Part of speech	rule		Examples
Noun	b is written - f.r. 3 cl. units		Youth, luxury
	b is not written	m.r. 2 fold. unit h	Watchman, key, ivy
			Tasks, pears, schools
Adjective	In short adjectives with a base, the hissing b is not written		Fresh, hot, good
Verb	indefinite form		Take care, get burned
	2 person singular		Can you draw
	Imperative mood		Smear, don't cry
Adverb	Always (excl. already, married, unbearable)		Jump, wide open, all the way
Particles			Only, I mean, ish, vis

Examples for spelling warm-up:

Re h b , young well b , we w b , di h b , but h b , full h b , before h b , ne h b , retu w b , su w b , those h b , ti w b. Kama w , goods sch , but well , payment well , headlight w , feces h , boron sch , gara well , monta well , gro w , thrust h , obru h , le sch , ovo sch , pla sch , pla h, Yes h , ro sch , mature sch , fire sch , roof w , meet h , thousand h Sve well , prigo well , pogo well , input well , like well , not like well , similar well , ry well , besty well , du well , clumsily well , wide h , oho h , neoho h , sing h , live h , jump h , thrust h , I'm taking h , bad luck h. Teach w b , teach w b Xia , wear w b , wear w b Xia , carried w b , carried w b Xia, losing w b , losing w b Xia , sleep w b , get some sleep w b Xia, familiar m b those , known m b Xia ; bro with b , bro with b Xia , bro with b those , bro with b tes ; otre well b. Splo w b , vska h b , about h b , for example h b , then h b -in something h b , back h b , Nastya well b , backwards w b , neumo h b.

Exercise number 1. Explain the spelling b, indicate the spelling, indicate the part of speech.

ovo sch	Existing, 2 cl, m.r.	Do not Cry
I will bring sch	short adjective
		get carried away
admiring
		transient
		mutual aid
have fun		cry
vaults		get burned
		lie in wait
backhand		discover

Exercise number 2. Put these nouns in R.P. pl. h, make up phrases with a subordinating relationship management.

Exercise number 3. Match these words with single-root nouns with a basis in hissing, write down, mark the spelling.

watchdog
		plush
youth
to help
radiant		march
		bearded
glib

Exercise number 4. Write down nouns in R.P. pl. numbers

Exercise number 5. Replace the full forms of adjectives with short ones. Underline the adjectives as members of the sentence. What part of the sentence are short adjectives?

good friend
handsome young man
viscous honey
dense forest
shameless man
hot coffee
broad-shouldered youth
black cop
father-like son
biting frost
redhead baby
skinny goose
suitable occasion

Exercise #6.

offended	grievances ish Xia	will rise
return
bend		look after
		grow up
get enough sleep

Explain the spelling of verb endings in the form of the 3rd person plural. numbers.

eat	eat b , eat b those		slice
smear			do not Cry
hide			be comforted
appoint			multiply
save	save, save
bake		distract
dissect		save

Exercise number 7. Find the correspondence of phrases with synonymous adverbs for hissing, indicate the spelling.

Exercise number 8. Fill in the columns of the table (indicate only word numbers)

1) grease_ 2) married_ 3) youth_4) back_ 5) tractor_ 6) treasure_ 7) land_ 8) pursue_ 9) mighty_ 10) already_ 11) enter_ 12) hide_ 13) thing_ 14) fresh_ 15) thin_ 16) fiddler_ 17) e.g. ) speech_ 35) patronage_ 36) omniscient _ 37) electric stove_ 38) dry_ 39) calculated 40) false_ 41) prestige_ 42) revenge_ 43) kleish_ 44) zanemoch_ 45) strong man_ 46) medical doctor_ 47) arbitration_ 48) brilliant_ 49) ish_ 50) smelly_

The purpose of the lesson:

1. Review and summarize the learning material on the topic.
2. Check the level of assimilation of new material.
3. Assimilation of algorithmic patterns of reasoning.

Equipment:

• a computer,
• projection equipment,
• clarity in the form of a presentation

I. Organizational moment

II. Front work (Option 1)

1. Generalizing conversation on the studied theoretical material.

List the cases when a soft sign is written after non-sibilant consonants.

(-b is written at the end of words to indicate the softness of consonants, for example: stump, laziness [Н`])

Which consonants are combined with a soft sign?

(-b is written in the middle of a word)

a) after a soft l before any consonant, for example: sick, boy, herring;

b) after a soft consonant before a hard consonant, for example: Kuzma, less, struggle).

In what verbs is b written?

(- In reflexive verbs before - Xia, in an indefinite form, for example: smile (a verb in an indefinite form).

What do you remember about the spelling of adjectives?

(- In adjectives formed from the names of months with b at the end, words other than January (from January), for example: November (from November), October (from October).

How are compound numbers written?

(- In numerals denoting round tens from 50 to 80 and round hundreds from 500 to 900, after the first root, for example: seventy, six hundred).

In what combinations of consonants is the soft sign not written?

(- b is not written in a combination of consonants ch, chk, th, chsh, lf, nsch, schn, rch, rch, for example: reading, chick, tip).

In what forms of the verb b is not written?

(- b is not written in the reflexive verb 3l., singular, plural, n.b. time).

lesson option.

The topic “Spelling b after consonants (except hissing)” is prepared by students as homework.

The class is divided into two teams, which include children with different levels of assimilation of the material. During the game, teams exchange tasks and solve them in the allotted time. Each question of the opposing team is answered by the member of the responding team chosen by the opposing team. The team is interested in the knowledge of each of its students, which means that the strong pull up the weak. (Prepared questions are pre-viewed by the teacher).

2. Performing exercises to fix the spelling b after consonants (except for hissing).

Selective dictation. From the text, select words with a spelling and put them in two columns: one with b, and the other without b.

Our estate is especially beautiful in spring. Lilac branches close the weight ... the house. In the June evening, brushes of white flowers stand out ... against the dark greenery. If you get up early ... you can go meet ... dawn ... ku. I get more ... joy ... from communication with nature. Each branch ... ka, familiar path ... ka pleases the heart.

3. Summing up the repetition.

III. Repetition and generalization of educational material on the topic “Soft sign after hissing in different parts of speech”

1.Preparation of students for active cognitive activity in order to generalize theoretical material.

Creative task. Guess the words of the metogram

(Greek meta-“transition” + gramma-letter) replacement of one letter in the word with another: floor - count - pier - ox -dol -goal.

From the third letter of the alphabet
I treat the sick.
And from the fourth
I'll fly in the spring.

In further work, we use small genres of literature: riddles, proverbs, word games.

Guess the riddles, divide the answers into two columns

1. I am very hot at work...
   You touch with your hand ... Xia -
   Though crying...
2. If you give her a job...
   The pencil worked in vain ...
3. Low, but prickly ...
   Sweet, smelly...
   Pick berries…
   Take your whole hand...
4. Day and night ... - day and night ...
5. Marry ... to go - not to drink honey, but to shed tears.

On what basis did you divide the words into two columns?

(Words are distributed according to the presence or absence after the hissing b at the end of the word)

Without b

b touch rip off night away

2. -And now, when we have found out that b is written after hissing in some cases, and in some not, we will write down the topic of the lesson “Soft sign after hissing”

3. Work with the table.(Example of filling in the table)

4. Summing up. Graphic scheme. Rule generalization

Oral formulation of the rule by the teacher:

1. When working with a verb, always write b after the sibilants;
2. If it's a noun, check right away: it must be in the nominative singular. numbers and belong to 3 cl., i.e. be zh.r. - write b;

1. If you have a short adjective in front of you (what?), do not write;
2. If you have a hissing adverb, write b, but remember the exceptions in which there is no b: already, married, unbearable.

IV. Input of the algorithm.

What is the first step to take?

(determine what part of speech the given word is).

Second step?

(-from the noun to find out which declension this noun belongs to)

If the noun is 1 and 2 declensions?

(-after the hissing b is not written, for example: cloud (noun 1 declension). Rook (noun 2 declension).

If the noun has 3 declensions?

(-after the hissing b we write, for example: night (noun 3 declension).

If the word is a short adjective?

(- after the hissing b we do not write, for example: prickly (except for the adjective).

If it's a verb?

(-in any case in the verb after the hissing b).

If this is an adverb (except: already, married, unbearable)

(- after the hissing we write b, for example: away, backhand (adverb).

Generalized algorithm.

3. How can you formulate a reasoning pattern?

Sample oral reasoning

Already ... the sky breathed in autumn, the sun shone less often, the day became shorter (A.S. Pushkin).

(-Uzh-adverb is an exception, therefore, b is not written after w.

Graphic justification: already (?) - adverb, excl., b no

Prickly - a short adjective, therefore, after h
b is not written.

Graphic justification: mighty (?) - kr., adj., - b no

V. Consolidation.

1. Vocabulary dictation with comments according to the algorithm

Daughter ..., you see ..., creaky ..., wide open ..., yes ..., beam ..., puddles ..., stick ..., beach ..., pencil ..., married ..., back ..., guard ...

2. Write down proverbs and sayings, find and graphically justify the spelling of words with the desired spelling.

1. It is not worth it…
2. Eat bread and salt ... but cut the truth ...
3. Good ... kalach ... while it's hot ...
4. What you wish for people... you will get yourself...

3. Selective dictation

Fill in a table consisting of 4 columns (by type of spelling), with words from the dictionary dictation.

The class is divided into 2 groups:

4. Creative task

Form words with the desired spelling from these words by changing the form or choosing a single-root word:

1 in: nouns; 2 in: adjectives; 3 in: verbs; 4 in: adverb.

6. Additional task:

make a logo with words

cry - cry;

ink - ink

Logogriff (Greek logos-“word”+griphos-“mystery”) - search for a hidden word and the formation of new ones from it by rearranging or throwing out individual syllables or letters: the whole is part of a tree, without one letter - a river, without two - a pronoun, without three - a preposition (crown - Rhone - she - on).

Summarizing

VI. Homework:

1. Write words in a table;
2. Learn to reason algorithmically.

Evening (shift) school

Spelling of the soft sign

in various parts of speech

Teacher

Russian language and literature

Kurtveysova E.N.

OPEN RUSSIAN LESSON

Subject: Spelling of the soft sign in various parts of speech.

Lesson Objectives:

Tutorials: repeat the theoretical material about the function b in various parts of speech; consolidate the basic spelling rules b in various parts of speech; improve writing skills; to systematize knowledge about the conditions for using b in various parts of speech.

Developing: to provide conditions for the development of skills to competently, clearly and accurately express thoughts, to create conditions for the development of attentiveness, observation and the ability to highlight the main thing.

Educational: to provide conditions for fostering a positive interest in the subject being studied, to promote the acquisition of the necessary skills for independent learning activities.

Equipment: textbook, handouts, computer presentation.

During the classes

Hello guys. Sit down. Let's start the lesson.

1. Organizing time.

   Explanation of new material.

Teacher: In this lesson, we will work on the topic "Spelling the b sign in various parts of speech." (Slide number 1). Statement of lesson objectives. (Slide number 2).

Open notebooks. Write down the date, the topic of the lesson.

Guys, pay attention to the screen. Read the entry (slide number 3 is read by the student)

How can we be familiar with this?

Set it up or not?

It is necessary that the parts of speech

They answered themselves

b

Teacher: consider the table on the screen (pay attention to the table) (slide No. 4), after which we write the examples in a notebook. See where b is put and where it is not put. Now the parts of speech will tell you.

Spelling b in various parts of speech

Spelled b

Not spelled b

1.In feminine nouns of the 3rd declension: night, daughter, oven, youth, rye.

1.a) In masculine nouns of the 2nd declension: key, doctor, raincoat, comrade, beam;

b) In genitive plural nouns: from the clouds, from the rooftops.

2.a) In verbs in the infinitive: guard, cut - cut;

b) In 2nd person singular verbs: you see, you read, you write, you wash;

in) In imperative verbs: cut - cut, assign - assign, hide - hide.

2.In short adjectives: dense, ebullient, powerful, prickly, good.

3.In the indefinite form of the verb t, t: what to do? what to do? teach - study.

3.In the 3rd person verb form tsya: what is he doing? what will he do? Study, prepare.

4.In adverbs after H, W: jump, jump, get away. Exception: wide open.

4.In adverbs on Zh: already, married, unbearable.

5.In particles: vysh, only, ish, bish.

6.In cardinal numbers at the end of a word: twenty, thirty, and in the middle of the word (after the first root): fifty - eighty, five hundred - eight hundred.

Let's clarify in what parts of speech is b? (in different).

In what parts of speech is b written? (students list).

Write down some examples of spelling words with b (complete with your own examples).

Guys, read out examples in which words b is written and in which it is not (give 2-3 examples).

After reviewing the second part of the table, the teacher invites students to write down several examples where b is not written in words.

Finished with the table.

3. Vocabulary work(slide number 5)

vocabulary work

back - rolled over on his back, face up. For example: Fall down.

Backhand - strongly swinging. For example: Hit backhand.

I can't help it - the same as unbearable. For example: Can't bear it anymore.

Entirely – without gaps, over the entire surface. For example: Board full of ads

wide open - open all the way to the end. For example: Open the window wide open.

a whim - stupid gimmick, dumbass. For example: Get the bullshit out of your head.

deposit - mineral accumulation. For example: Coal deposits.

Our topic is reflected in the textbook on page 26.

Spelling repetition.

4. Work with the textbook(2 students at the blackboard):

p. 26, task 6, ex. 2;

p. 164, task 5, ex. 2.

5. I set homework:(slide number 6).

p. 7, task 6, ex. 2;

p. 10, task 6, ex. 2;

p. 121, task 5, ex. one.

6.Working with handouts(on the students' desks):

Proverbs: Don't always say what you know, but always know what you say.

Teacher: How do you understand it? What can you say? (A person must first think, and then speak).

Handout:

Card number 1

1. Write down the proverbs, inserting the verbs from brackets in the form of the 2nd person singular and underline:

The water that flows nearby is not ... (appreciate). (Uzbek).

When (to hurry), there are always a lot of hills on the way. (Mongolian).

If (love) me, love my dog ​​too. (English).

When a new shoe begins to press, (remember) the old one. (English).

(Want) to eat kalachi, so don't sit on the stove. (Russian).

(Speak) the truth, the truth and do it. (Russian).

In which people (live), keep that custom. (Russian).

2. Underline the particle with b at the end:

1) Other friends are fit only to drink tea. (Japanese).

2) Ready to call the donkey uncle, if only he worked for him. (Armenian).

3) Only fools persist in their delusions. (German).

Card number 2.

1. Write down proverbs and sayings in which nouns of the 3rd declension speech , mouse stand in I.p. units h.

1) A short speech is a good speech. (German).

2) If the truth is not in your chest, do not go out to people to speak. (Kalmyk).

3) Good speech is good to listen to. (Russian).

4) If you want to know a person, listen to his speech. (Chinese).

5) Speech is the image of the soul. (Latin).

6) In its hole, even a mouse is like a lion. (Lezginskaya).

7) A mouse will not escape from the paws of a hungry cat. (Armenian).

8) I dug up a mountain, but dug up a mouse. (Indian).

9) The mouse snouted, snouted and dug until the cat. (Georgian).

Teacher: What is the theme of the proverbs?

Guys, we need to enrich our language.

Pay attention to the slide (Slide number 7) Kuzya. (1 student at the blackboard writes out the correct option).

Statement

I declare that as soon as the night is after midnight, all youth come to my house. Feet are all dirty from puddles. And here you walk, wash, wipe, clean. In general, I can't live like this. Toch-to-to-ch from fatigue I will fall backwards, no doctor will help. So, I ask you to put a house phone on my house, otherwise, although I’m good, I’ll leave here.

Brownie Kuzma.

Teacher: Guys, what style of speech does the statement refer to? (Official-business).

What speech styles do you know?

What two groups are all styles of speech divided into? (For colloquial and book).

Name book styles. (Scientific, official business, artistic, journalistic).

What is the scope of conversational style? In what cases and where is it used? (In a conversation with loved ones. It is appropriate in a home or other informal setting, in letters).

7. Consolidation of the studied material.

1. What topic did we repeat today?

2. When do we write b in nouns?

When do we write b in verbs?

When do we write b in adverbs?

When do we write b in numerals?

3. When do we not write?

4. Name the types of business papers.

8. Summing up. Lesson grades.

The letter ь is written to denote the softness of a double consonant at the end of words, For example: dove, leave, notebook, dirt, pity, seven, horse, kitchens, apple trees, embankment, beast, paint, drink, shipyard.

Letter b , which ends the first part of a compound or compound word, is written to indicate the softness of a consonant before any letter, vowel or consonant, that begins the second part, for example: village executive committee, village council, salvage materials, bone salvage, robbery army, quarter-century, quarter-final, Dalenergo, Svyazinvest, Tyumen?nefte.

To indicate the softness of a paired consonant in front of consonants, the letter "b" is written in the following cases

1. After letter l before any consonant except l , For example: shooting, leonine, foil, ice floe, glide, a few, no belmes, bedroom, carefully, scalpel, waltz, little coat, flatter, April, alpha, alder, mirror, boy, more, flattered .

Between two l a soft sign is not written, For example: goofy .

?sk? consonant l before the suffix - soft, so after l spelled b , for example: rural, Ural, Barnaul. However, in some adjectives formed from non-Russian proper geographical names, a firm l, and therefore b not written, for example: Kyzyl, Yamal(along with options Kyzyl, Yamal).

2. After other consonants:

a) before letters that convey hard consonants, for example: carving, take, earlier, nanny, letter, request, very, induce, witch, wedding, darkness, threshing, pah;

In most adjectives with the suffix ?sk? consonants n and R before the suffix - solid, therefore b they do not include, for example: horse, Kazan, Tyumen, knightly, January, Jaeger. However, in the following adjectives, these consonants before the suffix ?sk? soft, in them after n and R spelled b : day?day, june, september, october, november, december, as well as in many adjectives formed from non-Russian proper geographical names on uh, For example: Tien Shan, Taiwanese, Phnom Penh, Torun, Sichuan, Tianjin. Nouns formed with the suffix ?ts? from the same geographical names: Kazanians, Tyumen, but Taiwanese, Phnom Penh, Torun etc.

b) before letters that convey soft consonants, b it is written only in those cases when, in other forms of the same word or in words with the same root, the second soft consonant becomes hard, and the first consonant remains soft, for example: take(cf. I'll take), eight (eighth), witch (witch), in the darkness (dark), carving (thread), mowing (mowing), wedding (wedding), threshing (threshing), earrings (earrings), skates (skates), uncle (uncle).

3. In other cases, after the letter that conveys a soft consonant, b is not written, For example: unless, prisoner, gnaw, bones, carry, syndicate, review, early, pension, bow, if, song .

Letter b not written in consonant combinations LF, NS, in particular before suffixes ?chik, ?schik, ?chin(a), for example: nurse, dandelion, cup, tip, chick; bricklayer, bathhouse attendant, partisanship, Ryazan region.

The letter "b" as an indicator of grammatical form

Letter b written (regardless of pronunciation) in the following grammatical forms:

a) in complex numbers before ?ten and ?hundred: fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred;

In numerals fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen before ?eleven b is not written.

b) in the indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) before? Xia (same as in the infinitive of verbs without ?Xia), For example: bathe, have, pour, split, put on shoes, wash, laugh;

in ) in the imperative mood of verbs before ?Xia and ?those(same as in forms without ?Xia and ?those), For example: set off, weigh yourself, back up, sit down, stand up, quit, meet, check ;

G) in the form of the instrumental plural of nouns , For example: people, horses, doors, children, as well as in the instrumental form of the numeral four .

After w, w, h, w letter b traditionally written in the following grammatical forms:

a) at the end of nominative/accusative singular feminine nouns of the 3rd declension , For example: rye, whim, mouse, falseness, night, trifle, thing, help;

b ) at the end of the 2nd person singular of present and future tense verbs (after w ), For example: carry, laugh, see, give, rush;

in) in imperative forms of verbs , For example:smear, eat, hide, cut, comfort, hide, don't wince;

G) in the indefinite form of verbs (after h ), For example: bake, cut, crush, get carried away, burn yourself .

The letter ь after hissing is also written at the end of adverbs and particles , For example: wide open, all the way, backhand, jump, back, unbearable, away, completely, you, only, you see, you see. Exceptions: letter b not written in adverbs married, unbearable, in a particle already, as well as in the preposition between .

The letter ь after hissing is not written at the end of the following grammatical forms:

a) nominative / accusative singular masculine nouns of the 2nd declension , For example: knife, ball, ladle, raincoat;

b) genitive plural of feminine nouns of the 1st declension , For example: puddles(from puddle), clouds, galoshes, groves ;

in) short forms of masculine adjectives , For example: fresh, good, good, poor.

The soft sign is probably the most mysterious letter in the Russian language. It does not denote a sound, it is not classified as a vowel / consonant. Why is she needed then? It turns out that its role in our writing is great. In this article, we will figure out when “b” is used after hissing with nouns, adverbs and verbs.

Nouns. Soft sign after hissing consonants

The exact spelling of the soft sign after these consonants is the most difficult, since it is not clear by ear whether it should be written or not.

It turns out that the rule is very simple: a soft sign after hissing in it. noun written only in the words of women. gender belonging to the 3rd declension.

The words “oven”, “speech”, “daughter”, “night”, “game” are feminine, have the nominative case and are in the singular. Therefore, we must certainly write “b” in them.

But be careful: they should not be confused with the words of the 1st declension, which are in oblique cases: “many clouds”, “no tasks”, “several heaps”. All these words, it would seem, are feminine, and, probably, they should be attributed to the 3rd declension.

But let's take a closer look: they are in the genitive case. If we raise them to the initial form (“cloud”, “task”, “heap”), then we will make sure that they belong to the first declension, which means that they do not obey this rule.

There is another "trap" in Russian, where in no case do they use a soft sign after hissing ones. Words ending in a hissing consonant, but related to the second declension, are not written with "b" ("rook", "doctor", "cloak" - 2nd declension). Therefore, be more careful when asking the question to the noun. Do this before determining the declension, since the gender depends on it. noun, and number.

When do we write "b" in adverbs?

An adverb is one of the invariable parts of speech. It is not declined, there are no endings in it. Spelling "b" in adverbs lends itself to not at all difficult rules.

• In those adverbs that end in the consonant "sh" or "ch", a soft sign is always written. For example: "jump", "exactly".

In adverbs for "zh", it is never written. The exception would be the word "wide".

• Another rule that the adverb obeys: a soft sign after hissing is always used, with the exception of “already”, “married”, “unbearable”. Undoubtedly, such a comic sentence is easily remembered by schoolchildren, especially girls.

It is not so important which rule you remember, the main thing is that both reflect the essence of the spelling of adverbs.

Verb and soft sign after sibilants

The verb is one of the most used parts of speech, without which our language would be very poor. Spelling "b" with verbs causes a lot of difficulties not only for students, but also for adults.

1. If the verb in the indefinite form (infinitive) ends in sibilant, then "ь" in this case will always be written. And here without any exceptions. "Protect", "bake", "burn". It will also be preserved in a returnable form, before the postfix “-sya”: “get carried away”, “ignite”, “beware”.
2. All 2nd person singular verbs use a soft sign. This applies both to the present: (“you are now”) “writing”, “drawing”, “walking”, “sleeping”, and to the future: (“you are tomorrow”) “work”, “think”, “finish ”, “remake”. The soft sign will also be preserved before the postfix “-sya”: “you will like it”, “you will use it”, “you will touch it”, “you will type it”, “you will take shape”. In verbs that are in the imperative mood and end in a hissing consonant, they always write a soft sign: “cut off”, “eat”, “spread”, “hide”. Before the plural postfix "-te", it must be preserved: "mark", "cut", "hide".

Before the postfix “-sya”, it also does not disappear: “comfort yourself”, “do not cut yourself”.

And again, be careful and do not fall into the "trap" of the insidious Russian language! The words "cry" and "cry" are completely different parts of speech, and therefore are spelled differently.

“Crying” without a soft sign is a noun of the 2nd declension, and, accordingly, a soft sign cannot be written in it. But “cry” with a soft sign is a verb of the imperative mood, and, as you know, we always write “b” in them. All this is easily guessed by the proposed context, in which the meaning of the word will become clear.

Conclusion

A soft sign after hissing is used with many parts of speech. Knowing the simple rules, you will never encounter the problem of spelling it after these consonants. If suddenly you forget some of the nuances, then our article will remind you of them.