The peoples living in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

FAR EASTERN Federal District. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The area is 721.5 thousand square kilometers. Formed on December 10, 1930.
The administrative center of the federal district - city ​​of Anadyr.

Bilibino, Pevek.

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug- a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Far Eastern Federal District, located in the extreme northeast of Russia, washed by the waters of the Arctic (East Siberian and Chukchi Seas) and the Pacific (Bering Sea) oceans. Half of the territory of the district is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Large rivers - Anadyr (with tributaries Main, Belaya, Tanyurer), Velikaya, Amguema, Omolon, Big and Small Anyui. There are many lakes, the largest are Krasnoye, Elgygytgyn. The entire territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug belongs to the regions of the Far North.

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is part of the Far East economic region. Main industries: mining (extraction of gold, tin, tungsten, mercury, hard and brown coal), fishing industry, production of building materials. Despite the harsh climate, the agro-industrial complex has been developed in Chukotka. However, the district could never fully meet its food needs. In agriculture, greenhouse-greenhouse vegetable growing takes place. Reindeer breeding, fur farming, fur trade, hunting for sea animals (seal, walrus) are developed. The bowels of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug are rich in various minerals, and the rivers and washing seas are rich in fish. There are significant reserves of minerals: oil, natural gas, coal, gold, tin, tungsten, mercury, copper, uranium. The indigenous population is engaged in traditional types of craft (bone carving).

The date of formation of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is considered December 10, 1930 as part of the Far Eastern Territory as the Chukotka National Okrug.
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 28, 1951, the Chukotka National Okrug was allocated to the direct subordination of the Khabarovsk Territory.
On December 3, 1953, the Chukotka National District became part of the Magadan Region.
The Chukotka National Okrug received autonomous status in 1980.
On July 16, 1992, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug seceded from the Magadan Region and became an independent subject of the Russian Federation.

Cities and districts of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

Cities of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: Bilibino, Pevek.

Urban districts of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: Urban district "City of Anadyr".

Municipal areas: Anadyrsky district, Bilibinsky district, Iultinsky district, Providensky district, Chaunsky district, Chukotsky district.

The population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug as of February 1, 2006 is 50,532 people. For comparison, in 1989 - 163 thousand 934 people. The population density is 0.07 people per 1 sq. km. km. At the same time, city dwellers make up about 66 percent of the population. About 17,036 people live in rural areas.

The most densely populated area of ​​the Bilibinsky district. 8270 people live in it. There are 7010 people in the Anadyrsky district, 5994 in the Chaunsky district. The population of the Providensky district is 4427 people, the Iultsky district - 3966 people, the Chukotsky district - 4608 people, and the Beringovsky district - 2739 people. There are 2288 inhabitants in Shmidtovsky district.

The capital of Chukotka, Anadyr, is home to 11,230 people. In Bilibino - 5736 people. Russia's northernmost city, Pevek, has a population of 4,545. In the center of the Anadyr region, town. Coal Mines is home to 3437 people. In the village of Provideniya - 2719 people, in the village of Egvekinot - 2440. The population of the village. Beringovsky is 1671 people, and the village of Lavrentia - 1325 people. In the village of Mys Schmidt - 546 inhabitants.

Ethnically, the population of the district is multinational - about 60 nationalities live here, including representatives of sixteen indigenous peoples of the North - Chukchi, Eskimos, Evens, Koryaks, Chuvans, Yukaghirs, Evenks, Nenets, Lamuts and others. In total, as of January 1, 2005, 14.6 thousand representatives of the small peoples of the North live in the Okrug.

National composition:

Russians - 66.1%;
Ukrainians - 9.4%;
indigenous peoples of the North - 20%
Belarusians - 1.3%;
other nationalities - 3.2%

The demographic situation in recent years is characterized by a constant decrease in the population, which is associated with migration processes and the outflow of a certain part of the population outside the district. In general, there is nothing surprising in this: the Government of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is constantly implementing measures to stimulate the departure of the unemployed population, including the provision of state support in the form of housing subsidies for the purchase and construction of housing. So, as a result, as of January 1, 2010, it amounted to 48,700 people and in 2009 decreased by 814 people.

The total number of births in January-December 2009 amounted to 682 people, which is 73 people less than the corresponding period of 2008. The number of deaths was 615 people, which is 7 people more than in 2008. The natural increase of the population amounted to 67 people against 147 people in the same period last year.

In relative terms (per 1,000 people) in the reporting period, the number of births decreased to 13.70 people (2007 - 15.00 people), in terms of the general mortality rate, there is a decrease from 12.08 in 2008 to 12.03 deaths per 1,000 residents in 2009. The natural increase in population in January 2008 per 1,000 population was 1.4 people (in 2008 - 2.92).

population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
The population of the district according to Rosstat is 50 540 people (2015). Population density - 0,07 person/km2 (2015). Urban population - 68,31 % (2015).

  • 1 Population
  • 2 National composition
  • 3 General map
  • 4 Notes

Population

Population
1897 1926 1939 1959 1970 1979 1989 1990 1991 1992
12 900 ↗13 500 ↗21 456 ↗46 689 ↗101 184 ↗132 859 ↗157 528 ↗162 135 ↘158 056 ↘147 930
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
↘124 351 ↘111 422 ↘95 769 ↘84 451 ↘77 917 ↘72 245 ↘67 010 ↘61 613 ↘57 534 ↘53 824
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
↘53 137 ↘51 410 ↘50 707 ↘50 526 ↘50 484 ↘50 263 ↘49 520 ↗50 526 ↘50 346 ↗50 988
2013 2014 2015
↘50 780 ↘50 555 ↘50 540

In the 1990s, the population of the district decreased (in 1989-2002) by 110.1 thousand people, or 3 times (in 1989 it was 164,783 inhabitants), mainly due to the mass exodus of non-indigenous nationalities. Since then, the population has stabilized at around 50,000 people. By April 1, 2012, the population was 51,120 people.

Birth rate (number of births per 1000 population)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
16,9 ↗17,2 ↘16,1 ↗17,4 ↘14,3 ↘9,8 ↗9,8 ↗9,8 ↗10,9
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
↘9,0 ↗9,7 ↗10,6 ↘9,8 ↗13,0 ↗15,4 ↗15,7 ↘15,3 ↗15,9
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
↘15,1 ↘14,2 ↗14,7 ↘13,7 ↗14,1 ↘13,1 ↗13,3
Mortality (number of deaths per 1000 population)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
5,8 ↘5,1 ↘4,7 ↘4,1 ↘3,9 ↗8,6 ↗8,6 ↘7,2 ↗7,8
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
↘7,1 ↗8,1 ↗10,3 ↘9,2 ↗10,7 ↗12,2 ↘11,8 ↘11,6 ↗11,8
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
↗12,4 ↗13,0 ↗13,8 ↘11,1 ↗11,5 ↘10,5 ↗10,7
Natural population growth (per 1000 population, sign (-) means natural population decline)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
11,1 ↗12,1 ↘11,4 ↗13,3 ↘10,4 ↘1,2 ↗1,2 ↗2,6 ↗3,1
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
↘1,9 ↘1,6 ↘0,3 ↗0,6 ↗2,3 ↗3,2 ↗3,9 ↘3,7 ↗4,1
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
↘2,7 ↘1,2 ↘0,9 ↗2,6 ↗2,6 ↗2,6 ↗2,6
at birth (number of years)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
68,0 ↘67,2 ↘64,2 ↘60,5 ↗60,8 ↘59,8 ↘58,4 ↗61,6 ↘60,3
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
↗61,6 ↘60,2 ↘55,3 ↗58,0 ↗59,0 ↘57,5 ↗58,1 ↗58,9 ↘58,7
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
↗59,7 ↘58,2 ↘57,5 ↗61,6 ↘60,8 ↗62,1

National composition

According to the 1939, 1959, 1979, 1989, 2002 and 2010 censuses:

1939
people		 % 1959
people		 % 1979
people		 % 1989
people		 % 2002
people		 %
from
Total		 %
from
indicating-
shih
national
nal-
ness		 2010
people		 %
from
Total		 %
from
indicating-
shih
national
nal-
ness
Total 21524 100,00 % 46689 100,00 % 139944 100,00 % 163934 100,0 % 53824 100,00 % 50526 100,00 %
Russians 5183 24,08 % 28318 60,65 % 96424 68,90 % 108300 66,1 % 27918 51,87 % 53,05 % 25068 49,61 % 52,49 %
Chukchi 12111 56,27 % 9975 21,36 % 11292 8,07 % 11900 7,3 % 12622 23,45 % 23,98 % 12772 25,28 % 26,74 %
Ukrainians 571 2,65 % 3543 7,59 % 20122 14,38 % 27600 16,8 % 4960 9,22 % 9,43 % 2869 5,68 % 6,01 %
Eskimos 2046 9,51 % 1064 2,28 % 1278 0,91 % 1500 0,9 % 1534 2,85 % 2,91 % 1529 3,03 % 3,20 %
Evens (Lamuts) 817 3,80 % 820 1,76 % 969 0,69 % 1300 0,8 % 1407 2,61 % 2,67 % 1392 2,76 % 2,91 %
Chuvans 951 1,77 % 1,81 % 897 1,78 % 1,88 %
Tatars 48 0,22 % 504 1,08 % 1995 1,43 % 2300 1,4 % 534 0,99 % 1,01 % 451 0,89 % 0,94 %
Belarusians 60 0,28 % 578 1,24 % 2448 1,75 % 3000 1,8 % 517 0,96 % 0,98 % 364 0,72 % 0,76 %
Yukagirs 0,00 % 103 0,22 % 144 0,10 % 185 0,34 % 0,35 % 198 0,39 % 0,41 %
Chuvash 23 0,11 % 125 0,27 % 395 0,28 % 162 0,30 % 0,31 % 166 0,33 % 0,35 %
Kalmyks 5 0,00 % 6 0,01 % 0,01 % 164 0,32 % 0,34 %
Mari 2 0,01 % 63 0,13 % 116 0,08 % 74 0,14 % 0,14 % 152 0,30 % 0,32 %
Buryats 1 0,00 % 23 0,05 % 192 0,14 % 119 0,22 % 0,23 % 149 0,29 % 0,31 %
Bashkirs 51 0,11 % 229 0,16 % 116 0,22 % 0,22 % 125 0,25 % 0,26 %
Germans 11 0,05 % 30 0,06 % 336 0,24 % 118 0,22 % 0,22 % 108 0,21 % 0,23 %
Azerbaijanis 27 0,06 % 145 0,10 % 108 0,20 % 0,21 % 107 0,21 % 0,22 %
Armenians 8 0,04 % 102 0,22 % 346 0,25 % 83 0,15 % 0,16 % 105 0,21 % 0,22 %
Moldovans 5 0,02 % 52 0,11 % 354 0,25 % 133 0,25 % 0,25 % 91 0,18 % 0,19 %
Ossetians 6 0,03 % 27 0,06 % 412 0,29 % 92 0,17 % 0,17 % 89 0,18 % 0,19 %
Uzbeks 1 0,00 % 26 0,06 % 37 0,03 % 36 0,07 % 0,07 % 79 0,16 % 0,17 %
Kazakhs 2 0,01 % 39 0,08 % 78 0,06 % 48 0,09 % 0,09 % 70 0,14 % 0,15 %
Koryaks 311 1,44 % 72 0,15 % 84 0,06 % 55 0,10 % 0,10 % 69 0,14 % 0,14 %
Yakuts 7 0,03 % 81 0,17 % 124 0,09 % 73 0,14 % 0,14 % 62 0,12 % 0,13 %
Mordva 33 0,15 % 147 0,31 % 333 0,24 % 77 0,14 % 0,15 % 41 0,08 % 0,09 %
Poles 20 0,09 % 83 0,18 % 222 0,16 % 61 0,11 % 0,12 % 31 0,06 % 0,06 %
other 256 1,19 % 836 1,79 % 1864 1,33 % 8000 4,9 % 636 1,18 % 1,21 % 608 1,20 % 1,27 %
indicated nationality 21522 99,99 % 46689 100,00 % 139944 100,00 % 52625 97,77 % 100,00 % 47756 94,52 % 100,00 %
did not indicate nationality 2 0,01 % 0 0,00 % 0 0,00 % 1199 2,23 % 2770 5,48 %

General Map

Map legend (when you hover over the label, the real population is displayed):

Anadyr Bilibino Pevek Coal Mines Egvekinot Providence Lawrence Lorino Beringovsky Cape Schmidt Alkatvaam Vaegi Kanchalan Markovo Meynypilgyno Snowy Ust-Belaya Khatyrka Anyuysk Amguema Ilirney Omolon Island Keperveem Konergino Ryrkaipiy Velkal Nunligran Enmelen Yanrakynnot Aion Billings Neranayuncho Rytkuchi Yan Settlements of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Notes

  1. 1 2 Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2015 and 2014 average (published March 17, 2015). Retrieved March 18, 2015. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015.
  2. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2015 and 2014 average (published on March 17, 2015)
  3. 1 2 3 Changes in the population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Retrieved July 1, 2014. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014.
  4. All-Union population census of 1959. Retrieved October 10, 2013. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013.
  5. All-Union population census of 1970. The actual population of cities, urban-type settlements, districts and regional centers of the USSR according to the census on January 15, 1970 for the republics, territories and regions. Retrieved October 14, 2013. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013.
  6. All-Union population census of 1979
  7. All-Union population census of 1989. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Permanent population as of January 1 (people) 1990-2010
  9. All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
  10. Results of the 2010 All-Russian population census. 5. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand people or more. Retrieved November 14, 2013. Archived from the original on November 14, 2013.
  11. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.
  12. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements). Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013.
  13. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014.
  14. Chukotnews: Population census results summed up in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
  15. Chukotnews: Estimated population of Chukotka
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
  17. 1 2 3 4
  18. 1 2 3 4
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
  20. 1 2 3 4 4.22. Birth rate, mortality and natural increase of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation
  21. 1 2 3 4 4.6. Birth rate, mortality and natural increase of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation
  22. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2011
  23. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2012
  24. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2013
  25. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2014
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
  27. 1 2 3 4 4.22. Birth rate, mortality and natural increase of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation
  28. 1 2 3 4 4.6. Birth rate, mortality and natural increase of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation
  29. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2011
  30. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2012
  31. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2013
  32. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2014
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Life expectancy at birth, years, year, annual value, total population, both sexes
  34. 1 2 3 Life expectancy at birth
  35. Demoscope. All-Union census of the population of 1939. National composition of the population by regions of Russia: Chukotka NO
  36. Demoscope. All-Union population census of 1959. National composition of the population by regions of Russia: Chukotka NO
  37. Demoscope. All-Union population census of 1979. National composition of the population by regions of Russia: Chukotka
  38. All-Russian population census of 2002: Population by nationality and knowledge of the Russian language by subjects of the Russian Federation
  39. Official website of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Information materials on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census
  40. All-Russian population census 2010. Official results with expanded lists by national composition of the population and by region: see.
  41. According to the 1939 census, the number is 2046 people. includes Eskimos, Yukaghirs and a number of other peoples of the North

population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Abstract on the topic:

"Chukotka Autonomous Okrug"


1. Territory, geographical location, climate.

2. History of formation of the region.

3. Population.

4. Economy, agriculture and foreign economic activity.

5. Transport and information infrastructure of the region.

6. Health care.

7. Natural potential.

8. Conclusion.


Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

It is no coincidence that my people

since ancient times believed

that deer his life

and became joy.

New calf in the herd

in people a holiday.

The heart of the tundra is a deer!

The song of the tundra is a deer!

V. Tyneskin

The appearance of Chukotka, permeated with clarity, directness and nakedness, seems to breathe eternity. In general terms, it was formed by the beginning of the Quaternary glaciations. And today you can see here the same landscape that appeared to the eyes of Russian pioneers: convincingly simple outlines of coasts and mountains, straight valleys cut like a chisel, free expanses of lowlands, as if flowing into endless seas...

1. Territory, geographical location, climate.

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Chuk: Chukotkaken avtonomnyken okrug) is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, located in the extreme northeast of Russia.

Area: 737.7 thousand km².

Territory: 721.5 thousand km 2

The administrative center is the city of Anadyr.

Administrative division:

1 - Anadyr region

2 - Beringovsky district

3 - Bilibinsky district

4 - Iultinsky district

5 - Providensky district

6 - Chaunsky district

7 - Chukotsky district

8 - Shmidtovsky district

Geographical position

The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is located in the extreme northeast of Russia, cutting into a wedge between the Pacific and Arctic oceans. It occupies part of the mainland, the Chukotka Peninsula and a number of islands (Wrangel, Ayon, Ratmanov, etc.).

The geographic location of the district makes it a geopolitically unique territory.

Most of Chukotka is located in the Eastern Hemisphere, about half of its territory is beyond the Arctic Circle. On land, the region borders on the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Magadan Region and the Koryak Autonomous Okrug. The shores of Chukotka are washed by the Chukchi, East Siberian and Bering Seas. Chukotka also includes the Wrangel and Herald Islands.

It is washed by the East Siberian, Chukchi and Bering Seas.

The extreme southern point of Chukotka is Cape Rubikon; northern - Cape Shelagsky; the eastern one is Cape Dezhnev, which is at the same time the eastern tip of Russia and all of Eurasia.

Climate

The climate is severe, on the coasts it is maritime, in the interior it is sharply continental. The duration of winter is up to 10 months.

The average temperature in January is from -15 °C to -39 °C, in July from +5 °C to +10 °C. Precipitation is 200-500 mm per year.

Permafrost is ubiquitous.

2. History of formation of the region.

The first people - mammoth and bison hunters - came to Chukotka 25 thousand years ago from the more southern regions of Central and East Asia.

In 1644, the Cossack Mikhailo Stadukhin went to the Kolyma and founded the Nizhnekolyma winter hut here.

From the second half of the XVIII century. economic development of Chukotka begins.

The economy of Chukotka reached its peak thanks to the activities of the semi-state Russian-American Company, founded by G. Shelikhov in the 80s of the 18th century. New settlements were built, transport routes were laid, conditions were provided for Russian settlers, which later served to establish strong and friendly interethnic relations. Expeditions were organized, research was carried out. A powerful foundation was laid for the country's entry into the Asian and world markets. But in connection with the sale of Alaska by Emperor Alexander II for 7 million dollars (14 million rubles), the Russian-American Company ceased to exist in 1867.

American expansion begins in Chukotka. There was uncontrolled fishing and duty-free trade. Whales were practically exterminated and the walrus population suffered great damage. All this undermined the economy of the indigenous people. The Americans were stopped only with the organization of the Anadyr district administration and the construction of the Novo-Mariinsky post, as well as with the regular cruising of Russian warships.

Christianity practically did not leave any traces among the Chukchi, they continued to worship their numerous spirits - kelet.

In 1885, Chukotka was separated into the administrative district of Anadyr. And 45 years later, on December 10, 1930, the Chukotka National Okrug was created, this date is a kind of birthday of today's Autonomous Okrug. Withdrew from the Magadan region in 1991 and is currently the only autonomous region that is not part of another subject of the Russian Federation.

In 1928-1936. Chukotka aviation appears. Organized by the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route. Under his auspices, polar stations, ports, airfields, and industrial enterprises were created; hydrographic and geological work was carried out. In the same period, the Chukchi and Eskimos received writing, and general illiteracy was basically eliminated; the indigenous population has a national intelligentsia.

During the Second World War, Chukotka became the main supplier of tin. Industrial reserves of gold and other metals have been explored, coal deposits are being exploited.

After the war there was an outflow of specialists. A program for material incentives for labor in the regions of the Far North is being activated. In 1947, a civil aviation division was created in Chukotka. The collectivization of reindeer herding - the most profitable branch of agriculture - and the marine industry has been completed.

In 1958, the first industrial gold was mined in Chukotka.

Non-traditional agricultural sectors have appeared - dairy farming, pig farming, greenhouse farming, cage fur farming. Thanks to the high regional coefficient and the northern allowances, it was possible to provide the district with qualified specialists.

Since the 1990s, the era of the “great migration” began in the history of Chukotka.

Many people see the main reason for the crisis in the fact that the foundation of the foundations - gold mining - has “sagged”. It's not just the abandoned gold mines - the whole organization of labor, the whole way of life in the North were carefully adjusted to the expendable totalitarian economy and the camp industry. The era of northern allowances could exist only under a centrally controlled economy with its unlimited possibilities for state subsidies and "conditional" pricing.

The main result of Soviet development was that over 90% of industrial production here falls on the mining industry. Once they flourished. Now it turned out that it is unprofitable to mine tin or tungsten in Chukotka, it is cheaper to buy them abroad. As a result, the largest mining and processing plants - Peveksky and Iultinsky - stopped working.

Coal production fell by a third, the production of meat and eggs, and fish catches fell by half. On the other hand, commodity prices in Chukotka grew at a higher rate than in Russia as a whole.

Reindeer breeding collapsed, the reindeer herd was reduced by more than two times. The hunting and fur trade that once prospered in these parts fell into decline - from which, in fact, the Russian development of Chukotka began. But poaching began to flourish.

Public health and education were in distress: Chukotka hospitals did not even have X-ray machines, and schools lacked textbooks. Due to disease and alcoholism, the indigenous population was on the verge of survival.

The region entered the 21st century 100% costly and absolutely dependent on northern imports. Experts have included it among the areas with the least favorable investment climate.

Today, the inhabitants of Chukotka pin their hopes on the new leadership, in particular, R.A. Abramovich. He has been the current governor of Chukotka since December 2000. For 7 years, he brought Chukotka out of the crisis: the number of deer increased from 90 to 160 thousand heads, and after all, reindeer breeding for the Chukchi is the main occupation. The fishing industry and the coal industry began to revive. If before the arrival of Abramovich, the gross regional product (GRP) was equal to 2.9 billion rubles, then by 2004 it amounted to 15.1 billion rubles. But again, up to 80% of GRP growth falls not on private investment, but on those sectors that directly depend on budget injections - construction, housing and communal services, science and technology, etc.


3 . Population.

Population: 50.5 thousand people

Population density: 0.07 people/km2

Share of urban population: 66.3%

National composition:

Russians - 51.9%,

Ukrainians - 9.2%,

peoples of the North - 31.3%, including:

Chukchi - 23.5%,

Eskimos - 2.9%,

Evens - 2.6%,

Chuvans - 1.8%),

Belarusians - 1.0%,

other nationalities - 6.6%.

Demographics: The birth rate per 1,000 population increased by 1.5 times, the death rate decreased by 23%. Compared to 2002, in 2005 the infant mortality rate decreased by 1.8 times. The average life expectancy of the population increased from 49.8 to 53.2 years.


4. Economy, agriculture and foreign economic activity.

Due to the geographical position, which is an extreme manifestation of the concept of "north", Chukotka has a very low "living capacity" of the territory. The Okrug cannot objectively count on an abundance of labor resources, so the economy of Chukotka is based on primary resource consumption. The processing industry serves to meet local needs and has limited development prospects.

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is a territorial unit of Russia. It is considered one of the located in the north-east of the Federation. The relief here is represented by highlands and plateaus. is located in the northeast, and the Anadyr Plateau is in the central part of the district. Its territories include part of the mainland, several islands (Aion, Arakamchechen, Wrangel, etc.), as well as the Chukotka Peninsula. The capital of this remote region is the easternmost city in Russia - Anadyr. About 14 thousand people live in it.

districts: description

Which was previously called Novomariinsky, was founded by order of the king in 1889. Gradually developing, it increased its population.

Anadyr can only be reached by plane. Flights are made from Moscow or Khabarovsk. The airport itself is not located within the city, but on the other side of the estuary. In order for the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug not to lose transport links, helicopter flights are supported all year round. In summer, small boats ply the water, and in winter, a road is laid on ice.

Despite the fact that navigation is possible only from July to November, Anadyr has a seaport. Through it, communication is maintained with Magadan, Vladivostok and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

The capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug currently does not have a year-round road that connects it with other regions of the Far East. But since 2012, a road has been built from Kolyma to Chukotka, which will make it possible to get to Anadyr by land both in summer and winter. It was planned to complete its construction by 2030. The road should be 1800 kilometers long and have a gravel surface. Moreover, it will be single-lane, and it is planned to equip special extensions for passing cars.

Climatic features

Different relief, great length, several climatic zones - this is what Russia is characterized by. The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Due to this location, this territory is characterized by a very severe subarctic climate, which is replaced by a maritime one near the coast and a continental one in the center. In these parts, a very long winter - up to ten months a year, and the temperature can drop to -50 ° C and below. Summer is very short but hot. The maximum temperature was recorded in July 2010 and reached +34…+36 °C.

The wealth of the lands of the Chukotka Territory and their use

There are many deposits of gold, mercury and tungsten in the lands. Even diamonds are found in the coastal lowlands.

The main direction of agriculture in Chukotka is reindeer breeding. In the early 70s, the local herds accounted for a quarter of the total world population. In addition to reindeer herding, the inhabitants of Chukotka are engaged in hunting and fishing.

Districts of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug has the status of a border zone. It borders the United States by sea. In this regard, special documents are required to visit some areas of the district. The most extreme points of the continent are located within Chukotka. Eastern - Cape Dezhnev. - Pevek - is also located in this region.

In total, there are 3 urban and 4 municipal districts on the local territory. Among the cities - the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Anadyr and its region). Then Pevek with the rural and urban settlements adjacent to it. Also united settlements of the Providensky district.

Population

With an area of ​​720 thousand square kilometers, the Chukotka Autonomy cannot boast of a large population. Only about 50 thousand people live here. This means that the density per 1 sq. km of land is only 0.07.

The peak of population occurred at the end of the 80s of the XX century. During this period, the number of people reached almost 162 thousand. In the 1990s, the county's population began to decline. A sharp decline can be observed at the present time. In recent years, this has been mainly due to a large outflow of people moving to other cities, because the birth rate in Chukotka exceeds the death rate. But the average life expectancy in this harsh place is not so great, it is only about 60 years.

The indigenous population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is the Eskimos, Chukchi, Chuvans, Evens and others. Now they are settled throughout the territory of the autonomy. Most of the Eskimos live in the east, by the sea. The Chukchi are scattered along the entire coast and in the center of the district, and the Chuvans occupied the middle course of the Anadyr River. The part of the indigenous population in the capital of the district is 15%. Least of all there is a people called Yukaghirs. They can be found only in the village of Omolon, and their number does not exceed 50 people.

Kopin Roman Valentinovich - Governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Was elected in 2008. Appointed acting governor after the early resignation of the previous politician. R. V. Kopin himself comes from Kostroma.

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