Aspen initial form. What is the initial form? Independent parts of speech

Academic book / Textbook
Promising Elementary School
A fresh blouse is a stale blouse.
Before doing the exercise, it is necessary that in the class about
Fresh morning - hot morning.
the definition of single-root words sounded. Then the teacher can
ask if different forms of the same word are related
words. Only after clarifying the difference between these concepts
you can start the exercises.
CASE DIFFERENCE
This text contains the following groups of related words:
1. aspen, aspen, boletus.
The purpose of this section is based on the ability to determine cases
2. Herringbone, Christmas tree, spruce.
to form in children the skill of unmistakable identification and difference
3. boletus, Birch, birch forest.
case forms of nouns.
After recording groups of related words, children look for in the text
P. 102. Exercise 91. In the text of this exercise, the word sugar
and write out different forms of one word, determining their number and pas
nitsa occurs in three cases at once (I.p., V.p., R.p.), and R.p.
dej. For example:
used with various prepositions. In addition, the teacher can
1. aspen(singular, I.p.), aspen(singular, VP), under the aspen(Etc.).
invite the children to decline the given word and orally compose a word
2. boletus(singular, I.p.), boletus(singular, etc.), from by
combinations or sentences with different case forms.
dosinovikov(pl., R.p.), boletus(pl., I.p.).
pp. 102–103. Exercise 92. Comparing bold
3. boletus(singular, I.p.), boletus(pl., I.p.).
font of the word, students can assume that they are standing in one
As a result of working on this exercise, once again it should sound
nom case. The same beginning of the sentence will help them in this.
conclusion that related words and different forms of the same word are
By comparing colored words, children can also guess
are not the same (which the children will be able to illustrate with examples,
live that these words have the same case, since they have one
extracted from the text).
kovy endings. About the words underlined with a dotted line, it's hard that
P. 104. Exercise 95. Here, using excerpts from the well-known
or say, since words in any case, except for I.p., can be
coma to the children of the fairy tales of A.S. Pushkin, students determine the cases of the word
secondary members of the sentence. After that, the children
wa old woman. This word is found here in all cases, except for P.p.
find out the cases of all the highlighted words and find out that they are in the same
The same exercise contains material for repeating that
nom case.
some spellings, such as “writing I / Y after hissing”, “unstressed
P. 103. Exercise 93. With this exercise, children learn
vowels in the root of the word, checked by stress.
to determine the cases of nouns that have only the form
The last task of this exercise, children will be able to complete
plural. They determine the case by putting to the dependent
only if they understand the meaning of the words spin and yarn.
words case questions. For example:
The teacher must find out and conduct vocabulary work.
carried(who? what?) sleigh(V.p.);
P. 105. Exercise 96. In this poem there are
sat(in whom? in what?) in sledges(P.p.);
nouns in the form of different cases with and without prepositions.
flew off(from whom? from what?) from the sleigh(R.p.).
To complete the exercise, students will need to apply
In order to correctly name the initial form of the word, children
their skills to correctly write unstressed vowels at the root of words, about
must first understand that it does not have a singular form
verified and unverified by stress, letter combination ChK, particle
la, therefore, the initial form is sleigh.
NOT with verbs, as well as the ability to highlight the stem of a sentence.
pp. 103–104. Exercise 94. The purpose of this exercise is to clearly
P. 106. Exercise 97. The difficulty with this exercise is that
separation in the minds of students of such concepts as related
here it is required to determine the case not of nouns, but of
words and different forms of the same word. Children need to learn to
values. Children will be able to do this by verbally replacing the place
lyat, where in the text are single-root words, and where is the same word, mentioned
having nouns and already determining the case of being
consumed in various forms.
positive.

1. Independent parts of speech:

  • nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
  • Verbs:
    • sacraments;
    • gerunds;
  • adjectives;
  • numerals;
  • pronouns;
  • adverbs;

2. Service parts of speech:

  • prepositions;
  • unions;
  • particles;

3. Interjections.

None of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language fall into:

  • the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
  • introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

  • the initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
  • own or common noun;
  • animate or inanimate;
  • gender (m, f, cf.);
  • number (unit, plural);
  • declination;
  • case;
  • syntactic role in a sentence.

Plan of morphological analysis of a noun

"The baby is drinking milk."

Kid (answers the question who?) - noun;

  • initial form - baby;
  • permanent morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
  • inconstant morphological features: nominative case, singular;
  • in the syntactic analysis of the sentence, it plays the role of the subject.

Morphological analysis of the word "milk" (answers the question of whom? What?).

  • initial form - milk;
  • constant morphological characteristic of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, 2nd declension;
  • variable morphological features: accusative, singular;
  • in a sentence with a direct object.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (Example from: Luzhin's Defense, Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

  • the initial form is a lady;
  • permanent morphological features: common noun, animate, specific, feminine, 1st declension;
  • fickle morphological noun characteristic: singular, genitive;
  • syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;

  • initial form - Luzhin;
  • faithful morphological characteristic of the word: proper name, animated, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
  • non-permanent morphological features of a noun: singular, dative case;

Palm (what?) - noun;

  • initial form - palm;
  • constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
  • unstable morphos. signs: singular, instrumental;
  • syntactic role in context: complement.

Dust (what?) - noun;

  • initial form - dust;
  • main morphological features: common noun, real, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
  • fickle morphological word characteristic: accusative;
  • syntactic role: complement.

(c) Coat (Why?) - noun;

  • the initial form is a coat;
  • constant correct morphological characteristic of the word: inanimate, common noun, concrete, neuter, indeclinable;
  • morphological features are unstable: the number cannot be determined from the context, the genitive case;
  • syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

The adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers questions What? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the features or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

  • initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
  • constant morphological features of adjectives:
    • rank, according to the value:
      • - quality (warm, silent);
      • - relative (yesterday, reading);
      • - possessive (hare, mother's);
    • degree of comparison (for qualitative, in which this feature is constant);
    • full / short form (for quality, in which this feature is permanent);
  • non-permanent morphological features of the adjective:
    • quality adjectives change according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees, a simple form, in superlatives - complex): beautiful-beautiful-most beautiful;
    • full or short form (only qualitative adjectives);
    • genus sign (only in the singular);
    • number (consistent with the noun);
    • case (consistent with the noun);
  • syntactic role in the sentence: the adjective is a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan of morphological analysis of the adjective

Suggestion example:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) - adjective;

  • initial form - complete;
  • permanent morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
  • inconstant morphological characteristic: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
  • according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, performs the role of a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and a morphological analysis of the adjective, using examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looked into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - adjective;

  • the initial form is beautiful (in this sense);
  • constant morphological norms: qualitative, short;
  • non-permanent signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - adjective;

  • initial form - slender;
  • permanent morphological features: qualitative, complete;
  • inconstant morphological characteristics of the word: complete, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
  • syntactic role in the sentence: part of the predicate.

Thin (what?) - adjective;

  • the initial form is thin;
  • morphological permanent features: qualitative, complete;
  • inconstant morphological characteristic of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
  • syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - adjective;

  • initial form - blue;
  • table of constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative;
  • inconstant morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative case;
  • syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - adjective;

  • initial form - amazing;
  • permanent signs in morphology: relative, expressive;
  • inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive;
  • syntactic role in the sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, the verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what have you been doing? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms are characterized by heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

  • the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or invariable form of the verb. Variable morphological features are absent;
  • conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
  • non-conjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

  • the initial form is the infinitive;
  • constant morphological features of the verb:
    • transitivity:
      • transitive (used with accusative nouns without a preposition);
      • intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
    • returnability:
      • returnable (there are -sya, -sya);
      • irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
      • imperfect (what to do?);
      • perfect (what to do?);
    • conjugation:
      • I conjugation (do-eat, do-et, do-eat, do-et, do-yut / ut);
      • II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat / at);
      • conjugated verbs (want, run);
  • non-permanent morphological features of the verb:
    • mood:
      • indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
      • conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
      • imperative: do it!;
    • time (in the indicative mood: past / present / future);
    • person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
    • gender (in the past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
    • number;
  • syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
    • predicate: To be a holiday today;
    • Subject: Learning is always useful;
    • addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
    • definition: He has an overwhelming desire to eat;
    • circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological analysis of the verb example

To understand the scheme, we will conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:

Crow somehow God sent a piece of cheese ... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;

  • initial form - send;
  • permanent morphological features: perfective, transitional, 1st conjugation;
  • inconstant morphological characteristic of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;

The following online example of the morphological parsing of a verb in a sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen (what to do?) - verb;

  • the initial form is to listen;
  • morphological constant features: perfect form, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
  • inconstant morphological characteristics of the word: imperative, plural, 2nd person;
  • syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Plan for the morphological analysis of the verb online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

No need, let him know another time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“The Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)

Warn (what to do?) - verb;

  • initial form - warn;
  • morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocable, 1st conjugation;
  • non-permanent morphology of the part of speech: infinitive;
  • syntactic function in a sentence: an integral part of the predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - part of speech verb;

  • the initial form is to know;
  • inconstant morphology of the verb: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
  • syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

  • the initial form is to violate;
  • permanent morphological features: imperfective, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
  • non-permanent signs of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
  • syntactic role in the context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what to do?) - part of speech verb;

  • initial form - wait;
  • permanent morphological features: perfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
  • inconstant morphological characteristic of the verb: imperative, plural, 2nd person;
  • syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Entered (what did?) - verb;

  • initial form - enter;
  • permanent morphological features: perfective, irrevocable, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
  • inconstant morphological characteristic of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
  • syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Morphology deals with the form of a word. Changed words have forms. One of the forms is called the initial one. Initial is the form in which the word is given in dictionaries.

For nouns the initial form is singular, I.p., for example: school, class, night .

For adjectives- singular, m.p., for example: blue, winter, fox .

For numerals initial form are:
for quantitative - I.p., for example: ten, one hundred ,
for ordinals - singular, m.r., I.p., for example: second, hundredth .

Note:

For verbs* the initial form is the indefinite form of the verb (=infinitive), for example: smile, think, play .

Note:

For participles, the initial form of the verb is defined differently.

It depends on the interpretation of the nature of the sacrament.

If participles are defined as a special form of the verb, then the initial form will be the indefinite form of the verb, for example: smile, build.
If participles are defined as an independent part of speech, then the initial form is considered to be singular, m.r., I.p., for example: smiling, built. For more on the nature of the sacrament, see

RELATED ARTICLES