithm of actions?

First of all, carefully read (listen to) the task: what kind of presentation you want to write. Perhaps this will be a detailed presentation. Then it is necessary to retell the content as close as possible to the original text. In this case, it is not required to carry out any additional work with the content - only to understand the main idea, the logic of its presentation by the author and try to convey all this in writing.

If you are asked to write a concise presentation, then it is especially necessary to delve into the meaning of the text, highlight the key words that are most important for understanding it, omit everything that you can do without without distorting the main idea of ​​​​the content.

With a selective presentation, one must be very careful, be able to highlight topics in the text and retell not the entire content of the read passage, but only about some given phenomenon, character, object.

At the first reading of the text intended for subsequent presentation, it is necessary to tune in to the perception of the content, understanding the main idea of ​​the author, what are the semantic parts. The most important thing to understand is why the author wrote this? What did he want to say? During the first reading of the text, it is usually not recommended to write anything, but after that - write down the main, key words and phrases for revealing the main idea, and leave a large empty space between them so that you can write more later. Immediately determine the style (artistic, scientific, journalistic, official business, colloquial). A common mistake is to change the style when writing a presentation.

Also, the primary task is to establish the type of speech: description, narration, reasoning. When describing, it is necessary to determine the subject and what features of it are chosen by the author as characteristic. If it’s a story, then how do events begin, what are the climax (the most intense plot action) and the denouement. When reasoning, it is necessary to clearly identify the thesis, evidence and conclusion.

After the first listening, you can also sketch out a plan for the text. The more detailed the child composes it, the easier it will be to restore the original content. The plan serves as a guiding thread for further work on the presentation: a logical scheme of written work will line up in front of the child.

During the second reading, you need to more clearly define the boundaries of the microtopics of the text, which will be paragraphs. Fill in the blanks with the missing words.

After completing the repeated reading, the child writes a draft version of the given presentation (detailed, concise or selective).

At the same time, it must be remembered that he is writing a presentation, that is, he is expounding someone else's point of view, and there is no need to make your own adjustments, conclusions, ideas, changes to the text.

It is imperative to check the logic of the resulting presentation with the author's, sketched on the sheet when listening in the form of a work plan. The type and style of speech is checked again: are there any discrepancies with the author's?

At the end of the work, the child checks spelling and punctuation. If in doubt, the word is replaced by a synonym, and the sentence is replaced by another, more transparent for punctuation. However, in order to avoid a punctuation error, it is not necessary to make all sentences simple. The older the student, the more colorful, complex should be his speech.

The best way to teach a child to write high-quality presentations is still experienced, proven teachers in special courses. Of course, you can independently prepare your beloved child for writing a presentation during the school year or at the state exam. But even in this case, studying at courses in additional education organizations will help both you and your child to be sure that he will really do an excellent job with this work: he knows how to listen, hear and harmoniously, logically present the text in accordance with the proposed task.

Good afternoon, my dear readers. In elementary school, many tasks are aimed at the development of speech, the development of skills to convey what is heard, while maintaining the style. Therefore, in the 2nd grade, children begin to slowly train to express creatively.

In order to do this correctly and beautifully, you need to understand what a presentation is and how to write it.

Lesson plan:

What does it mean to express and how should it be?

Let's start with the fact that, at its core, the presentation is a retelling. This type of creative task in the Russian language and literature is used by teachers not only in elementary grades, but also in high school to control the knowledge of students. In short, its meaning is to read or hear, analyze what has been read or heard and state it in your own words, retaining the main idea.

Why do you need to be able to express? Well, first of all, this is an excellent memory training. Secondly, the ability to retell forms spelling and style, teaches to state not only correctly in meaning, but to do it eloquently and smoothly.

Usually, teachers select works of art for presentations, but there may also be more difficult texts, for example, from scientific and journalistic works. If someone is sure that the initial test for further retelling must be read out independently or heard from the teacher, then this is a little wrong. Statements are written from dramatic sound recordings, from filmstrips, even from films and performances. So it's really creative work.

In order not to confuse the presentation with the essay, it is important for the child to explain the difference in the concepts of “express” and “compose”.

So, we state what we hear, see, understand and remember. Therefore, in the presentation, it is important to focus on consistency and detail. You can only compose your own, conveying your thoughts and feelings on a particular topic. Here there is no opinion of another author, his own judgments are proved.

It is believed that the presentation is less time-consuming and difficult, since nothing needs to be invented, everything is given ready-made. But this is wrong. Many children find it difficult to reproduce a foreign language and stylist, therefore, in such cases, they tend to remember verbatim, without understanding the meaning, which is not right.

The presentation has the requirements that a school test of knowledge imposes on it. In addition to the fact that there should not be any spelling or punctuation errors, children should be able to:

• understand the text, delve into the main idea and build a sequence of events,
• use the right style and speech when retelling,
• memorize facts and state them in the right order,
• arrange everything with a beginning and a completed end,
• improve your retelling, keeping the style and main idea.

A lot, right? Good and honing skills!

These are general requirements at school for everyone, regardless of what type of presentation is given, and there are several of these types.

How can you retell?

In grade 1, students use one type of presentation - oral. At the same time, they are able to retell close to the text or convey a summary, on behalf of the author or on their own behalf.

Students begin to practice the written form in the Russian language lessons in the 2nd grade, for which they are selected small tests, 30-45 words each.

In grade 3, new elements are introduced, and children are already getting acquainted with the main types of presentation "in full".

• The detailed should preserve the consistency and the author's style, details, facts, even phrases. This type is most often used in elementary school, because it fixes the entire content of the text in memory.
• Concise retells the content of the text briefly, only the most important, conveying the meaning without details. Here it is important to keep the main idea of ​​the author, some important details and style. By the way, a summary is the result of lengthy training, not everyone succeeds the first time.
• Selective transmits only a part of the text, a certain topic. For example, from a story about forest dwellers, the task is given to remember only about the fox and only about her, darling, not about the hare and the bear, to state in the work.

But that's not all!

According to the speech that needs to be used in the work, the presentations are also divided into several types.

• Narratives retain consistency and main circumstances. This is the simplest type of written retelling, where they write about the life of people and animals, about incidents in an artistic style. The key here is information.
• Descriptive ones are already more difficult, and not only for schoolchildren, even for students. They require the use of eloquence in describing a person, object, phenomenon. Such presentations seem boring to students, since descriptive creativity requires a large vocabulary and the ability to use synonyms, to see hidden details, and not everyone can do this.
• The reasoning is aimed at capturing the main theses and bringing them to the reader with the obligatory own reasoning, with elements. Such a task is given in high school, so you have everything ahead of you.
• Often, presentations can be combined, that is, when there is reasoning or description in the narrative, elements of reasoning are introduced into the descriptions.

We have decided on the types of presentations and requirements. What is it, it's easy! But how to learn so that he listens, sits down in front of a blank sheet, and the speech flows in calligraphic handwriting in the right direction, with details and facts?

Learning to write a summary

The school has a whole methodology on how to write a summary. It boils down to the fact that the teacher reads the text for retelling two, and even three times in elementary school. He does this slowly at first, with stops at the right places, which need special attention. The second time the text is read more fluently.

While the teacher is reading, the children can mark important information on the draft, and then make a plan and write their creative work according to the plan. Now let's take a closer look at each point.

It seems so simple, but in practice it is sometimes not so. But do not despair, you know that "patience and work ...". So train at home, and by the time the final exam is written, your child will eloquently present works of any complexity!

On this, I say goodbye to you in anticipation of advice on how to quickly teach a child to write statements.

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All the best!

Evgenia Klimkovich.

One of the tasks for the GIA in the Russian language is writing a summary. Its purpose is to test the ability to memorize, analyze information and present it on paper in a concise form. A seemingly simple task actually turns into a lot of problems and low scores, and all because students do not know how to write an OGE statement in the Russian language so that it is highly rated.

A little about the main
Most teachers begin preparing students for the GIA with a reminder
that the test must have a writing pen. The preparatory stage of the test requires special care, because the audio recording that the examiner will turn on can only be listened to twice with a break of 3-4 minutes. The text itself sounds no more than five minutes, its volume is 170-200 words.

While listening to the text, you should take notes, noting both the main idea and minor nuances that will be useful in order to write the OGE presentation successfully.

The volume of the submitted text must be at least 70 words (if there are fewer words, the work will not be accepted and points will not be awarded for it). However, do not forget about the rules for counting lexical units, according to which some service parts of speech are not taken into account. In order not to get into trouble, it is better to write a summary of the OGE in the Russian language with a volume of 80 - 100 words.

General recommendations
As practice shows, for many, the most difficult task remains the need to capture the meaning of the text, highlighting three micro-themes. To cope with it, it is recommended that when you first listen, mark key words (two or three are enough to remember), which will serve as reminders for you. Do not repeat the mistakes of previous generations, trying to write everything down verbatim. You probably won't make it, but you'll definitely waste your time.

Microthemes are the components of the original text of the audio recording. As a rule, they consist of several sentences, which the author combined with one thought. It is very important to write them down in the form of brief theses, which will serve as a kind of plan when writing the presentation of the OGE.

Already after the first reading, you should understand for yourself what the author wanted to say, remembering the sequence of his thoughts. You can check and correct your notes during the second audition.

How to write an essay correctly
If notes with keywords are made correctly, then there are no problems with writing a presentation for the OGE in grade 9. To get a high score, the student will simply have to complete the sentences, saying the most important thing in them and discarding the secondary. To do this, you should use the text reduction methods recommended by the FIPI methodologists themselves in preparation for writing a presentation for the OGE. This is about:

• Generalization. This refers to the unification of homogeneous concepts. Using this technique, you can put a common word in the text instead of a number of homogeneous members or even simple sentences that do not carry important information. For example, in the task of writing a presentation on the Russian language of previous years, there was the following: “The snow melted, streams rang, drops began.” It would be a mistake to leave them all as is.
• Exception. This is the simplest method, according to which enumerations should be omitted (the day was sunny, summer, joyful), participles and participles (it was raining, accompanied by thunder). In a word, within the framework of this technique, it is not necessary to enter words in your presentation in Russian that are separated by commas and, if excluded, do not distort the essence of the text.
• Simplification. The task of this method is to transform the complex into a simple one. That is, when compiling your own presentation on the OGE in grade 9 using simplification, you can replace both complex sentences with simple ones, and replace several simple sentences with one.

The rules do not specify which of these methods is preferred. The main thing,
fulfill the conditions of the assignment by writing a good text without errors. It is equally important to write the summary consistently, highlighting several paragraphs, presumably preserving the structure of the original text. Of course, your speech must be literate.

What is assessed
When thinking about writing a presentation, remember that the overall score is affected by the accuracy of the plot, the connection between sentences and microthemes, and finally, spelling and punctuation. The examiners also evaluate the number of text compression techniques used, semantic integrity, the presence of micro-themes, division of the text into paragraphs, scoring accordingly. It is advisable to work on the handwriting in advance, making it more understandable and legible.

The maximum score for a concise presentation in Russian is 7 points.

How to prepare
To catch the author's thought and convey it correctly, one should read a lot and practice writing concise retellings. In this case, it is advisable to use the FIPI manuals and examples published on their website. If self-confidence is not enough, you can use the services of tutors, including those who teach at preparation courses for the OGE in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the regions.

Great, powerful, beautiful and such a native Russian language! The presentation of the OGE at first glance is not difficult to write, but at a critical moment, everyone can get confused and make mistakes. To prevent this from happening, follow our recommendations and do not forget about practice!

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