Answer options for questions: "yes", "no". The first answer that comes to your mind is correct. Your answers - "yes" - plus, "no" - minus - fix on a piece of paper.

1. 1) Do you often crave new experiences in order to experience strong sensations?
2. 2) Do you often feel that you need friends who can understand you, encourage you, express sympathy?
3. 3) Do you consider yourself a careless person?
4. 4) Is it really hard for you to say "no"?
5. 5) Do you think about your affairs slowly and prefer to wait before acting?
6. 6) Do you always keep your promises, even if it is not profitable for you?
7. 7) Do you often have ups and downs in your mood?
8. 8) Do you usually act and speak quickly, and do you spend a lot of time thinking?
9. 9) Have you ever had the feeling that you are unhappy, although there was no serious reason for this?
10. 10) Is it true that you are able to decide on everything on a bet?
11. 11) Do you feel embarrassed when you want to meet a person of the opposite sex who you like?
12. 12) Do you ever lose your temper when you get angry?
13. 13) Do you often act under the influence of a momentary mood?
14. 14) Do you often worry about the thought that you should not do or say something?
15. 15) Do you prefer reading books to meeting people?
16. 16) Are you easily offended?
17. 17) Do you like to be in the company often?
18. 18) Do you sometimes have thoughts that you would like to hide from other people?
19. 19) Is it true that sometimes you are so full of energy that everything burns in your hands, and sometimes you feel very lethargic?
20. 20) Do you prefer to have smaller friends, but especially those close to you?
21. 21) Do you often dream?
22. 22) When someone shouts at you, do you respond in kind?
23. 23) Do you often feel guilty?
24. 24) Are all your habits good and desirable?
25. 25) Are you able to give free rein to your own feelings and have fun with might and main in a noisy company?
26. 26) Do you consider yourself an excitable and sensitive person?
27. 27) Do they consider you a lively and cheerful person?
28. 28) After a job is done, do you often go back to it mentally and think that you could do better?
29. 29) Are you usually silent and reserved when you are around people?
30. 30) Do you sometimes gossip?
31. 31) Does it happen that you can’t sleep because different thoughts come into your head?
32. 32) Is it true that it is more pleasant and easier for you to read about what interests you in a book, although you can quickly and easily learn about it from friends?
33. 33) Do you have a strong heartbeat?
34. 34) Do you like work that requires constant attention?
35. 35) Does it ever make you "shudder"?
36. 36) Is it true that you always say only good things about people you know, even when you are sure that they will not know about it?
37. 37) Is it true that you are not pleased to be in a company where they constantly make fun of each other?
38. 38) Are you irritable?
39. 39) Do you like work that requires quick action?
40. 40) Is it true that you are often haunted by thoughts of various troubles and "horrors" that could happen, although everything ended well?
41. 41) Do you walk slowly and leisurely?
42. 42) Have you ever been late for a date, work or school?
43. 43) Do you often have nightmares?
44. 44) Is it true that you are such a talker that you never miss an opportunity to talk with a stranger?
45. 45) Do you have any pains?
46. 46) Would you be upset if you could not see your friends for a long time?
47. 47) Can you call yourself a nervous person?
48. 48) Are there any among your acquaintances that you clearly do not like?
49. 49) Can you say that you are a confident person?
50. 50) Are you easily offended by criticism of your shortcomings or your work?
51. 51) Is it hard to really enjoy a party?
52. 52) Are you worried about the feeling that you are somehow worse than others?
53. 53) Would you be able to spice up a boring company?
54. 54) Do you ever talk about things you don't understand at all?
55. 55) Do you worry about your health?
56. 56) Do you like to play a trick on others?
57. 57) Do you suffer from insomnia?

DOUGH PROCESSING

If the "key" answer matches your answer, you add one point to yourself. If it doesn't match, zero points.

1. Scale of reliability.

Answer "yes" to questions: 6, 24, 36.

Answer "no" to questions: 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.

Count the amount. If the result is 5 or more points, it means that you answered not as you really are, but as you would like or as accepted in society. In other words, your answers are not reliable.

2. Scale of extraversion.

Answer "yes" to questions: 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 37, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56.

Answer "no" to questions: 5, 15, 20, 29, 32, 34, 41, 51.

Count the amount.

3. Scale of emotional stability.

Answer "yes" to questions: 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52 , 55, 57.

Having received the sums for the values ​​of the “Scale of Extraversion” and “Scale of Emotional Stability”, mark them, respectively, on the horizontal axis “Introversion-Extroversion” and the vertical axis “Emotional Stability”. The intersection point will show your type of temperament.

Draw the coordinate axes: the horizontal axis is the "extroversion scale", the vertical axis is the "emotional stability scale". Each scale from 1 to 24 intersect at point 12. Mark your performance on the axes. Find the point of intersection. A point can lie on the axis if one of the scales is equal to 12.

The result you got is your dominant temperament type. On the extraversion scale, you can see the type of personality orientation: extrovert or introvert.

Four types of melancholic
Pure, pronounced melancholic: introversion (intr.) - from 1 to 9, emotional. stability (em. set) - 16 to 24 points.

Melancholic phlegmatic: intr. - 1 to 9, um. mouth - 12 to 16 points.

Mild melancholic: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 12 to 16 b.

Melacholic choleric: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 16 to 24 b.

Four types of phlegmatic
Pure, pronounced phlegmatic: introversion (intr.) - from 1 to 9, emotional. stability (em. set) - 1 to 9 points.

Phlegmatic sanguine: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 1 to 9 points.

Phlegmatic weakly expressed: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 9 to 12 b.

Phlegmatic melancholic: intr. - 1 to 9, um. mouth - 9 to 12 b.

Four types of choleric people
Pure, pronounced choleric: introversion (intr.) - from 16 to 24, emotional. stability (em. set) - 16 to 24 points.

Choleric melancholy: intr. - 12 to 16, uh. mouth - 16 to 24 points.

Choleric mild: intr. - 12 to 16, uh. mouth - 12 to 16 b.

Choleric sanguine: intr. - 16 to 24, um. mouth - 12 to 16 b.

Four types of sanguine people
Pure, pronounced sanguine: introversion (intr.) - from 16 to 24, emotional. stability (em. set) - 1 to 9 points.

Sanguine choleric: intr. - 16 to 24, um. mouth - 9 to 12 points.

Mild sanguine: intr. - 12 to 16, uh. mouth - 9 to 12 b.

Sanguine phlegmatic: intr. - 12 to 16, uh. mouth - 1 to 9 b.

General concepts of temperament

Each person has his own characteristics of mental activity.
Temperament is a characteristic of a person, namely:

pace,

rapidity,

rhythm,

intensity

these mental processes and states.

Temperament determines and ensures the speed, strength and balance of our reactions. It manifests itself in thinking, speech, manner of communication.
At the same time, temperament does not affect interests, success, intelligence, business qualities - here we are able to independently develop our inclinations, turn them into abilities or forget about them.
The ability to make a choice and take responsibility for it are indicators of a developed personality, and not manifestations of the characteristics of temperament. Knowing your own type of temperament greatly simplifies the process of knowing yourself, accepting your manifestations and, as a result, choosing your own lifestyle.

Temperament human being is a biological quality, innate, not acquired. Only 25% of 100% temperament can be corrected. And this correction is our adjustment to the requirements of society (the world around us, society ...). For what? For a more efficient and successful existence.
Pure temperaments are rare. In every person there is something from the choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic. The question of who is better to be does not make sense, as does the question of what season is best. Each has its pros and cons. You need to know them and act, choosing an effective model of behavior depending on the situation. That is, not to be led by natural qualities, but to develop them.

Features of temperament must be taken into account when choosing a profession, but temperament should not be confused with character.

Kindness and cruelty

hard work and laziness

neatness and carelessness

all these are character traits that are not laid down by nature, but are formed throughout life.

Smart or stupid

honest or deceitful

talented or untalented

can be a person with any temperament. The success of a person does not depend on his temperament, but on the abilities, knowledge, skills and orientation of the personality.

The main components of temperament

An analysis of the internal structure of temperament leads to the allocation of three main, leading components. Each of these components has a complex multidimensional structure and different forms of psychological manifestations.

The sphere of general mental activity of a person.

• the desire of the individual for self-expression, effective development and transformation of external reality;
• intellectual and characterological features, a complex of relationships and motives

The degree of activity extends from lethargy, inertia and passive contemplation at one pole to the highest degree of energy, powerful swiftness of action and constant upsurge at the other.

Motility.

In the motor (motor) component, the leading role is played by qualities associated with the function of the motor (and special speech-motor apparatus). Among the dynamic qualities of the motor component -

• rapidity,
• strength,
• sharpness,
• rhythm,
• amplitude and
• a number of other signs of muscle movement.

Features of muscle and speech motility can be more easily observed in humans than others. Therefore, it is often only by this component that a person’s temperament is judged.

Emotionality.

This is a large complex of properties and qualities that characterize the features of the emergence, flow and cessation of various feelings, affects and moods.
This component is the most difficult. It has a branched own structure:

• Impressionability- a person's susceptibility, his sensitivity to emotional influences, his ability to find a basis for an emotional reaction where such soil does not exist for others.
• Impulsiveness- the speed with which emotion becomes the motivating force of actions and actions without their preliminary reflection and conscious decision to carry them out.
• emotional lability- the speed at which a given emotional state ceases or one experience is replaced by another.

From the history of teachings about the types of temperament

Hippocrates (5th century BC) spoke about temperaments for the first time. He argued that people differ in the ratio of the 4 main "juices" of life that make up its composition:

blood,

phlegm,

yellow bile and

black bile

Claudius Galen (2nd century BC) continued. He developed the first typology of temperaments (treatise "De temperamentum") According to his teaching, the type of temperament depends on the predominance of one of the juices in the body. They were allocated temperaments, which in our time are widely known:

choleric (from the Greek. chole - "bile"),

sanguine (from lat. sanguis - "blood"),

phlegmatic (from Greek - phlegma - "phlegm"),

melancholic (from the Greek. melas chole - "black bile")

I.P. Pavlov put forward a hypothesis that some fundamental properties of nervous processes - excitation and inhibition - underlie the differences in behavior. These properties include:

excitation force

reflects the performance of the nerve cell. It manifests itself in functional endurance, i.e. in the ability to withstand prolonged or short-term, but strong excitation, without passing into the opposite state of inhibition

braking force

is understood as the functional performance of the nervous system during the implementation of inhibition. Manifested in the ability to form various inhibitory conditioned reactions, such as extinction and differentiation

their poise

balance of excitation and inhibition processes. The ratio of the strength of both processes decides whether a given individual is balanced or unbalanced when the strength of one process exceeds the strength of the other

their mobility/inertia

manifested in the speed of transition of one nervous process to another. The mobility of nervous processes is manifested in the ability to change behavior in accordance with changing living conditions. The measure of this property of the nervous system is the speed of transition from one action to another, from a passive state to an active state, and vice versa. The nervous system becomes more inert the more time or effort it takes to move from one process to another.

I.P. Pavlov, distinguished between the force of excitation and the force of inhibition, considering them to be two independent properties of the nervous system.
The 4 types of the nervous system identified by I.P. Pavlov according to their main characteristics correspond to 4 classical types of temperament:

strong, unbalanced type with a predominance of excitation - choleric;

strong, balanced, mobile - sanguine;

strong, balanced, inert - phlegmatic;

weak type - melancholic

Description of types of temperament.
Types of temperament according to I.P. Pavlov

I.P. Pavlov understood the type of the nervous system as innate, relatively weakly subject to changes under the influence of the environment and upbringing. According to Ivan Petrovich, the properties of the nervous system form the physiological basis of temperament, which is a mental manifestation of the type of nervous system.
Two things should be noted:

Weakness of the nervous system is not a negative property.

A strong nervous system copes more successfully with some life tasks (for example, in work associated with large and unexpected loads).
A weak nervous system copes more successfully with others (for example, in conditions of monotonous work). A weak nervous system is a highly sensitive nervous system, and this is its advantage over a strong one.

The division of people into four types of temperament is very conditional. There are transitional, mixed, intermediate types. Pure temperaments are relatively rare.

Hans Eysenck studied the works of C. Jung, R. Woodworth, I.P. Pavlov, E. Kretschmer and other well-known psychologists, psychiatrists and physiologists. He proposed three basic dimensions of personality:

• neuroticism

characterizes emotional stability/instability (stability/instability).
High rates of neuroticism are expressed in nervousness, instability, poor adaptation, a tendency to quickly change moods, and strong reactions to the stimuli that cause them.
Low rates of neuroticism are expressed in the preservation of organized behavior, situational focus in normal and stressful situations. It is characterized by maturity, excellent adaptation, lack of great tension, anxiety.
• extra/introversion



extrovert- a person turned outward, sociable, optimistic, with a wide circle of acquaintances, impulsive, acting on the spur of the moment. He, like air, needs contacts. He prefers to act, move forward, rather than reason.

Introvert- a person turned inward prefers to communicate only with close people, and distances himself from others. He is closed, not sociable, shy, reserved, keeps his feelings under control, prone to introspection. An introvert likes to think about his actions.

Extroverts are much more pain tolerant than introverts; they pause more during work to chat and drink coffee than introverts; excitement increases the effectiveness of their actions and actions, while it only interferes with introverts.

Introverts tend to prefer theoretical and scientific activities (eg, engineering and chemistry), while extroverts tend to prefer jobs that involve people (eg, sales, social services).

Introverts are more likely to be admitted to the practice of masturbation than extroverts; on the other hand, extroverts have sex at an earlier age, more often and with a greater number of partners than introverts.

Introverts are more academically successful than extroverts. Also, students who leave college for psychiatric reasons tend to be more introverted; while those students who leave for academic reasons are more likely to be extroverts.

Introverts feel more alert in the mornings, while extroverts feel more alert in the evenings. Moreover, introverts work better in the morning and extroverts in the afternoon. In crisis situations, extroverts prefer to seek help and support from people, in communication with relatives and friends, in companies. Introverts, on the other hand, climb into their closet and hide from people.



• psychotism

an indicator of a tendency to antisocial behavior, pretentiousness, inadequacy of emotional reactions, high conflict, self-centeredness.
People with a high degree of psychotism are self-centered, impulsive, indifferent to others, and tend to oppose social norms. They are often restless, difficult to contact with people and do not meet with their understanding, deliberately causing trouble to others.

The combination of high and low levels of introversion and extraversion with high or low levels of stability and neuroticism resulted in the four categories of people described by Eysenck. A high level of neuroticism (emotional instability / instability) is characteristic of melancholic and choleric people. Low level - sanguine and phlegmatic. But introversion is characteristic of melancholic and phlegmatic people, while extraversion is characteristic of choleric and sanguine people.

Description of types of temperament.
Types of temperament according to G. Eysenck

Characteristics of temperament types according to G. Eysenck

G. Eysenck gave characteristics of "pure" types of temperament (that is, in the extreme angular positions of the quadrant). And we have already understood that such types are extremely rare. Adjust accordingly when you receive test results. Moreover, the closer one type of temperament is to another, the more characteristics overlap.
For example, if you got the result: neuroticism 13, extraversion 17 - then you are a sanguine Choleric. Then you have the characteristics of both choleric and sanguine, but not as pronounced as in pure Choleric, Sanguine. In different conditions, in different situations, you can show both characteristics.
Remember that the literature often gives characteristics of "pure" types of temperaments.

Pure types of temperament

Phlegmatic person

Unhurried, imperturbable, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy with the manifestation of emotions and feelings. Possesses logical judgments. He has a strong, balanced, workable nervous system, a stubborn, persistent worker, he brings things to the end. Most often calm, restrained and constant in feelings, the mood is even, rarely loses his temper.
Capable of deep, stable and permanent feelings. Phlegmatic peace-loving, attentive, caring. Moderately talkative, does not like to chat about trifles. Save energy, don't waste it. Facial expressions, speech, gestures and actions are slow and calm, restrained, emotionally inexpressive. Solid, reliable, distinguished by the depth and constancy of thoughts.
But the phlegmatic person hardly switches from one job to another, “swings” for a long time, does not adapt well to a new environment, is passive (low level of activity), it is difficult to develop new habits and behaviors, but at the same time they become persistent. He is characterized by lethargy, laziness, indifference to others, lack of will. Tends to do familiar work in familiar, familiar surroundings.

Choleric

Fast, passionate, impetuous, open, with quick mood swings. Choleric is active, mobile, optimistic, impulsive, but at the same time easily excitable and restless. A choleric person also has a strong nervous system, but he is unbalanced, quick-tempered, irritable, impatient, touchy, vulnerable.
He may have emotional breakdowns. Due to conflict, it does not get along well with other people. Choleric easily switches from one business / topic of conversation to another business / topic, he is characterized by sudden mood swings. He is highly excitable, he has pronounced emotional experiences, he is not able to control his emotions.
The movements and speech of the choleric are fast, intermittent, abrupt, impetuous, impulsive. He is prone to exhaustion, because when he is enthusiastic about his work, he acts with all his might. In the interests of society, he is initiative, principled, active, energetic.
In the absence of spiritual and personal growth, he is affective, irritable, quick-tempered, aggressive, unrestrained, conflict.

sanguine

A lively, hot, mobile person, with frequent changes in mood, impressions, with a quick reaction to all events taking place around him, quite easily reconciled with his failures and troubles. Sanguine is cheerful, friendly, talkative, flexible, responsive.
He has a strong, balanced nervous system, high efficiency, while he is active and mobile, easily survives failures. He easily communicates with people, quickly converges with people, easily switches, easily and quickly reacts to what is happening around. At the same time, he strives for novelty, a change of impressions, is restless, and does not regulate his impulses enough. He has a rich, mobile facial expression, fast, expressive speech.
A sanguine person cannot do things that require concentration, attention, perseverance, patience. He has a quick change of feelings, but the feelings are shallow, prone to inconstancy, superficiality.

melancholic

A person is easily vulnerable, prone to constant experience of various events, he reacts sharply to external factors. The melancholic is highly impressionable, easily emotionally vulnerable, touchy, but at the same time sensitive and sensitive, easily gets along with different people, non-conflict.
He has a weak nervous system, increased fatigue, low mental activity, slowness. He is highly emotional, but tends to experience problems within himself, which leads to self-destruction. His feelings are deep, constant, stable, but at the same time weakly expressed. It is difficult for him to focus on something for a long time.
The melancholic is hard and acutely experiencing failures (often hands down), he is timid, shy, anxious, indecisive, unstable to stress, his speech is quiet, slow. He is closed, uncommunicative, quiet, pessimistic, his mood changes easily, but at the same time he is melancholic and reasonable.
In a healthy environment, it is efficient, can perform monotonous work that requires attention, perseverance, patience, and concentration. The person is deep and meaningful. But under adverse circumstances, it becomes anxious, withdrawn, fearful, vulnerable.

Psychologists distinguish 4 types of temperament: sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic and choleric. Depending on which of them dominates, a person has certain character traits. After reading this article, you can easily determine the type of temperament by describing your personal qualities. If you want to get a more accurate result, you can take tests created for this purpose. They will be discussed a little later.

Story

Searching for an answer to the question "How to determine a person's temperament?" deals with the science of psychology. At the origins of the doctrine of temperament is Hippocrates, who lived in the days of Ancient Greece. He believed that vital juices (blood, yellow and black bile, as well as phlegm) in certain proportions determine personality traits.

This idea was developed by the Roman Claudius Galen, who in his treatise gave a name to each of the 4 types of temperament. The word "choleric" is derived from the stem "bile" in Greek. The terms "sanguine", "phlegmatic", "melancholic" are translated as "blood", "phlegm" and "black bile", respectively.

At present, it is not customary to identify the type of temperament with "vital juices". Personal characteristics depend on the functioning of the nervous system. This theory was proposed by Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Modern scientists have come to the conclusion that the type of temperament is inherited, it is influenced by the social environment, upbringing, and the individual's ability to self-control.

Currently, there are a large number of books on how to determine the type of temperament. In addition to literature, you can take tests on the Internet or sign up for a consultation with a professional. However, do not expect that the result will be one hundred percent. The fact is that the presence of only one type of temperament is impossible. Each individual has features of all four types, just some of them are more pronounced.

Choleric

A person with a choleric temperament type does not know how to control himself. Such people are often unrestrained and quick-tempered. Despite the unbridled disposition, they are quick-witted and quickly calm down after the manifestation of violent emotions. They say about them: "Flashed like a match!". Indeed, these people “turn on” at a glance, but just as suddenly stop the surge of emotions. Choleric people experience both happy and sad moments deeply. The reaction to ongoing events is not long in coming, one might say, it is instantaneous.

All experiences are pronounced, intense and fleeting. To understand if you are a choleric, observe your behavior. Exploring the depths of your personality will help you answer the question: “How to determine your temperament?”. Cholerics are characterized by a rapid change of feelings and emotions. This can be seen in their facial expressions, facial expressions and gestures. Fervor and passion, however, do not mean that the emotions of choleric people are superficial. All experiences come from the depths of the soul, just people with this type of temperament quickly switch from one event to another.

Age features

Cholerics at any age are distinguished by impatience and harshness in communication, energetic gestures and facial expressions, and a fast pace of work. In childhood, guys with this type of temperament are the ringleaders in large companies, they easily incite peers to participate in various adventures. During puberty, teenagers become extremely active, they can get into fights, be rude to teachers, and even disrupt classes! In adulthood, choleric people often notice a dislike for monotonous work. They take up a new business with enthusiasm, but they “cool down” very quickly, complete the activity they have begun hastily, and work carelessly.

melancholic

To understand how to determine your temperament, you need to get acquainted with each of the four varieties. Melancholics are characterized by an unbalanced character. They deeply experience any events that happen to them, but do not give vent to emotions. Outwardly, they seem withdrawn and unemotional. Such people have inexpressive, monotonous, restrained facial expressions. They don't gesticulate too much.

The voice of melancholic is quiet and inexpressive. These people are characterized by anxiety, vulnerability and sensitivity. They are wary of new activities, afraid of difficulties and avoid any unforeseen situations. Melancholics prefer such actions that can be performed without experiencing mental stress.

And the emotions are very monotonous and stable. At first glance, these people seem too sad and gloomy, withdrawn and unsociable. They are very vulnerable, which is why they react painfully to failures and criticism. Any difficulties in life cause them depression. Melancholics are characterized by indecision and lack of strength, they are pessimistic about everything. They show disinterest in work. Melancholics are treated as ephemeral creatures, unadapted to life and flying in the clouds.

Age features

Children of a certain type of temperament behave differently. Melancholic children are calm and withdrawn, they are easily influenced by others. In the team they are offended, teased and called names. They cannot resist injustice, they do not know how to defend their rights, which is why they often become the object of ridicule.

In adolescence, melancholics have a hard time adapting to new groups. They can become a "punching bag" for stronger guys. Adolescents are distinguished by shyness, shyness, sometimes they show tearfulness and indecision. In maturity, these character traits are preserved.

sanguine

People with a sanguine type of temperament are balanced, quickly react to events happening to them, but at the same time their emotions are rather moderate. Mental processes are weakly intense, they are characterized by a constant change. New emotional states appear quickly, they are not characterized by depth.

To do this, you need to take care of yourself. For example, if you notice that you have expressive and rich facial expressions, active gestures, then most likely you are a sanguine person. Such people are very mobile and cheerful. They are impressionable, react to all external stimuli. Sanguine people practically do not go deep into their experiences, as they are passionate about the world around them.

People with this type of temperament are quick-witted, a sharp mind allows them to easily solve all kinds of problems, if they do not require much work and perseverance. Sanguine people have a positive attitude to the change of activity, they quickly “light up” with new ideas. However, with the same speed they leave what they started when they find something more interesting. Very often they make decisions hastily.

Sanguine people are sociable, they make contact with any people. Relations with them are very superficial, because the owners of this type of temperament do not become attached to others and easily part with friends and acquaintances. Sorrows and joys, resentment and reconciliation are quickly forgotten by sanguine people. The facial expressions and gestures of these people are very expressive, speech is fast.

Age features

Sanguine people are able to work for a long time without feeling tired. They tend to choose a variety of activities, feel uncomfortable doing monotonous work. From childhood, sanguine people show a penchant for leadership. They are able to take responsibility. They are constantly looking for ways to be the center of attention. Often people with a sanguine type of temperament make promises and do not keep them, admit their guilt and apologize, but continue to live as before.

Phlegmatic person

Personality features are manifested not only in the mental activity of a person. By movements, you can also determine the type of human temperament. Phlegmatic people, for example, do not differ in activity. Their gestures are slow, sometimes sluggish. For people with this type of temperament, increased feelings are not typical for them, they change infrequently and slowly. Phlegmatic people are very calm and unperturbed, so it is difficult to piss them off and force them to come into conflict with someone. These people are very rarely seen excited or uncollected.

Gestures and facial expressions are the same. Speech seems lifeless, as it is not accompanied by body movements. Phlegmatic people first think about their decisions, but if they want to do something, then they will confidently go towards their goal. They do not like change, so it is necessary to warn them in advance about innovations.

Methodology G. Eysenck EPI

If you are interested in how to determine the type of human temperament, then most likely you are familiar with the method of G. Eysenck. This test consists of 2 variants with 57 questions each. To pass this test, you must answer the questions "yes" or "no", while you need to be extremely honest with yourself. There can be no wrong answers, because they are absolutely individual.

Questions are aimed at determining behavior and reactions to various situations. The results are identified by several indicators, among which are the stability and instability of the reaction (neuroticism), introversion and extraversion.

A. Belov's test

One of the most popular tests for determining temperament is A. Belov's test. It consists of 40 questions divided into 2 blocks. The structure of the test is similar to the method of G. Isaac. The subject is presented with a series of statements, which must be answered "Yes" or "No". The results show the percentage of temperament types. Two of them are usually dominant.

Professional methods

How to determine your temperament? To do this, you can contact a professional. Psychologists use several methods, among which are Temperament and Sociotypes, as well as the Pavlovian Questionnaire. The first technique is aimed at determining the combination of behavior in society with the type of temperament. The Pavlovsk Questionnaire, on the other hand, makes it possible to reveal the stability of the nervous system and the strength of the processes of inhibition and excitation.

How to determine the temperament of a child?

To understand what type of temperament your child has, you do not need to take many tests. It is enough to observe a boy or a girl, to analyze the attitude of children to daily activities.

• Cholerics, as a rule, have increased excitability. In the game, they strive for leadership, are distinguished by mobility and activity. Very quickly they get bored with monotonous activities. Such children prefer football, basketball and dancing. They can unknowingly offend the people around them, so it is necessary to be patient in their upbringing.
• Sanguine people are very friendly and active, they easily switch to other activities and quickly clog grievances. These kids love team games like football and volleyball. Guys can be absent-minded and frivolous, but with the right upbringing, these character traits can be eliminated.
• Phlegmatic people are silent and slow. These kids want their own space. They do not show interest in various games, as they like to sleep and do not have a rich imagination. They enjoy drawing, music and embroidery.

• Determine the child's temperament type by describing his personality traits before he goes to school, otherwise difficulties may arise. For example, phlegmatic people get tired quickly, they switch from one activity to another for a long time. These children are very touchy and a little cowardly, so at first it may be difficult for them to get used to the new team. They are best suited for quiet activities, such as reading and drawing.

Or even just the speed of movements are completely different. Sometimes such a difference is touching, sometimes annoying, and now we are saying in our hearts that we are completely different in temperament. But what does it all mean and is it possible to change your temperament to the ideal? We propose to deal with the types of human temperaments and determine their pros and cons, and also, if you wish, take a test and find out what temperament you have.

Temperament - what is it?

What is temperament? Temperament is called the innate characteristics of a person, which determine the dynamics of the course of his mental processes. It is temperament that determines a person's reactions to external circumstances. It largely forms a person, his individuality and is a kind of link between the body and cognitive processes. There are four simple types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic.

The term "temperament" itself was introduced by the ancient physician Claudius Galen and comes from the Latin word "temperans", which means moderate. The very word temperament can be translated as "the proper ratio of parts." Hippocrates believed that the type of temperament is determined by the predominance of one of the fluids in the body. If blood predominates in the body, then the person will be mobile, that is, have a sanguine temperament, yellow bile will make a person impulsive and hot - choleric, black bile - sad and timid, that is, melancholic, and the predominance of lymph will give a person calmness and slowness, make phlegmatic.

MirSovetov would like to immediately clarify this point: in its pure form, temperaments are very rare, usually in every person they are present in various proportions. It is also not necessary to equate character and temperament. The latter only characterizes the type of the nervous system, its properties, is associated with the structure of the body and even metabolism. But it is in no way connected with the views of the individual, beliefs, tastes and does not determine the possibilities of the individual.

Characteristics of temperaments

Sanguine temperament
People of this type easily adapt to a new environment, respond vividly to what attracts their attention. They control their emotions well and willingly take on new things. Representatives of this type of temperament are subject to frequent mood swings, but their characteristic state is cheerfulness.
Is it possible to determine that a particular person is sanguine? Yes, there are features inherent only to them, according to them you can always distinguish sanguine people from the society around you. As a rule, people with this type of temperament have a smooth and confident gait, movements are light and fast. Sanguine is easy to distinguish by good and expressive gestures. Facial expressions and gestures are rich and natural, and speech is loud and clear.
In the cons of the sanguine temperament, one can write down the fact that people of this type are quickly distracted from business or emotions if external stimuli do not change for a long time. As soon as the novelty of sensations is dulled, sanguine people become lethargic and indifferent.

If your colleague or subordinate is sanguine, then remember that his decisions are often rash. His activity is most effective when he is busy with new interesting projects that keep him in suspense. Do not forget that the duality of this temperament requires control over the progress of work.

choleric temperament
Cholerics are easily excitable and unbalanced, it is difficult to switch their attention. They are very mobile, up to excessiveness, their feelings are strong and manifest themselves vividly. They take on new cases with great ardor, give themselves completely to them, but at the same time, an inadequate assessment of their strengths leads to a sharp decline in activity. The disadvantages of this type of temperament lie precisely in the imbalance, due to which there are outbreaks of harshness, irritability, exhaustion.
Cholerics also have characteristic features: people of this type have hasty, often confused speech, bright and expressive facial expressions. It is difficult for choleric people to sit in one place, they often jump up or change positions, gesticulate a lot and sharply. There is something defiant about their uneven gait.

Is your employee choleric? You are lucky, because despite their imbalance, they are efficient and proactive people. They sometimes put forward fantastic ideas, recklessly overcome difficulties. But, carried away, they may lose their adequacy in assessing their strengths. In order to prevent decline, it is worth monitoring their activities and normalizing the working day of such employees.

Melancholic temperament
They are passive, unstable, easily vulnerable and react little to external influences. Most often, melancholics are immersed in themselves, they prefer a calm, familiar environment. The undoubted advantages of this type of temperament are the depth and constancy of their feelings.
People of this type of temperament have a restrained, albeit quick, gait. They are immersed in their thoughts, so they can think and slow down. Their gestures are sparing, but sharp because of the awkwardness they experience in the company of strangers. Speech is slow, often halting, its speed is uneven.

MirSovetov draws your attention to the fact that if you manage to organize a calm workplace for your melancholic employee, then his efficiency will amaze you. With support and a measured rhythm of work, they are able to work miracles, but they will painfully experience any difficult psychological situation. Subtly feeling melancholics are very receptive and observant, which makes them indispensable in working with staff.

Phlegmatic temperament
Such people are persistent and stubborn, smoothly and calmly go along the path of life. These are reliable people who are difficult to piss off. They are stingy with emotions, detailed to the point of tediousness and reliable like no other. The disadvantages can be called the fact that phlegmatic people react very poorly to external stimuli, slowly rebuild, converge with people, and are unresourceful.
Phlegmatic people move heavily and thoroughly, their gait is often lazy, unhurried. Sitting, they can maintain the same posture for a long time. Gesticulation and facial expressions are sparing, it is impossible to read something on their face. Speech leisurely, they are taciturn, do not like idle chatter.

In difficult situations, your most reliable employee will be a phlegmatic person. A person of this type will not argue, in any discussion he will limit himself to summing up, and he will skillfully take into account the opinion of each side. These are reliable and executive workers who do not need to be controlled. But in no case should you entrust a person of this type of temperament with work that requires initiative.

How to determine your temperament?

As mentioned above, pure temperaments are very rare. There are not only mixed types of temperaments, but also intermediate, transitional ones. To determine the type of temperament, many methods and tests have been developed.
MirSovetov offers you the following test, which will allow you to determine the percentage of each type of temperament and highlight your main type.
Put a plus if you agree with the statement and a minus if you don't. So,

You: Now let's take a look at the test results. There are 4 groups of questions in the test, 14 statements in each group. The first 14 (from the first to the fourteenth statement) describe the choleric temperament. The second group, from the 15th to the 28th statement, describes a sanguine person. The third group, from 29 to 42 - phlegmatic type of temperament. And the last group, from 43 to 56, the statement describes the melancholic temperament.
If in any of the groups you received more than 10 pluses, then this type of temperament is dominant for you. If the number of pluses is 5-9, then these traits are expressed in you to a large extent. And if there are less than 4 positive answers, then the features of this type of temperament are poorly expressed.

As you have seen, there is no unambiguous ideal among the types of temperaments. And you can’t change it, because. this is not a character trait, but just a feature of the body's reactions. But, having learned more about each of the types of temperament, having determined what type of temperament you have, it will be easier for you to build your relationships with people. MirSovetov hopes that now colleagues and relatives will become clearer to you.
Good luck with your communication!

Methods for determining and characterizing temperaments.

Each person is an individual and is not like anyone else. But still there are people who differ in similar character traits. This is due to temperament and psychotype. It is the psychotype that allows us to communicate well with friends and not find a common language with people who are not attractive to us.

Temperament - a stable combination of individual psychophysiological characteristics of a person associated with dynamic, rather than meaningful aspects of activity. Temperament has nothing to do with social development and the characteristics of the upbringing of the individual, but it largely affects the formation of the individual.

Simply put, it is the speed of mental processes that take place in the nervous system. It is impossible to influence temperament, but it is possible to achieve its correction in order to eliminate negative qualities.

There are four main types of temperament. In life, it is difficult to single out a pure psychotype, since mixed options most often prevail.

Temperament types:

• Phlegmatic person. Among your acquaintances, there are definitely individuals who are difficult to outrage with something. They are very calm and patient. Sometimes there is a slowness. But meticulousness and scrupulousness allows you to carefully treat the work. Usually they are assigned difficult tasks that require patience. Sometimes such people are referred to as "Armor Man".
• Choleric. This psychotype is completely different from the phlegmatic. It is characterized by increased nervous excitability. Cholerics are usually nervous over trifles, quickly waste their energy and cannot finish what they started. The mood changes very quickly. They tend to invent a lot and twist reality.
• Sanguine. This psychotype is similar to a choleric person, but his mental reactions are more stable. Such people in communication are very lively, active. It is difficult not to notice such a person, since the facial expressions are very expressive. They respond quickly to everything that comes. Unlike choleric people, they are more persistent and can bring the work they have started to the end.
• Melancholic. Nervous excitability is high, very emotional temperament. Such people often live in their own experiences, oblivious to reality. Quite whiny and pessimistic.

This is a fairly bright psychotype, which has both negative and positive sides.

Negative sides of choleric:

• Don't be defeated by others
• Impatient, always in a hurry, because of which they get into unpleasant situations
• Emotional and true. People are often offended by them for this.
• Hysterical. The slightest unpleasant word can cause a storm of emotions and resentment.
• Surface. Rarely delve into the essence of the problem, they are not interested in delving into something and delving into
• They quickly get to work, but just as soon they quit what they started without finishing it

Positive qualities of choleric:

• Fast and mobile. Can instantly complete assigned tasks
• Resolute. They always know how to act in a particular situation without hesitation.
• Not afraid of change. Always go on adventures
• They don't hold a grudge. They move away quickly and don't get angry

• Designer
• Geologist
• Artist
• Photographer
• Entrepreneur
• advertising agent

It is better to give preference to a free schedule than hourly work. It is better for choleric people to work for the result, and not to sit out the hours in the office.

Choleric - positive and negative qualities, suitable professions and activities

This is one of the most pleasant psychotypes. Unlike choleric people, they are emotionally stable.

Negative sides:

• Superficiality
• Haste
• Unwillingness to delve into the depth of the situation
• Frivolous
• They love to brag
• No sense of proportion

Positive sides:

• Leaders. Often they take up the organization of some kind of community and succeed in this matter.
• Stress-resistant and harmonious. They try not to react painfully even to the most unpleasant situations. It's hard to get them out of your mind.
• They rarely suffer from mental illness. Because of the stable psyche, there are no psychiatric patients among them.
• Optimistic. Even in the most difficult situations, they try to find something positive.

• Administrator
• Teacher
• Human Resources Manager
• Economist
• Journalist
• Lawyer

Sanguine - positive and negative qualities, suitable professions and activities

Quite a complex psychotype with unstable reactions.

Positive sides:

• gullible
• Creative personalities
• Compassionate
• friendly
• know how to listen
• Faithful to the second half
• Good friends

Negative sides:

• prone to depression
• Pessimistic
• prone to criticism
• They do not know how to communicate with people and do not want to
• Avoid noisy companies

• System Administrator
• Programmer
• Librarian
• Editor

Melancholic - positive and negative qualities, suitable professions and activities

People with such a psychotype are the golden mean between other temperaments. They are balanced, calm and positive.

Positive sides:

• Workaholics. These are the worker bees of society, the best workers
• Stress resistant. They are very hard to get rid of
• Patient. They endure for a long time, not because it is necessary, but because everything suits them
• Purposeful. They methodically carry out their work and bring it to the end.

Negative sides:

• They don't like change. For them, moving is a natural disaster.
• Difficulty getting along with people. They are generally not very sociable by nature.
• Inhibited. Often they are lazy and do not strive for anything. Complete lack of initiative

• Engineer
• Veterinarian
• System Administrator
• Dispatcher
• laboratory assistant
• Jeweler

Phlegmatic - positive and negative qualities, suitable professions and activities

Pure psychotypes are very rare. Usually these are various variations of two or more temperaments.

Mixed temperaments:

• Phlegmatic / sanguine. Active, but not in a hurry, many friends, like to be in the company, but do not attract much attention. Stress resistant and workable. They can speak beautifully, but also be silent when necessary.
• Melancholic/phlegmatic. Restrained, scrupulous and pessimistic. Often they are depressed, but they quickly get out of it. They like to do one thing and bring it to the end.
• Sanguine / choleric / phlegmatic. Balanced and very active psychotype. They always draw attention to themselves and achieve success in business. They get along well with people, but dominate if necessary.
• Choleric / sanguine. Strong, caring, able to communicate with people. These are always leaders and dominating individuals. Active and purposeful.
• Choleric / sanguine / melancholic. Active and purposeful, but at the same time ready to make concessions. They perform well in front of an audience and can lead.
• Phlegmatic / choleric. They finish what they started. They love stability and always stand their ground. They try to dominate, though they do not always succeed.
• Sanguine / melancholic. Persuasive, critical and persistent. They are trying to turn the situation in their favor. Loyal friends, picky, do not like to speak in public.
• Melancholic / sanguine / phlegmatic. They do everything according to the rules, not aggressive, caring and secretive. Kind to people and sensual. Good friends and helpers.
• Melancholic / phlegmatic / choleric. Stable, careful and persistent. Caring and positive. Too critical and demanding.

There is a certain method for determining the psychotype. At the same time, you should not expect that you will get 100% belonging to any particular type. Usually this is the percentage of different psychotypes in one person.

To determine the types of temperament, the psychological technique of the English psychologist G. Eysenck is used, who developed a two-factor model, the main characteristics of which are extraversion and neuroticism.

VIDEO: Psychotype determination, G. Eysenck's test

Determining the type of temperament will allow you to identify weaknesses and strengths and correct your behavior.

VIDEO: 11 tests for each

A psychological test for determining your character type will determine your emotional type. Each person has one of two types of character, which usually does not change from birth. Our online test: [Your Personality] will help you determine your type. It is highly likely that you will not be assigned to only one group, because, as a rule, the character is a mixture of two different types. Try to answer the test questions honestly. At the end of the test, you will be given an assessment of your character type with some comments. Our online test: [Your Character] is completely free without SMS and registrations! The result will be shown immediately after the answer to the last question!

The test contains 30 questions!

Start test online:

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