The history of the lek. Movement for the creation of a unified Lezgi state entity

A nation that honors traditions Let us consider this nationality in detail. Lezgins have a rather bright and explosive character. This Caucasian people has long honored the customs of hospitality, kunakry and, of course, blood feud. It is noteworthy that the correct upbringing of children plays a very important role in their culture. Surprisingly, they begin to educate the baby even when he is in the mother's womb. This is probably what distinguishes the Lezgins. Nationality has many interesting traditions. Here is one of them. - If women could not have children, that is, they were childless, they were sent to the sacred places of the Caucasus. In case of success, namely the birth of children of different sexes, families who were friends with each other promised each other in the future to marry children. They sincerely believed in the healing power of sacred places and took such travel seriously. Some argue that this custom was formed as a result of a desire to strengthen friendship and family ties between certain families.

Ancient rites and modern life Lezgin - what kind of nation is this? Let's take a closer look below. Despite their small numbers, the Lezgins have fairly fundamental moral standards that are associated with long-standing traditions. Of the wedding customs, one of the most striking can be distinguished - the kidnapping of the bride. The most interesting thing is that such a tradition was practiced both with the consent of the bride, and without it. As it turned out, there was no ransom as such. For the young, a certain payment was simply made to her parents. Perhaps today it reminds some of some kind of purchase and seems not quite worthy, but practice shows that most of the locals treated this with joy and great enthusiasm. Eastern traditions of hospitality Lezgins have a special attitude towards guests and the elderly. They are given special respect. Old people are not allowed to do difficult work, and guests are not allowed to do household chores at all, even if they urgently ask for it. All the best is given to guests: they sleep on the most comfortable bed, even if the owners can stay overnight on the floor. Sometimes you want many nations today to be able to better study their culture and learn something useful for themselves from there, especially with regard to how to treat guests. People today have achieved a lot, but have lost something valuable - an understanding of the true nature of human relationships. Oriental cultures, in principle, differ from others in their special attitudes towards women. They have always been considered in the East as secondary members of society. Lezgin culture is no exception, but it is safe to say that, despite this situation, men have always treated Lezgins with deep respect. It was considered a great shame for the Lezgi family to raise a hand against a woman or somehow insult her dignity in some other way.

Spiritual heritage or what religion is the Lezgins national? What can be said about the spiritual heritage of the ancient Lezgins? Today, this nation is mostly Muslim. Scientists willingly admit that the religious culture of the people has not been thoroughly studied, but its roots, of course, go back to paganism and are largely intertwined with folk mythology. For example, the Lezgins still have a rather curious idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhow the amazing planet Earth is located in space. They believe that it rests on the horns of Yaru Yats (Red Bull), which, in turn, stands on Chiehi Yad (translated as "Big Water"). This is such an interesting design. Although it somewhat contradicts scientific data, some believe in it quite sincerely. These are the unusual ideas about the world that the Lezgins had. The nationality, whose religion is Islam, is quite original Folk dance, known throughout the world Some are outraged that these religious teachings are saturated with mythology and quite often contradict generally accepted concepts of common sense. The modern life of this people has largely adopted the foundations of modernity. They certainly honor traditions, but they are much less fanatical about them than before. Special attention of tourists and travelers is attracted by the national dance Lezghins. Today there are very few people who have never heard of Lezginka. This original and bewitching dance has long been danced by the Lezgins. This nationality is quite original, and the dance is a confirmation of this. How long ago the lezginka arose and how old it is is not known for certain. Some suggest that it originates from ritual Caucasian dances. Lezginka is a very dynamic and full of movement dance. By the way, it was the Russians who gave it its modern name. Cheerful and cheerful music, to which this dance is performed, did not leave many famous composers indifferent. Some of them even slightly changed or interpreted the old traditional melody in a different way. - Read more on FB.ru.

History of the Lezgins

Lezgins have lived in the southeast of Dagestan and in the northern part of Azerbaijan since ancient times. Even in the 5th-4th centuries BC. e. here, as well as in a significant part of present-day Dagestan, Caucasian Albania was formed. It was a vast state with its own written language, spiritual and material culture, with its own economy and coins of its own production, schools where Albanian children studied. Ancient Greek and Roman historians named more than thirty cities and other settlements in Caucasian Albania. Ancient authors noted beauty, tall stature, blond hair and gray eyes in Albanians. It was a proud and freedom-loving people.

The history of Caucasian Albania is the history of endless wars for its independence.

Back in the 1st century BC. e. clashes with the Romans began. Many historical books point to the unparalleled heroism of our ancestors in the fight against foreign invaders. By the way, some historians believe that the Amazons, these courageous mountain warriors, were also Albanians!

In the III century. Iran attacked Caucasian Albania. He, like other conquerors, was attracted by the location of this state. Its territory was a kind of bridge connecting north and south, west and east. Then the Derbent fortress was also built (remember, we went there on an excursion?).

Albania was attacked by both Khazars and Arabs. The Alans, the nomads of the northeastern steppes, raided.

Numerous wars weakened Caucasian Albania. Like many ancient states, over time, having existed from the 1st century. BC e. according to the X century. n. e., disintegrated, leaving us, descendants, a memory of ourselves in history.

But even after that, the invasion of enemies into the territory of present-day Dagestan did not stop.

In the XIII century. Tatar-Mongols attacked the Caucasus with huge forces. They also failed to conquer the highlanders of Dagestan. The traveler Guillaume de Rubruk wrote: "...between the sea and the mountains live some Saracens, named Lezgi, highlanders who are not conquered by the Tatars."

In the 17th century, the Lezgins, together with the Avars, Dargins, Laks and other peoples, waged a fierce struggle against Iranian and Turkish rule. This struggle was headed by Haji Dawood, who liberated the cities of Shabran and Shemakha from the Iranians and became the ruler of Shirvan.

The Persian army led by Nadir Shah brought much grief to the Dagestan people, but they too were rebuffed by the courageous highlanders.

Muhammad Yaragsky

In the 18th century, the Transcaucasian and Dagestan khanates became part of Russia. But not all mountain communities wanted to recognize the power of the Russian Tsar over themselves. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Caucasian War began, which lasted for more than 30 years! The ideologist of resistance was Sheikh Muhammad Yaragsky, the teacher of Imam Shamil.

But already in the second half of the 19th century, Dagestan completely became part of Russia.

In 1917, the tsar was overthrown in Russia, a revolution takes place, as a result of which the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was created. And in 1992, the USSR broke up into 15 states. Part of the land where the Lezgins lived remained in Russia, and the other part - in Azerbaijan. The border between Russia and Azerbaijan runs partly along the Samur River.

Storm of Akhta. 1848. Babaev P.

The Lezgins made a significant contribution to the formation and development of the Republic of Dagestan as part of Russia. Our people gave us a whole galaxy of revolutionaries and prominent political figures. Lezgins participated in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 against Nazi Germany. Many of them died on the battlefields. Later I will tell you about those who glorified and continue to glorify our people with their heroism, talent and outstanding achievements.

Story - tarikh.

Epoch - devir.

World - dunya.

Earth - chill.

Motherland - vatan.

Country - ulque.

State - gyukumat.

People - halq.

People - insanar.

Nation - millet.

Enemy - dushman.

Fortress - kyele.

REFERENCE

In Dagestan, Lezgins inhabit Akhtynsky, Dokuzparinsky, Kurakhsky, Magaramkentsky, Suleiman-Stalsky districts, partly Derbent, Khiva, Rutulsky and Khasavyurtovsky regions, and also live in the cities of Derbent, Dagestan Lights, Makhachkala, Kaspiysk. In Azerbaijan, Lezgins live compactly in Kusar, Quba, Khachmas, Kabala, Ismayilli, Oguz, Sheki and Kakh regions, in the cities of Baku and Sumgayit.

Lezgins also live in other states - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey.

The number of Lezgins in Russia in 2002 amounted to 412 thousand, in Azerbaijan - more than 170 thousand.

From the book of Lezgins. History, culture, traditions author Gadzhieva Madelena Narimanovna

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Related peoples: Aguls, Tabasarans, Tsakhurs, Rutuls, Udins, Budukhs, Kryzys, Khinalugs, Archins

Lezgins(self-name: Lezgi, lezgiar(plural) - one of the large indigenous peoples of the Caucasus, historically living in the adjacent regions of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. According to official figures, the number of Lezgins is about 1.5 million people. In addition to their historical places of residence, they also live in Kazakhstan (20 thousand), Kyrgyzstan (14 thousand), Turkey (25 thousand) and other neighboring countries. They speak the Lezgi language, which, together with the related Tabasaran, Agul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryz, Archa, Khinalug and Udi, belong to the Lezgi branch of the Caucasian languages. By religion, modern Lezgins are Sunni Muslims (with the exception of residents of one Dagestan village of Miskindzhi, who profess Shiism).

Name

Lezgin-speaking peoples have been known for centuries under the name "lay down"(leki), from which later the modern ethnonym originated "lezgi". Endless wars with the Romans, Byzantines, Persians, Khazars and other conquerors determined the fame of the Lezgin-speaking tribes inhabiting Caucasian Albania. Until now, Georgians and Armenians call Dagestanis, and especially Lezgins, "leks", Persians and Arabs - "leks". In addition, the dance "Lezginka" among Georgians is called "Lekuri"

Lezgi language

The Lezgi language is the language of the Lezgins and other Lezgi-speaking peoples. Refers to the Caucasian languages. Together with the closely related Tabasaran, Agul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryz, Archa and Udi languages, it forms the Lezgi group of the Nakh-Dagestan languages. Distributed in the south of the Republic of Dagestan and in the northern regions of Azerbaijan. The number of speakers in the world is about 1.5 million people. Lezgin branch East Lezgin group: Lezgin language, Tabasaran language, Agul language, Western Lezgin (Rutul-Tsakhur) group: Rutul language, Tsakhur language, South Lezgin (Shahdag, Babadag) group: Budukh language, Kryz language, archa group: Archin language, udin group: Udi language, extinct Albanian, Aghvan language, Khinalug language,

Key points

There are 3 main dialects: Kyurinsky, Samursky and Cuban. There are also independent dialects: Kurush, Giliyar, Fii and Gelkhen. The sound composition of the Lezgi language: 5 vowels and about 60 consonant phonemes. There are no voiceless laterals, no geminated consonants, there is a labial spirant "f". The stress is force, fixed on the second syllable from the beginning of the word. Unlike other North Caucasian languages, it does not have categories of grammatical class and gender. Nouns have categories of case (18 cases) and numbers. The verb does not change in persons and numbers, a complex system of temporary forms and moods. The main constructions of a simple sentence are nominative, ergative, dative, locative. There is a variety of types of complex sentences.

Writing

Initially, the Lezgin-speaking peoples did not have a single written language. According to Koryun, at the beginning of the 420s, with a certain priest and translator Beniamin, Mashtots created letters for the Aluans, the Lezgin-speaking tribes of Caucasian Albania.

A a B b in in G g Гъ гъ gee gee D d Her
Her F W h And and th K to K k ky ky
ka ka L l Mm N n Oh oh P p PӀ pӀ R p
C with T t TӀ tӀ u u uu uu f f x x xh xh
huh huh C c Tse tse h h cha cha W w u u b b
s s b b uh uh yu yu I am

The colors in the table indicate the letters that occur in the Güney dialect only in words borrowed from the Russian language.

Story

The origin of the Lezgins goes back centuries and is associated with the most ancient inhabitants of the Caucasus, the creators of the developed Kuro-Arak culture (end of the 4th millennium BC). The immediate ancestors of the Lezgins and the Lezgin-speaking peoples are the Albanian tribes who created Caucasian Albania, a state in the Eastern Caucasus, several centuries before our era.

Prominent Lezgins

With its rich history, numbering more than one thousand years, many of the greatest historical figures, scientists and artists, and athletes have grown up among the Lezgins. Not a few among them are those who have contributed not only to the development of the Lezgi people, but also to the entire Caucasus.

Historical figures

Hadji-Davud Myushkyurinsky

  • Hadji-Davud Myushkyurinsky. One of the greatest Lezgins in the history of the Lezgin people. A major historical statesman in the history of Azerbaijan. The history of Azerbaijan's people's liberation struggle against foreign domination in the first third of the 18th century is connected with the name of Hadji Dawood. It was he who became its main organizer and leader. Unified the eastern Azerbaijani khanates. Officially he was the Khan of Shirvan and Cuba in 1723, with the capital in Shamakhi, where his residence was.

Sheikh Muhammad Efendi Yaragi

Abrek Kairi-Buba

Military figures and politicians

Balakishi Arablinsky(1828-1903), general, For impeccable service and courage, General Arablinsky was awarded the orders of St. Stanislav of the first degree, St. Anna of the first degree, St. Vladimir of the second degree and a nominal saber.

Georgy Lezgintsev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Admiral of the Navy of the former USSR. G. Lezgintsev is the author of more than 70 inventions, five of which were patented abroad - in England, the USA, Canada, Japan and other countries

Henry Hasanov, rear admiral, chief designer of atomic engines-reactors of sea ships, 1942 state award, 1958 Lenin award. 1970 - Hero of Socialist Labor, Red Banner of Labor, etc.

  • Efendiev Nazhmudin Panakhovich (Samursky). Born in the village of Kurush, Dokuzparinsky district. An outstanding revolutionary, statesman and public figure, politician, historian, religious scholar, political scientist, publicist, first Chairman of the Dagestan Central Executive Committee (1921-1928), first secretary of the Dagestan regional committee of the CPSU (b) (1934-1937). His active social and spiritual creativity, the talent of a statesman and public figure, the talent of a scientist and publicist have firmly entered the history of the peoples of Dagestan.
  • Abilov Mahmud Abdulrza oglu. He made his way from an ordinary fighter to a military general. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. formations commanded by Major General Mahmud Abilov repeatedly successfully solved the combat missions of the command in defensive and especially offensive operations, which is reflected in the orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin. Before the Berlin offensive operation on April 20, 1945, by the decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, M. A. Abilov, at the age of 47, was awarded the rank of major general. He is the only military general in Dagestan. He was awarded the Order of Suvorov II degree and Kutuzov II degree, as well as the orders of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, the Red Star, the American Cross of Honor I degree of the officer legion, 14 medals. He was greeted in their personal messages by Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M. I. Kalinin and US President G. Truman. In memory of a great compatriot, the central square of the city of Qusar and one of the central streets of the city, as well as one of the streets of Baku, bear the honorary name of Mahmud Abilov. Also, a bust of Mahmud Abilov was erected on a high pedestal on the central square of Kusarov.

KULIEV Yakub Kulievich(1900-1942), Soviet cavalry commander, major general (1942). He was born on January 25, 1900 in the city of Shusha, the former Elisavetpol province of the Transcaucasian region of the Russian Empire, and now the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic of the Republic of Azerbaijan, but at the age of six months he was taken to Turkmenistan, where he grew up. Lezgin by nationality, but in Turkmenistan is unreasonably considered an ethnic Turkmen, and in Azerbaijan - an ethnic Azerbaijani named Kuliyev Yagub Allahgulu oglu. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1919.

Since December 1917 - in the ranks of the Red Guard: a fighter of the Socialist Brigade under the Soviet Department of the city of Merv (now - the regional center of the Republic of Turkmenistan, the city of Mary). In military service in the Red Army since the spring of 1918 - as a volunteer. An active participant in the Civil War in Central Asia and, in particular, in August 1918-February 1920. - Red Army soldier in the troops of the Transcaspian Front. He had combat wounds. In 1920 he was promoted to paint committees with the appointment of a platoon commander of the Separate Cavalry Battalion of the 1st Turkestan Rifle Division. In 1921-1924. and 1929-1931. participated in the fight against Basmachism and, in particular, in the operation of the end of April-beginning of May 1931 to defeat the gang of Murat-Ali Khan near the Karakum well of Kzyl-Katy. For military prowess shown during those counter-terrorist operations, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the Turkmen SSR and the Certificate of Honor of the Central Executive Committee of the Turkmen SSR, as well as valuable gifts from the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and the Military Council of the SAVO. In addition, he was presented three times for the award of the Order of the Red Banner of War, but for some reason these submissions were not implemented in higher headquarters. Approximately from the second half of the 1920s to 1933 - a soldier of the 2nd Turkmen cavalry regiment of the 4th Turkmen separate cavalry brigade (since September 27, 1932 - the 4th Turkmen mountain cavalry division) of the Central Asian military district: - as of 1927 - commander of the 2nd saber squadron; - in 1929-1932. - head of the regimental school of junior commanding staff; - in 1932-1933 - chief of staff of the regiment. In 1933-1936. - student of the full-time department of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze, which he graduated with a diploma of the 1st degree. In the same period, in order to re-certify the command staff for personal military ranks, he was promoted to captain. In 1936-October 1938. - in responsible positions in the headquarters of the 18th Turkmen mountain cavalry division SAVO (Military garrison of the city of Mary of the Turkmen SSR); in this period he was promoted to major): - in 1936-December 1937. - Head of the 1st (operational) department of the staff. At the same time, Vreed was appointed commander of the 25th Mountain Cavalry Regiment; - in December 1937-October 1938. - Chief of Staff. October 1938-April 1939. 1999 - 1999 - student of the advanced training courses for senior officers at the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army. Promoted to colonel. May 1940-June 1941 - in responsible positions in the SAVO headquarters: head of the combat training department, and since October 1940 - assistant commander of the district troops for organizational and mobilization issues. During the same period, he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR. On June 22, 1941, he was appointed commander of the 21st Mountain Cavalry Division of the 4th SAVO Cavalry Corps. The first order signed by them as a division commander-21 - No. 061 of July 11, 1941 "On testing the beginning. composition of the division. He was in the position of division commander-21 until January 1, 1942. For the first time in the active army - from July 22, 1941 as division commander-21. He received his baptism of fire on August 2, 1941 at the Ponyatovka station in the Shumyachsky district of the Smolensk region. At that time, the 21st Mountain Cavalry Division de jure was part of the Operational Group of Forces of the 28th Army (1st Formation) of the Western Front, but from August 4, 1941 - the 13th Army of the Central (1st Formation) and (since August 16, 1941) - Bryansk (1st formation) fronts. He skillfully led the formation during the combat operations of the 13th Army of the Central Front (1st formation) in the first half of August 1941, including on August 10-12, 1941, the main forces of the 21st Mountain Cavalry Division under his leadership fought stubborn battles on the territory Klimovichi district of the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR (now the Republic of Belarus), being in a dense ring of enemy encirclement. August 12-26, 1941 - as part of a group of seven commanders and fighters, including the head of the Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR of the 21st mountain cavalry division, senior lieutenant of state security (but with insignia major of cavalry) A.S. Kibalnikov, made his way through the rear of the enemy to the front line. Even in the first days of the journey, stopping to rest in one of the villages of the Klimovichi district of the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR (now the Republic of Belarus), Colonel Ya.K. Kuliev and Senior Lieutenant of State Security A.S. Kibalnikov changed into civilian clothes. He left the encirclement in tandem with senior lieutenant of state security A.S. Kibalnikov on the night of August 25-26, 1941 on the defense sector of the 55th Cavalry Division (1st formation) of the Bryansk Front (1st formation). The fact of the release of division commander-21 Colonel Ya.K. Kuliyev from the encirclement was documented in the Operational Report of the Headquarters of the 13th Army of the Bryansk Front (1st Formation) No. 107 dated September 1, 1941. September 20-October 24, 1941 at the same time - commander of a combined cavalry group consisting of the 21st mountain cavalry, 52nd and 55th (1st formation) cavalry divisions. This consolidated association entered the history of the Great Patriotic War as the “Cavalry Group of the Bryansk Front (I f) under the command of Colonel Ya.K. Kuliev". On December 3-6, 1941, at the same time - commander, and then during the entire Yelets offensive operation of the right wing of the Southwestern Front (1st formation) - deputy commander of the Northern Operational Group of Forces of the 13th Army of the Southwestern Front (1st formation ). On January 1, 1942, he was relieved of his post as commander of the 21st Mountain Cavalry Division and recalled from the front to Moscow, which was caused by a request from the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan, who wanted to see this fellow countryman at the head of one of the two Turkmen national cavalry formations that were in the process of being formed. In Moscow he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. At the same time, he received an order to leave for the city of Mary of the Turkmen SSR for the post of the 97th separate cavalry division of the SAVO, newly formed from the indigenous inhabitants of Turkmenistan. He was awarded the rank of general by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of February 11, 1942. In the Soviet period, he was considered the first general among the ethnic Turkmens. Since August 13, 1942, on the basis of the order issued on that day by the commander of the SAVO troops, he was deputy commander of the 4th cavalry corps for the combat unit of the Central Asian military district. Since October 11, 1942 - again on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War: in the ranks of fellow soldiers in the 4th Cavalry Corps, who arrived from SAVO to the troops of the 51st Army of the Stalingrad Front. Around 10.00 on December 19, 1942, in the area of ​​​​the district village of Kotelnikovo, the former Stalingrad region (now the city of the same name as part of the modern Volgograd region), being at the forefront of the 61st Cavalry Division, he was mortally wounded during an enemy airstrike. After providing the first emergency medical care, he was immediately sent to a military hospital stationed in the village of Abganerovo, Svetloyarsky district, at that time the former Stalingrad, and now the modern Volgograd region, but died on the way.

Posthumously, on the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 22, 1943, he was awarded the Order of Lenin. Wording: "For the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the valor and courage shown at the same time." The award sheet itself (but initially Major General Ya.K. Kuliev was presented for posthumous awarding with the Order of the Red Banner) was signed on December 16, 1942 by the commander of the 4th Cavalry Corps, Lieutenant General T.T. Shapkin and, in particular, read: “Major General Kuliev was in important and dangerous areas, while showing personal courage and courage, which inspired commanders and fighters to exploits. On November 23, 1942, Comrade Kuliev was personally in chains with the fighters and led them into battle to occupy Kurgan-Solyany, this was required by the situation and Kurgan-Solyanoy was taken. Major General Kuliev led the 222nd Cavalry Regiment in a cavalry attack on the enemy. In tank battles, he was in the firing positions of artillery, contributed to the success of the artillerymen. Major General Kuliev is quite worthy of being awarded the Order of the Red Banner for fulfilling the personal task of commanding the Stalingrad Front in the fight against the German invaders and for the personal courage and bravery shown on the battlefield.” State awards of Major General Ya.K. Kuliev: three orders - Lenin (February 22, 1943, posthumously), the Red Banner (January 1942) and the Red Banner of Labor of the Turkmen SSR (late 1920s), - as well as one medal - "XX years of the Red Army" (1938 year). He was the author of a number of military scientific publications and, in particular, the article “Fight of the Cavalry Regiment in the Sands (A Tactical Example from the Experience of Fighting the Basmachi)”, published on the second page No. 113 of May 18, 1940 of the daily Red Army newspaper SAVO Frunzevets. Military combat path of Major General Ya.K. Kuliyev is reflected in detail on the pages of two books specially dedicated to him: a collection of memoirs “General Yakub Kuliev” (Ashgabat, 1970) and military memoirs of a veteran of military counterintelligence agencies, retired lieutenant colonel A.S. Kibalnikov "Fiery Frontiers" (Ashgabat, 1979). In addition, his name was announced on the pages of military memoirs of a number of Soviet military leaders, including: Marshal of the Soviet Union S.S. Biryuzova (When the guns thundered / Military Publishing House, 1962); Army General A.S. Zhadov (Four Years of War / Military Publishing, 1978); Army General S.P. Ivanov (Army Headquarters, Frontline Headquarters / M .: Voenizdat, 1990) and retired Lieutenant General H.L. Kharazia (On the Roads of Courage / M.: Voenizdat, 1984) - as well as in numerous magazine and newspaper publications.

Emirov Valentin Allahyarovich

  • Emirov Valentin Allahyarovich. was born on December 17, 1914 in the village of Akhty, now the Akhtynsky district of the Republic of Dagestan, in a working class family. He studied at the aviation technical school. Graduated from the Taganrog flying club. Since 1935 in the ranks of the Red Army. In 1939 he graduated from the Stalingrad Military Aviation Pilot School. Member of the Soviet - Finnish War of 1939-1940. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. As part of the 36th Fighter Aviation Regiment, he fought on the North Caucasian Front. By September 1942, the commander of the 926th Fighter Aviation Regiment (219th Bomber Aviation Division, 4th Air Army, Transcaucasian Front) Captain V.A. Emirov made 170 sorties, personally shot down 7 enemy aircraft in air battles. On September 10, 1942, escorted by bombers in the area of ​​the city of Mozdok, in pairs, he entered into battle with 6 enemy fighters. He shot down one of them, then rammed the second with his burning plane and died. On December 13, 1942, for courage and courage shown in battles with enemies, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Awarded the Orders of Lenin and the Red Banner (twice). After the war, the remains of the pilot were reburied in the capital of Dagestan, Makhachkala. One of the streets of the city and a ship of the Marine River Fleet are named after V. A. Emirova. A bust of the Hero was erected in his native village.
  • Gasanov Genrikh Alievich. Specialist in the field of ship thermal power engineering. Graduated from the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute (1935). D. t. n. (1966). Carried out a set of adjustment and research work on existing ships to improve their reliability during the Great Patriotic War. Head of design bureau (1946). Supervised the creation of a number of ship thermal power plants. Hero of Socialist Labor (1970). Lenin Prize (1958) Stalin Prize (1942).

Zamanov Khairbek Demirbekovich

  • Magomed Huseynov(Mikhail Lezgintsev). He went from a simple otkhodnik to a major revolutionary. M. V. Lezgintsev took part in the preparation of the October armed uprising, the storming of the Winter Palace and the arrest of the Provisional Bourgeois Government. Immediately after the October Revolution in 1917, the All-Russian Collegium for the formation of the Red Army was created. M. V. Lezgintsev also joined the collegium, the leading trio of which were N. I. Podvoisky, N. V. Krylenko, K. K. Yuranev. He was appointed head of the finance department. At the dawn of Soviet power, the name of Mikhail Lezgintsev, an army general, was often found in resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars of Russia, in which responsible tasks were assigned to M. Lezgintsev as the country's chief military financier. During these years, M. Lezgintsev showed himself as a talented organizer, a true reformer. The most important principles of financing and supplying troops developed by him during the Civil War, according to prominent Soviet military experts in this field, played their role during the Great Patriotic War. On the initiative of M. Lezgintsev, the first military-financial educational institutions in the country were created. These include the Military Economic Academy, the Higher Military and Marine Financial and Economic School.
  • Zamanov Khairbek Demirbekovich. The only one of the Dagestan military leaders who commanded a rifle division during the Great Patriotic War. The military operations of the unit were repeatedly noted in the orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin, he was saluted by the capital of the Motherland, Moscow. In addition, in the late autumn and cold winter of 1941-42. Khairbek Demirbekovich, while still the commander of an infantry battalion, participated in the heroic defense of the capital and was among the first regular Dagestan officers to be awarded a high government award - the Order of the Red Banner of Battle.

Figures of science, art and literature

Zabit Rizvanov

  • Suleiman Stalsky . one of the founders of Lezgin Soviet poetry, an outstanding ashug, whom M. Gorky rightly called "Homer of the 20th century" at the First All-Union Congress of Writers of the USSR. In 1934, S. Stalsky's Chosen Ones was published, and in the same year he was awarded the honorary title of People's Poet of Dagestan. For his great contribution to the multinational Soviet literature, S. Stalsky was awarded the Order of Lenin, was nominated as a candidate for deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the first convocation.
  • Etim Emin . Etim Emin is a well-known master of Lezgin verse. He had a great influence on the development of native poetry. The work of Etim Emin has undergone an evolution: from love songs, in which one can hear dissatisfaction with special cases of life that hinder lovers, the poet moved on to poems that castigate social injustice.
  • Lezgi Nyamet (Mamedaliev Nyamet Niftalievich). was born in 1932 in the village of Echekhur of the Kusar region of Azerbaijan, graduated from the philological faculty of the Azerbaijan Pedagogical Institute, led a literary association. He began to write when he was still in elementary school in a rural school. He wrote poetry and fairy tales. The first poem was published in 1947 in the newspaper "Youth of Azerbaijan". During his lifetime, four poetry collections were published in Baku.
  • Elza Ibragimova . Famous composer. She was born in 1938 in the city of Ajigabul. I have been studying music since childhood. The first representative of the Dagestan nationalities, who received a special education in composition. She made a great contribution to the development of Azerbaijani culture. The songs, the music for which was written by E. Ibragimova, were performed by such celebrities as Rashid Behbudov, Shovket Alekperova, and many others.
  • Rizvanov Zabit Rizvanovich . Poet and writer. Widely known as the author of the book "History of Lezgins". Among other things, he made a significant contribution to the collection and printing of materials about Lezgin folklore.
  • Gadzhiev Magomed Magomedovich . He has a significant and honorable place in the history of the study of the Lezgi language. He laid the foundation for a number of new branches and directions in the study of the Lezgi language, which took an active multilateral participation in the linguistic and general cultural construction of the Lezgi people in the 1930s and 50s. In just 20 years of activity in this field, M. M. Gadzhiev managed to accomplish a lot.
  • Jalilova Alla Gaevna . belonged to the high art of ballet, was a spiritual healer of her generation. Alla Dzhalilova remained an image filled with the charming mystery of the already elusive nature and time itself, and for many Dagestanis and her students - a guide to the world of harmony and beauty of ballet art. Her selfless service to the stage was noted in 1951 with the Order of the Badge of Honor, she was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the DASSR. Her name, along with a stage portrait, is included in a large booklet dedicated to the anniversary of the Bolshoi Theater (published in 1947), along with such figures as F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov and S. Messerer, O. Lepeshinskaya, S. Golovkina. A. Jalilova was named an excellent performer of characteristic dances.
  • Gasanov Gottfried Alievich . Born in 1900 in Derbent. He was the grandson of the scientist, poet, philosopher, author of the book "Asari Dagestan" Hasan-Efendi Alkadarsky and the great-great-grandson of Sheikh Muhammad Yaragsky. An outstanding founder of the Dagestan professional musical culture. The author of the first Dagestan national opera "Khochbar", the author of numerous works of different genres, concertos for piano and orchestra. The music school in Makhachkala, the founder of which he is, is named after him. His Piano Concerto is often and is currently performed by orchestras in Russia and other foreign countries. The work of G. Hasanov was highly appreciated by the government of the USSR. He was twice awarded the title of laureate of the State Prize, has the honorary title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR and the DASSR.
  • Medzhidov Kiyas Medzhidovich .1911-1974 Born in the village. Akhty People's writer of Dagestan. Majidov Kiyas is the son of his people. In his books, he very colorfully showed the life of the highlanders. His novel "Qashqa duhtur" was very highly appreciated and translated into Russian under the name "Heart left in the mountains."

His works: “Zi gvech1i dustariz”, “Luvar kwai dustar”, “Luvar kvai Alush”, Plays: “Bubayar”, “Partizandin Khizan”, “Urusatdin tsuk”. Together with the poet Khryug Tagir, he wrote the play "Ashuk Said". The story "Daglar Yuzazva" and others. Yaraliev Yarali Alievich, was born in 1941 in the village of Verkhniy Tagirzhal, Kusar region of Azerbaijan. In 1959 he entered the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology of the Azerbaijan State Pedagogical Institute named after V.I. Lenin, and after graduating with honors - to the graduate school of the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. the first discovery was made - the Caucasian-Albanian script was deciphered. He proved that all the Albanian written monuments known so far, letter for letter, can be read in the ancient Lezgi language. Makhachkala. 1995\ This success directs the professor to a rather fascinating and almost unexplored world of ancient writings of the Lezgin-speaking peoples. And now a new, second, discovery, the Phaistos disc spoke, which for 90 years has amazed the whole world with its mystery. The successful deciphering of the inscriptions on the Phaistos disk revived the pre-Greek Pelazgian language, which was almost downtrodden and long thrown into obscurity, akin to .... the Lezgin subgroup of the Caucasian languages. This gave the work of Yaraliev Ya.A. new impulse. At the present time, working at the Institute YUZHDAG (Russia, Dagestan, the city of Derbent, Sovetskaya 2), Yaraliev Ya.A. completed the decipherment of the Cypriot-Minoan script from Enkomi and continues to search for the decipherment of other samples of the Pelazgian script, namely, the picto-syllabic script of Cretan seals and Linear A.

Athletes

  • Vladimir Nazlymov Aliverovich is a 3-time Olympic champion, 11-time world champion. He is the most titled athlete in Dagestan and one of the titles in Russia
  • Mukailov Sefibek Magomedtagirovich - honored coach, judge of international class in freestyle wrestling
  • Jabar Askerov - world champion, 2-time European champion in Thai boxing
  • Nazim Huseynov - Olympic champion in judo, two-time European champion
  • Arsen Allahverdiev - two-time European champion, Olympic silver medalist (freestyle wrestling)
  • Ruslan Ashuraliev - two-time world champion, Olympic bronze medalist (freestyle wrestling)
  • Alim Selimov - world champion. First Doug. champion in this event (Greco-Roman wrestling)
  • Velikhan Allahverdiev - European champion (freestyle wrestling)
  • Kamran Mammadov - world champion (judo)
  • Elkhan Rajabli - world champion (judo)
  • Artur Mutalibov - world champion (freestyle wrestling)
  • Vagif Kaziev - world champion (freestyle wrestling)
  • David Esedov - world champion (hand-to-hand combat)
  • Elvira Mursalova - world champion (freestyle wrestling)
  • Magomed Kurugliev - champion of Asia (freestyle wrestling)
  • Vitaly Ragimov - European champion, silver medalist of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing (Greco-Roman wrestling)
  • Narvik Sirkhaev - champion of Russia, winner of the Russian Cup (football)
  • Osman Efendiev - World Cup winner (freestyle wrestling)
  • Ibragim Ibragimov - five-time world champion (arm wrestling)
  • Albert Selimov - European champion, world champion, World Cup winner (boxing)
  • Ramazan Akhadulaev - three-time world champion (combat sambo)
  • Telman Kurbanov - world champion (judo)
  • Maidin Yuzbekov - world champion (Thai boxing)
  • Dzhabrail Dzhabrailov - intercontinental world champion, multiple champion of Russia among professionals (boxing)
  • Kavkaz Sultanmagomedov - world champion (fights without rules)
  • Emil Efendiev - 2-time world champion (fights without rules)
  • Mukhudin Agakerimov - world champion among juniors (Thai boxing)
  • Bakhtiyar Samedov - world champion (French boxing Savvat)
  • Alim Eminov - world champion (karate)
  • Tamerlan Sardarov - world champion (karate)
  • Arsen Melikov - world champion (French boxing savvat)
  • Eldar Aliyev - world champion (combat sambo)
  • Timur Alikhanov - silver medalist of the World Cup among youths (judo)
  • Mustafa Dagistanli - 2-time Olympic champion, 4-time world champion. Lezgin from Turkey. He left undefeated (Freestyle wrestling)
  • Shakhri Shikhmetov - world champion (arm wrestling).
  • Tagir Magomedov - world champion (arm wrestling)
  • Ruslan Khayirov - repeated participant in the Olympic Games (boxing)
  • brothers Gasan and Hussein Kurbanov
  • Artur Sefikhanov - European champion (boxing)
  • Shafidin Allahverdiev - multiple winner of the championships of Russia (boxing)
  • Khabib Allahverdiev - World Championship medalist, professional since 2006 (boxing)
  • Eldar Ramazanov - Champion of Russia (Thai boxing)
  • Ayaz Umudaliyev - bronze medalist of the European Championship, five-time champion of Azerbaijan (sambo)
  • Nazhmudin Khurshidov - world champion in combat sambo, champion of Russia
  • Emre Belezodoglu - UEFA Cup winner, bronze medalist of the World and European Championships in the Turkish national team. Played for Galatasaray, Inter (Italy), now plays for Newcastle (England)
  • Kardash Fatakhov is the world champion (pankration).
  • Seifulla Magomedov - 2-time European champion (taekwondo)
  • Zaur Remikhanov - world champion (kick-boxing)
  • Ibragim Hasanbekov is the top scorer in the history of FC Anji, the top scorer of the Russian Championships (football).

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    Synonyms:

    See what "Lezgin" is in other dictionaries:

      Kyurinets Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Lezgin n., number of synonyms: 1 Kyurinets (2) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

      M. See Lezgins 2. Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

      Lezgin, Lezgins, Lezgins, Lezgins, Lezgins, Lezgins, Lezgins, Lezgins, Lezgins, Lezgins, Lezgins, Lezgins (

Lezgins (Lezgiyar) belong to the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus. The nationality belongs to the Caucasoid race and is the second people of the Republic of Azerbaijan in terms of numbers. The Lezgins have a colorful history and traditions. For many centuries they were called "leks", or "legs". Often the people suffered from the attacks of the conquerors of Rome and Persia.

Where live

The nationality lives in the Russian Federation in the south of Dagestan and in the north of Azerbaijan. In Dagestan, Lezgins inhabit the Derbent, Akhtyn, Kurakh, Dokuzparinsky, Suleiman-Stalsky, Magaramkent and Khiva regions.

In Azerbaijan, this people lives in Kursar, Khachmas, Quba, Gabala, Oguz, Ismayilli, Sheki, Kakh regions and all large cities, especially in Baku. Experts from the Institute of Anthropology and Ethnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences believe that there are more Lezgins on the territory of Azerbaijan, but some of them are recorded as Azerbaijanis.

population

There are between 680,000 and 850,000 Lezgins in the world. Of these, 476,228 people live in Russia, according to the results of the 2010 census, and 387,746 people live in Dagestan. According to the results of the 2009 population census conducted in Azerbaijan, 180,300 Lezgins live here. Other estimates put them at 350,000.

Name

The origin of the ethnonym "Lezgins" has not yet been fully studied and needs to be further researched. The authors of ancient times called the Lezgins "leks", the Arab authors called them "lakz", the Georgian ones - "lekebi".

In written sources, the term "Lezgi" has been known since the 12th century. But this word was not called a separate Dagestan nationality. This term was unfamiliar to the Dagestan highlanders. The Turks and residents of tsarist Russia called the Lezgins the numerous mountain tribes that inhabited the Dagestan region and part of the southern slope of the Main Caucasian Range. The Russians so called the southern Dagestanis, and the northern ones, mostly Avars, were called Tavlins. The term began to be used for Lezgins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The ethnonym "Lezgins" became the name of one of the mountain peoples of Dagestan after 1920.

Language

The Lezgi language is part of the Nakh-Dagestan group of the North Caucasian language family and belongs to the Lezgi subgroup. Russian and Azerbaijani are common among the Lezgins. The Lezgins living in Azerbaijan use the Azerbaijani script.

The Lezgi language is divided into adverbs:

  1. Samur, includes the Akhtyn dialect and the transitional Dokuzparinsky dialect;
  2. Kyura, includes Yarka, Güney, Kurakh dialects;
  3. Cuban.

There are also independent dialects in the Lezgi language:

  • Giliyar
  • kurush
  • Gelchensky
  • Finnish

The tsarist government in 1905 decided to facilitate the Russification of the people and tried to create the Lezgi script on the basis developed by Baron P. Uslar. But this attempt was unsuccessful. In 1928, the Latin alphabet for the Lezgi language was introduced, and in 1938 a new alphabet based on the Cyrillic alphabet was created.

Religion

Lezgins mainly profess Sunni Islam of the Shafi'i madhhab. The exception is the inhabitants of the village of Miskindzha in the Dokuzparinsky district of Dagestan. They are Shiites and follow the Jafarite madhhab.

Life

The Lezgins have a large family, it consists not only of a husband, wife and children. It includes parents, minor sisters and brothers of both spouses, widowed daughters-in-law. Some families consist of 17 people, but today this is rare.

From time immemorial, the main occupation of the people was arable farming. They grew corn, wheat, millet, barley, legumes and rice. Lezgins living on the plains were mainly engaged in pasture-stall cattle breeding. In the mountains, cattle breeding was transhumance. Sheep, goats and cattle were predominantly bred. Most winter pastures were located on the territory of Northern Azerbaijan. The traditional trade is spinning, production of cloth, felt, carpets, weaving, blacksmithing, leather, jewelry and weapons.

dwelling

The main type of settlement among the Lezgins is called "khur". Villages founded in the mountains are located mainly on the slopes, near sources of drinking water. Houses are closely located with each other. The village is divided into quarters, which, one at a time, can sometimes form large territorially related settlements "tukhum". In each village there is a mosque and a village square "kim". On it, local residents, namely men, gather for a village gathering to discuss and resolve the most important issues of rural social life.

The oldest quarter is located in the upper part of the village and consists of old stone houses. These are real fortresses with a closed courtyard, loopholes and a small number of external fetters. There is usually no greenery here. The middle part of the mountain village is located on a less steep slope. The new quarters are located on level ground, they consist of larger yards, which are fenced off from the street with a clay or stone fence. Among the greenery in the courtyard is a one-story house, which is built of stone or mud brick. The modern lower quarters have schools, clubs and hospitals. In the mountain village of Akhty, residents have houses in the upper and lower quarters, with a garden. They live upstairs in the winter and move downstairs in the summer.

Lezghin houses are U- and L-shaped, or built in the form of a closed square. To get into the two-story housing from the street, you need to go into a small courtyard through the gate in the form of an arch. In one of the corners of the courtyard there is an oven in which chureks are baked. A staircase made of stone or wood from the courtyard leads to a gallery, onto which the doors of all the rooms of the dwelling open.

Lezgins always cover the walls and floor in the house with rugs and carpets. One of the rooms has a fireplace where food is cooked. Until the middle of the 19th century, instead of windows, holes were made in the flat roof in the houses. Today the roof is still flat, but the windows have already been punched into the walls. They are made in old houses. From the middle of the 19th century, balconies were made in dwellings that overlook the street. In some mountain villages, related families living opposite create closed passages connecting the second floors.


Appearance

Lezghin clothing is similar to the costumes of other peoples of Dagestan. A man's clothing consists of an undershirt to the waist lined with coarse calico, harem pants made of dark fabric, wool socks, beshmet, Circassian and papakha. The costume is complemented by a silver belt, gazyrs and a dagger. In winter, men wore fur coats.

Today, many men wear urban clothing. Often found from the elements of the national costume hats, woolen socks and sheepskin coats with fictitious long sleeves.

Women wore a long shirt in the form of a tunic with a standing collar and long sleeves. They wore wide trousers with a shirt, which narrowed down. The lower part of the trousers was visible from under the shirt, women decorated them with embroidered patterns and bright colored stripes of fabric. At the end of the 19th century, a bun dress appeared in the Lezgin women's wardrobe. Older women wore such dresses sewn from dark-colored fabrics, while young women wore buns made of bright green, red and yellow fabrics. Dresses were free-cut, each woman sewed them with her own hands. Women wear national clothes even today, especially in rural areas. Although many are gradually acquiring urban clothing and footwear, the custom is still strictly observed that it is forbidden to appear in public with an uncovered head.

Women's headdress - chutkha, is a cap fitting the head with a hair bag sewn to it. They wore lezginkas and various shawls made of brocade, silk and wool. The elderly and married wore headscarves in such a way as to cover part of the face and mouth. It was a mandatory rule.

Women wore a lot of jewelry, rings, earrings, bracelets. The dresses were decorated with silver coins. It was believed that the ringing of these coins scares away the bad and attracts the good. Lezgins considered silver to be a special metal that collects bad energy and cleanses itself of it.

The beauty of a woman of this people was determined by the slender figure, black eyebrows and eyes, hair. Long thick hair braided in two braids was considered ideal. It was not customary to braid only one braid, it was believed that if a girl walked with such a hairstyle, she would forever be alone. In particular, such a hairstyle was forbidden to women who had brothers and fathers. Often, when Lezgin women quarreled with each other, they uttered the phrase: “So that you stay with one braid.”

Children under 3 years of age wore amulets, amulets, coins and beads. The Lezgins believed that they had magical powers and protected from the evil eye and diseases. A hirigan bib was worn on children's jackets. On the back of jackets and sleeveless jackets, a flower murtsan tsuk was sometimes embroidered, which consisted of 12 petals of different colors according to the number of months in a year. It was believed that the flower protects the child from misfortune throughout the year.


Food

The main traditional food of the Lezgins consists of legumes, grains, dairy and meat products. Bread is baked from sour or unleavened dough in the form of flat cakes. A special hare oven is used for baking. In Dagestan, Lezgin thin bread is very popular. Afarar pies filled with cottage cheese, herbs and meat are also very popular. Lezgins prepare soups with meat and potatoes "bozbash", khinkal, barbecue and cabbage rolls. Meat is used fresh and dried, popular meat dishes: fried meat "kabab", gatai kabab, cutlets. Included in the diet of the people and various dishes of Azerbaijani cuisine. Touch is made from drinks - a drink similar to jelly made from sprouted wheat grains. Ritual food of Lezgins is a dish of dried lamb legs with grains of corn and wheat, flour porridge "Khashil" and halva from wheat flour "Isida". They drink fresh and sour milk, make cheeses and butter, cook porridge.


Traditions

In every Lezgi family there is unquestioning obedience to the elders. Great respect is shown to the elderly. They are not allowed to do hard work. There used to be gender inequality. But modern women are already economically independent, as they work, have access to education and social activities. There are ancient traditions that do not allow a modern Lezgi woman to achieve equality with a man. In many families, women are still not allowed to eat with men in front of strangers, and men are ashamed to openly help a woman in her work. But raising a hand against a woman or somehow insulting her dignity is considered a great shame not only for the man who went for it, but also for his entire family.

The tradition of blood revenge among the Lezgins disappeared after the October Revolution, and the villagers are increasingly helping not only their relatives, but also their neighbors.

Previously, women gave birth only at home and used magical means to facilitate childbirth. The man at these moments should not have been in the house, and the one who informed him about the birth of the child first received a gift. If a girl was born, it was a less joyful event than the birth of a boy. On the first night after childbirth, the woman in labor was not supposed to sleep, but was obliged to protect the child from demons. In the courtyard, the spirits were driven away by horses and shots from a gun.

The name of the newborn was given by one of the older relatives. On this day, there was a holiday in the family, treats were being prepared. Until now, the child is called the name of a deceased relative who lived a decent life. But if a child was capricious and sick for a long time, his name was sometimes changed. If a woman could not have children, she was sent to visit the sacred places of the Caucasus. Lezgins believe very strongly in the healing power of such places and take their visits seriously.

The hair that was cut to the child for the first time was not thrown away and protected. The first haircut was carried out by a man who was the eldest in the family. The hair was placed under the pillow for the child to have a healthy and sound sleep. So that the child would not be a thief, his nails were not cut for a long time, and when this procedure was first performed, the cut off nails were burned.

It was considered a bad omen if the first tooth of a child was discovered by the mother. If this happened, she tore the collar of her underwear so that the child's teeth would grow well. The little one also had his shirt collar slightly torn. The first person who noticed a baby's tooth was given a needle - a symbol of sharpness.


Previously, Lezghins married distant relatives. Today this custom is gradually disappearing. In ancient times, the parents of the bride and groom agreed on the marriage of their children when they were still small. Sometimes the bride was stolen if she did not want to marry or the chosen one's parents were against it. Before the wedding, a courtship was held. A close relative of the groom came to the bride's house and made an offer. If he was given consent, the groom's relative sent the bride a ring, a scarf and a dish of pilaf. A few days later, the groom's father with several men came to the bride's house and brought a scarf and money, the parents agreed on the size of the kalym. From that time on, the bride and groom were not to meet.

The wedding began at the same time in the homes of the bride and groom. Entering the groom's house, the bride must crush with her foot a spoon of butter, which was placed on the threshold. After the bride was led into the room and put on a chest with a dowry. During the feast, the bride sat silently. At midnight, the groom came to her, and the women who surrounded the bride left. In the morning, the groom should go to swim in the river and spend the whole day with a friend or relative at home. If the bride was not innocent, the groom could kick her out of the house and immediately divorce her. Often, after this, the girls went to suicide. In the Samur Okrug, upon divorce, the man's family had to pay the woman's family an amount of money for the maintenance of his ex-wife.

Today, the Lezgi wedding is different. There is no longer a bride price and the mule does not take part, brides are not kidnapped, and parents do not agree on the future wedding of their young children. The wedding ceremony has not changed much, only in many villages the bride is carried not on a horse, but by car, and the dowry is transported in a truck.

An important place in the life of the people is occupied by the upbringing of children. They began to educate and educate them even in the womb. Lezgins are hospitable and give their guests the best. The hosts will give way to the most comfortable and largest bed in the house to the guest, and they themselves will lie down to sleep on the floor.

At the end of March, the Lezgins have a holiday - the day of the vernal equinox, which marks the beginning of a new agricultural year. In the evening, on the eve of the holiday, bonfires are lit at each house. Everyone tries to make his fire brighter than others. Then people jump over the fire. It is believed that in this way people get rid of sins and improve health. On this day, Lezgins put on new clothes, prepare a festive table.

Another significant holiday of this people is the Feast of the Cherry. In villages where there was a rich harvest of these berries, Lezgin families walked for several days in cherry orchards, arranged dances and songs there.


During the flower festival, girls and boys went to the mountains for flowers. The "shah" - a young man - led the celebration. In advance, young people prepared for the holiday, sewed outfits and stocked up on food for the journey. On the appointed day, accompanied by a drummer, the girls and boys went back to the village, danced and held competitions in strength exercises. The girls gave prizes to the winners - socks and pouches. This celebration continued for up to 3 days.

When there was no rain for a long time, legzins performed a special ceremony. They chose a person from the poor, dressed up in a suit, which was made from green large leaves. An iron basin was put on a man's head. Such a disguised man in the company of friends walked around the yards, the housewives poured water on him, gave him money, eggs, bread, honey and cheese. When a person went around all the houses, the group went to the "sacred feast" and after it they uttered the words that caused rain in chorus. Treats were divided among those present, most of them were given to a disguised person.


culture

Azerbaijan had a great influence on the Lezgin culture. Lezgins have more than 500 melodies and songs, heroic songs and fairy tales. The heroic epic "Sharvili" is an epic monument of Lezgi folklore. He survived in poetic and prose passages.

The main place in song folklore is occupied by dancing lyrical songs. The instrumental music of the Lezgins is saturated with melismatics. There are also dances in folk art, the most famous of which is the lezginka. This pair or solo male dance is common in the Caucasus. The zarb makyam dance is also performed by men. Folk smooth and slow dances Useinel, Perizant Khanum, Bakhtavar and Akhty-Chay are known in dance folklore.

Musical instruments of the Lezgi people:

  • kemancha
  • balaban
  • chonguri
  • daldam
  • tutek
  • zurna
  • lahut

In 1906, the first Lezgin theater was founded in the village of Akhty, in 1935 the State Lezgin Music and Drama Theater named after S. Stalsky was created. In 1998, the Lezgi State Theater was opened in Azerbaijan.

To the question Who are the Lezgins, and what do you know about them, have you met them, what kind of people? given by the author Deliberate the best answer is Lezgins (self-name: Lezgiar) are one of the large indigenous peoples of the Caucasus, historically living in the adjacent regions of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. According to official figures, the number of Lezgins is about 600-650 thousand people. In addition to their historical places of residence, they also live in Kazakhstan (15 thousand), Kyrgyzstan (7.5 thousand), Turkey (15 thousand) and other neighboring countries. They speak the Lezgi language, which, together with the related Tabasaran, Agul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryz, Archa, Khinalug and Udi, belong to the Lezgi branch of the Caucasian languages. By religion, modern Lezgins are Sunni Muslims.
From time immemorial, the Lezgin-speaking peoples have been known under the name "legs" (leks), from which later the modern ethnonym "Lezgi" originated. Endless wars with the Romans, Byzantines, Persians, Khazars and other conquerors determined the fame of the Lezgin-speaking tribes inhabiting Caucasian Albania. Until now, Georgians and Armenians call Dagestanis, and especially Lezgins, "leks", Persians and Arabs - "leks". In addition, the dance "Lezginka" among Georgians is called "Lekuri"
The Lezgin language is the language of the Lezgins and other Lezgin-speaking peoples. Refers to the Caucasian languages. Together with the closely related Tabasaran, Agul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryz, Archa and Udi languages, it forms the Lezgi group of the Nakh-Dagestan languages. Distributed in the south of the Republic of Dagestan and in the northern regions of Azerbaijan. The number of speakers in the world is about 1.5 million people. It is an ancient language of Caucasian Albania.
There are 3 main dialects: Kyurinsky, Samursky and Cuban. There are also independent dialects: Kurush, Giliyar, Fii and Gelkhen. The sound composition of the Lezgi language: 5 vowels and about 60 consonant phonemes. There are no voiceless laterals, no geminated consonants, there is a labial spirant "f". The stress is force, fixed on the second syllable from the beginning of the word. Unlike other North Caucasian languages, it does not have categories of grammatical class and gender. Nouns have categories of case (18 cases) and numbers. The verb does not change in persons and numbers, a complex system of temporary forms and moods. The main constructions of a simple sentence are nominative, ergative, dative, locative. There is a variety of types of complex sentences.
P.S. I'm a Lezghin myself. There are good people, there are bad people, as in any other nation. In general, there are features inherent in all Lezgins: hospitable, hardworking, principled, straightforward people. Source: opinion

Answer from chevron[guru]
One of the nationalities of Dagestan, and there are more than a hundred of them ... yes, he served with such a person. About a malicious, touchy person, we toady when to please him .. in general, I won’t say anything good.


Answer from tales[guru]
There is a Lezginka dance, And since I believe this is one of the peoples, rather peoples from Dagestan


Answer from Ѐuslan Akhmetov[guru]
one of the indigenous nationalities of Dagestan. less nervous, but still different from us all in terms of life. don't contact.


Answer from Bayun[guru]
The Lezgins are a people living in the mainland on the territory of modern Dagestan. Folk craft banditry and human trafficking. They can be helpful, but until they win you over and find your position dependent. In this case, they will influence the humiliation and the breaking of the will for complete submission and use for their own purposes.


Answer from Orlova Elena[guru]
I met, good people came across, I had a Lezgin cook, and women worked too. Hardworking, kind, delicious cook, hospitable.


Answer from User deleted[guru]
Lezgins (self-name: Lezgiar) are one of the large indigenous peoples of the Caucasus, historically living in the adjacent regions of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. According to official figures, the number of Lezgins is about 600-650 thousand people. In addition to their historical places of residence, they also live in Kazakhstan (15 thousand), Kyrgyzstan (7.5 thousand), Turkey (15 thousand) and other neighboring countries. They speak the Lezgi language. Suleiman Stalsky - Soviet poet. Like all people, different people meet. It also depends on who you are.


Answer from Lobster[guru]
Avars, Laks, Dargins were called Leks (and Lezgins) in Georgia. That is, these are the peoples who raided Georgia. And the dance "Lezginka" is their dance and the Georgians accepted it from them. And today the dance "Lezginka" is a dance of all the peoples of Dagestan (including the Nogais and Cossacks), except for the Lezgins themselves. The problem is that the historical Lezgins (Avars, Laks, Dargins) are not at all Lezgins (Kurints in Russian sources) Kurins. The Kyurin khanate, the Kyurin militia, the Kyurin uprising, these are the terms of the times of the Russian-Caucasian war. The Kyurins became Lezgins (the Kyurins working in the oil fields in Baku even in 1900 did not know that they were "Lezgins") at the behest of the Communists.


Answer from Zalimkhan Gadzhimuradov[expert]
The Kyurinsky Khanate is one of the khanates and free societies, the main population of which was the Lezgins. Lezghins are a modified Arabic name for leks (or lek, since the Arabs do not have the letter "k", at the end they are "zg" lezg or lakz). As for the dance, Lek is translated from Lezgi as "eagle", and Lezginka is the dance of the eagle. There is no such word in the Avar, Dargin, or Lak languages. The Lezgins knew who they were until 1900.


Answer from Zulfiya Abdulazizova[active]


Answer from Magomedovich[newbie]
Lezgins are smart and hardworking people, they do not like to fake and exhibit.



Answer from Aslanbek Israpilov[newbie]
Akhty - Lezgi village in South Dagestan is a unique place. Among the graduates of the local secondary school No. 1 there are more than 80 candidates and doctors of sciences (from agricultural to philosophical). In terms of the number of scientists per capita (18,000 inhabitants), this is a world record. Lezgins are one of the most decent, intelligent and non-violent peoples of the North Caucasus.


Answer from Rustam Fazlyev[newbie]
I met with a lezginka)))) insatiable and cunning people))) well, this person for sure, told fairy tales that she was divorced from her husband no longer lives, and that she is pregnant from me))) this was all a lie, they just wanted to divorce me) )) the result is her broken face and shame on the whole neighborhood))) I just didn’t expect this from her, I thought a Caucasian girl should be great and I didn’t pay attention at all how we slept with her the next day after we met))) p.s I’m Tatar she is a lezginka


Answer from Rail Batyrshin[newbie]
He lived with boys from Dagestan in a hostel from the university, purebred Lezgins. Very smart, sympathetic, hardworking, non-drinking, non-smoking guys. He served in the army in the Far East and was friends with the Lezgins. They are very hospitable, they themselves are ready to starve, but they will feed their neighbor. I myself am a Tatar, but I respect the Lezgins very much! I speak from my own experience, not hearsay. Just respect each other, at such a moment the Chechen will remove the wolf grin and smile!


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